1XORRECORD(1)                General Commands Manual               XORRECORD(1)
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NAME

6       xorrecord -  Emulation of CD/DVD/BD program cdrecord by program xorriso
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SYNOPSIS

9       xorrecord [ options ] dev=device [track_source]
10

DESCRIPTION

12       xorrecord writes preformatted data to CD, DVD, and BD media.
13
14       It  understands some options of program cdrecord from cdrtools by Joerg
15       Schilling.  Its implementation is part of program xorriso which  shares
16       no  source  code  with  cdrtools,  but  rather makes use of libburn for
17       communicating with the drive.
18       Another, more complete cdrecord emulator is program cdrskin which  uses
19       the same burn functions as xorrecord.
20
21   MMC, Session, Track, Media types:
22       MMC  is a standard out of the SCSI family which defines the interaction
23       between computers and optical drives. Since more than a decade all  CD,
24       DVD,  or BD recorders obey this standard regardless by what bus cabling
25       they are attached to the computer.  libburn  relies  on  this  standard
26       compliance  and  on  the  capability of the operating system to perform
27       SCSI transactions over the particular bus cabling.
28       A Session is a data region  on  an  optical  disc  which  usually  gets
29       written  in  a  single sweep. It contains at least one Track which is a
30       contiguous string of readable  blocks.   xorrecord  produces  a  single
31       session  with  a  single  data track which consists of blocks with 2048
32       bytes each. It chooses the write mode automatically according to  media
33       type, medium state, and option -multi.
34       On  CD  media  there  are other track types, like audio, and particular
35       write modes like TAO and SAO. CD and DVD- media can put more  than  one
36       track  into  a  session.  Some  of  these  features can be addressed by
37       program cdrskin.
38       MMC describes several recordable media types  which  roughly  form  two
39       families.
40       Sequentially recordable media are CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD-R DL, DVD-RW,
41       DVD+R, DVD+R DL, BD-R.  Except DVD-R DL they can store  more  than  one
42       session  if  there is still unwritten space and if the previous session
43       was written with option -multi. CD-RW and  DVD-RW  can  be  blanked  in
44       order to be re-usable from scratch.
45       Overwritable  media are DVD-RAM, DVD+RW, formatted DVD-RW, BD-RE.  They
46       offer a single session with a single track for random  access  writing.
47       There is no need to blank overwritable media before re-use.
48       DVD-RW  media  are  sold  in  sequentially  recordable state but can be
49       formatted    once    to    become     overwritable.     See     options
50       blank=format_overwrite and blank=deformat.
51       If ISO 9660 filesystems are to be stored on overwritable media, then it
52       is  possible  to   emulate   multiple   sessions,   by   using   option
53       --grow_overriteable_iso.  In  this  case,  the need for blanking before
54       re-use is emulated too.
55
56   Drive preparation and addressing:
57       The drives, CD, DVD, or BD burners, are  accessed  via  file  addresses
58       which are specific to libburn and the operating system. Those addresses
59       get listed by a run of xorrecord --devices or xorriso -device_links.
60       On GNU/Linux and FreeBSD, the user needs rw-permission for  the  device
61       file.    On   Solaris,   the  user  needs  r-permission  and  privilege
62       "sys_devices", which is usually gained by running xorrecord via command
63       pfexec.
64       These  permissions  resp.  privileges  are needed already for listing a
65       drive.  So it might be necessary to get the overview as superuser resp.
66       via pfexec.
67       xorrecord does not perform cdrecord option -scanbus and does not accept
68       the addresses of form Bus,Target,Lun which are told  by  -scanbus.   If
69       support  for  these  addresses  is  necessary,  consider to use program
70       cdrskin.
71       It is possible  to  let  xorrecord  work  on  emulated  drives.   Their
72       addresses  begin  by  prefix  "stdio:" followed by a file address.  The
73       emulated media behavior depends on the file type.  See man xorriso  for
74       details.
75       If standard output is chosen as emulated drive, then all program result
76       texts, which usually appear on standard output, will get redirected  to
77       standard error.
78
79   Relation to program xorriso:
80       xorrecord  is  actually  a  command mode of program xorriso, which gets
81       entered either by xorriso command "-as cdrecord"  or  by  starting  the
82       program  by  one  of  the  names  "xorrecord",  "cdrecord", "wodim", or
83       "cdrskin".
84       This command mode can be left by argument "--" which leads  to  generic
85       xorriso  command mode. See man xorriso for its description.  Other than
86       in xorriso command mode, the sequence of the cdrecord emulation options
87       does not matter.  All pending actions get performed in a fixed sequence
88       before the program run ends resp. before cdrecord emulation ends.
89
90

OPTIONS

92       Addressing the drive:
93
94       --devices
95              Print the list of accessible CD, DVD, or BD drives  to  standard
96              output.   Drives  might  be  inaccessible  if  the user lacks of
97              permissions to use them or if the drive is  in  use  by  another
98              program.
99              Each accessible drive is shown by a line like:
100                0  -dev '/dev/sr0' rwrw-- :  'TSSTcorp' 'CDDVDW SH-S203B'
101              The  libburn  address of this drive is '/dev/sr0'. 'TSSTcorp' is
102              the name of the vendor (in this case:  Toshiba  Samsung  Storage
103              Technologies  Corporation),  'CDDVDW SH-S203B' is the model name
104              (in this case: a DVD burner).
105
106       dev=drive_address
107              Set the libburn address of the drive to be used.
108              E.g. on GNU/Linux: dev=/dev/sr0
109              E.g. on FreeBSD: dev=/dev/cd0
110              E.g. on Solaris: dev=/dev/rdsk/c2t2d0s2
111              See also above "Drive preparation and addressing".
112              The medium in the drive should not be mounted or be otherwise in
113              use.
114
115       Inquiring drive and media:
116
117       -inq   Print  to  standard  output:  vendor,  model  name, and firmware
118              revision of the drive.
119
120       -checkdrive
121              Print unconditionally that the drive supports burnfree, SAO, and
122              TAO.  Also print the output of option -inq.
123
124       -atip  Print the output of -checkdrive, the most capable profile of the
125              medium in the drive, the list of profiles which are supported by
126              the  drive,  whether  it  is erasable (i.e. can be blanked), the
127              media manufacturer, and the medium product name.
128              Profiles are usage models, which are often tied to a  particular
129              media  type  (e.g.  CD-RW),  but  may  also apply to a family of
130              media. E.g. profile CD-ROM applies to all CD media which contain
131              data.
132
133       -toc   Print  a table of content of the medium in the drive. The output
134              is not compatible to cdrecord option -toc, but rather the one of
135              xorriso command -toc.  It lists the address, vendor, model name,
136              and firmware revision of the drive.
137              About the medium it tells product name and manufacturer, whether
138              there  is already content written, and if so, whether the medium
139              is closed or  appendable.  Appendable  media  can  take  another
140              session.   The amount of readable and writable data is told.  If
141              there are sessions, then their start block address and  size  is
142              reported.   If  a  session contains an ISO 9660 filesystem, then
143              its Volume Id is reported.  If the medium is writable, then  the
144              next writable block address is reported.
145              If  not  option  --grow_overriteable_iso is given or no ISO 9660
146              file system is present on the medium,  then  overwritable  media
147              are  reported  as being blank. This is due to the fact that they
148              can be written from scratch  without  further  preparation,  and
149              that  MMC  does not distinguish between data written by the most
150              previous burn run and older data which have not been overwritten
151              by that burn run.  Consequently, these media are reported with 0
152              readable blocks, although all their writable blocks normally are
153              readable, too.
154
155       -msinfo
156              Print  the  argument  text  for  option  -C of programs mkisofs,
157              genisoimage, or xorrisofs. It consists of two numbers  separated
158              by a comma.
159              The first number tells the first block of the first track of the
160              last recorded session. This is also the address used by  default
161              when  operating  systems  mount  a  medium  with  e.g.  ISO 9660
162              filesystem.
163              The  second  number  tells  the  next  writable  address,  where
164              xorrecord will begin to write the next session.
165              This  option is only valid for written, appendable media. In all
166              other cases it will yield no output  text  but  will  abort  the
167              program with non-zero exit value.
168
169       Settings for the burn run:
170
171       A  burn  run  requires exactly one track source address argument, which
172       tells from where to read the data wich shall be put into the  upcomming
173       session. The medium state must be either blank or appendable.
174       Track source may be "-" for standard input or the address of a readable
175       file of any type except directories. Nearly all media  types  accept  a
176       track  source  with  unpredictable  byte  count, like standard input or
177       named pipes.   Nevertheless,  DVD-R  DL  and  DVD-RW  blanked  by  mode
178       deformat_quickest  demand  exact  in-advance  reservation  of the track
179       size, so that they either need to be read from a source of  predictable
180       length,  or  need  to  be  accompanied  by  option  tsize= or by option
181       -isosize.
182       Several options expect a size  value  as  argument.  A  number  with  a
183       trailing letter "b" or without a trailing letter is a plain byte count.
184       Other trailing letters cause multiplication of the given  number  by  a
185       scaling factor:
186       "k"  or  "K"  = 1024 , "m" or "M" = 1024k , "g" or "G" = 1024m , "s" or
187       "S" = 2048
188       E.g. tsize=234567s means a size of 234567 * 2048 = 480393216 bytes.
189
190       blank=mode
191              Blank a CD-RW or DVD-RW  to  make  it  re-usable  from  scratch.
192              Format  a  DVD-RW,  DVD+RW,  DVD-RAM,  BD-R, or BD-RE if not yet
193              formatted.
194              This operation normally makes any recorded data  on  the  medium
195              unreadable.   It  is  combinable with burning in the same run of
196              xorrecord, or it  may  be  performed  without  a  track  source,
197              leaving the medium empty.
198              The mode given with blank= selects the particular behavior:
199
200              as_needed
201                     Try  to make the media ready for writing from scratch. If
202                     it needs formatting, then format it. If it is not  blank,
203                     then try to apply blank=fast.  It is a reason to abort if
204                     the medium cannot assume thoroughly writeable state, e.g.
205                     if it is a non-blank write-once.
206                     This  leaves  unformatted  DVD-RW  in  unformatted  blank
207                     state. To format DVD-RW use blank=format_overwrite. Blank
208                     unformatted BD-R stay unformatted.
209                     (Note:   blank=as_needed  is  not  an  original  cdrecord
210                     option.)
211
212              all
213                     Blank an entire CD-RW or an unformatted DVD-RW.
214
215              fast
216                     Minimally blank an entire CD-RW or blank  an  unformatted
217                     DVD-RW.
218
219              deformat
220                     Like  blank=all  but with the additional ability to blank
221                     overwriteable DVD-RW.  This will destroy their formatting
222                     and make them sequentially recordable.
223                     (Note:   blank=deformat   is  not  an  original  cdrecord
224                     options)
225
226              deformat_quickest
227                     Like blank=deformat but blanking DVD-RW  only  minimally.
228                     This  is  faster  than  full  blanking  but  yields media
229                     incapable  of  writing  tracks  of  unpredicatable  size.
230                     Multi-session will not be possible either.
231                     (Note:   blank=deformat_quickest   is   not  an  original
232                     cdrecord option.)
233
234              format_overwrite
235                     Format a  DVD-RW  to  "Restricted  Overwrite".  The  user
236                     should bring some patience.
237                     Format  unformatted  DVD+RW, BD-RE or blank BD-R to their
238                     default size.  It is not mandatory to do this with DVD+RW
239                     and   BD-RE   media,  because  they  will  get  formatted
240                     automatically on the first write attempt.
241                     BD-R media may be  written  in  unformatted  state.  This
242                     keeps  disabled the replacement of bad blocks and enables
243                     full nominal write speed. Once BD-R  media  are  written,
244                     they cannot be formatted any more.
245                     For   re-formatting   already   formatted  media  or  for
246                     formatting with non-default  size,  use  program  xorriso
247                     with command -format.
248                     (Note: blank=format_overwrite is not an original cdrecord
249                     options)
250
251       -multi This option keeps  CD,  unformatted  DVD-R[W],  DVD+R,  or  BD-R
252              appendable  after the current session has been written.  Without
253              it the disc gets closed and may  not  be  written  any  more   -
254              unless  it  is  a -RW and gets blanked, which causes loss of its
255              content.
256              This option cannot be applied to DVD-R DL and DVD-RW which  were
257              blanked by type deformat_quickest.
258              In order to have all filesystem content accessible, the eventual
259              ISO-9660 filesystem of a follow-up session needs to be  prepared
260              in  a  special way by the filesystem formatter program. mkisofs,
261              genisoimage, and xorrisofs  expect  particular  info  about  the
262              situation which can be retrieved by xorrecord option -msinfo.
263              With  overwriteable  DVD or BD media, -multi cannot mark the end
264              of the session.  So when adding a new session, this end  has  to
265              be   determined  from  the  payload.   Currently  only  ISO-9660
266              filesystems   can    be    used    that    way.    See    option
267              --grow_overwriteable_iso.
268
269       -dummy Try  to  perform the drive operations without actually affecting
270              the inserted media. There is no warranty  that  this  will  work
271              with  a  particular  combination of drive and media. Blanking is
272              prevented reliably, though.  To avoid inadverted  real  burning,
273              -dummy  refuses  burn runs on anything but CD-R[W], DVD-R[W], or
274              emulated stdio-drives.
275
276       -waiti Wait until input data is available at stdin  or  EOF  occurs  at
277              stdin.  Only then begin to access any drives.
278              One should use this if xorrisofs is working at the end of a pipe
279              where the feeder process reads from the drive before  it  starts
280              writing its output into xorrisofs. Example:
281              xorrisofs ... -C 0,12800 -M /dev/sr0 ... | \
282              xorrecord dev=/dev/sr0 ... -waiti -
283              This  option  works  even  if  standard  input  is not the track
284              source. If no process is piping in, then the Enter key  of  your
285              terminal will act as trigger for xorrecord. Note that this input
286              line will not be consumed by cdrskin if standard  input  is  not
287              the track source. It will end up as shell command, usually.
288
289       tsize=size
290              Announce  the  exact size of the track source. This is necessary
291              with DVD-R DL media and with quickest  blanked  DVD-RW,  if  the
292              size cannot be determined in advance from the track source. E.g.
293              if it is standard input or a named pipe.
294              If the track source does not deliver  the  predicted  amount  of
295              bytes,  the remainder of the track is padded with zeros. This is
296              not considered an error.  If on the other hand the track  source
297              delivers  more  than the announced bytes then the track on media
298              gets truncated to the predicted size and  xorrecord  exits  with
299              non-zero value.
300
301       -isosize
302              Try  to  obtain  the  track  size  from the content of the track
303              source.  This works only if the track source bears an  ISO  9660
304              filesystem.   Any other track source content will cause the burn
305              run to abort.
306              If the track source is not a regular file or block device,  then
307              this  option  will  work  only  if the program's fifo size is at
308              least 64k. See option fs=.
309
310       padsize=size
311              Add the given amount of trailing zeros to the  upcomming  track.
312              This  feature  can  be  disabled by size 0. Default is 300 kB in
313              order to work around a problem with GNU/Linux which often  fails
314              to  read  the last few blocks of a CD track which was written in
315              write mode TAO. TAO is used  by  xorrecord  if  the  track  size
316              cannot  be  predicted  or  if  the  CD  medium  is not blank but
317              appendable.
318
319       -nopad The same as padsize=0.
320
321       -pad   The same as padsize=15s. This was  once  sufficient  with  older
322              GNU/Linux   kernels.   Meanwhile   one   should   at  least  use
323              padsize=128k, if not padsize=300k.
324
325       -data  Explicitely announce that the track source shall be recorded  as
326              data  track,  and  not as audio track. This option has no effect
327              with xorrecord, because there is  no  support  for  other  track
328              formats anyway.
329
330       fs=size
331              Set  the  size  of  the  program  fifo buffer to the given value
332              rather than the default of 4m.
333              The fifo buffers a temporary surplus of  track  source  data  in
334              order  to provide the drive with a steady stream during times of
335              temporary lack of track source supply.
336              Other than cdrecord, xorrecord  enables  drive  buffer  underrun
337              protection  by  default and does not wait with writing until the
338              fifo is full for a first time.  On very old CD drives  and  slow
339              computers,  this  might  cause aborted burn runs.  In this case,
340              consider to use program cdrskin for  CD  burning.   DVD  and  BD
341              drives tolerate buffer underrun without problems.
342              The  larger  the  fifo, the longer periods of poor source supply
343              can be compensated. But a large fifo can deprive  the  operating
344              system of read cache for better filesystem performance.
345
346       speed=value
347              Set the write speed. Default is 0 = maximum speed.  Speed can be
348              given in media type dependent x-speed numbers or  as  a  desired
349              throughput per second in MMC compliant kB (= 1000) or MB (= 1000
350              kB). Media x-speed factor can be set explicity by appending  "c"
351              for CD, "d" for DVD, "b" for BD. "x" is optional.
352              Example speeds:
353               706k = 706kB/s = 4c = 4xCD
354               5540k = 5540kB/s = 4d = 4xDVD
355              If  there  is  no  hint  about the speed unit attached, then the
356              medium in the drive will decide.   Default  unit  is  CD,  1x  =
357              176,400   raw   bytes/second.    With   DVD,   1x   =  1,385,000
358              bytes/second.  With BD, 1x = 4,495,625 bytes/second.
359              MMC drives usually activate their own idea of speed and take the
360              speed  value  given by the burn program only as a hint for their
361              own decision.
362
363       -eject Eject the drive tray after alll other work is done.
364
365       Program version and verbosity:
366
367       -version
368              Print to standard output a line beginning by
369              "Cdrecord 2.01-Emulation Copyright"
370              and further lines which report the version of  xorriso  and  its
371              supporting  libraries.  They  also state the license under which
372              the program is provided,  and  disclaim  any  warranty,  to  the
373              extent permitted by law.
374
375       -v     Increase   program  verbosity  by  one  level.  There  are  four
376              verbosity levels from nearly silent to debugging verbosity.  The
377              both  highest  levels  can  be  enabled by repeated -v or by -vv
378              resp. -vvv.
379
380       -V     Log SCSI commands and drive replies  to  standard  error.   This
381              might  be  of  interest  if  xorrecord and a particular drive or
382              medium do not cooperate as expected, or if you just want to know
383              how  libburn  interacts  with  the  drive.   To  understand this
384              extremely verbous log, one needs to read SCSI  specs  SPC,  SBC,
385              and MMC.
386              Please  do not add such a log to a bug report on the first hand,
387              unless you want to point out a particular  deviation  from  said
388              specs,  or  if  you  get  asked  for this log by a maintainer of
389              xorrecord who feels in charge for your bug report.
390
391       -help  Print a sparse list of program options  to  standard  error  and
392              declare not to be cdrecord.
393
394       Options not compatible to cdrecord:
395
396       --no_rc
397              Only if used as first command line argument this option prevents
398              reading and interpretation of startup files. See  section  FILES
399              below.
400
401       --grow_overwriteable_iso
402              Enable emulation of multi-session writing on overwriteable media
403              which contain an ISO 9660 filesystem. This emulation is  learned
404              from growisofs -M but adapted to the usage model of
405              xorrecord -msinfo
406              xorrisofs -C -M | xorrecord -waiti -multi -
407              for sequential media.
408              --grow_overwriteable_iso   does  not  hamper  the  use  of  true
409              multi-session media.  I.e.  it  is  possible  to  use  the  same
410              xorrecord  options  with  both  kinds  of  media  and to achieve
411              similar results if ISO 9660 filesystem images are to be written.
412              This  option  implies option -isosize and therefore demands that
413              the track source is a ISO 9660 filesystem image.
414              With overwriteable media and no option blank=fast|all present it
415              expands  an eventual ISO 9660 filesystem on media. It is assumed
416              that this image's inner size description points to  the  end  of
417              the  valuable data.  Overwriteable media with a recognizable ISO
418              9660 size will be regarded as appendable rather than  as  blank.
419              I.e.  options -msinfo and -toc will work.  -toc will always show
420              a single session with its size increasing with every  added  ISO
421              9660 image.
422
423       stream_recording="on"|"off"|number
424              Mode  "on" requests that compliance to the desired speed setting
425              is preferred over management of write errors. With  DVD-RAM  and
426              BD  this  can  bring  effective  write speed near to the nominal
427              write speed  of  the  media.   But  it  will  also  disable  the
428              automatic  use  of  replacement blocks if write errors occur. It
429              might as well be disliked or ignored by the drive.
430              If a number is given, then error management  stays  enabled  for
431              all  byte  addresses  below that number. Any number below 16s is
432              the same as "off".
433
434       dvd_obs="default"|"32k"|"64k"
435              Linux specific: Set the number of bytes to be  transmitted  with
436              each write operation to DVD or BD media. Tracks get padded up to
437              the next multiple of this write size. A  number  of  64  KB  may
438              improve throughput with bus systems which show latency problems.
439              The default depends on media type, option stream_recording=, and
440              on compile time options.
441
442       write_start_address=value
443              Set  the  block  address  on  overwritable  media where to start
444              writing the track.  With DVD+RW, DVD-RAM or  BD-RE,  byte_offset
445              must be aligned to 2 kiB blocks, but better is 32 kiB on DVD and
446              64 kiB on  BD.   With  formatted  DVD-RW  32  kiB  alignment  is
447              mandatory.
448              Other media are not suitable for this option.
449
450       stdio_sync="on"|"off"|number
451              Set  the number of bytes after which to force output to emulated
452              stdio: drives.  This forcing keeps the memory from being clogged
453              with  lots of pending data for slow devices. Default "on" is the
454              same as "16m".  Forced output can be disabled by "off".
455

EXAMPLES

457   Overview of examples:
458       Get an overview of drives and their addresses
459       Get info about a particular drive or loaded media
460       Prepare CD-RW or DVD-RW for re-use, BD-R for bad block handling
461       Format DVD-RW to avoid need for blanking before re-use
462       De-format DVD-RW to make it capable of multi-session again
463       Write a single ISO 9660 filesystem image
464       Write multiple ISO 9660 sessions
465       Write ISO 9660 session on-the-fly
466       Write compressed afio archive on-the-fly
467
468   Get an overview of drives and their addresses:
469         $ xorrecord --devices
470
471   Get info about a particular drive and loaded media:
472         $ xorrecord dev=/dev/sr0 -atip -toc --grow_overwriteable_iso
473
474   Prepare CD-RW or DVD-RW for re-use:
475         $ xorrecord -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=as_needed -eject
476
477   Format DVD-RW to avoid need for blanking before re-use:
478         $ xorrecord -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=format_overwrite -eject
479       This command may also be used to format BD-R media before first use, in
480       order  to  enable handling of write errors. Several hundred MB of spare
481       blocks will be reserved and write runs on such media will perform  with
482       less than half nominal speed.
483
484   De-format DVD-RW to make it capable of multi-session again:
485         $ xorrecord -v dev=/dev/sr0 blank=deformat
486
487   Write a single ISO 9660 filesystem image:
488         $ xorrecord -v dev=/dev/sr0 speed=12 fs=8m \
489                     blank=as_needed -eject padsize=300k my_image.iso
490
491   Write multiple ISO 9660 sessions:
492       This  is  possible  with  all media except minimally blanked DVD-RW and
493       DVD-R DL, which cannot do multi-session.
494       The first session is written like in the previous example, except  that
495       option -multi is used. It will contain the files of hard disk directory
496       ./tree1 under the ISO 9660 directory /dir1:
497         $ xorrisofs -o image_1.iso -J -graft-points /dir1=./tree1
498         $ xorrecord -v dev=/dev/sr0 speed=12 fs=8m \
499                     -multi --grow_overwritable_iso \
500                     blank=as_needed -eject padsize=300k image_1.iso
501       For the second session xorrisofs needs to know the -msinfo  numbers  of
502       the  medium.  Further  it  will  read data from the medium by using the
503       system's read-only CD-ROM driver.
504       It is advised to load the tray manually or via dd by the CD-ROM driver,
505       rather  than  letting  xorrecord  do  this by its own SCSI driver. Many
506       system CD-ROM drivers do not take notice of xorrecord's activities.
507         $ dd if=/dev/sr0 count=1 >/dev/null 2>&1
508       Now get the -msinfo numbers:
509         $ m=$(xorrecord dev=/dev/sr0 -msinfo)
510       and use them with xorrisofs to add ./tree2 to the image as /dir2:
511         $ xorrisofs -M /dev/sr0 -C $m -o image_2.iso \
512                     -J -graft-points /dir2=./tree2
513       Now burn the new session  onto  the  same  medium.  This  time  without
514       blanking:
515         $ xorrecord -v dev=/dev/sr0 speed=12 fs=8m \
516                     -multi --grow_overwritable_iso \
517                     -eject padsize=300k image_2.iso
518       Operating  systems  which mount this medium will read the superblock of
519       the second session and show both directories /dir1 and /dir2.
520
521   Write ISO 9660 session on-the-fly:
522       It is possible to combine the run  of  xorrisofs  and  xorrecord  in  a
523       pipeline without storing the ISO 9660 image as file on hard disk:
524         $ xorrisofs -M /dev/sr0 -C $m  \
525                     -J -graft-points /dir2=./tree2 \
526           | xorrecord -v dev=/dev/sr0 speed=12 fs=8m \
527                       -waiti -multi --grow_overwritable_iso \
528                       -eject padsize=300k -
529       This  is  also  the main use case of program xorriso itself, where this
530       run would look like:
531         $ xorriso -dev /dev/sr0 -joliet on -speed 12 -fs 8m \
532                   -map ./tree2 /dir2 -commit_eject all
533
534   Write compressed afio archive on-the-fly:
535       This is possible with all media except  minimally  blanked  DVD-RW  and
536       DVD-R  DL.   Since  the  compressed  output  stream is of very variable
537       speed, a larger fifo is advised.  Nevertheless,  this  example  is  not
538       suitable  for  very old CD drives which have no underrun protection and
539       thus would abort the burn run on temporary data shortage.
540         $ find . | afio -oZ - | \
541           xorrecord -v dev=/dev/sr0 speed=12 fs=64m \
542                     -multi padsize=300k -
543       afio  archives  do  not  contain  references  to  absolute  data  block
544       addresses.  So  they need no special precautions for multi-session. One
545       may get the session start addresses by option -toc,  and  then  use  dd
546       option  skip=  to  begin  reading  at  one of those addresses. E.g. for
547       listing its content:
548         $ dd if=/dev/sr0 bs=2048 skip=64046 | afio -tvZ -
549       afio will know when the end of the archive is reached.
550

FILES

552   Startup files:
553       If not --no_rc is given as the first argument then  xorrecord  attempts
554       on startup to read and execute lines from the following files:
555          /etc/default/xorriso
556          /etc/opt/xorriso/rc
557          /etc/xorriso/xorriso.conf
558          $HOME/.xorrisorc
559       The  files  are  read  in  the sequence given here, but none of them is
560       required to exist. The lines are not interpreted as  xorrecord  options
561       but as generic xorriso commands. See man xorriso.
562

SEE ALSO

564       For generic xorriso command mode
565              xorriso(1)
566
567       Formatting track sources for xorrecord:
568              xorrisofs(1), mkisofs(8), genisoimage(8), afio(1), star(1)
569
570       Other programs which burn sessions to optical media
571              growisofs(1), cdrecord(1), wodim(1), cdrskin(1)
572

BUGS

574       To  report  bugs,  request  help,  or suggest enhancements for xorriso,
575       please send electronic mail to the public  list  <bug-xorriso@gnu.org>.
576       If more privacy is desired, mail to <scdbackup@gmx.net>.
577       Please  describe  what  you expect xorriso to do, the program arguments
578       resp. commands by which you  tried  to  achieve  it,  the  messages  of
579       xorriso, and the undesirable outcome of your program run.
580       Expect to get asked more questions before solutions can be proposed.
581

AUTHOR

583       Thomas Schmitt <scdbackup@gmx.net>
584       for libburnia-project.org
585
587       Copyright (c) 2011 Thomas Schmitt
588       Permission  is granted to distribute this text freely. It shall only be
589       modified in sync with the technical properties of xorriso. If you  make
590       use  of the license to derive modified versions of xorriso then you are
591       entitled to modify this text under that same license.
592

CREDITS

594       xorriso is in part  based  on  work  by  Vreixo  Formoso  who  provides
595       libisofs  together  with Mario Danic who also leads the libburnia team.
596       Thanks to Andy Polyakov who invented emulated growing, to Derek Foreman
597       and Ben Jansens who once founded libburn.
598       Compliments  towards  Joerg  Schilling whose cdrtools served me for ten
599       years.
600
601
602
603                          Version 1.1.8, Nov 20, 2011             XORRECORD(1)
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