1PERLDIAG(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLDIAG(1)
2
6 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
7
9 These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
10 desperation):
11 (W) A warning (optional).
13 (D) A deprecation (optional).
14 (S) A severe warning (enabled by default).
15 (F) A fatal error (trappable).
16 (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
17 (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
18 (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
19 The majority of messages from the first three classifications above (W,
21 D & S) can be controlled using the "warnings" pragma.
22 If a message can be controlled by the "warnings" pragma, its warning
24 category is included with the classification letter in the description
25 below.
26 Optional warnings are enabled by using the "warnings" pragma or the -w
28 and -W switches. Warnings may be captured by setting $SIG{__WARN__} to
29 a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead of
30 printing it. See perlvar.
31 Severe warnings are always enabled, unless they are explicitly disabled
33 with the "warnings" pragma or the -X switch.
34 Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See "eval" in
36 perlfunc. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively disabled or
37 promoted to fatal errors using the "warnings" pragma. See warnings.
38 The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or
40 lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are
41 denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are
42 ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than
43 letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a
44 letter.
45 accept() on closed socket %s
47 (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you
48 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
49 "accept" in perlfunc.
50 Allocation too large: %lx
52 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
53 '%c' allowed only after types %s
55 (F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in pack() or
56 unpack() only after certain types. See "pack" in perlfunc.
57 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
59 (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a
60 Perl keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for
61 calling one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because
62 the subroutine is not imported.
63 To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an
65 ampersand before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its
66 package. Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend
67 that it's imported with the "use subs" pragma).
68 To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the "CORE::"
70 prefix on the operator (e.g. "CORE::log($x)") or declare the
71 subroutine to be an object method (see "Subroutine Attributes" in
72 perlsub or attributes).
73 Ambiguous range in transliteration operator
75 (F) You wrote something like "tr/a-z-0//" which doesn't mean
76 anything at all. To include a "-" character in a transliteration,
77 put it either first or last. (In the past, "tr/a-z-0//" was
78 synonymous with "tr/a-y//", which was probably not what you would
79 have expected.)
80 Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
82 (W ambiguous)(S) You said something that may not be interpreted the
83 way you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by
84 supplying a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or
85 declaration.
86 '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
88 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
89 redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also
90 tried to redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a
91 customer, please.
92 '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
94 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
95 redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file
96 and into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the
97 other, though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or
98 Perl script which 'splits' output into two streams, such as
99 open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
101 while (<STDIN>) {
102 print;
103 print OUT;
104 }
105 close OUT;
106 Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
108 (W misc) The pattern match ("//"), substitution ("s///"), and
109 transliteration ("tr///") operators work on scalar values. If you
110 apply one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array
111 or hash to a scalar value -- the length of an array, or the
112 population info of a hash -- and then work on that scalar value.
113 This is probably not what you meant to do. See "grep" in perlfunc
114 and "map" in perlfunc for alternatives.
115 Args must match #! line
117 (F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments Perl was
118 invoked with match the arguments specified on the #! line. Since
119 some systems impose a one-argument limit on the #! line, try
120 combining switches; for example, turn "-w -U" into "-wU".
121 Arg too short for msgsnd
123 (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
124 %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine
126 (F) The argument to exists() must be a hash or array element or a
127 subroutine with an ampersand, such as:
128 $foo{$bar}
130 $ref->{"susie"}[12]
131 &do_something
132 %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice
134 (F) The argument to delete() must be either a hash or array
135 element, such as:
136 $foo{$bar}
138 $ref->{"susie"}[12]
139 or a hash or array slice, such as:
141 @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
143 @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
144 %s argument is not a subroutine name
146 (F) The argument to exists() for "exists &sub" must be a subroutine
147 name, and not a subroutine call. "exists &sub()" will generate
148 this error.
149 Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
151 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an
152 operator that expected a numeric value instead. If you're
153 fortunate the message will identify which operator was so
154 unfortunate.
155 Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer "%s"
157 (W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O
158 system you forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers
159 take care of transforming data between external and internal
160 representations.) Perl stopped parsing the layer list at this
161 point and did not attempt to push this layer. If your program
162 didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the
163 result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
164 Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s()
166 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in
167 some spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
168 assertion botched: %s
170 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal
171 failure.
172 Assertion failed: file "%s"
174 (P) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be
175 examined.
176 Assignment to both a list and a scalar
178 (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd
179 arguments must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise
180 Perl won't know which context to supply to the right side.
181 A thread exited while %d threads were running
183 (W threads)(S) When using threaded Perl, a thread (not necessarily
184 the main thread) exited while there were still other threads
185 running. Usually it's a good idea to first collect the return
186 values of the created threads by joining them, and only then exit
187 from the main thread. See threads.
188 Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash
190 (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not
191 in the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.
192 Attempt to bless into a reference
194 (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to
195 be the name of the package to bless the resulting object into.
196 You've supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote
197 bless $self, $proto;
199 when you intended
201 bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto;
203 If you actually want to bless into the stringified version of the
205 reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for example
206 by:
207 bless $self, "$proto";
209 Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash
211 (F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a
212 key which is not in its key set.
213 Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash
215 (F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
216 declared readonly from a restricted hash.
217 Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx
219 (P internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from
220 arenas that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was
221 discovered to be outside any of those arenas.
222 Attempt to free nonexistent shared string
224 (P internal) Perl maintains a reference counted internal table of
225 strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other
226 strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference
227 count of a string that can no longer be found in the table.
228 Attempt to free temp prematurely
230 (W debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
231 free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing
232 the SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means
233 that the free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar
234 when it does try to free it.
235 Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
237 (P internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
238 Attempt to free unreferenced scalar
240 (W internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar
241 to see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone
242 to 0 earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was
243 freed. This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many
244 times, or that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the
245 SV was mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has
246 been corrupted.
247 Attempt to join self
249 (F) You tried to join a thread from within itself, which is an
250 impossible task. You may be joining the wrong thread, or you may
251 need to move the join() to some other thread.
252 Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
254 (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
255 function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template.
256 This means the result contains a pointer to a location that could
257 become invalid anytime, even before the end of the current
258 statement. Use literals or global values as arguments to the "p"
259 pack() template to avoid this warning.
260 Attempt to reload %s aborted.
262 (F) You tried to load a file with "use" or "require" that failed to
263 compile once already. Perl will not try to compile this file again
264 unless you delete its entry from %INC. See "require" in perlfunc
265 and "%INC" in perlvar.
266 Attempt to set length of freed array
268 (W) You tried to set the length of an array which has been freed.
269 You can do this by storing a reference to the scalar representing
270 the last index of an array and later assigning through that
271 reference. For example
272 $r = do {my @a; \$#a};
274 $$r = 503
275 Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
277 (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to
278 substr() used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you
279 forgot to dereference it first. See "substr" in perlfunc.
280 Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %s
282 (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(),
283 semctl() or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are,
284 respectively, sizeof(struct msqid_ds *), sizeof(struct semid_ds *),
285 and sizeof(struct shmid_ds *).
286 Bad evalled substitution pattern
288 (F) You've used the "/e" switch to evaluate the replacement for a
289 substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to
290 evaluate, most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.
291 Bad filehandle: %s
293 (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the
294 symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do
295 an open(), or did it in another package.
296 Bad free() ignored
298 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
299 never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be
300 disabled by setting environment variable "PERL_BADFREE" to 0.
301 This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with
303 "hard" dynamic linking, like "AIX" and "OS/2". It is a bug of
304 "Berkeley DB" which is left unnoticed if "DB" uses forgiving system
305 malloc().
306 Bad hash
308 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
309 Badly placed ()'s
311 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
312 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
313 yourself.
314 Bad name after %s::
316 (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and
317 then didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't
318 interpolate outside of quotes, so
319 $var = 'myvar';
321 $sym = mypack::$var;
322 is not the same as
324 $var = 'myvar';
326 $sym = "mypack::$var";
327 Bad realloc() ignored
329 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that
330 had never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be
331 disabled by setting environment variable "PERL_BADFREE" to 1.
332 Bad symbol for array
334 (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something
335 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
336 Bad symbol for dirhandle
338 (P) An internal request asked to add a dirhandle entry to something
339 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
340 Bad symbol for filehandle
342 (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to
343 something that wasn't a symbol table entry.
344 Bad symbol for hash
346 (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
347 wasn't a symbol table entry.
348 Bareword found in conditional
350 (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a
351 conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as
352 part of the last argument of the previous construct, for example:
353 open FOO || die;
355 It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been
357 interpreted as a bareword:
358 use constant TYPO => 1;
360 if (TYOP) { print "foo" }
361 The "strict" pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.
363 Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
365 (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
366 subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>"
367 symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
368 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
370 (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form "Foo::", but
371 the compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point.
372 Perhaps you need to predeclare a package?
373 BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
375 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN
376 subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is
377 exited.
378 BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
380 (F) Perl found a "BEGIN {}" subroutine (or a "use" directive, which
381 implies a "BEGIN {}") after one or more compilation errors had
382 already occurred. Since the intended environment for the "BEGIN
383 {}" could not be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since
384 subsequent code likely depends on its correct operation, Perl just
385 gave up.
386 \1 better written as $1
388 (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as
389 variables. The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-
390 hand side of a substitution, but stylistically it's better to use
391 the variable form because other Perl programmers will expect it,
392 and it works better if there are more than 9 backreferences.
393 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable
395 (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
396 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
397 perlport for more on portability concerns.
398 bind() on closed socket %s
400 (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you
401 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See "bind"
402 in perlfunc.
403 binmode() on closed filehandle %s
405 (W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never
406 opened. Check you control flow and number of arguments.
407 Bit vector size > 32 non-portable
409 (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.
410 Bizarre copy of %s in %s
412 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
413 copyable.
414 Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
416 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing
417 to iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol
418 definition which was too long, so it was truncated to the string
419 shown.
420 Callback called exit
422 (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv()
423 exited by calling exit.
424 %s() called too early to check prototype
426 (W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before
427 the parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could
428 not check that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to
429 either add an early prototype declaration for the subroutine in
430 question, or move the subroutine definition ahead of the call to
431 get proper prototype checking. Alternatively, if you are certain
432 that you're calling the function correctly, you may put an
433 ampersand before the name to avoid the warning. See perlsub.
434 Cannot compress integer in pack
436 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. The
437 BER compressed integer format can only be used with positive
438 integers, and you attempted to compress Infinity or a very large
439 number (> 1e308). See "pack" in perlfunc.
440 Cannot compress negative numbers in pack
442 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative. The BER compressed
443 integer format can only be used with positive integers. See "pack"
444 in perlfunc.
445 Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob
447 (F) You manipulated Perl's symbol table directly, stored a
448 reference in it, then tried to access that symbol via conventional
449 Perl syntax. The access triggers Perl to autovivify that typeglob,
450 but it there is no legal conversion from that type of reference to
451 a typeglob.
452 Cannot copy to %s in %s
454 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy a value to an internal type
455 that cannot be directly assigned not.
456 Can only compress unsigned integers in pack
458 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER
459 compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers,
460 and you attempted to compress something else. See "pack" in
461 perlfunc.
462 Can't bless non-reference value
464 (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl
465 "enforces" encapsulation of objects. See perlobj.
466 Can't "break" in a loop topicalizer
468 (F) You called "break", but you're in a "foreach" block rather than
469 a "given" block. You probably meant to use "next" or "last".
470 Can't "break" outside a given block
472 (F) You called "break", but you're not inside a "given" block.
473 Can't call method "%s" in empty package "%s"
475 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a
476 package functioning as a class, but that package doesn't have
477 ANYTHING defined in it, let alone methods. See perlobj.
478 Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
480 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by
481 the object reference or package name contains an undefined value.
482 Something like this will reproduce the error:
483 $BADREF = undef;
485 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
486 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
487 Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
489 (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run.
490 It ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply,
491 but you didn't supply an object reference in this case. A
492 reference isn't an object reference until it has been blessed. See
493 perlobj.
494 Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
496 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by
497 the object reference or package name contains an expression that
498 returns a defined value which is neither an object reference nor a
499 package name. Something like this will reproduce the error:
500 $BADREF = 42;
502 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
503 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
504 Can't chdir to %s
506 (F) You called "perl -x/foo/bar", but "/foo/bar" is not a directory
507 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
508 Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid
510 (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script
511 for nosuid.
512 Can't coerce array into hash
514 (F) You used an array where a hash was expected, but the array has
515 no information on how to map from keys to array indices. You can
516 do that only with arrays that have a hash reference at index 0.
517 Can't coerce %s to integer in %s
519 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
520 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you
521 can't say things like:
522 *foo += 1;
524 You CAN say
526 $foo = *foo;
528 $foo += 1;
529 but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
531 Can't coerce %s to number in %s
533 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
534 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
535 Can't coerce %s to string in %s
537 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
538 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are.
539 Can't "continue" outside a when block
541 (F) You called "continue", but you're not inside a "when" or
542 "default" block.
543 Can't create pipe mailbox
545 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from
546 exhausted quotas or other plumbing problems.
547 Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s"
549 (F) Currently, only scalar variables can be declared with a
550 specific class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state" declaration.
551 The semantics may be extended for other types of variables in
552 future.
553 Can't declare %s in "%s"
555 (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my",
556 "our" or "state" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as
557 names.
558 Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
560 (S inplace) You tried to use the -i switch on a special file, such
561 as a file in /dev, or a FIFO. The file was ignored.
562 Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
564 (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated
565 reason.
566 Can't do inplace edit without backup
568 (F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try
569 reading from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say
570 "-i.bak", or some such.
571 Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique
573 (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than
574 14 characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename
575 during inplace editing with the -i switch. The file was ignored.
576 Can't do {n,m} with n > m in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
578 (F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima. If you really want
579 your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}. The <-- HERE
580 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
581 discovered. See perlre.
582 Can't do setegid!
584 (P) The setegid() call failed for some reason in the setuid
585 emulator of suidperl.
586 Can't do seteuid!
588 (P) The setuid emulator of suidperl failed for some reason.
589 Can't do setuid
591 (F) This typically means that ordinary perl tried to exec suidperl
592 to do setuid emulation, but couldn't exec it. It looks for a name
593 of the form sperl5.000 in the same directory that the perl
594 executable resides under the name perl5.000, typically
595 /usr/local/bin on Unix machines. If the file is there, check the
596 execute permissions. If it isn't, ask your sysadmin why he and/or
597 she removed it.
598 Can't do waitpid with flags
600 (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only
601 waitpid() without flags is emulated.
602 Can't emulate -%s on #! line
604 (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this
605 point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a -x on the #!
606 line.
607 Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform
609 (F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-
610 endian, or it has a very strange pointer size. Packing and
611 unpacking big- or little-endian floating point values and pointers
612 may not be possible. See "pack" in perlfunc.
613 Can't exec "%s": %s
615 (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute
616 the named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons
617 include: the permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't
618 found in $ENV{PATH}, the executable in question was compiled for
619 another architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an
620 interpreter that can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your
621 system doesn't support #! at all.)
622 Can't exec %s
624 (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you
625 because that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you
626 wanted, you may need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.
627 Can't execute %s
629 (F) You used the -S switch, but the copies of the script to execute
630 found in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
631 Can't find an opnumber for "%s"
633 (F) A string of a form "CORE::word" was given to prototype(), but
634 there is no builtin with the name "word".
635 Can't find %s character property "%s"
637 (F) You used "\p{}" or "\P{}" but the character property by that
638 name could not be found. Maybe you misspelled the name of the
639 property (remember that the names of character properties consist
640 only of alphanumeric characters), or maybe you forgot the "Is" or
641 "In" prefix?
642 Can't find label %s
644 (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that
645 it's possible for us to go to. See "goto" in perlfunc.
646 Can't find %s on PATH
648 (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute could not be
649 found in the PATH.
650 Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
652 (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute could not be
653 found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions.
654 The script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits
655 running it.
656 Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
658 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message
659 means that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed
660 quotes count nesting levels, the following is missing its final
661 parenthesis:
662 print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
664 If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have
666 included unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag. A good
667 programmer's editor will have a way to help you find these
668 characters.
669 Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"
671 (F) You may have tried to use "\p" which means a Unicode property
672 (for example "\p{Lu}" is all uppercase letters). If you did mean
673 to use a Unicode property, see perlunicode for the list of known
674 properties. If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape
675 the "\p", either by "\\p" (just the "\p") or by "\Q\p" (the rest of
676 the string, until possible "\E").
677 Can't fork
679 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
680 pipeline.
681 Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
683 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the
684 difference between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model
685 Perl assumes. Under VMS, access checks are done by filename,
686 rather than by bits in the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other
687 protections can be taken into account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes
688 that the stat buffer contains all the necessary information, and
689 passes it, instead of the filespec, to the access checking routine.
690 It will try to retrieve the filespec using the device name and FID
691 present in the stat buffer, but this works only if you haven't made
692 a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine, because the device
693 name is overwritten with each call. If this warning appears, the
694 name lookup failed, and the access checking routine gave up and
695 returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access
696 checking routine knows about the Perl "stat" operator and file
697 tests, so you shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl
698 command; it arises only if some internal code takes stat buffers
699 lightly.)
700 Can't get pipe mailbox device name
702 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a
703 pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use.
704 Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
706 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want
707 your mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
708 Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
710 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
711 foreach loop. You can't get there from here. See "goto" in
712 perlfunc.
713 Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block
715 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look
716 like a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually
717 occurs if you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine,
718 which is a no-no. See "goto" in perlfunc.
719 Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback)
721 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of the
722 comparison sub for a sort(), or from a similar callback (such as
723 the reduce() function in List::Util).
724 Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s
726 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval
727 "string" or block.
728 Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
730 (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one
731 subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole
732 cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD
733 routine anyway. See "goto" in perlfunc.
734 Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default
736 (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD
737 signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this
738 signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of
739 child processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value.
740 This situation typically indicates that the parent program under
741 which Perl may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless.
742 Can't "last" outside a loop block
744 (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current
745 block, except that there's this itty bitty problem called there
746 isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
747 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(),
748 map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the
749 same effect though, because the inner curlies will be considered a
750 block that loops once. See "last" in perlfunc.
751 Can't linearize anonymous symbol table
753 (F) Perl tried to calculate the method resolution order (MRO) of a
754 package, but failed because the package stash has no name.
755 Can't load '%s' for module %s
757 (F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic
758 extension. This may either mean that you upgraded your version of
759 perl to one that is incompatible with your old dynamic extensions
760 (which is known to happen between major versions of perl), or (more
761 likely) that your dynamic extension was built against an older
762 version of the library that is installed on your system. You may
763 need to rebuild your old dynamic extensions.
764 Can't localize lexical variable %s
766 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared
767 as a lexical variable using "my" or "state". This is not allowed.
768 If you want to localize a package variable of the same name,
769 qualify it with the package name.
770 Can't localize through a reference
772 (F) You said something like "local $$ref", which Perl can't
773 currently handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of
774 whatever $ref pointed to after the scope of the local() is
775 finished, it can't be sure that $ref will still be a reference.
776 Can't locate %s
778 (F) You said to "do" (or "require", or "use") a file that couldn't
779 be found. Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned in
780 @INC, unless the file name included the full path to the file.
781 Perhaps you need to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment
782 variable to say where the extra library is, or maybe the script
783 needs to add the library name to @INC. Or maybe you just
784 misspelled the name of the file. See "require" in perlfunc and
785 lib.
786 Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
788 (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows
789 autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable
790 causes are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to
791 "AutoSplit" the file, say, by doing "make install".
792 Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC
794 (F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library,
795 like for example, "foo.so" or "bar.dll", but the DynaLoader module
796 was unable to locate this library. See DynaLoader.
797 Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
799 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a
800 package functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define
801 that particular method, nor does any of its base classes. See
802 perlobj.
803 Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
805 (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package
806 that doesn't seem to exist.
807 Can't locate PerlIO%s
809 (F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
810 e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile").
811 Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system
813 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems,
814 notably VMS.
815 Can't modify %s in %s
817 (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or
818 otherwise try to change it, such as with an auto-increment.
819 Can't modify nonexistent substring
821 (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was
822 handed a NULL.
823 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call
825 (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be
826 declared as such, see "Lvalue subroutines" in perlsub.
827 Can't msgrcv to read-only var
829 (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a
830 receive buffer.
831 Can't "next" outside a loop block
833 (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block,
834 but there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block
835 doesn't count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to
836 sort(), map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get
837 the same effect though, because the inner curlies will be
838 considered a block that loops once. See "next" in perlfunc.
839 Can't open %s: %s
841 (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the "<>"
842 filehandle, either implicitly under the "-n" or "-p" command-line
843 switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually
844 this is because you don't have read permission for a file which you
845 named on the command line.
846 Can't open a reference
848 (W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing,
849 using the 3-arg open() syntax :
850 open FH, '>', $ref;
852 but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form
854 of open is not supported.
855 Can't open bidirectional pipe
857 (W pipe) You tried to say "open(CMD, "|cmd|")", which is not
858 supported. You can try any of several modules in the Perl library
859 to do this, such as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's
860 output to a file using ">", and then read it in under a different
861 file handle.
862 Can't open error file %s as stderr
864 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
865 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or
866 '2>>' on the command line for writing.
867 Can't open input file %s as stdin
869 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
870 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the
871 command line for reading.
872 Can't open output file %s as stdout
874 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
875 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>'
876 on the command line for writing.
877 Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
879 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
880 redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data
881 destined for stdout.
882 Can't open perl script%s
884 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated
885 reason.
886 If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on
888 the shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that
889 search, so you don't have to type the path or "`which
890 $scriptname`".
891 Can't read CRTL environ
893 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of
894 %ENV from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the
895 array was missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL
896 misplaced its environ or define PERL_ENV_TABLES (see perlvms) so
897 that environ is not searched.
898 Can't "redo" outside a loop block
900 (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block,
901 but there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block
902 doesn't count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to
903 sort(), map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get
904 the same effect though, because the inner curlies will be
905 considered a block that loops once. See "redo" in perlfunc.
906 Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file
908 (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup
909 file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it
910 with the modified file. The file was left unmodified.
911 Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
913 (S inplace) The rename done by the -i switch failed for some
914 reason, probably because you don't have write permission to the
915 directory.
916 Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
918 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and
919 tried to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
920 Can't resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s'
922 (F|P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as
923 opposed to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the
924 package. If method name is "???", this is an internal error.
925 Can't reswap uid and euid
927 (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid
928 emulator of suidperl.
929 Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine
931 (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as
932 temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue.
933 This is not allowed.
934 Can't return outside a subroutine
936 (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is,
937 where there was no subroutine call to return out of. See perlsub.
938 Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context
940 (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue
941 subroutine, but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl
942 think you meant to return only one value. You probably meant to
943 write parentheses around the call to the subroutine, which tell
944 Perl that the call should be in list context.
945 Can't stat script "%s"
947 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you
948 have it open already. Bizarre.
949 Can't swap uid and euid
951 (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid
952 emulator of suidperl.
953 Can't take log of %g
955 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
956 negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
957 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for the
958 negative numbers.
959 Can't take sqrt of %g
961 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
962 negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
963 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
964 Can't undef active subroutine
966 (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You
967 can, however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even
968 undef the redefined subroutine while the old routine is running.
969 Go figure.
970 Can't unshift
972 (F) You tried to unshift an "unreal" array that can't be unshifted,
973 such as the main Perl stack.
974 Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d
976 (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making
977 it into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types
978 are so specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted.
979 This message indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
980 Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup
982 (F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a
983 symbol table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become
984 anonymous for example by undefining stashes: "undef
985 %Some::Package::".
986 Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
988 (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference
989 must be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious
990 errors.
991 Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
993 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
994 references are disallowed. See perlref.
995 Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available
997 (F) The first time the %! hash is used, perl automatically loads
998 the Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %!
999 hash to provide symbolic names for $! errno values.
1000 Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s
1002 (F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-
1003 endian byte-order at the same time, so this combination of
1004 modifiers is not allowed. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1005 Can't use %s for loop variable
1007 (F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on
1008 a foreach.
1009 Can't use global %s in "%s"
1011 (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable.
1012 This is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one
1013 location (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly
1014 confusing to have variables in your program that looked like
1015 magical variables but weren't.
1016 Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s
1018 (F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type that is
1019 already inside a group with a byte-order modifier. For example you
1020 cannot force little-endianness on a type that is inside a big-
1021 endian group.
1022 Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
1024 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort
1025 comparisons. You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or
1026 cmp operator, and the variable had earlier been declared as a
1027 lexical variable. Either qualify the sort variable with the
1028 package name, or rename the lexical variable.
1029 Can't use %s ref as %s ref
1031 (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference
1032 a reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
1033 test the type of the reference, if need be.
1034 Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1036 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1037 references are disallowed. See perlref.
1038 Can't use subscript on %s
1040 (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
1041 subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
1042 didn't look like a hash or array reference, or anything else
1043 subscriptable.
1044 Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression
1046 (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator
1047 that creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to
1048 indicate a backreference to a matched substring is valid only as
1049 part of a regular expression pattern. Trying to do this in
1050 ordinary Perl code produces a value that prints out looking like
1051 SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form instead.
1052 Can't use "when" outside a topicalizer
1054 (F) You have used a when() block that is neither inside a "foreach"
1055 loop nor a "given" block. (Note that this error is issued on exit
1056 from the "when" block, so you won't get the error if the match
1057 fails, or if you use an explicit "continue".)
1058 Can't weaken a nonreference
1060 (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference.
1061 Only references can be weakened.
1062 Can't x= to read-only value
1064 (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined
1065 value) with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the
1066 value itself. Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary,
1067 and repeat that.
1068 Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack
1070 (W pack) You said
1071 pack("C", $x)
1073 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the "C" format is
1075 only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII,
1076 EBCDIC, and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved
1077 as if you meant
1078 pack("C", $x & 255)
1080 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the "U" format
1082 instead.
1083 Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack
1085 (W pack) You said
1086 pack("U0W", $x)
1088 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255. However, "U0"-mode
1090 expects all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so Perl
1091 behaved as if you meant:
1092 pack("U0W", $x & 255)
1094 Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack
1096 (W pack) You said
1097 pack("c", $x)
1099 where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the "c" format
1101 is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII,
1102 EBCDIC, and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved
1103 as if you meant
1104 pack("c", $x & 255);
1106 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the "U" format
1108 instead.
1109 Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1111 (W unpack) You tried something like
1112 unpack("H", "\x{2a1}")
1114 where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a
1116 value below 256), but a higher value was provided instead. Perl
1117 uses the value modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1118 unpack("H", "\x{a1}")
1120 Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack
1122 (W pack) You tried something like
1123 pack("u", "\x{1f3}b")
1125 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character
1127 with a value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher
1128 value. Perl uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if
1129 you had provided:
1130 pack("u", "\x{f3}b")
1132 Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1134 (W unpack) You tried something like
1135 unpack("s", "\x{1f3}b")
1137 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character
1139 with a value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher
1140 value. Perl uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if
1141 you had provided:
1142 unpack("s", "\x{f3}b")
1144 close() on unopened filehandle %s
1146 (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
1147 closedir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
1149 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to close is either closed or not
1150 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
1151 Code missing after '/'
1153 (F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be
1154 another template code following the slash. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1155 %s: Command not found
1157 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
1158 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
1159 yourself.
1160 Compilation failed in require
1162 (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a "require"
1163 statement. Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors
1164 that it encountered were severe enough to halt compilation
1165 immediately.
1166 Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
1168 (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex
1169 situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is
1170 limited to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack
1171 cannot grow arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are
1172 handled without recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try
1173 shortening the string under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g.
1174 with "while") rather than in the regular expression engine; or
1175 rewriting the regular expression so that it is simpler or
1176 backtracks less. (See perlfaq2 for information on Mastering
1177 Regular Expressions.)
1178 cond_broadcast() called on unlocked variable
1180 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call
1181 cond_broadcast() on a variable which wasn't locked. The
1182 cond_broadcast() function is used to wake up another thread that
1183 is waiting in a cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent
1184 before the other thread has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual
1185 for the signaling thread to first wait for a lock on variable. This
1186 lock attempt will only succeed after the other thread has entered
1187 cond_wait() and thus relinquished the lock.
1188 cond_signal() called on unlocked variable
1190 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call
1191 cond_signal() on a variable which wasn't locked. The cond_signal()
1192 function is used to wake up another thread that is waiting in a
1193 cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent before the other
1194 thread has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual for the
1195 signaling thread to first wait for a lock on variable. This lock
1196 attempt will only succeed after the other thread has entered
1197 cond_wait() and thus relinquished the lock.
1198 connect() on closed socket %s
1200 (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you
1201 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1202 "connect" in perlfunc.
1203 Constant(%s)%s: %s
1205 (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to
1206 define an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character
1207 name specified in the "\N{...}" escape. Perhaps you forgot to load
1208 the corresponding "overload" or "charnames" pragma? See charnames
1209 and overload.
1210 Constant(%s)%s: %s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1212 (F) The parser found inconsistencies while attempting to find the
1213 character name specified in the "\N{...}" escape. Perhaps you
1214 forgot to load the corresponding "charnames" pragma? See
1215 charnames.
1216 Constant is not %s reference
1218 (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the "use constant"
1219 pragma) is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of
1220 reference. The message indicates the type of reference that was
1221 expected. This usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing
1222 the constant value. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub and
1223 constant.
1224 Constant subroutine %s redefined
1226 (S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible
1227 for inlining. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub for commentary
1228 and workarounds.
1229 Constant subroutine %s undefined
1231 (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been
1232 eligible for inlining. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub for
1233 commentary and workarounds.
1234 Copy method did not return a reference
1236 (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See "Copy Constructor"
1237 in overload.
1238 CORE::%s is not a keyword
1240 (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.
1241 corrupted regexp pointers
1243 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
1244 expression compiler gave it.
1245 corrupted regexp program
1247 (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program
1248 without a valid magic number.
1249 Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx
1251 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal
1252 failure.
1253 Count after length/code in unpack
1255 (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string,
1256 but you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See
1257 "pack" in perlfunc.
1258 Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
1260 (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or
1261 indirectly) 100 times more than it has returned. This probably
1262 indicates an infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange
1263 benchmark programs, in which case it indicates something else.
1264 This threshold can be changed from 100, by recompiling the perl
1266 binary, setting the C pre-processor macro "PERL_SUB_DEPTH_WARN" to
1267 the desired value.
1268 defined(@array) is deprecated
1270 (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on arrays because it
1271 checks for an undefined scalar value. If you want to see if the
1272 array is empty, just use "if (@array) { # not empty }" for example.
1273 defined(%hash) is deprecated
1275 (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on hashes because it
1276 checks for an undefined scalar value. If you want to see if the
1277 hash is empty, just use "if (%hash) { # not empty }" for example.
1278 %s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed
1280 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but in the Module file
1281 there are neither package declarations nor a $VERSION.
1282 Delimiter for here document is too long
1284 (F) In a here document construct like "<<FOO", the label "FOO" is
1285 too long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to
1286 write code that triggers this error.
1287 Deprecated use of my() in false conditional
1289 (D deprecated) You used a declaration similar to "my $x if 0".
1290 There has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical
1291 variable not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration
1292 includes a false conditional. Some people have exploited this bug
1293 to achieve a kind of static variable. Since we intend to fix this
1294 bug, we don't want people relying on this behavior. You can achieve
1295 a similar static effect by declaring the variable in a separate
1296 block outside the function, eg
1297 sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
1299 becomes
1301 { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
1303 Beginning with perl 5.9.4, you can also use "state" variables to
1305 have lexicals that are initialized only once (see feature):
1306 sub f { state $x; return $x++ }
1308 DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s'
1310 (F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which
1311 is just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort
1312 rather than to create a dangling reference.
1313 Did not produce a valid header
1315 See Server error.
1316 %s did not return a true value
1318 (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate
1319 that it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code
1320 correctly. It's traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though
1321 any true value would do. See "require" in perlfunc.
1322 (Did you mean &%s instead?)
1324 (W) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as $FOO or
1325 some such.
1326 (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?)
1328 (W misc) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared global
1329 variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical scope,
1330 which seems superfluous.
1331 (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)
1333 (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or
1334 @hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and
1335 got carried away.
1336 Died
1338 (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of "die """)
1339 or you called it with no args and both $@ and $_ were empty.
1340 Document contains no data
1342 See Server error.
1343 %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed
1345 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not
1346 define a "$VERSION."
1347 '/' does not take a repeat count
1349 (F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/'
1350 code. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1351 Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s'
1353 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
1354 do_study: out of memory
1356 (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
1357 (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
1359 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
1360 message "%s found where operator expected". It often means a
1361 subroutine or module name is being referenced that hasn't been
1362 declared yet. This may be because of ordering problems in your
1363 file, or because of a missing "sub", "package", "require", or "use"
1364 statement. If you're referencing something that isn't defined yet,
1365 you don't actually have to define the subroutine or package before
1366 the current location. You can use an empty "sub foo;" or "package
1367 FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration.
1368 dump() better written as CORE::dump()
1370 (W misc) You used the obsolescent "dump()" built-in function,
1371 without fully qualifying it as "CORE::dump()". Maybe it's a typo.
1372 See "dump" in perlfunc.
1373 dump is not supported
1375 (F) Your machine doesn't support dump/undump.
1376 Duplicate free() ignored
1378 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
1379 already been freed.
1380 Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s
1382 (W) You have applied the same modifier more than once after a type
1383 in a pack template. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1384 elseif should be elsif
1386 (S syntax) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry
1387 thinks it's ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to
1388 call a method named "elseif" for the class returned by the
1389 following block. This is unlikely to be what you want.
1390 Empty %s
1392 (F) "\p" and "\P" are used to introduce a named Unicode property,
1393 as described in perlunicode and perlre. You used "\p" or "\P" in a
1394 regular expression without specifying the property name.
1395 entering effective %s failed
1397 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, switching the real and
1398 effective uids or gids failed.
1399 %ENV is aliased to %s
1401 (F) You're running under taint mode, and the %ENV variable has been
1402 aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of
1403 the program's environment. This is potentially insecure.
1404 Error converting file specification %s
1406 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with
1407 file specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them
1408 to a single form when it must operate on them directly. Either
1409 you've passed an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've
1410 found a case the conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
1411 %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression
1413 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
1414 expression that contains the "(?{ ... })" zero-width assertion,
1415 which is unsafe. See "(?{ code })" in perlre, and perlsec.
1416 %s: Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval'
1418 (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the "(?{
1419 ... })" zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the
1420 pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security
1421 risk, it is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by
1422 explicitly building the pattern from an interpolated string at run
1423 time and using that in an eval(). See "(?{ code })" in perlre.
1424 %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval'
1426 (F) A regular expression contained the "(?{ ... })" zero-width
1427 assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the "use re
1428 'eval'" pragma is in effect. See "(?{ code })" in perlre.
1429 EVAL without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
1431 m/%s/
1432 (F) You used a pattern that nested too many EVAL calls without
1433 consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so that text is
1434 consumed.
1435 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
1437 problem was discovered.
1438 Excessively long <> operator
1440 (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size
1441 of a Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of
1442 filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into
1443 a variable and glob that.
1444 exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system
1446 (F) The "exec" function is not implemented in MacPerl. See
1447 perlport.
1448 Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors
1450 (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
1451 Exiting eval via %s
1453 (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such
1454 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
1455 Exiting format via %s
1457 (W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such
1458 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
1459 Exiting pseudo-block via %s
1461 (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like
1462 a sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a
1463 goto, or a loop control statement. See "sort" in perlfunc.
1464 Exiting subroutine via %s
1466 (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means,
1467 such as a goto, or a loop control statement.
1468 Exiting substitution via %s
1470 (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means,
1471 such as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
1472 Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
1474 (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string.
1475 This has the effect of blessing the reference into the package
1476 main. This is usually not what you want. Consider providing a
1477 default target package, e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');
1478 %s: Expression syntax
1480 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
1481 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
1482 yourself.
1483 %s failed--call queue aborted
1485 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a UNITCHECK,
1486 CHECK, INIT, or END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the
1487 queue of such routines has been prematurely ended.
1488 False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1490 (W regexp) A character class range must start and end at a literal
1491 character, not another character class like "\d" or "[:alpha:]".
1492 The "-" in your false range is interpreted as a literal "-".
1493 Consider quoting the "-", "\-". The <-- HERE shows in the regular
1494 expression about where the problem was discovered. See perlre.
1495 Fatal VMS error at %s, line %d
1497 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS
1498 system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide
1499 more details. The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line
1500 %d" tell you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.
1501 fcntl is not implemented
1503 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is
1504 this, a PDP-11 or something?
1505 FETCHSIZE returned a negative value
1507 (F) A tied array claimed to have a negative number of elements,
1508 which is not possible.
1509 Field too wide in 'u' format in pack
1511 (W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string start with a length
1512 indicator which can't encode values above 63. So there is no point
1513 in asking for a line length bigger than that. Perl will behave as
1514 if you specified "u63" as format.
1515 Filehandle %s opened only for input
1517 (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you
1518 intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it
1519 with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you
1520 intended only to write the file, use ">" or ">>". See "open" in
1521 perlfunc.
1522 Filehandle %s opened only for output
1524 (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing,
1525 If you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to
1526 open it with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing.
1527 If you intended only to read from the file, use "<". See "open" in
1528 perlfunc. Another possibility is that you attempted to open
1529 filedescriptor 0 (also known as STDIN) for output (maybe you closed
1530 STDIN earlier?).
1531 Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input
1533 (W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same
1534 filehandle id as STDOUT or STDERR. This occurred because you closed
1535 STDOUT or STDERR previously.
1536 Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output
1538 (W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same
1539 filehandle id as STDIN. This occurred because you closed STDIN
1540 previously.
1541 Final $ should be \$ or $name
1543 (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant
1544 to be a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable
1545 name that happens to be missing. So you have to put either the
1546 backslash or the name.
1547 flock() on closed filehandle %s
1549 (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself
1550 closed some time before now. Check your control flow. flock()
1551 operates on filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a
1552 dirhandle by the same name?
1553 Format not terminated
1555 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot.
1556 Perl got to the end of your file without finding such a line.
1557 Format %s redefined
1559 (W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
1560 {
1562 no warnings 'redefine';
1563 eval "format NAME =...";
1564 }
1565 Found = in conditional, should be ==
1567 (W syntax) You said
1568 if ($foo = 123)
1570 when you meant
1572 if ($foo == 123)
1574 (or something like that).
1576 %s found where operator expected
1578 (S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an
1579 operator. If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was
1580 expecting to see an operator, it gives you this warning. Usually
1581 it indicates that an operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a
1582 semicolon.
1583 gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
1585 (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
1586 gethostent not implemented
1588 (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(),
1589 probably because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return
1590 every hostname on the Internet.
1591 get%sname() on closed socket %s
1593 (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a
1594 closed socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your
1595 socket() call?
1596 getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
1598 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to "sys$getuai" underlying
1599 the "getpwnam" operator returned an invalid UIC.
1600 getsockopt() on closed socket %s
1602 (W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket.
1603 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
1604 See "getsockopt" in perlfunc.
1605 Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name
1607 (F) You've said "use strict" or "use strict vars", which indicates
1608 that all variables must either be lexically scoped (using "my" or
1609 "state"), declared beforehand using "our", or explicitly qualified
1610 to say which package the global variable is in (using "::").
1611 glob failed (%s)
1613 (W glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for
1614 "glob" and "<*.c>". Usually, this means that you supplied a "glob"
1615 pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a
1616 nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit
1617 resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell)
1618 is broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related
1619 variables in config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer
1620 to it as if it were csh (e.g. "full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'");
1621 otherwise, make them all empty (except that "d_csh" should be
1622 'undef') so that Perl will think csh is missing. In either case,
1623 after editing config.sh, run "./Configure -S" and rebuild Perl.
1624 Glob not terminated
1626 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was
1627 expecting a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle
1628 bracket, and not finding it. Chances are you left some needed
1629 parentheses out earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
1630 than".
1631 Got an error from DosAllocMem
1633 (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an
1634 obsolete version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
1635 goto must have label
1637 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
1638 unspecified destination. See "goto" in perlfunc.
1639 ()-group starts with a count
1641 (F) A ()-group started with a count. A count is supposed to follow
1642 something: a template character or a ()-group.
1643 See "pack" in perlfunc.
1644 %s had compilation errors
1646 (F) The final summary message when a "perl -c" fails.
1647 Had to create %s unexpectedly
1649 (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that
1650 ought to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and
1651 had to be created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
1652 Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s()
1654 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in
1655 some spots. This is now heavily deprecated.
1656 %s has too many errors
1658 (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10
1659 errors. Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
1660 Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable
1662 (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than
1663 2**32-1 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems.
1664 See perlport for more on portability concerns.
1665 Identifier too long
1667 (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.)
1668 to about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for
1669 compound names (like $A::B). You've exceeded Perl's limits.
1670 Future versions of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary
1671 limitations.
1672 Ignoring %s in character class in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1674 (W) Named Unicode character escapes (\N{...}) may return multi-char
1675 or zero length sequences. When such an escape is used in a
1676 character class its behaviour is not well defined. Check that the
1677 correct escape has been used, and the correct charname handler is
1678 in scope.
1679 Illegal binary digit %s
1681 (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.
1682 Illegal binary digit %s ignored
1684 (W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a
1685 binary number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before
1686 the offending digit.
1687 Illegal character %s (carriage return)
1689 (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it
1690 would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this
1691 error when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason,
1692 your version of Perl appears to have been built without this
1693 support. Talk to your Perl administrator.
1694 Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s
1696 (W syntax) An illegal character was found in a prototype
1697 declaration. Legal characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [,
1698 ], &, and \.
1699 Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine
1701 (F) When using the "sub" keyword to construct an anonymous
1702 subroutine, you must always specify a block of code. See perlsub.
1703 Illegal declaration of subroutine %s
1705 (F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See perlsub.
1706 Illegal division by zero
1708 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong
1709 in your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against
1710 meaningless input.
1711 Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored
1713 (W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or
1714 A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the
1715 hexadecimal number stopped before the illegal character.
1716 Illegal modulus zero
1718 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most
1719 numbers don't take to this kindly.
1720 Illegal number of bits in vec
1722 (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a
1723 power of two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that).
1724 Illegal octal digit %s
1726 (F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
1727 Illegal octal digit %s ignored
1729 (W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
1730 Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.
1731 Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s
1733 (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
1734 following switches: -[CDIMUdmtw].
1735 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
1737 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the
1738 CRTL's internal environ array, and encountered an element without
1739 the "=" delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element
1740 is ignored.
1741 Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|
1743 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a
1744 logical name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate
1745 over %ENV, and didn't see the expected delimiter between key and
1746 value, so the line was ignored.
1747 (in cleanup) %s
1749 (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method
1750 raised the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually
1751 called by the system at arbitrary points during execution, and
1752 often a vast number of times, the warning is issued only once for
1753 any number of failures that would otherwise result in the same
1754 message being repeated.
1755 Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the "G_KEEPERR" flag
1757 could also result in this warning. See "G_KEEPERR" in perlcall.
1758 Inconsistent hierarchy during C3 merge of class '%s': merging failed on
1760 parent '%s'
1761 (F) The method resolution order (MRO) of the given class is not
1762 C3-consistent, and you have enabled the C3 MRO for this class. See
1763 the C3 documentation in mro for more information.
1764 In EBCDIC the v-string components cannot exceed 2147483647
1766 (F) An error peculiar to EBCDIC. Internally, v-strings are stored
1767 as Unicode code points, and encoded in EBCDIC as UTF-EBCDIC. The
1768 UTF-EBCDIC encoding is limited to code points no larger than
1769 2147483647 (0x7FFFFFFF).
1770 Infinite recursion in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1772 (F) You used a pattern that references itself without consuming any
1773 input text. You should check the pattern to ensure that recursive
1774 patterns either consume text or fail.
1775 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
1777 problem was discovered.
1778 Initialization of state variables in list context currently forbidden
1780 (F) Currently the implementation of "state" only permits the
1781 initialization of scalar variables in scalar context. Re-write
1782 "state ($a) = 42" as "state $a = 42" to change from list to scalar
1783 context. Constructions such as "state (@a) = foo()" will be
1784 supported in a future perl release.
1785 Insecure dependency in %s
1787 (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't
1788 like. The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running
1789 setuid or setgid, or when you specify -T to turn it on explicitly.
1790 The tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or
1791 indirectly from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your
1792 trust. If any such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you
1793 get this error. See perlsec for more information.
1794 Insecure directory in %s
1796 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
1797 setgid script if $ENV{PATH} contains a directory that is writable
1798 by the world. Also, the PATH must not contain any relative
1799 directory. See perlsec.
1800 Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
1802 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
1803 setgid script if any of $ENV{PATH}, $ENV{IFS}, $ENV{CDPATH},
1804 $ENV{ENV}, $ENV{BASH_ENV} or $ENV{TERM} are derived from data
1805 supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must
1806 set the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See
1807 perlsec.
1808 Integer overflow in %s number
1810 (W overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have
1811 specified either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct()
1812 is too big for your architecture, and has been converted to a
1813 floating point number. On a 32-bit architecture the largest
1814 hexadecimal, octal or binary number representable without overflow
1815 is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or 0b11111111111111111111111111111111
1816 respectively. Note that Perl transparently promotes all numbers to
1817 a floating point representation internally--subject to loss of
1818 precision errors in subsequent operations.
1819 Integer overflow in format string for %s
1821 (F) The indexes and widths specified in the format string of
1822 "printf()" or "sprintf()" are too large. The numbers must not
1823 overflow the size of integers for your architecture.
1824 Integer overflow in version
1826 (F) Some portion of a version initialization is too large for the
1827 size of integers for your architecture. This is not a warning
1828 because there is no rational reason for a version to try and use a
1829 element larger than typically 2**32. This is usually caused by
1830 trying to use some odd mathematical operation as a version, like
1831 100/9.
1832 Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1834 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
1835 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
1836 problem was discovered.
1837 Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
1839 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of
1840 times you've called "fork" and "exec", to determine whether the
1841 current call to "exec" should affect the current script or a
1842 subprocess (see "exec LIST" in perlvms). Somehow, this count has
1843 become scrambled, so Perl is making a guess and treating this
1844 "exec" as a request to terminate the Perl script and execute the
1845 specified command.
1846 Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1848 (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser. The
1849 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem
1850 was discovered.
1851 %s (...) interpreted as function
1853 (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list
1854 operator followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all
1855 the list operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See
1856 "Terms and List Operators (Leftward)" in perlop.
1857 Invalid %s attribute: %s
1859 The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not
1860 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See attributes.
1861 Invalid %s attributes: %s
1863 The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not
1864 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See attributes.
1865 Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
1867 (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion.
1868 See "sprintf" in perlfunc.
1869 Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regex; marked by <-- HERE
1871 in m/%s/
1872 (W regexp) The numeric escape (for example "\xHH") of value < 256
1873 didn't correspond to a single character through the conversion from
1874 the encoding specified by the encoding pragma. The escape was
1875 replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (U+FFFD) instead. The <-- HERE
1876 shows in the regular expression about where the escape was
1877 discovered.
1878 Invalid mro name: '%s'
1880 (F) You tried to "mro::set_mro("classname", "foo")" or "use mro
1881 'foo'", where "foo" is not a valid method resolution order (MRO).
1882 (Currently, the only valid ones are "dfs" and "c3"). See mro.
1883 Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1885 (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum
1886 character greater than the maximum character. One possibility is
1887 that you forgot the "{}" from your ending "\x{}" - "\x" without the
1888 curly braces can go only up to "ff". The <-- HERE shows in the
1889 regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
1890 perlre.
1891 Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator
1893 (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum
1894 character greater than the maximum character. See perlop.
1895 Invalid separator character %s in attribute list
1897 (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the
1898 elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a
1899 parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too
1900 soon. See attributes.
1901 Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s
1903 (W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something
1904 other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a
1905 layer list. If the previous attribute had a parenthesised
1906 parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
1907 Invalid type '%s' in %s
1909 (F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type. See
1910 "pack" in perlfunc. (W) The given character is not a valid pack or
1911 unpack type but used to be silently ignored.
1912 Invalid version format (multiple underscores)
1914 (F) Versions may contain at most a single underscore, which signals
1915 that the version is a beta release. See version for the allowed
1916 version formats.
1917 Invalid version format (underscores before decimal)
1919 (F) Versions may not contain decimals after the optional
1920 underscore. See version for the allowed version formats.
1921 ioctl is not implemented
1923 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is
1924 pretty strange for a machine that supports C.
1925 ioctl() on unopened %s
1927 (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never
1928 opened. Check you control flow and number of arguments.
1929 IO layers (like "%s") unavailable
1931 (F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore
1932 you cannot use IO layers. To have PerlIO Perl must be configured
1933 with 'useperlio'.
1934 IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture
1936 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality,
1937 neither as a system call or an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK).
1938 $* is no longer supported
1940 (S deprecated, syntax) The special variable $*, deprecated in older
1941 perls, has been removed as of 5.9.0 and is no longer supported. In
1942 previous versions of perl the use of $* enabled or disabled multi-
1943 line matching within a string.
1944 Instead of using $* you should use the "/m" (and maybe "/s") regexp
1946 modifiers. (In older versions: when $* was set to a true value then
1947 all regular expressions behaved as if they were written using
1948 "/m".)
1949 $# is no longer supported
1951 (S deprecated, syntax) The special variable $#, deprecated in older
1952 perls, has been removed as of 5.9.3 and is no longer supported. You
1953 should use the printf/sprintf functions instead.
1954 `%s' is not a code reference
1956 (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of
1957 overload::constant needs to be a code reference. Either an
1958 anonymous subroutine, or a reference to a subroutine.
1959 `%s' is not an overloadable type
1961 (W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload
1962 package is unaware of.
1963 junk on end of regexp
1965 (P) The regular expression parser is confused.
1966 Label not found for "last %s"
1968 (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a
1969 loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called
1970 from. See "last" in perlfunc.
1971 Label not found for "next %s"
1973 (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a
1974 loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called
1975 from. See "last" in perlfunc.
1976 Label not found for "redo %s"
1978 (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop
1979 of that name, not even if you count where you were called from.
1980 See "last" in perlfunc.
1981 leaving effective %s failed
1983 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, switching the real and
1984 effective uids or gids failed.
1985 length/code after end of string in unpack
1987 (F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an
1988 unpack length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This
1989 results in an undefined value for the length. See "pack" in
1990 perlfunc.
1991 listen() on closed socket %s
1993 (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you
1994 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1995 "listen" in perlfunc.
1996 Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex m/%s/
1998 (F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which
1999 lookbehind can handle. This restriction may be eased in a future
2000 release.
2001 lstat() on filehandle %s
2003 (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean
2004 by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a
2005 fstat() instead on the filehandle.)
2006 Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet
2008 (F) Due to limitations in the current implementation, array and
2009 hash values cannot be returned in subroutines used in lvalue
2010 context. See "Lvalue subroutines" in perlsub.
2011 Malformed integer in [] in pack
2013 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only
2014 digits are permitted. See "pack" in perlfunc.
2015 Malformed integer in [] in unpack
2017 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only
2018 digits are permitted. See "pack" in perlfunc.
2019 Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
2021 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the
2022 form
2023 prefix1;prefix2
2025 or
2027 prefix1 prefix2
2028 with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If "prefix1" is indeed a prefix
2030 of a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The
2031 error may appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
2032 "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in perlos2.
2033 Malformed prototype for %s: %s
2035 (F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The
2036 syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check
2037 for obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check
2038 is run when the function is called.
2039 Malformed UTF-8 character (%s)
2041 (S utf8) (F) Perl detected a string that didn't comply with UTF-8
2042 encoding rules, even though it had the UTF8 flag on.
2043 One possible cause is that you set the UTF8 flag yourself for data
2045 that you thought to be in UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example
2046 legacy 8-bit data). To guard against this, you can use
2047 Encode::decode_utf8.
2048 If you use the ":encoding(UTF-8)" PerlIO layer for input, invalid
2050 byte sequences are handled gracefully, but if you use ":utf8", the
2051 flag is set without validating the data, possibly resulting in this
2052 error message.
2053 See also "Handling Malformed Data" in Encode.
2055 Malformed UTF-16 surrogate
2057 Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but while
2058 doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
2059 Malformed UTF-8 string in pack
2061 (F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
2062 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
2063 progress.
2064 Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack
2066 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
2067 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
2068 progress.
2069 Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack
2071 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
2072 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
2073 progress.
2074 Maximal count of pending signals (%s) exceeded
2076 (F) Perl aborted due to a too important number of signals pending.
2077 This usually indicates that your operating system tried to deliver
2078 signals too fast (with a very high priority), starving the perl
2079 process from resources it would need to reach a point where it can
2080 process signals safely. (See "Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)" in
2081 perlipc.)
2082 %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2084 (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop
2085 if the regular expression engine didn't specifically check for
2086 that. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
2087 problem was discovered. See perlre.
2088 "%s" may clash with future reserved word
2090 (W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a
2091 perl4 interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned
2092 about is "use" or "my".
2093 % may not be used in pack
2095 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
2096 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other
2097 way. See "unpack" in perlfunc.
2098 Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
2100 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table
2101 that doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See overload.
2102 Method %s not permitted
2104 See Server error.
2105 Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
2107 (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been
2108 caused by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it
2109 eventually ended earlier on the current line.
2110 Misplaced _ in number
2112 (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not
2113 separate two digits.
2114 Missing argument to -%c
2116 (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
2117 immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
2118 Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}
2120 (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal "\N{charname}" within
2121 double-quotish context.
2122 Missing comma after first argument to %s function
2124 (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
2125 "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
2126 Missing command in piped open
2128 (W pipe) You used the "open(FH, "| command")" or "open(FH, "command
2129 |")" construction, but the command was missing or blank.
2130 Missing control char name in \c
2132 (F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required
2133 control character name.
2134 Missing name in "my sub"
2136 (F) The reserved syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires
2137 that they have a name with which they can be found.
2138 Missing $ on loop variable
2140 (F) Apparently you've been programming in csh too much. Variables
2141 are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells,
2142 where it can vary from one line to the next.
2143 (Missing operator before %s?)
2145 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
2146 message "%s found where operator expected". Often the missing
2147 operator is a comma.
2148 Missing right brace on %s
2150 (F) Missing right brace in "\x{...}", "\p{...}" or "\P{...}".
2151 Missing right curly or square bracket
2153 (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than
2154 closing ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the
2155 place you were last editing.
2156 (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
2158 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
2159 message "%s found where operator expected". Don't automatically
2160 put a semicolon on the previous line just because you saw this
2161 message.
2162 Modification of a read-only value attempted
2164 (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
2165 constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler
2166 catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:
2167 sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
2169 mod(2);
2170 Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the
2172 string.
2173 Yet another way is to assign to a "foreach" loop VAR when VAR is
2175 aliased to a constant in the look LIST:
2176 $x = 1;
2178 foreach my $n ($x, 2) {
2179 $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to modify the 2
2180 }
2181 Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s
2183 (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
2184 subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the
2185 array backwards.
2186 Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s
2188 (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it
2189 couldn't be created for some peculiar reason.
2190 Module name must be constant
2192 (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a
2193 "use".
2194 Module name required with -%c option
2196 (F) The "-M" or "-m" options say that Perl should load some module,
2197 but you omitted the name of the module. Consult perlrun for full
2198 details about "-M" and "-m".
2199 More than one argument to open
2201 (F) The "open" function has been asked to open multiple files. This
2202 can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that takes
2203 a list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped open
2204 mode. See "open" in perlfunc for details.
2205 msg%s not implemented
2207 (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
2208 Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
2210 (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like $foo[1,2,3].
2211 They're written like $foo[1][2][3], as in C.
2212 '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack
2214 (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did
2215 not follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value.
2216 See "pack" in perlfunc.
2217 "my sub" not yet implemented
2219 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't
2220 try that yet.
2221 "%s" variable %s can't be in a package
2223 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't
2224 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
2225 front. Use local() if you want to localize a package variable.
2226 Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
2228 (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable
2229 names. If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then
2230 just mention it again somehow to suppress the message. The "our"
2231 declaration is provided for this purpose.
2232 NOTE: This warning detects symbols that have been used only once so
2234 $c, @c, %c, *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or format)
2235 are considered the same; if a program uses $c only once but also
2236 uses any of the others it will not trigger this warning.
2237 Negative '/' count in unpack
2239 (F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation
2240 was negative. See "pack" in perlfunc.
2241 Negative length
2243 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer
2244 length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.
2245 Negative offset to vec in lvalue context
2247 (F) When "vec" is called in an lvalue context, the second argument
2248 must be greater than or equal to zero.
2249 Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2251 (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening
2252 parentheses. So things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The <--
2253 HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
2254 discovered.
2255 Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, "*?", "+?", and "??"
2257 appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See perlre.
2258 %s never introduced
2260 (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went
2261 out of scope before it could possibly have been used.
2262 next::method/next::can/maybe::next::method cannot find enclosing method
2264 (F) "next::method" needs to be called within the context of a real
2265 method in a real package, and it could not find such a context.
2266 See mro.
2267 No %s allowed while running setuid
2269 (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid
2270 or setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking
2271 there will be another way to do what you want that is, if not
2272 secure, at least securable. See perlsec.
2273 No comma allowed after %s
2275 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is
2276 not allowed to have a comma between that and the following
2277 arguments. Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
2278 One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a
2280 constant to your name space with use or import while no such
2281 importing took place, it may for example be that your operating
2282 system does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you did
2283 use an explicit import list for the constants you expect to see,
2284 please see "use" in perlfunc and "import" in perlfunc. While an
2285 explicit import list would probably have caught this error earlier
2286 it naturally does not remedy the fact that your operating system
2287 still does not support that constant. Maybe you have a typo in the
2288 constants of the symbol import list of use or import or in the
2289 constant name at the line where this error was triggered?
2290 No command into which to pipe on command line
2292 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2293 redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it
2294 doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command.
2295 No DB::DB routine defined
2297 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch,
2298 but for some reason the current debugger (e.g. perl5db.pl or a
2299 "Devel::" module) didn't define a routine to be called at the
2300 beginning of each statement.
2301 No dbm on this machine
2303 (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine
2304 should supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See
2305 SDBM_File.
2306 No DB::sub routine defined
2308 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch,
2309 but for some reason the current debugger (e.g. perl5db.pl or a
2310 "Devel::" module) didn't define a "DB::sub" routine to be called at
2311 the beginning of each ordinary subroutine call.
2312 No -e allowed in setuid scripts
2314 (F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user.
2315 No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
2317 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2318 redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but
2319 can't find the name of the file to which to write data destined for
2320 stderr.
2321 No group ending character '%c' found in template
2323 (F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its
2324 matching counterpart. See "pack" in perlfunc.
2325 No input file after < on command line
2327 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2328 redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find
2329 the name of the file from which to read data for stdin.
2330 No #! line
2332 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #!
2333 line even on machines that don't support the #! construct.
2334 No next::method '%s' found for %s
2336 (F) "next::method" found no further instances of this method name
2337 in the remaining packages of the MRO of this class. If you don't
2338 want it throwing an exception, use "maybe::next::method" or
2339 "next::can". See mro.
2340 "no" not allowed in expression
2342 (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time,
2343 and returns no useful value. See perlmod.
2344 No output file after > on command line
2346 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2347 redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line,
2348 so it doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout.
2349 No output file after > or >> on command line
2351 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
2352 redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but
2353 can't find the name of the file to which to write data destined for
2354 stdout.
2355 No package name allowed for variable %s in "our"
2357 (F) Fully qualified variable names are not allowed in "our"
2358 declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under existing
2359 semantics. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions.
2360 No Perl script found in input
2362 (F) You called "perl -x", but no line was found in the file
2363 beginning with #! and containing the word "perl".
2364 No setregid available
2366 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call
2367 for your system.
2368 No setreuid available
2370 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call
2371 for your system.
2372 No %s specified for -%c
2374 (F) The indicated command line switch needs a mandatory argument,
2375 but you haven't specified one.
2376 No such class field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
2378 (F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated
2379 typed variable but that key is not allowed by the package of the
2380 same type. The indicated package has restricted the set of allowed
2381 keys using the fields pragma.
2382 No such class %s
2384 (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state"
2385 declaration, but this class doesn't exist at this point in your
2386 program.
2387 No such hook: %s
2389 (F) You specified a signal hook that was not recognized by Perl.
2390 Currently, Perl accepts "__DIE__" and "__WARN__" as valid signal
2391 hooks
2392 No such pipe open
2394 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose()
2395 tried to close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have
2396 been caught earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
2397 No such signal: SIG%s
2399 (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that
2400 was not recognized. Say "kill -l" in your shell to see the valid
2401 signal names on your system.
2402 Not a CODE reference
2404 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that
2405 is, a subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead.
2406 You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it
2407 really was. See also perlref.
2408 Not a format reference
2410 (F) I'm not sure how you managed to generate a reference to an
2411 anonymous format, but this indicates you did, and that it didn't
2412 exist.
2413 Not a GLOB reference
2415 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that
2416 is, a symbol table entry that looks like *foo), but found a
2417 reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
2418 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
2419 Not a HASH reference
2421 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but
2422 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
2423 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
2424 Not an ARRAY reference
2426 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but
2427 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
2428 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
2429 Not a perl script
2431 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #!
2432 line even on machines that don't support the #! construct. The
2433 line must mention perl.
2434 Not a SCALAR reference
2436 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but
2437 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
2438 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
2439 Not a subroutine reference
2441 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that
2442 is, a subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead.
2443 You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it
2444 really was. See also perlref.
2445 Not a subroutine reference in overload table
2447 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table
2448 that doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See overload.
2449 Not enough arguments for %s
2451 (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
2452 Not enough format arguments
2454 (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next
2455 line supplied. See perlform.
2456 %s: not found
2458 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
2459 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
2460 into Perl yourself.
2461 no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
2463 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local
2464 timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is
2465 equivalent to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name
2466 SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL to translate to the number of seconds
2467 which need to be added to UTC to get local time.
2468 Non-string passed as bitmask
2470 (W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to
2471 select(). Use the vec() function to construct the file descriptor
2472 bitmasks for select. See "select" in perlfunc
2473 Null filename used
2475 (F) You can't require the null filename, especially because on many
2476 machines that means the current directory! See "require" in
2477 perlfunc.
2478 NULL OP IN RUN
2480 (P debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode
2481 pointer.
2482 Null picture in formline
2484 (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
2485 specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
2486 supplied it an uninitialized value. See perlform.
2487 Null realloc
2489 (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
2490 NULL regexp argument
2492 (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.
2493 NULL regexp parameter
2495 (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
2496 Number too long
2498 (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs
2499 to about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future
2500 versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation.
2501 In the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead
2502 of "1_000_000").
2503 Octal number in vector unsupported
2505 (F) Numbers with a leading 0 are not currently allowed in vectors.
2506 The octal number interpretation of such numbers may be supported in
2507 a future version.
2508 Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable
2510 (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
2511 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
2512 perlport for more on portability concerns.
2513 See also perlport for writing portable code.
2515 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant
2517 (W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number
2518 of arguments. The arguments should come in pairs.
2519 Odd number of elements in anonymous hash
2521 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a
2522 hash, which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
2523 Odd number of elements in hash assignment
2525 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a
2526 hash, which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
2527 Offset outside string
2529 (F, W layer) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv/seek operation
2530 with an offset pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to
2531 imagine. The sole exceptions to this are that zero padding will
2532 take place when going past the end of the string when either
2533 "sysread()"ing a file, or when seeking past the end of a scalar
2534 opened for I/O (in anticipation of future reads and to imitate the
2535 behaviour with real files).
2536 %s() on unopened %s
2538 (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that
2539 was never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a
2540 socket() call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
2541 -%s on unopened filehandle %s
2543 (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a
2544 filehandle that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also
2545 "-X" in perlfunc.
2546 oops: oopsAV
2548 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
2549 oops: oopsHV
2551 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
2552 Opening dirhandle %s also as a file
2554 (W io deprecated) You used open() to associate a filehandle to a
2555 symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a dirhandle. Although
2556 legal, this idiom might render your code confusing and is
2557 deprecated.
2558 Opening filehandle %s also as a directory
2560 (W io deprecated) You used opendir() to associate a dirhandle to a
2561 symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a filehandle. Although
2562 legal, this idiom might render your code confusing and is
2563 deprecated.
2564 Operation "%s": no method found, %s
2566 (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for
2567 which no handler was defined. While some handlers can be
2568 autogenerated in terms of other handlers, there is no default
2569 handler for any operation, unless "fallback" overloading key is
2570 specified to be true. See overload.
2571 Operator or semicolon missing before %s
2573 (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the
2574 parser was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you
2575 really meant to use an operator, but this is highly likely to be
2576 incorrect. For example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be
2577 interpreted as if you said "*foo * 'foo'".
2578 "our" variable %s redeclared
2580 (W misc) You seem to have already declared the same global once
2581 before in the current lexical scope.
2582 Out of memory!
2584 (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
2585 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
2586 request. Perl has no option but to exit immediately.
2587 At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing
2589 your process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use "limit" and "limit
2590 datasize n" (where "n" is the number of kilobytes) to check the
2591 current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use "ulimit -a"
2592 and "ulimit -d n", respectively.
2593 Out of memory during %s extend
2595 (X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string
2596 beyond the largest possible memory allocation.
2597 Out of memory during "large" request for %s
2599 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
2600 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
2601 request. However, the request was judged large enough (compile-time
2602 default is 64K), so a possibility to shut down by trapping this
2603 error is granted.
2604 Out of memory during request for %s
2606 (X|F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
2607 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
2608 request.
2609 The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
2611 depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not
2612 trappable. However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the
2613 contents of $^M as an emergency pool after die()ing with this
2614 message. In this case the error is trappable once, and the error
2615 message will include the line and file where the failed request
2616 happened.
2617 Out of memory during ridiculously large request
2619 (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This
2620 error is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program.
2621 e.g., $arr[time] instead of $arr[$time].
2622 Out of memory for yacc stack
2624 (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue
2625 parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
2626 otherwise.
2627 '.' outside of string in pack
2629 (F) The argument to a '.' in your template tried to move the
2630 working position to before the start of the packed string being
2631 built.
2632 '@' outside of string in unpack
2634 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
2635 the string being unpacked. See "pack" in perlfunc.
2636 '@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack
2638 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
2639 the string being unpacked. The string being unpacked was also
2640 invalid UTF-8. See "pack" in perlfunc.
2641 %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
2643 (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a
2644 package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl
2645 itself some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should
2646 use a mixed-case attribute name, instead. See attributes.
2647 pack/unpack repeat count overflow
2649 (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows
2650 your signed integers. See "pack" in perlfunc.
2651 page overflow
2653 (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on
2654 a page. See perlform.
2655 panic: %s
2657 (P) An internal error.
2658 panic: attempt to call %s in %s
2660 (P) One of the file test operators entered a code branch that calls
2661 an ACL related-function, but that function is not available on this
2662 platform. Earlier checks mean that it should not be possible to
2663 enter this branch on this platform.
2664 panic: ck_grep
2666 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
2667 panic: ck_split
2669 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a split.
2670 panic: corrupt saved stack index
2672 (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values
2673 than there are in the savestack.
2674 panic: del_backref
2676 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a
2677 weak reference.
2678 panic: Devel::DProf inconsistent subroutine return
2680 (P) Devel::DProf called a subroutine that exited using goto(LABEL),
2681 last(LABEL) or next(LABEL). Leaving that way a subroutine called
2682 from an XSUB will lead very probably to a crash of the interpreter.
2683 This is a bug that will hopefully one day get fixed.
2684 panic: die %s
2686 (P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then
2687 discovered it wasn't an eval context.
2688 panic: do_subst
2690 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid
2691 operational data.
2692 panic: do_trans_%s
2694 (P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid
2695 operational data.
2696 panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d
2698 (P) While attempting folding constants an exception other than an
2699 "eval" failure was caught.
2700 panic: frexp
2702 (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f")
2703 impossible.
2704 panic: goto
2706 (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified
2707 label, and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a
2708 goto in.
2709 panic: hfreeentries failed to free hash
2711 (P) The internal routine used to clear a hashes entries tried
2712 repeatedly, but each time something added more entries to the hash.
2713 Most likely the hash contains an object with a reference back to
2714 the hash and a destructor that adds a new object to the hash.
2715 panic: INTERPCASEMOD
2717 (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
2718 panic: INTERPCONCAT
2720 (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
2721 panic: kid popen errno read
2723 (F) forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its
2724 errno.
2725 panic: last
2727 (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then
2728 discovered it wasn't a block context.
2729 panic: leave_scope clearsv
2731 (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the
2732 scope.
2733 panic: leave_scope inconsistency
2735 (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
2736 invalid enum on the top of it.
2737 panic: magic_killbackrefs
2739 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all
2740 weak references to an object.
2741 panic: malloc
2743 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
2744 panic: memory wrap
2746 (P) Something tried to allocate more memory than possible.
2747 panic: pad_alloc
2749 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
2750 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2751 panic: pad_free curpad
2753 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
2754 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2755 panic: pad_free po
2757 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
2758 panic: pad_reset curpad
2760 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
2761 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2762 panic: pad_sv po
2764 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
2765 panic: pad_swipe curpad
2767 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
2768 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
2769 panic: pad_swipe po
2771 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
2772 panic: pp_iter
2774 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
2775 panic: pp_match%s
2777 (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid
2778 operational data.
2779 panic: pp_split
2781 (P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split.
2782 panic: realloc
2784 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
2785 panic: restartop
2787 (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it),
2788 and didn't supply the destination.
2789 panic: return
2791 (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context,
2792 and then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
2793 panic: scan_num
2795 (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.
2796 panic: sv_chop %s
2798 (P) The sv_chop() routine was passed a position that is not within
2799 the scalar's string buffer.
2800 panic: sv_insert
2802 (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than
2803 there was string.
2804 panic: top_env
2806 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like
2807 that.
2808 panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called
2810 (P) The compiler is screwed up and attempted to use an op that
2811 isn't permitted at run time.
2812 panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen
2814 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
2815 to even) byte length.
2816 panic: yylex
2818 (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case
2819 modifier.
2820 Pattern subroutine nesting without pos change exceeded limit in regex;
2822 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2823 (F) You used a pattern that uses too many nested subpattern calls
2824 without consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so text is
2825 consumed before the nesting limit is exceeded.
2826 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
2828 problem was discovered.
2829 Parentheses missing around "%s" list
2831 (W parenthesis) You said something like
2832 my $foo, $bar = @_;
2834 when you meant
2836 my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
2838 Remember that "my", "our", "local" and "state" bind tighter than
2840 comma.
2841 "-p" destination: %s
2843 (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the
2844 "-p" command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless
2845 you've redirected it with select().)
2846 (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?)
2848 (F) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message
2849 "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"". It often
2850 means that a method requires a package that has not been loaded.
2851 Perl_my_%s() not available
2853 (F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size, so
2854 it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order
2855 conversion functions. This is only a problem when you're using the
2856 '<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates. See "pack" in
2857 perlfunc.
2858 Perl %s required--this is only version %s, stopped
2860 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
2861 recent than the currently running version. How long has it been
2862 since you upgraded, anyway? See "require" in perlfunc.
2863 PERL_SH_DIR too long
2865 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find
2866 the "sh"-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in perlos2.
2867 PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s"
2869 See "PERL_SIGNALS" in perlrun for legal values.
2870 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
2872 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
2873 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
2875 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
2876 LC_ALL = "En_US",
2877 LANG = (unset)
2878 are supported and installed on your system.
2879 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
2880 Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above
2882 the settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no
2883 value. This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your
2884 operating system supplier and/or system administrator have set up
2885 the so-called locale system but Perl could not use those settings.
2886 This was not dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default locale"
2887 called "C" that Perl can and will use, the script will be run.
2888 Before you really fix the problem, however, you will get the same
2889 error message each time you run Perl. How to really fix the
2890 problem can be found in perllocale section LOCALE PROBLEMS.
2891 Permission denied
2893 (F) The setuid emulator in suidperl decided you were up to no good.
2894 pid %x not a child
2896 (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait
2897 for a process which isn't a subprocess of the current process.
2898 While this is fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what
2899 you intended.
2900 'P' must have an explicit size in unpack
2902 (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*".
2903 -P not allowed for setuid/setgid script
2905 (F) The script would have to be opened by the C preprocessor by
2906 name, which provides a race condition that breaks security.
2907 POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2909 (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The
2910 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem
2911 was discovered. Note that the POSIX character classes do not have
2912 the "is" prefix the corresponding C interfaces have: in other
2913 words, it's "[[:print:]]", not "isprint". See perlre.
2914 POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
2916 (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument,
2917 unlike the BSD version, which takes a pid.
2918 POSIX syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes in regex; marked by
2920 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2921 (W regexp) The character class constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .]
2922 go inside character classes, the [] are part of the construct, for
2923 example: /[012[:alpha:]345]/. Note that [= =] and [. .] are not
2924 currently implemented; they are simply placeholders for future
2925 extensions and will cause fatal errors. The <-- HERE shows in the
2926 regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
2927 perlre.
2928 POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked
2930 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2931 (F regexp) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the
2932 syntax beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for
2933 future extensions. If you need to represent those character
2934 sequences inside a regular expression character class, just quote
2935 the square brackets with the backslash: "\[." and ".\]". The <--
2936 HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
2937 discovered. See perlre.
2938 POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked
2940 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2941 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
2942 beginning with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future
2943 extensions. If you need to represent those character sequences
2944 inside a regular expression character class, just quote the square
2945 brackets with the backslash: "\[=" and "=\]". The <-- HERE shows
2946 in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered.
2947 See perlre.
2948 Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
2950 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with
2951 literal strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are
2952 instead treated as literal data. (You may have used different
2953 delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also
2954 frequently used.)
2955 You probably wrote something like this:
2957 @list = qw(
2959 a # a comment
2960 b # another comment
2961 );
2962 when you should have written this:
2964 @list = qw(
2966 a
2967 b
2968 );
2969 If you really want comments, build your list the old-fashioned way,
2971 with quotes and commas:
2972 @list = (
2974 'a', # a comment
2975 'b', # another comment
2976 );
2977 Possible attempt to separate words with commas
2979 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore
2980 commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used
2981 different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are
2982 also frequently used.)
2983 You probably wrote something like this:
2985 qw! a, b, c !;
2987 which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it
2989 without commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
2990 qw! a b c !;
2992 Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
2994 (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining
2995 for. Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel
2996 byte at the end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got
2997 clobbered, and Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See
2998 "ioctl" in perlfunc.
2999 Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator
3001 (W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in
3002 conjunction with a numeric comparison operator, like this :
3003 if ($x & $y == 0) { ... }
3005 This expression is actually equivalent to "$x & ($y == 0)", due to
3007 the higher precedence of "==". This is probably not what you want.
3008 (If you really meant to write this, disable the warning, or,
3009 better, put the parentheses explicitly and write "$x & ($y == 0)").
3010 Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string
3012 (W ambiguous) You said something like `@foo' in a double-quoted
3013 string but there was no array @foo in scope at the time. If you
3014 wanted a literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out
3015 what happened to the array you apparently lost track of.
3016 pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead
3018 (D deprecated) You have written something like this:
3019 sub doit
3021 {
3022 use attrs qw(locked);
3023 }
3024 You should use the new declaration syntax instead.
3026 sub doit : locked
3028 {
3029 ...
3030 The "use attrs" pragma is now obsolete, and is only provided for
3032 backward-compatibility. See "Subroutine Attributes" in perlsub.
3033 Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
3035 (S precedence) The old irregular construct
3036 open FOO || die;
3038 is now misinterpreted as
3040 open(FOO || die);
3042 because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary
3044 and list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must
3045 put parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator
3046 instead of "||".
3047 Premature end of script headers
3049 See Server error.
3050 printf() on closed filehandle %s
3052 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
3053 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
3054 print() on closed filehandle %s
3056 (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed
3057 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
3058 Process terminated by SIG%s
3060 (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while
3061 *nix applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of
3062 the OS/2 port. One can easily disable this by appropriate
3063 sighandlers, see "Signals" in perlipc. See also "Process
3064 terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT" in perlos2.
3065 Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
3067 (S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had
3068 previously been declared or defined with a different function
3069 prototype.
3070 Prototype not terminated
3072 (F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype
3073 definition.
3074 Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3076 (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash
3077 it if you meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular
3078 expression about where the problem was discovered. See perlre.
3079 Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3081 (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max
3082 values of the {min,max} construct. The <-- HERE shows in the
3083 regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3084 perlre.
3085 Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression; marked by <-- HERE in
3087 m/%s/
3088 (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place
3089 where it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try
3090 putting the quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example,
3091 the way to match "abc" provided that it is followed by three
3092 repetitions of "xyz" is "/abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/", not
3093 "/abc(?=xyz){3}/".
3094 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
3096 problem was discovered.
3097 Range iterator outside integer range
3099 (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator
3100 ".." are outside the range which can be represented by integers
3101 internally. One possible workaround is to force Perl to use
3102 magical string increment by prepending "0" to your numbers.
3103 readdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
3105 (W io) The dirhandle you're reading from is either closed or not
3106 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
3107 readline() on closed filehandle %s
3109 (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed
3110 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
3111 read() on closed filehandle %s
3113 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
3114 read() on unopened filehandle %s
3116 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never
3117 opened.
3118 Reallocation too large: %lx
3120 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
3121 realloc() of freed memory ignored
3123 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that
3124 had already been freed.
3125 Recompile perl with -DDEBUGGING to use -D switch
3127 (F debugging) You can't use the -D option unless the code to
3128 produce the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails
3129 some overhead, which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
3130 Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
3132 (F) While calculating the method resolution order (MRO) of a
3133 package, Perl believes it found an infinite loop in the @ISA
3134 hierarchy. This is a crude check that bails out after 100 levels
3135 of @ISA depth.
3136 Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method %s
3138 (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were encountered while
3139 invoking a method. Probably indicates an unintended loop in your
3140 inheritance hierarchy.
3141 Reference found where even-sized list expected
3143 (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a
3144 list with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash).
3145 This usually means that you used the anon hash constructor when you
3146 meant to use parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value pairs.
3147 %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG
3149 %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG
3150 %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right
3151 %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
3152 Reference is already weak
3154 (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already
3155 weak. Doing so has no effect.
3156 Reference miscount in sv_replace()
3158 (W internal) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV
3159 with a reference count of other than 1.
3160 Reference to invalid group 0
3162 (F) You used "\g0" or similar in a regular expression. You may
3163 refer to capturing parentheses only with strictly positive integers
3164 (normal backreferences) or with strictly negative integers
3165 (relative backreferences), but using 0 does not make sense.
3166 Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3168 (F) You used something like "\7" in your regular expression, but
3169 there are not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the
3170 expression. If you wanted to have the character with value 7
3171 inserted into the regular expression, prepend a zero to make the
3172 number at least two digits: "\07"
3173 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
3175 problem was discovered.
3176 Reference to nonexistent or unclosed group in regex; marked by <-- HERE
3178 in m/%s/
3179 (F) You used something like "\g{-7}" in your regular expression,
3180 but there are not at least seven sets of closed capturing
3181 parentheses in the expression before where the "\g{-7}" was
3182 located.
3183 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
3185 problem was discovered.
3186 Reference to nonexistent named group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
3188 m/%s/
3189 (F) You used something like "\k'NAME'" or "\k<NAME>" in your
3190 regular expression, but there is no corresponding named capturing
3191 parentheses such as "(?'NAME'...)" or "(?<NAME"...). Check if the
3192 name has been spelled correctly both in the backreference and the
3193 declaration.
3194 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
3196 problem was discovered.
3197 (?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
3199 m/%s/
3200 (F) You used something like "(?(DEFINE)...|..)" which is illegal.
3201 The most likely cause of this error is that you left out a
3202 parenthesis inside of the "...." part.
3203 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
3205 problem was discovered.
3206 regexp memory corruption
3208 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
3209 expression compiler gave it.
3210 Regexp out of space
3212 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught
3213 it earlier.
3214 Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @# incompatible)
3216 (F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a
3217 numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never
3218 terminates. You might use ^# instead. See perlform.
3219 Reversed %s= operator
3221 (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The =
3222 must always comes last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary
3223 operators.
3224 rewinddir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
3226 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to do a rewinddir() on is either
3227 closed or not really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
3228 Runaway format
3230 (F) Your format contained the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence, but
3231 it produced 200 lines at once, and the 200th line looked exactly
3232 like the 199th line. Apparently you didn't arrange for the
3233 arguments to exhaust themselves, either by using ^ instead of @
3234 (for scalar variables), or by shifting or popping (for array
3235 variables). See perlform.
3236 Scalars leaked: %d
3238 (P) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of scalars:
3239 not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl exited.
3240 What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of course
3241 bad, especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-running.
3242 Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
3244 (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a
3245 single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a
3246 scalar value (indicated by $). The difference is that $foo[&bar]
3247 always behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when
3248 evaluating its argument, while @foo[&bar] behaves like a list when
3249 you assign to it, and provides a list context to its subscript,
3250 which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
3251 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
3253 element as a list, you need to look into how references work,
3254 because Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists
3255 for you. See perlref.
3256 Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
3258 (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a
3259 single element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a
3260 scalar value (indicated by $). The difference is that $foo{&bar}
3261 always behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when
3262 evaluating its argument, while @foo{&bar} behaves like a list when
3263 you assign to it, and provides a list context to its subscript,
3264 which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
3265 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash
3267 element as a list, you need to look into how references work,
3268 because Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists
3269 for you. See perlref.
3270 Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl
3272 (F) Oddly, the suidperl program was invoked on a script without a
3273 setuid or setgid bit set. This doesn't make much sense.
3274 Search pattern not terminated
3276 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
3277 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
3278 level. Missing the leading "$" from a variable $m may cause this
3279 error.
3280 Note that since Perl 5.9.0 a // can also be the defined-or
3282 construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code
3283 written in Perl 5.9.0 or later that uses the // as the defined-or
3284 can be misparsed by pre-5.9.0 Perls as a non-terminated search
3285 pattern.
3286 Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search
3288 pattern
3289 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a "?PATTERN?"
3290 construct.
3291 The question mark is also used as part of the ternary operator (as
3293 in "foo ? 0 : 1") leading to some ambiguous constructions being
3294 wrongly parsed. One way to disambiguate the parsing is to put
3295 parentheses around the conditional expression, i.e. "(foo) ? 0 :
3296 1".
3297 %sseek() on unopened filehandle
3299 (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a
3300 filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
3301 seekdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
3303 (W io) The dirhandle you are doing a seekdir() on is either closed
3304 or not really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
3305 select not implemented
3307 (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
3308 Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported
3310 (F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in the
3311 current implementation.
3312 Semicolon seems to be missing
3314 (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a
3315 missing semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as
3316 a comma.
3317 semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
3319 (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate
3320 a scalar that had previously been marked as free.
3321 sem%s not implemented
3323 (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
3324 send() on closed socket %s
3326 (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime
3327 before now. Check your control flow.
3328 Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3330 (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?. The
3331 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem
3332 was discovered. See perlre.
3333 Sequence (?%s...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3335 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character
3336 reserved but has not yet been written. The <-- HERE shows in the
3337 regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3338 perlre.
3339 Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3341 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make
3342 sense. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where
3343 the problem was discovered. See perlre.
3344 Sequence \\%s... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3346 (F) The regular expression expects a mandatory argument following
3347 the escape sequence and this has been omitted or incorrectly
3348 written.
3349 Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3351 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
3352 parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. The <-- HERE
3353 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3354 discovered. See perlre.
3355 Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced in regex; marked by
3357 <-- HERE in m/%s/
3358 (F) If the contents of a (?{...}) clause contains braces, they must
3359 balance for Perl to properly detect the end of the clause. The <--
3360 HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was
3361 discovered. See perlre.
3362 500 Server error
3364 See Server error.
3365 Server error
3367 This is the error message generally seen in a browser window when
3368 trying to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The
3369 actual error text varies widely from server to server. The most
3370 frequently-seen variants are "500 Server error", "Method
3371 (something) not permitted", "Document contains no data", "Premature
3372 end of script headers", and "Did not produce a valid header".
3373 This is a CGI error, not a Perl error.
3375 You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by
3377 the user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the
3378 user account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment
3379 variables (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and
3380 isn't in a location where the CGI server can't find it, basically,
3381 more or less. Please see the following for more information:
3382 http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html
3384 http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html
3385 http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/
3386 You should also look at perlfaq9.
3388 setegid() not implemented
3390 (F) You tried to assign to $), and your operating system doesn't
3391 support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
3392 Configure didn't think so.
3393 seteuid() not implemented
3395 (F) You tried to assign to $>, and your operating system doesn't
3396 support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
3397 Configure didn't think so.
3398 setpgrp can't take arguments
3400 (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no
3401 arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and
3402 process group ID.
3403 setrgid() not implemented
3405 (F) You tried to assign to $(, and your operating system doesn't
3406 support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
3407 Configure didn't think so.
3408 setruid() not implemented
3410 (F) You tried to assign to $<, and your operating system doesn't
3411 support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
3412 Configure didn't think so.
3413 setsockopt() on closed socket %s
3415 (W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket.
3416 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
3417 See "setsockopt" in perlfunc.
3418 Setuid/gid script is writable by world
3420 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is writable by the
3421 world, because the world might have written on it already.
3422 Setuid script not plain file
3424 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that isn't read from a
3425 file, but from a socket, a pipe or another device.
3426 shm%s not implemented
3428 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
3429 !=~ should be !~
3431 (W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~. !=~ will be
3432 interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement)
3433 operators: probably not what you intended.
3434 <> should be quotes
3436 (F) You wrote "require <file>" when you should have written
3437 "require 'file'".
3438 /%s/ should probably be written as "%s"
3440 (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a
3441 string, as in the first argument to "join". Perl will treat the
3442 true or false result of matching the pattern against $_ as the
3443 string, which is probably not what you had in mind.
3444 shutdown() on closed socket %s
3446 (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a
3447 bit superfluous.
3448 SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
3450 (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact,
3451 exist. Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?
3452 Smart matching a non-overloaded object breaks encapsulation
3454 (F) You should not use the "~~" operator on an object that does not
3455 overload it: Perl refuses to use the object's underlying structure
3456 for the smart match.
3457 sort is now a reserved word
3459 (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into
3460 anymore. But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it
3461 as a filehandle.
3462 Sort subroutine didn't return a numeric value
3464 (F) A sort comparison routine must return a number. You probably
3465 blew it by not using "<=>" or "cmp", or by not using them
3466 correctly. See "sort" in perlfunc.
3467 Sort subroutine didn't return single value
3469 (F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list value with
3470 more or less than one element. See "sort" in perlfunc.
3471 splice() offset past end of array
3473 (W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end
3474 of the array passed to splice(). Splicing will instead commence at
3475 the end of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you
3476 want, try explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array =
3477 $offset. See "splice" in perlfunc.
3478 Split loop
3480 (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split
3481 shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input,
3482 which is what happened.) See "split" in perlfunc.
3483 Statement unlikely to be reached
3485 (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than
3486 a die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never
3487 returns unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use
3488 system() instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put
3489 the exec() in a block by itself.
3490 stat() on unopened filehandle %s
3492 (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle
3493 that was either never opened or has since been closed.
3494 Stub found while resolving method "%s" overloading "%s"
3496 (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by
3497 importation stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but
3498 explicit calls to "can" may break this.
3499 Subroutine %s redefined
3501 (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning,
3502 say
3503 {
3505 no warnings 'redefine';
3506 eval "sub name { ... }";
3507 }
3508 Substitution loop
3510 (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a
3511 substitution shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters
3512 of input, which is what happened.) See the discussion of
3513 substitution in "Regexp Quote-Like Operators" in perlop.
3514 Substitution pattern not terminated
3516 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or
3517 s{}{} construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
3518 level. Missing the leading "$" from variable $s may cause this
3519 error.
3520 Substitution replacement not terminated
3522 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
3523 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
3524 level. Missing the leading "$" from variable $s may cause this
3525 error.
3526 substr outside of string
3528 (W substr),(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed
3529 outside of a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was
3530 larger than the length of the string. See "substr" in perlfunc.
3531 This warning is fatal if substr is used in an lvalue context (as
3532 the left hand side of an assignment or as a subroutine argument for
3533 example).
3534 suidperl is no longer needed since %s
3536 (F) Your Perl was compiled with -DSETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW,
3537 but a version of the setuid emulator somehow got run anyway.
3538 sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d
3540 (P) Perl tried to force the upgrade an SV to a type which was
3541 actually inferior to its current type.
3542 Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by
3544 <-- HERE in m/%s/
3545 (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at
3546 most two branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want
3547 one or both to contain alternation, such as using
3548 "this|that|other", enclose it in clustering parentheses:
3549 (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause)
3551 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
3553 problem was discovered. See perlre.
3554 Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3556 (F) If the argument to the (?(...)if-clause|else-clause) construct
3557 is a number, it can be only a number. The <-- HERE shows in the
3558 regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See
3559 perlre.
3560 switching effective %s is not implemented
3562 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, we cannot switch the
3563 real and effective uids or gids.
3564 %s syntax
3566 (F) The final summary message when a "perl -c" succeeds.
3567 syntax error
3569 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
3570 A keyword is misspelled.
3572 A semicolon is missing.
3573 A comma is missing.
3574 An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
3575 An opening or closing brace is missing.
3576 A closing quote is missing.
3577 Often there will be another error message associated with the
3579 syntax error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn
3580 on -w.) The error message itself often tells you where it was in
3581 the line when it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is
3582 several tokens before this, because Perl is good at understanding
3583 random input. Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and
3584 once in a blue moon the only way to figure out what's triggering
3585 the error is to call "perl -c" repeatedly, chopping away half the
3586 program each time to see if the error went away. Sort of the
3587 cybernetic version of 20 questions.
3588 syntax error at line %d: `%s' unexpected
3590 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
3591 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
3592 into Perl yourself.
3593 syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s"
3595 (F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through
3596 a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use
3597 strict" or "my $var" or "our $var".
3598 sysread() on closed filehandle %s
3600 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
3601 sysread() on unopened filehandle %s
3603 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never
3604 opened.
3605 System V %s is not implemented on this machine
3607 (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem",
3608 "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your
3609 machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be
3610 unconfigured. Consult your system support.
3611 syswrite() on closed filehandle %s
3613 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
3614 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
3615 "-T" and "-B" not implemented on filehandles
3617 (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it
3618 doesn't know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a
3619 filename instead.
3620 Target of goto is too deeply nested
3622 (F) You tried to use "goto" to reach a label that was too deeply
3623 nested for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
3624 tell() on unopened filehandle
3626 (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle
3627 that was either never opened or has since been closed.
3628 telldir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
3630 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to telldir() is either closed or not
3631 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
3632 That use of $[ is unsupported
3634 (F) Assignment to $[ is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted
3635 as a compiler directive. You may say only one of
3636 $[ = 0;
3638 $[ = 1;
3639 ...
3640 local $[ = 0;
3641 local $[ = 1;
3642 ...
3643 This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array
3645 base out from under another module inadvertently. See "$[" in
3646 perlvar.
3647 The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia
3649 (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
3650 probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because
3651 they think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least
3652 that they will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me
3653 on that, I will deny it.
3654 The %s function is unimplemented
3656 The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture,
3657 according to the probings of Configure.
3658 The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat
3660 (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic
3661 linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already
3662 went past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual
3663 filename instead.
3664 The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables
3666 (F) This attribute was never supported on "my" or "sub"
3667 declarations.
3668 This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
3670 This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
3671 (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or
3672 delete an element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your
3673 copy of Perl wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv()
3674 function. You'll need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or
3675 redefine PERL_ENV_TABLES (see perlvms) so that the environ array
3676 isn't the target of the change to %ENV which produced the warning.
3677 thread failed to start: %s
3679 (W threads)(S) The entry point function of threads->create() failed
3680 for some reason.
3681 times not implemented
3683 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I
3684 suspect you're not running on Unix.
3685 "-T" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line
3687 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
3688 -T option, but Perl was not invoked with -T in its command line.
3689 This is an error because, by the time Perl discovers a -T in a
3690 script, it's too late to properly taint everything from the
3691 environment. So Perl gives up.
3692 If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
3694 mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be
3695 fixed by editing the #! line so that the -T option is a part of
3696 Perl's first argument: e.g. change "perl -n -T" to "perl -T -n".
3697 If the Perl script is being executed as "perl scriptname", then the
3699 -T option must appear on the command line: "perl -T scriptname".
3700 To%s: illegal mapping '%s'
3702 (F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst,
3703 uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you
3704 specified an illegal mapping. See "User-Defined Character
3705 Properties" in perlunicode.
3706 Too deeply nested ()-groups
3708 (F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep
3709 nesting level.
3710 Too few args to syscall
3712 (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify
3713 the system call to call, silly dilly.
3714 Too late for "-%s" option
3716 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
3717 -M, -m or -C option.
3718 In the case of -M and -m, this is an error because those options
3720 are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the "use" pragma
3721 instead.
3722 The -C option only works if it is specified on the command line as
3724 well (with the same sequence of letters or numbers following).
3725 Either specify this option on the command line, or, if your system
3726 supports it, make your script executable and run it directly
3727 instead of passing it to perl.
3728 Too late to run %s block
3730 (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time
3731 proper, when the opportunity to run them has already passed.
3732 Perhaps you are loading a file with "require" or "do" when you
3733 should be using "use" instead. Or perhaps you should put the
3734 "require" or "do" inside a BEGIN block.
3735 Too many args to syscall
3737 (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().
3738 Too many arguments for %s
3740 (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
3741 Too many )'s
3743 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
3744 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
3745 yourself.
3746 Too many ('s
3748 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
3749 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
3750 yourself.
3751 Trailing \ in regex m/%s/
3753 (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.
3754 Backslash it. See perlre.
3755 Transliteration pattern not terminated
3757 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or
3758 tr[][] or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading "$" from
3759 variables $tr or $y may cause this error.
3760 Transliteration replacement not terminated
3762 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][],
3763 y/// or y[][] construct.
3764 '%s' trapped by operation mask
3766 (F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which
3767 it's disallowed. See Safe.
3768 truncate not implemented
3770 (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
3771 Configure knows about.
3772 Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
3774 (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
3775 certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or "@{EXPR}". Hashes must be
3776 %NAME or "%{EXPR}". No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
3777 {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See perlref.
3778 umask not implemented
3780 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried
3781 to use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700).
3782 Unable to create sub named "%s"
3784 (F) You attempted to create or access a subroutine with an illegal
3785 name.
3786 Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
3788 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
3789 how many execution contexts were entered and left.
3790 Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
3792 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
3793 how many values were temporarily localized.
3794 Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
3796 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
3797 how many blocks were entered and left.
3798 Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
3800 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
3801 how many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.
3802 Undefined format "%s" called
3804 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's
3805 really in another package? See perlform.
3806 Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
3808 (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist.
3809 Perhaps it's in a different package? See "sort" in perlfunc.
3810 Undefined subroutine &%s called
3812 (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it
3813 has since been undefined.
3814 Undefined subroutine called
3816 (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been
3817 defined, or if it was, it has since been undefined.
3818 Undefined subroutine in sort
3820 (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't
3821 seem to have been defined yet. See "sort" in perlfunc.
3822 Undefined top format "%s" called
3824 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's
3825 really in another package? See perlform.
3826 Undefined value assigned to typeglob
3828 (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la "*foo
3829 = undef". This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean
3830 "undef *foo".
3831 %s: Undefined variable
3833 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
3834 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
3835 yourself.
3836 unexec of %s into %s failed!
3838 (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local
3839 FSF representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
3840 Unicode character %s is illegal
3842 (W utf8) Certain Unicode characters have been designated off-limits
3843 by the Unicode standard and should not be generated. If you really
3844 know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by "no
3845 warnings 'utf8';".
3846 Unknown BYTEORDER
3848 (F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine with this
3849 byte order.
3850 Unknown open() mode '%s'
3852 (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
3853 of valid modes: "<", ">", ">>", "+<", "+>", "+>>", "-|", "|-",
3854 "<&", ">&".
3855 Unknown PerlIO layer "%s"
3857 (W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the
3858 Perl I/O system. (Layers take care of transforming data between
3859 external and internal representations.) Note that some layers,
3860 such as "mmap", are not supported in all environments. If your
3861 program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be
3862 the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
3863 Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
3865 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV
3866 before iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the
3867 stream of data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps
3868 trying to subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
3869 Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)
3871 You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma.
3872 Unknown switch condition (?(%.2s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3874 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause)
3875 construct is not known. The condition may be lookahead or
3876 lookbehind (the condition is true if the lookahead or lookbehind is
3877 true), a (?{...}) construct (the condition is true if the code
3878 evaluates to a true value), or a number (the condition is true if
3879 the set of capturing parentheses named by the number matched).
3880 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
3882 problem was discovered. See perlre.
3883 Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'
3885 You specified an unknown Unicode option. See perlrun documentation
3886 of the "-C" switch for the list of known options.
3887 Unknown Unicode option value %x
3889 You specified an unknown Unicode option. See perlrun documentation
3890 of the "-C" switch for the list of known options.
3891 Unknown warnings category '%s'
3893 (F) An error issued by the "warnings" pragma. You specified a
3894 warnings category that is unknown to perl at this point.
3895 Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a
3897 module (e.g. "use warnings 'File::Find'"), you must have imported
3898 this module
3899 Unknown verb pattern '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3901 (F) You either made a typo or have incorrectly put a "*" quantifier
3902 after an open brace in your pattern. Check the pattern and review
3903 perlre for details on legal verb patterns.
3904 first.
3906 unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3908 (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish
3909 to include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or
3910 put it first. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about
3911 where the problem was discovered. See perlre.
3912 unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3914 (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
3915 expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for finding
3916 the matching parenthesis. The <-- HERE shows in the regular
3917 expression about where the problem was discovered. See perlre.
3918 Unmatched right %s bracket
3920 (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than
3921 opening ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening
3922 bracket. As a general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to
3923 speak) near the place you were last editing.
3924 Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
3926 (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a
3927 reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or
3928 capitalize it somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might
3929 also declare it as a subroutine.
3930 Unrecognized character %s in column %d
3932 (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified
3933 character in your Perl script (or eval) at the specified column.
3934 Perhaps you tried to run a compressed script, a binary program, or
3935 a directory as a Perl program.
3936 Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through in regex;
3938 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3939 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
3940 recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was
3941 understood literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression
3942 about where the escape was discovered.
3943 Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through
3945 (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
3946 recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally.
3947 Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
3949 m/%s/
3950 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
3951 recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally. The
3952 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the escape was
3953 discovered.
3954 Unrecognized signal name "%s"
3956 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not
3957 recognized. Say "kill -l" in your shell to see the valid signal
3958 names on your system.
3959 Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)
3961 (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If
3962 you think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's
3963 supplying the bad switch on your behalf.)
3964 Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
3966 (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that
3967 operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a
3968 newline, PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off. See
3969 "chomp" in perlfunc.
3970 Unsupported directory function "%s" called
3972 (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
3973 Unsupported function %s
3975 (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function,
3976 apparently. At least, Configure doesn't think so.
3977 Unsupported function fork
3979 (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
3980 Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different
3982 flavors of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some
3983 not. Try changing the name you call Perl by to "perl_", "perl__",
3984 and so on.
3985 Unsupported script encoding %s
3987 (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM)
3988 which declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot
3989 read.
3990 Unsupported socket function "%s" called
3992 (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or
3993 at least that's what Configure thought.
3994 Unterminated attribute list
3996 (F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the
3997 start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a
3998 block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous
3999 attribute too soon. See attributes.
4000 Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list
4002 (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while
4003 parsing an attribute list, but the matching closing (right)
4004 parenthesis character was not found. You may need to add (or
4005 remove) a backslash character to get your parentheses to balance.
4006 See attributes.
4007 Unterminated compressed integer
4009 (F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER
4010 compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer.
4011 See "pack" in perlfunc.
4012 Unterminated verb pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4014 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*VERB)" but did not terminate
4015 the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
4016 Unterminated verb pattern argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
4018 m/%s/
4019 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*VERB:ARG)" but did not
4020 terminate the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
4021 Unterminated \g{...} pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4023 (F) You missed a close brace on a \g{..} pattern (group reference)
4024 in a regular expression. Fix the pattern and retry.
4025 Unterminated <> operator
4027 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was
4028 expecting a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle
4029 bracket, and not finding it. Chances are you left some needed
4030 parentheses out earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
4031 than".
4032 untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
4034 (W untie) A copy of the object returned from "tie" (or "tied") was
4035 still valid when "untie" was called.
4036 Usage: POSIX::%s(%s)
4038 (F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments. See
4039 "FUNCTIONS" in POSIX for more information.
4040 Usage: Win32::%s(%s)
4042 (F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments. See
4043 Win32 for more information.
4044 Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
4046 m/%s/
4047 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that
4048 has no meaning unless removed from the entire regexp:
4049 if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... }
4051 must be written as
4053 if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... }
4055 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
4057 problem was discovered. See perlre.
4058 Useless localization of %s
4060 (W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as "local($x=10)" is
4061 legal, but in fact the local() currently has no effect. This may
4062 change at some point in the future, but in the meantime such code
4063 is discouraged.
4064 Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4066 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has
4067 no meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
4068 if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }
4070 must be written as
4072 if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }
4074 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the
4076 problem was discovered. See perlre.
4077 Useless use of %s in void context
4079 (W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that
4080 does nothing with the return value, such as a statement that
4081 doesn't return a value from a block, or the left side of a scalar
4082 comma operator. Very often this points not to stupidity on your
4083 part, but a failure of Perl to parse your program the way you
4084 thought it would. For example, you'd get this if you mixed up your
4085 C precedence with Python precedence and said
4086 $one, $two = 1, 2;
4088 when you meant to say
4090 ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
4092 Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a
4094 list reference when you should be using square or curly brackets,
4095 for example, if you say
4096 $array = (1,2);
4098 when you should have said
4100 $array = [1,2];
4102 The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar
4104 value, while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is
4105 evaluated in a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma
4106 operator, which throws away the left argument, which is not what
4107 you want. See perlref for more on this.
4108 This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0
4110 or 1 since they are often used in statements like
4111 1 while sub_with_side_effects();
4113 String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned
4115 about.
4116 Useless use of "re" pragma
4118 (W) You did "use re;" without any arguments. That isn't very
4119 useful.
4120 Useless use of sort in scalar context
4122 (W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in :
4123 my $x = sort @y;
4125 This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away.
4127 Useless use of %s with no values
4129 (W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no
4130 arguments apart from the array, like "push(@x)" or "unshift(@foo)".
4131 That won't usually have any effect on the array, so is completely
4132 useless. It's possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could
4133 have some effect if the array is tied to a class which implements a
4134 PUSH method. If so, you can write it as "push(@tied_array,())" to
4135 avoid this warning.
4136 "use" not allowed in expression
4138 (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time,
4139 and returns no useful value. See perlmod.
4140 Use of bare << to mean <<"" is deprecated
4142 (D deprecated, W syntax) You are now encouraged to use the
4143 explicitly quoted form if you wish to use an empty line as the
4144 terminator of the here-document.
4145 Use of comma-less variable list is deprecated
4147 (D deprecated, W syntax) The values you give to a format should be
4148 separated by commas, not just aligned on a line.
4149 Use of chdir('') or chdir(undef) as chdir() deprecated
4151 (D deprecated) chdir() with no arguments is documented to change to
4152 $ENV{HOME} or $ENV{LOGDIR}. chdir(undef) and chdir('') share this
4153 behavior, but that has been deprecated. In future versions they
4154 will simply fail.
4155 Be careful to check that what you pass to chdir() is defined and
4157 not blank, else you might find yourself in your home directory.
4158 Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///
4160 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c
4161 modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions.
4162 Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g
4164 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but
4165 didn't use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when
4166 /g is used. (This may change in the future.)
4167 Use of freed value in iteration
4169 (F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop? This
4170 error is typically caused by code like the following:
4171 @a = (3,4);
4173 @a = () for (1,2,@a);
4174 You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated
4176 over. For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not
4177 do full reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such
4178 an item in the middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed
4179 value.
4180 Use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} is deprecated
4182 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the shorter *glob{IO}
4183 form to access the filehandle slot within a typeglob.
4184 Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split
4186 (W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a "split"
4187 operator. Since "split" always tries to match the pattern
4188 repeatedly, the "/g" has no effect.
4189 Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated
4191 (D deprecated, W syntax) It makes a lot of work for the compiler
4192 when you clobber a subroutine's argument list, so it's better if
4193 you assign the results of a split() explicitly to an array (or
4194 list).
4195 Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated
4197 (D deprecated) As an (ahem) accidental feature, "AUTOLOAD"
4198 subroutines are looked up as methods (using the @ISA hierarchy)
4199 even when the subroutines to be autoloaded were called as plain
4200 functions (e.g. "Foo::bar()"), not as methods (e.g. "Foo->bar()"
4201 or "$obj->bar()").
4202 This bug will be rectified in future by using method lookup only
4204 for methods' "AUTOLOAD"s. However, there is a significant base of
4205 existing code that may be using the old behavior. So, as an
4206 interim step, Perl currently issues an optional warning when non-
4207 methods use inherited "AUTOLOAD"s.
4208 The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading
4210 non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that
4211 used to depend on inheriting "AUTOLOAD" for non-methods from a base
4212 class named "BaseClass", execute "*AUTOLOAD =
4213 \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD" during startup.
4214 In code that currently says "use AutoLoader; @ISA =
4216 qw(AutoLoader);" you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change
4217 "use AutoLoader;" to "use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';".
4218 Use of %s in printf format not supported
4220 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible
4221 from only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in
4222 Perl.
4223 Use of %s is deprecated
4225 (D deprecated) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for
4226 use, generally because there's a better way to do it, and also
4227 because the old way has bad side effects.
4228 Use of -l on filehandle %s
4230 (W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened
4231 the file it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying
4232 to look for. The operation returned "undef". Use a filename
4233 instead.
4234 Use of "package" with no arguments is deprecated
4236 (D deprecated) You used the "package" keyword without specifying a
4237 package name. So no namespace is current at all. Using this can
4238 cause many otherwise reasonable constructs to fail in baffling
4239 ways. "use strict;" instead.
4240 Use of reference "%s" as array index
4242 (W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this
4243 probably isn't what you mean, because references in numerical
4244 context tend to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates
4245 programmer error.
4246 If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like
4248 so: $array[0+$ref]. This warning is not given for overloaded
4249 objects, either, because you can overload the numification and
4250 stringification operators and then you assumably know what you are
4251 doing.
4252 Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated
4254 (D deprecated) The indicated bareword is a reserved word. Future
4255 versions of perl may use it as a keyword, so you're better off
4256 either explicitly quoting the word in a manner appropriate for its
4257 context of use, or using a different name altogether. The warning
4258 can be suppressed for subroutine names by either adding a "&"
4259 prefix, or using a package qualifier, e.g. "&our()", or
4260 "Foo::our()".
4261 Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated
4263 (W taint, deprecated) You have supplied "system()" or "exec()" with
4264 multiple arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used
4265 to be allowed but will become a fatal error in a future version of
4266 perl. Untaint your arguments. See perlsec.
4267 Use of uninitialized value%s
4269 (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already
4270 defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a
4271 mistake. To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your
4272 variables.
4273 To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell
4275 you the name of the variable (if any) that was undefined. In some
4276 cases it cannot do this, so it also tells you what operation you
4277 used the undefined value in. Note, however, that perl optimizes
4278 your program and the operation displayed in the warning may not
4279 necessarily appear literally in your program. For example, "that
4280 $foo" is usually optimized into ""that " . $foo", and the warning
4281 will refer to the "concatenation (.)" operator, even though there
4282 is no "." in your program.
4283 Using a hash as a reference is deprecated
4285 (D deprecated) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in
4286 "%foo->{"bar"}" or "%$ref->{"hello"}". Versions of perl <= 5.6.1
4287 used to allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now
4288 deprecated, and will be removed in a future version.
4289 Using an array as a reference is deprecated
4291 (D deprecated) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in
4292 "@foo->[23]" or "@$ref->[99]". Versions of perl <= 5.6.1 used to
4293 allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated, and
4294 will be removed in a future version.
4295 UTF-16 surrogate %s
4297 (W utf8) You tried to generate half of an UTF-16 surrogate by
4298 requesting a Unicode character between the code points 0xD800 and
4299 0xDFFF (inclusive). That range is reserved exclusively for the use
4300 of UTF-16 encoding (by having two 16-bit UCS-2 characters); but
4301 Perl encodes its characters in UTF-8, so what you got is a very
4302 illegal character. If you really know what you are doing you can
4303 turn off this warning by "no warnings 'utf8';".
4304 Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
4306 (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*>
4307 (glob), "each()", or "readdir()" as a boolean value. Each of these
4308 constructs can return a value of "0"; that would make the
4309 conditional expression false, which is probably not what you
4310 intended. When using these constructs in conditional expressions,
4311 test their values with the "defined" operator.
4312 Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long
4314 (W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value
4315 of an %ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant
4316 string longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been
4317 truncated to 1024 characters.
4318 Variable "%s" is not available
4320 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval
4321 is attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently
4322 available. This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the
4323 outer lexical may be declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that
4324 has not yet been created. (Remember that named subs are created at
4325 compile time, while anonymous subs are created at run-time.) For
4326 example,
4327 sub { my $a; sub f { $a } }
4329 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value
4331 of $a, since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet.
4332 Conversely, the following won't give a warning since the anonymous
4333 subroutine has by now been created and is live:
4334 sub { my $a; eval 'sub f { $a }' }->();
4336 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that
4338 has gone out of scope, for example,
4339 sub f {
4341 my $a;
4342 sub { eval '$a' }
4343 }
4344 f()->();
4345 Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not
4347 currently being executed, so its $a is not available for capture.
4348 Variable "%s" is not imported%s
4350 (F) While "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global variable
4351 that you apparently thought was imported from another module,
4352 because something else of the same name (usually a subroutine) is
4353 exported by that module. It usually means you put the wrong funny
4354 character on the front of your variable.
4355 Variable length lookbehind not implemented in m/%s/
4357 (F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is
4358 fixed and known at compile time. See perlre.
4359 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
4361 (W misc) A "my", "our" or "state" variable has been redeclared in
4362 the current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access
4363 to the previous instance. This is almost always a typographical
4364 error. Note that the earlier variable will still exist until the
4365 end of the scope or until all closure referents to it are
4366 destroyed.
4367 Variable syntax
4369 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
4370 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
4371 yourself.
4372 Variable "%s" will not stay shared
4374 (W closure) An inner (nested) named subroutine is referencing a
4375 lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine.
4376 When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of the
4378 outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first*
4379 call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to
4380 the outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines
4381 will no longer share a common value for the variable. In other
4382 words, the variable will no longer be shared.
4383 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
4385 anonymous, using the "sub {}" syntax. When inner anonymous subs
4386 that reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they are
4387 automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.
4388 Verb pattern '%s' has a mandatory argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE
4390 in m/%s/
4391 (F) You used a verb pattern that requires an argument. Supply an
4392 argument or check that you are using the right verb.
4393 Verb pattern '%s' may not have an argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE
4395 in m/%s/
4396 (F) You used a verb pattern that is not allowed an argument. Remove
4397 the argument or check that you are using the right verb.
4398 Version number must be a constant number
4400 (P) The attempt to translate a "use Module n.n LIST" statement into
4401 its equivalent "BEGIN" block found an internal inconsistency with
4402 the version number.
4403 Version string '%s' contains invalid data; ignoring: '%s'
4405 (W misc) The version string contains invalid characters at the end,
4406 which are being ignored.
4407 Warning: something's wrong
4409 (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of "warn """)
4410 or you called it with no args and $@ was empty.
4411 Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
4413 (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication
4414 on the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of
4415 disk space.
4416 Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
4418 (S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that
4419 looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted
4420 as a term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the
4421 rand function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
4422 rand + 5;
4424 you may THINK you wrote the same thing as
4426 rand() + 5;
4428 but in actual fact, you got
4430 rand(+5);
4432 So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
4434 Wide character in %s
4436 (S utf8) Perl met a wide character (>255) when it wasn't expecting
4437 one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print). The
4438 easiest way to quiet this warning is simply to add the ":utf8"
4439 layer to the output, e.g. "binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'". Another way
4440 to turn off the warning is to add "no warnings 'utf8';" but that is
4441 often closer to cheating. In general, you are supposed to
4442 explicitly mark the filehandle with an encoding, see open and
4443 "binmode" in perlfunc.
4444 Within []-length '%c' not allowed
4446 (F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by
4447 "[TEMPLATE]" only if "TEMPLATE" always matches the same amount of
4448 packed bytes that can be determined from the template alone. This
4449 is not possible if it contains an of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a
4450 *-length. Redesign the template.
4451 write() on closed filehandle %s
4453 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
4454 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
4455 %s "\x%s" does not map to Unicode
4457 When reading in different encodings Perl tries to map everything
4458 into Unicode characters. The bytes you read in are not legal in
4459 this encoding, for example
4460 utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode
4462 if you try to read in the a-diaereses Latin-1 as UTF-8.
4464 'X' outside of string
4466 (F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position
4467 before the beginning of the string being (un)packed. See "pack" in
4468 perlfunc.
4469 'x' outside of string in unpack
4471 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position
4472 after the end of the string being unpacked. See "pack" in
4473 perlfunc.
4474 YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
4476 (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have
4477 the sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a
4478 rip about what you want. Your best bet is to put a setuid C
4479 wrapper around your script.
4480 You need to quote "%s"
4482 (W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.
4483 Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared,
4484 which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the
4485 assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If
4486 it IS what you want, put an & in front.)
4487 Your random numbers are not that random
4489 (F) When trying to initialise the random seed for hashes, Perl
4490 could not get any randomness out of your system. This usually
4491 indicates Something Very Wrong.
4492
4494 warnings, perllexwarn.
4495perl v5.10.1 2009-07-26 PERLDIAG(1)