1<stdlib.h>(0P) POSIX Programmer's Manual <stdlib.h>(0P)
2
6 stdlib.h - standard library definitions
7
9 #include <stdlib.h>
10
12 Some of the functionality described on this reference page extends the
13 ISO C standard. Applications shall define the appropriate feature test
14 macro (see the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Sec‐
15 tion 2.2, The Compilation Environment) to enable the visibility of
16 these symbols in this header.
17 The <stdlib.h> header shall define the following macros:
19 EXIT_FAILURE
21 Unsuccessful termination for exit(); evaluates to a non-zero
22 value.
23 EXIT_SUCCESS
25 Successful termination for exit(); evaluates to 0.
26 NULL Null pointer.
28 {RAND_MAX}
30 Maximum value returned by rand(); at least 32767.
31 {MB_CUR_MAX}
33 Integer expression whose value is the maximum number of bytes in
34 a character specified by the current locale.
35 The following data types shall be defined through typedef:
38 div_t Structure type returned by the div() function.
40 ldiv_t Structure type returned by the ldiv() function.
42 lldiv_t
44 Structure type returned by the lldiv() function.
45 size_t As described in <stddef.h> .
47 wchar_t
49 As described in <stddef.h> .
50 In addition, the following symbolic names and macros shall be defined
53 as in <sys/wait.h>, for use in decoding the return value from system():
54 WNOHANG
56 WUNTRACED
57 WEXITSTATUS
58 WIFEXITED
59 WIFSIGNALED
60 WIFSTOPPED
61 WSTOPSIG
62 WTERMSIG
63 The following shall be declared as functions and may also be defined as
66 macros. Function prototypes shall be provided.
67 void _Exit(int);
70 long a64l(const char *);
72 void abort(void);
74 int abs(int);
75 int atexit(void (*)(void));
76 double atof(const char *);
77 int atoi(const char *);
78 long atol(const char *);
79 long long atoll(const char *);
80 void *bsearch(const void *, const void *, size_t, size_t,
81 int (*)(const void *, const void *));
82 void *calloc(size_t, size_t);
83 div_t div(int, int);
84 double drand48(void);
86 char *ecvt(double, int, int *restrict, int *restrict); (LEGACY )
87 double erand48(unsigned short[3]);
88 void exit(int);
90 char *fcvt(double, int, int *restrict, int *restrict); (LEGACY )
92 void free(void *);
94 char *gcvt(double, int, char *); (LEGACY )
96 char *getenv(const char *);
98 int getsubopt(char **, char *const *, char **);
100 int grantpt(int);
101 char *initstate(unsigned, char *, size_t);
102 long jrand48(unsigned short[3]);
103 char *l64a(long);
104 long labs(long);
106 void lcong48(unsigned short[7]);
108 ldiv_t ldiv(long, long);
110 long long llabs(long long);
111 lldiv_t lldiv(long long, long long);
112 long lrand48(void);
114 void *malloc(size_t);
116 int mblen(const char *, size_t);
117 size_t mbstowcs(wchar_t *restrict, const char *restrict, size_t);
118 int mbtowc(wchar_t *restrict, const char *restrict, size_t);
119 char *mktemp(char *); (LEGACY )
121 int mkstemp(char *);
122 long mrand48(void);
123 long nrand48(unsigned short[3]);
124 int posix_memalign(void **, size_t, size_t);
127 int posix_openpt(int);
130 char *ptsname(int);
131 int putenv(char *);
132 void qsort(void *, size_t, size_t, int (*)(const void *,
134 const void *));
135 int rand(void);
136 int rand_r(unsigned *);
138 long random(void);
141 void *realloc(void *, size_t);
143 char *realpath(const char *restrict, char *restrict);
145 unsigned short seed48(unsigned short[3]);
146 int setenv(const char *, const char *, int);
149 void setkey(const char *);
152 char *setstate(const char *);
153 void srand(unsigned);
155 void srand48(long);
157 void srandom(unsigned);
158 double strtod(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
160 float strtof(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
161 long strtol(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
162 long double strtold(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
163 long long strtoll(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
164 unsigned long strtoul(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
165 unsigned long long
166 strtoull(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
167 int system(const char *);
168 int unlockpt(int);
170 int unsetenv(const char *);
173 size_t wcstombs(char *restrict, const wchar_t *restrict, size_t);
175 int wctomb(char *, wchar_t);
176 Inclusion of the <stdlib.h> header may also make visible all symbols
178 from <stddef.h>, <limits.h>, <math.h>, and <sys/wait.h>.
179 The following sections are informative.
181
183 None.
184
186 None.
187
189 None.
190
192 <limits.h>, <math.h>, <stddef.h>, <sys/types.h>, <sys/wait.h>, the Sys‐
193 tem Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, _Exit(), a64l(),
194 abort(), abs(), atexit(), atof(), atoi(), atol(), atoll(), bsearch(),
195 calloc(), div(), drand48(), erand48(), exit(), free(), getenv(), get‐
196 subopt(), grantpt(), initstate(), jrand48(), l64a(), labs(), lcong48(),
197 ldiv(), llabs(), lldiv(), lrand48(), malloc(), mblen(), mbstowcs(),
198 mbtowc(), mkstemp(), mrand48(), nrand48(), posix_memalign(), ptsname(),
199 putenv(), qsort(), rand(), realloc(), realpath(), setstate(), srand(),
200 srand48(), srandom(), strtod(), strtof(), strtol(), strtold(), str‐
201 toll(), strtoul(), strtoull(), unlockpt(), wcstombs(), wctomb()
202
204 Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
205 from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
206 -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
207 Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
208 Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
209 event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
210 The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
211 is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online
212 at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
213IEEE/The Open Group 2003 <stdlib.h>(0P)