1SA(8)                       System Manager's Manual                      SA(8)
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NAME

6       sa -  summarizes accounting information
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SYNOPSIS

9       sa     [ -a | --list-all-names ]
10              [ -b | --sort-sys-user-div-calls ]
11              [ -c | --percentages ] [ -d | --sort-avio ]
12              [ -D | --sort-tio ] [ -f | --not-interactive ]
13              [ -i | --dont-read-summary-files ]
14              [ -j | --print-seconds ] [ -k | --sort-cpu-avmem ]
15              [ -K | --sort-ksec ] [ -l | --separate-times ]
16              [ -m | --user-summary ] [ -n | --sort-num-calls ]
17              [ -p | --show-paging ] [ -P | --show-paging-avg ]
18              [ -r | --reverse-sort ] [ -s | --merge ]
19              [ -t | --print-ratio ] [ -u | --print-users ]
20              [ -v num | --threshold num ] [ --sort-real-time ]
21              [ --debug ] [ -V | --version ] [ -h | --help ]
22              [ --other-usracct-file filename ] [ --ahz hz ]
23              [ --other-savacct-file filename ]
24              [ [ --other-acct-file ] filename ]
25

DESCRIPTION

27       sa summarizes information about previously executed commands as
28       recorded in the acct file.  In addition, it condenses this data into a
29       summary file named savacct which contains the number of times the
30       command was called and the system resources used.  The information can
31       also be summarized on a per-user basis; sa will save this information
32       into a file named usracct.
33
34       If no arguments are specified, sa will print information about all of
35       the commands in the acct file.
36
37       If called with a file name as the last argument, sa will use that file
38       instead of the system's default acct file.
39
40       By default, sa will sort the output by sum of user and system time.  If
41       command names have unprintable characters, or are only called once, sa
42       will sort them into a group called `***other'.  If more than one
43       sorting option is specified, the list will be sorted by the one
44       specified last on the command line.
45
46       The output fields are labeled as follows:
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48       cpu
49               sum of system and user time in cpu minutes
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51       re
52               "elapsed time" in minutes
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54       k
55               cpu-time averaged core usage, in 1k units
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57       avio
58               average number of I/O operations per execution
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60       tio
61               total number of I/O operations
62
63       k*sec
64               cpu storage integral (kilo-core seconds)
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66       u
67               user cpu time in cpu seconds
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69       s
70               system time in cpu seconds
71
72       Note that these column titles do not appear in the first row of the
73       table, but after each numeric entry (as units of measurement) in every
74       row.  For example, you might see `79.29re', meaning 79.29 cpu seconds
75       of "real time".
76
77       An asterisk will appear after the name of commands that forked but
78       didn't call exec.
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80       GNU sa takes care to implement a number of features not found in other
81       versions.  For example, most versions of sa don't pay attention to
82       flags like `--print-seconds' and `--sort-num-calls' when printing out
83       commands when combined with the `--user-summary' or `--print-users'
84       flags.  GNU sa pays attention to these flags if they are applicable.
85       Also, MIPS' sa stores the average memory use as a short rather than a
86       double, resulting in some round-off errors.  GNU sa uses double the
87       whole way through.
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OPTIONS

90       The availability of these program options depends on your operating
91       system.  In specific, the members that appear in the struct acct of
92       your system's process accounting header file (usually acct.h )
93       determine which flags will be present.  For example, if your system's
94       struct acct doesn't have the `ac_mem' field, the installed version of
95       sa will not support the `--sort-cpu-avmem', `--sort-ksec', `-k', or
96       `-K' options.
97
98       In short, all of these flags may not be available on your machine.
99
100       -a, --list-all-names
101              Force sa not to sort those command names with unprintable
102              characters and those used only once into the ***other group.
103       -b, --sort-sys-user-div-calls
104              Sort the output by the sum of user and system time divided by
105              the number of calls.
106       -c, --percentages
107              Print percentages of total time for the command's user, system,
108              and real time values.
109       -d, --sort-avio
110              Sort the output by the average number of disk I/O operations.
111       -D, --sort-tio
112              Print and sort the output by the total number of disk I/O
113              operations.
114       -f, --not-interactive
115              When using the `--threshold' option, assume that all answers to
116              interactive queries will be affirmative.
117       -i, --dont-read-summary-files
118              Don't read the information in the system's default savacct file.
119       -j, --print-seconds
120              Instead of printing total minutes for each category, print
121              seconds per call.
122       -k, --sort-cpu-avmem
123              Sort the output by cpu time average memory usage.
124       -K, --sort-ksec
125              Print and sort the output by the cpu-storage integral.
126       -l, --separate-times
127              Print separate columns for system and user time; usually the two
128              are added together and listed as `cpu'.
129       -m, --user-summary
130              Print the number of processes and number of CPU minutes on a
131              per-user basis.
132       -n, --sort-num-calls
133              Sort the output by the number of calls.  This is the default
134              sorting method.
135       -p, --show-paging
136              Print the number of minor and major pagefaults and swaps.
137       -P, --show-paging-avg
138              Print the number of minor and major pagefaults and swaps divided
139              by the number of calls.
140       -r, --reverse-sort
141              Sort output items in reverse order.
142       -s, --merge
143              Merge the summarized accounting data into the summary files
144              savacct and usracct.
145       -t, --print-ratio
146              For each entry, print the ratio of real time to the sum of
147              system and user times.  If the sum of system and user times is
148              too small to report--the sum is zero--`*ignore*' will appear in
149              this field.
150       -u, --print-users
151              For each command in the accounting file, print the userid and
152              command name.  After printing all entries, quit.  *Note*: this
153              flag supersedes all others.
154       -v num --threshold num
155              Print commands which were executed num times or fewer and await
156              a reply from the terminal.  If the response begins with `y', add
157              the command to the `**junk**' group.
158       --separate-forks
159              It really doesn't make any sense to me that the stock version of
160              sa separates statistics for a particular executable depending on
161              whether or not that command forked.  Therefore, GNU sa lumps
162              this information together unless this option is specified.
163       --ahz hz
164              Use this flag to tell the program what AHZ should be (in hertz).
165              This option is useful if you are trying to view an acct file
166              created on another machine which has the same byte order and
167              file format as your current machine, but has a different value
168              for AHZ.
169       --debug
170              Print verbose internal information.
171       -V, --version
172              Print the version number of sa.
173       -h, --help
174              Prints the usage string and default locations of system files to
175              standard output and exits.
176       --sort-real-time
177              Sort the output by the "real time" field.
178       --other-usracct-file filename
179              Write summaries by user ID to filename rather than the system's
180              default usracct file.
181       --other-savacct-file filename
182              Write summaries by command name to filename rather than the
183              system's default SAVACCT file.
184       --other-acct-file filename
185              Read from the file filename instead of the system's default ACCT
186              file.

FILES

188       acct   The raw system wide process accounting file. See acct(5) for
189              further details.
190       savacct
191              A summary of system process accounting sorted by command.
192       usracct
193              A summary of system process accounting sorted by user ID.

BUGS

195       There is not yet a wide experience base for comparing the output of GNU
196       sa with versions of sa in many other systems.  The problem is that the
197       data files grow big in a short time and therefore require a lot of disk
198       space.

AUTHOR

200       The GNU accounting utilities were written by Noel Cragg
201       <noel@gnu.ai.mit.edu>. The man page was adapted from the accounting
202       texinfo page by Susan Kleinmann <sgk@sgk.tiac.net>.

SEE ALSO

204       acct(5), ac(1)
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208                                1997 August 19                           SA(8)
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