1DES_RANDOM_KEY(3) OpenSSL DES_RANDOM_KEY(3)
2
6 DES_random_key, DES_set_key, DES_key_sched, DES_set_key_checked,
7 DES_set_key_unchecked, DES_set_odd_parity, DES_is_weak_key,
8 DES_ecb_encrypt, DES_ecb2_encrypt, DES_ecb3_encrypt, DES_ncbc_encrypt,
9 DES_cfb_encrypt, DES_ofb_encrypt, DES_pcbc_encrypt, DES_cfb64_encrypt,
10 DES_ofb64_encrypt, DES_xcbc_encrypt, DES_ede2_cbc_encrypt,
11 DES_ede2_cfb64_encrypt, DES_ede2_ofb64_encrypt, DES_ede3_cbc_encrypt,
12 DES_ede3_cfb64_encrypt, DES_ede3_ofb64_encrypt, DES_cbc_cksum,
13 DES_quad_cksum, DES_string_to_key, DES_string_to_2keys, DES_fcrypt,
14 DES_crypt - DES encryption
15
17 #include <openssl/des.h>
18 void DES_random_key(DES_cblock *ret);
20 int DES_set_key(const_DES_cblock *key, DES_key_schedule *schedule);
22 int DES_key_sched(const_DES_cblock *key, DES_key_schedule *schedule);
23 int DES_set_key_checked(const_DES_cblock *key, DES_key_schedule *schedule);
24 void DES_set_key_unchecked(const_DES_cblock *key, DES_key_schedule *schedule);
25 void DES_set_odd_parity(DES_cblock *key);
27 int DES_is_weak_key(const_DES_cblock *key);
28 void DES_ecb_encrypt(const_DES_cblock *input, DES_cblock *output,
30 DES_key_schedule *ks, int enc);
31 void DES_ecb2_encrypt(const_DES_cblock *input, DES_cblock *output,
32 DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2, int enc);
33 void DES_ecb3_encrypt(const_DES_cblock *input, DES_cblock *output,
34 DES_key_schedule *ks1, DES_key_schedule *ks2,
35 DES_key_schedule *ks3, int enc);
36 void DES_ncbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input, unsigned char *output,
38 long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec,
39 int enc);
40 void DES_cfb_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
41 int numbits, long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule,
42 DES_cblock *ivec, int enc);
43 void DES_ofb_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
44 int numbits, long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule,
45 DES_cblock *ivec);
46 void DES_pcbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input, unsigned char *output,
47 long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec,
48 int enc);
49 void DES_cfb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
50 long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec,
51 int *num, int enc);
52 void DES_ofb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
53 long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec,
54 int *num);
55 void DES_xcbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input, unsigned char *output,
57 long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule, DES_cblock *ivec,
58 const_DES_cblock *inw, const_DES_cblock *outw, int enc);
59 void DES_ede2_cbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input, unsigned char *output,
61 long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1,
62 DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_cblock *ivec, int enc);
63 void DES_ede2_cfb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
64 long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1,
65 DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_cblock *ivec,
66 int *num, int enc);
67 void DES_ede2_ofb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
68 long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1,
69 DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_cblock *ivec, int *num);
70 void DES_ede3_cbc_encrypt(const unsigned char *input, unsigned char *output,
72 long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1,
73 DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_key_schedule *ks3,
74 DES_cblock *ivec, int enc);
75 void DES_ede3_cfb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
76 long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1,
77 DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_key_schedule *ks3,
78 DES_cblock *ivec, int *num, int enc);
79 void DES_ede3_ofb64_encrypt(const unsigned char *in, unsigned char *out,
80 long length, DES_key_schedule *ks1,
81 DES_key_schedule *ks2, DES_key_schedule *ks3,
82 DES_cblock *ivec, int *num);
83 DES_LONG DES_cbc_cksum(const unsigned char *input, DES_cblock *output,
85 long length, DES_key_schedule *schedule,
86 const_DES_cblock *ivec);
87 DES_LONG DES_quad_cksum(const unsigned char *input, DES_cblock output[],
88 long length, int out_count, DES_cblock *seed);
89 void DES_string_to_key(const char *str, DES_cblock *key);
90 void DES_string_to_2keys(const char *str, DES_cblock *key1, DES_cblock *key2);
91 char *DES_fcrypt(const char *buf, const char *salt, char *ret);
93 char *DES_crypt(const char *buf, const char *salt);
94
96 This library contains a fast implementation of the DES encryption
97 algorithm.
98 There are two phases to the use of DES encryption. The first is the
100 generation of a DES_key_schedule from a key, the second is the actual
101 encryption. A DES key is of type DES_cblock. This type is consists of
102 8 bytes with odd parity. The least significant bit in each byte is the
103 parity bit. The key schedule is an expanded form of the key; it is
104 used to speed the encryption process.
105 DES_random_key() generates a random key. The PRNG must be seeded prior
107 to using this function (see RAND_bytes(3)). If the PRNG could not
108 generate a secure key, 0 is returned.
109 Before a DES key can be used, it must be converted into the
111 architecture dependent DES_key_schedule via the DES_set_key_checked()
112 or DES_set_key_unchecked() function.
113 DES_set_key_checked() will check that the key passed is of odd parity
115 and is not a weak or semi-weak key. If the parity is wrong, then -1 is
116 returned. If the key is a weak key, then -2 is returned. If an error
117 is returned, the key schedule is not generated.
118 DES_set_key() works like DES_set_key_checked() if the DES_check_key
120 flag is non-zero, otherwise like DES_set_key_unchecked(). These
121 functions are available for compatibility; it is recommended to use a
122 function that does not depend on a global variable.
123 DES_set_odd_parity() sets the parity of the passed key to odd.
125 DES_is_weak_key() returns 1 if the passed key is a weak key, 0 if it is
127 ok.
128 The following routines mostly operate on an input and output stream of
130 DES_cblocks.
131 DES_ecb_encrypt() is the basic DES encryption routine that encrypts or
133 decrypts a single 8-byte DES_cblock in electronic code book (ECB) mode.
134 It always transforms the input data, pointed to by input, into the
135 output data, pointed to by the output argument. If the encrypt
136 argument is non-zero (DES_ENCRYPT), the input (cleartext) is encrypted
137 in to the output (ciphertext) using the key_schedule specified by the
138 schedule argument, previously set via DES_set_key. If encrypt is zero
139 (DES_DECRYPT), the input (now ciphertext) is decrypted into the output
140 (now cleartext). Input and output may overlap. DES_ecb_encrypt() does
141 not return a value.
142 DES_ecb3_encrypt() encrypts/decrypts the input block by using three-key
144 Triple-DES encryption in ECB mode. This involves encrypting the input
145 with ks1, decrypting with the key schedule ks2, and then encrypting
146 with ks3. This routine greatly reduces the chances of brute force
147 breaking of DES and has the advantage of if ks1, ks2 and ks3 are the
148 same, it is equivalent to just encryption using ECB mode and ks1 as the
149 key.
150 The macro DES_ecb2_encrypt() is provided to perform two-key Triple-DES
152 encryption by using ks1 for the final encryption.
153 DES_ncbc_encrypt() encrypts/decrypts using the cipher-block-chaining
155 (CBC) mode of DES. If the encrypt argument is non-zero, the routine
156 cipher-block-chain encrypts the cleartext data pointed to by the input
157 argument into the ciphertext pointed to by the output argument, using
158 the key schedule provided by the schedule argument, and initialization
159 vector provided by the ivec argument. If the length argument is not an
160 integral multiple of eight bytes, the last block is copied to a
161 temporary area and zero filled. The output is always an integral
162 multiple of eight bytes.
163 DES_xcbc_encrypt() is RSA's DESX mode of DES. It uses inw and outw to
165 'whiten' the encryption. inw and outw are secret (unlike the iv) and
166 are as such, part of the key. So the key is sort of 24 bytes. This is
167 much better than CBC DES.
168 DES_ede3_cbc_encrypt() implements outer triple CBC DES encryption with
170 three keys. This means that each DES operation inside the CBC mode is
171 an "C=E(ks3,D(ks2,E(ks1,M)))". This mode is used by SSL.
172 The DES_ede2_cbc_encrypt() macro implements two-key Triple-DES by
174 reusing ks1 for the final encryption. "C=E(ks1,D(ks2,E(ks1,M)))".
175 This form of Triple-DES is used by the RSAREF library.
176 DES_pcbc_encrypt() encrypt/decrypts using the propagating cipher block
178 chaining mode used by Kerberos v4. Its parameters are the same as
179 DES_ncbc_encrypt().
180 DES_cfb_encrypt() encrypt/decrypts using cipher feedback mode. This
182 method takes an array of characters as input and outputs and array of
183 characters. It does not require any padding to 8 character groups.
184 Note: the ivec variable is changed and the new changed value needs to
185 be passed to the next call to this function. Since this function runs
186 a complete DES ECB encryption per numbits, this function is only
187 suggested for use when sending small numbers of characters.
188 DES_cfb64_encrypt() implements CFB mode of DES with 64bit feedback.
190 Why is this useful you ask? Because this routine will allow you to
191 encrypt an arbitrary number of bytes, no 8 byte padding. Each call to
192 this routine will encrypt the input bytes to output and then update
193 ivec and num. num contains 'how far' we are though ivec. If this does
194 not make much sense, read more about cfb mode of DES :-).
195 DES_ede3_cfb64_encrypt() and DES_ede2_cfb64_encrypt() is the same as
197 DES_cfb64_encrypt() except that Triple-DES is used.
198 DES_ofb_encrypt() encrypts using output feedback mode. This method
200 takes an array of characters as input and outputs and array of
201 characters. It does not require any padding to 8 character groups.
202 Note: the ivec variable is changed and the new changed value needs to
203 be passed to the next call to this function. Since this function runs
204 a complete DES ECB encryption per numbits, this function is only
205 suggested for use when sending small numbers of characters.
206 DES_ofb64_encrypt() is the same as DES_cfb64_encrypt() using Output
208 Feed Back mode.
209 DES_ede3_ofb64_encrypt() and DES_ede2_ofb64_encrypt() is the same as
211 DES_ofb64_encrypt(), using Triple-DES.
212 The following functions are included in the DES library for
214 compatibility with the MIT Kerberos library.
215 DES_cbc_cksum() produces an 8 byte checksum based on the input stream
217 (via CBC encryption). The last 4 bytes of the checksum are returned
218 and the complete 8 bytes are placed in output. This function is used by
219 Kerberos v4. Other applications should use EVP_DigestInit(3) etc.
220 instead.
221 DES_quad_cksum() is a Kerberos v4 function. It returns a 4 byte
223 checksum from the input bytes. The algorithm can be iterated over the
224 input, depending on out_count, 1, 2, 3 or 4 times. If output is non-
225 NULL, the 8 bytes generated by each pass are written into output.
226 The following are DES-based transformations:
228 DES_fcrypt() is a fast version of the Unix crypt(3) function. This
230 version takes only a small amount of space relative to other fast
231 crypt() implementations. This is different to the normal crypt in that
232 the third parameter is the buffer that the return value is written
233 into. It needs to be at least 14 bytes long. This function is thread
234 safe, unlike the normal crypt.
235 DES_crypt() is a faster replacement for the normal system crypt().
237 This function calls DES_fcrypt() with a static array passed as the
238 third parameter. This mostly emulates the normal non-thread-safe
239 semantics of crypt(3). The salt must be two ASCII characters.
240 The values returned by DES_fcrypt() and DES_crypt() are terminated by
242 NUL character.
243 DES_enc_write() writes len bytes to file descriptor fd from buffer buf.
245 The data is encrypted via pcbc_encrypt (default) using sched for the
246 key and iv as a starting vector. The actual data send down fd consists
247 of 4 bytes (in network byte order) containing the length of the
248 following encrypted data. The encrypted data then follows, padded with
249 random data out to a multiple of 8 bytes.
250
252 DES_cbc_encrypt() does not modify ivec; use DES_ncbc_encrypt() instead.
253 DES_cfb_encrypt() and DES_ofb_encrypt() operates on input of 8 bits.
255 What this means is that if you set numbits to 12, and length to 2, the
256 first 12 bits will come from the 1st input byte and the low half of the
257 second input byte. The second 12 bits will have the low 8 bits taken
258 from the 3rd input byte and the top 4 bits taken from the 4th input
259 byte. The same holds for output. This function has been implemented
260 this way because most people will be using a multiple of 8 and because
261 once you get into pulling bytes input bytes apart things get ugly!
262 DES_string_to_key() is available for backward compatibility with the
264 MIT library. New applications should use a cryptographic hash
265 function. The same applies for DES_string_to_2key().
266
268 The des library was written to be source code compatible with the MIT
269 Kerberos library.
270 Applications should use the higher level functions EVP_EncryptInit(3)
272 etc. instead of calling these functions directly.
273 Single-key DES is insecure due to its short key size. ECB mode is not
275 suitable for most applications; see des_modes(7).
276
278 DES_set_key(), DES_key_sched(), DES_set_key_checked() and
279 DES_is_weak_key() return 0 on success or negative values on error.
280 DES_cbc_cksum() and DES_quad_cksum() return 4-byte integer representing
282 the last 4 bytes of the checksum of the input.
283 DES_fcrypt() returns a pointer to the caller-provided buffer and
285 DES_crypt() - to a static buffer on success; otherwise they return
286 NULL.
287
289 The requirement that the salt parameter to DES_crypt() and DES_fcrypt()
290 be two ASCII characters was first enforced in OpenSSL 1.1.0. Previous
291 versions tried to use the letter uppercase A if both character were not
292 present, and could crash when given non-ASCII on some platforms.
293
295 des_modes(7), EVP_EncryptInit(3)
296
298 Copyright 2000-2018 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
299 Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License"). You may not use
301 this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
302 in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
303 <https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
3041.1.1 2018-09-11 DES_RANDOM_KEY(3)