1fuse(1)                            Emulators                           fuse(1)
2
3
4

NAME

6       fuse — Sinclair ZX Spectrum emulator
7

SYNOPSIS

9       fuse [options]
10

DESCRIPTION

12       Fuse  is  a  Sinclair  ZX Spectrum emulator. It supports several models
13       (including the 128), with quite faithful emulation of the  display  and
14       sound.
15
16       The  emulator can load any of the formats supported by libspectrum(3)
17       this includes Z80, SNA and SZX snapshots, and PZX, TAP and TZX virtual-
18       tape  files.  Saving to SZX, Z80 and SNA snapshots and TZX and TAP tape
19       files is supported. The SLT extension to the Z80 format is partly  sup‐
20       ported  (enough for multi-load games); however, loading of the old DAT-
21       file variant is not.
22
23       DSK, UDI, FDI, TD0, MGT, IMG, D40, D80, SAD,  TRD,  SCL  and  OPD  disk
24       images are supported when a disk interface is being emulated, including
25       the integrated disk drives on +3, Pentagon or Scorpion machines as well
26       as  the  +D,  DISCiPLE, Opus Discovery, Beta 128 and Didaktik 80 inter‐
27       faces. DCK cartridge images are supported when emulating  a  Timex 2068
28       variant. Interface 2 ROM cartridges are also supported.
29
30       Finally,  there  is  also support for reading and writing the RZX input
31       recording format.
32
33       See the COMPRESSED FILES section for  details  on  reading  files  com‐
34       pressed with bzip2(3), gzip(3) or zip(3).
35

OPTIONS

37       --accelerate-loader
38              Specify  whether  Fuse should attempt to accelerate tape loaders
39              by “short circuiting” the loading loop.  This  will  in  general
40              speed  up  loading, but may cause some loaders to fail. (Enabled
41              by default, but you can  use  `--no-accelerate-loader'  to  dis‐
42              able). The same as the Media Options dialog's Accelerate loaders
43              option.
44
45       --aspect-hint
46              Specify whether the GTK+ and Xlib user interfaces should  `hint'
47              to  the  window manager about the preferred aspect ratio for the
48              graphics window, thus preventing resizing  to  non-square  sizes
49              which  lead  to  Fuse  not displaying correctly. This option has
50              been observed to cause problems with some window  managers  when
51              using  the  GTK+  UI  which  can  prevent  the window from being
52              resized or moved at all. (Enabled by default, but  you  can  use
53              `--no-aspect-hint'     to     disable).     See     also     the
54              `--strict-aspect-hint' option.
55
56       --autosave-settings
57              Specify whether Fuse's current settings should be  automatically
58              saved  on  exit.  The same as the General Options dialog's Auto-
59              save settings option.
60
61       --auto-load
62              Specify whether tape and  disk  files  should  be  automatically
63              loaded  when  they  are  opened  using  the  File, Open...  menu
64              option. In the case of TRD/SCL disk images, inserts also a  boot
65              loader file when none is available. (Enabled by default, but you
66              can use `--no-auto-load' to disable). Same as the Media  Options
67              dialog's Auto-load media option.
68
69       --beta128
70              Emulate  a  Beta 128  interface.  Same  as  the Disk Peripherals
71              Options dialog's Beta 128 interface option.
72
73       --beta128-48boot
74              When a Beta 128 interface is used in 48K or TC2048 emulation the
75              option  additionally controls whether the machine boots directly
76              into the TR-DOS system. Same as  the  Disk  Peripherals  Options
77              dialog's Beta 128 auto-boot in 48K machines option.
78
79       --betadisk file
80              Insert  the  specified  file  into the emulated Beta disk inter‐
81              face's drive A: and select Pentagon mode on startup.
82
83       --bw-tv
84              Specify whether the display should simulate a  colour  or  black
85              and  white  television. This option is effective under the GTK+,
86              Win32, Xlib and SDL user interfaces: the others will always sim‐
87              ulate  a  colour  TV.   The same as the General Options dialog's
88              Black and white TV option.
89
90       --cmos-z80
91              This option specifies that Fuse should emulate a  CMOS  Z80,  as
92              opposed to an NMOS Z80. Same as the General Options dialog's Z80
93              is CMOS option.
94
95       --competition-code code
96              Specify the code to be written to competition  mode  RZX  files.
97              The same as the RZX Options dialog's Competition code option.
98
99       --competition-mode
100              Specify  whether input recordings should be made in `competition
101              mode'.  The same as the RZX Options  dialog's  Competition  mode
102              option.
103
104       --compress-rzx
105              Specify  whether  RZX  files  should  be written out compressed.
106              (Enabled by default, but you can use `--no-compress-rzx' to dis‐
107              able).  Same  as  the  RZX  Options  dialog's  Compress RZX data
108              option.
109
110       --confirm-actions
111              Specify whether `dangerous' actions  (those  which  could  cause
112              data loss, for example resetting the Spectrum) require confirma‐
113              tion before occurring. (Enabled by  default,  but  you  can  use
114              `--no-confirm-actions'  to  disable). This option is the same as
115              the General Options dialog's Confirm actions option.
116
117       --covox
118              Emulate a Covox sound interface for Pentagon/Scorpion.  Same  as
119              the General Peripherals Options dialog's Covox option.
120
121       --debugger-command string
122              Specify  a  debugger  command to be run before emulator startup.
123              This can be used to set breakpoints or the like. Currently, this
124              is  the  only method to input multi-line debugger commands. (See
125              the MONITOR/DEBUGGER section for more information).
126
127       --detect-loader
128              Specify whether Fuse should attempt to detect when the  tape  is
129              being accessed and start and stop the virtual tape playing auto‐
130              matically.   (Enabled   by   default,   but    you    can    use
131              `--no-detect-loader' to disable). Same as the Media Options dia‐
132              log's Detect loaders option.
133
134       --disciple
135              Emulate a DISCiPLE  interface.  Same  as  the  Disk  Peripherals
136              Options dialog's DISCiPLE interface option.
137
138       --discipledisk file
139              Insert the specified file into the emulated DISCiPLE's drive 1.
140
141       --didaktik80
142              Emulate  a  Didaktik 80 (or Didaktik 40) disk interface. Same as
143              the Disk Peripherals  Options  dialog's  Didaktik  80  interface
144              option.
145
146       --didaktik80disk file
147              Insert  the  specified  file  into  the emulated Didaktik 80 (or
148              Didaktik 40)'s drive A.
149
150       --disk-ask-merge
151              Prompt the user to confirm whether Fuse should try to merge  the
152              `B' side of a disk image from a separate file when opening a new
153              single-sided disk image.
154
155       --disk-try-merge mode
156              Select whether Fuse should try to merge a separate file for  the
157              `B'  side  of a disk image separate file when opening a new disk
158              image. Most double sided disk images are dumped  as  two  single
159              sided  disk  images  e.g.  `Golden Axe - Side A.dsk' and `Golden
160              Axe - Side B.dsk'. So, if we want to play Golden Axe,  first  we
161              have  to  insert  the first disk image and when the game asks to
162              insert side B, we have to find and open the second  disk  image,
163              instead  of  just  `flip'-ing  the  disk  inside  the  drive. If
164              enabled, Fuse will try to open the second image too and create a
165              double  sided disk image (merging the two one sided disk images)
166              and insert this merged virtual disk into  the  disk  drive.  The
167              function  detects whether the file is one side of a double-sided
168              image  if  the  filename  matches  a   pattern   like   [Ss]ide[
169              _][abAB12][ _.] in the file name of a disk that is being opened.
170              If found, Fuse will try to open the other side of the  disk  too
171              substituting  the  appropriate  characters  in the filename e.g.
172              1→2, a→b, A→B. If successful then it will merge the  two  images
173              and now we have a double sided disk in drive. This means that if
174              we open `Golden Axe - Side A.dsk', then Fuse will  try  to  open
175              `Golden  Axe - Side B.dsk' too. Now, we can just `flip' the disk
176              if Golden Axe asks for  `Side B'.   The  available  options  are
177              Never, With single-sided drives and Always.
178
179       --divide
180              Emulate  the  DivIDE interface. The same as the Disk Peripherals
181              Options dialog's DivIDE interface option.
182
183       --divide-masterfile file
184       --divide-slavefile file
185              Specify an IDE image to be loaded  into  the  DivIDE's  emulated
186              master and slave drives respectively.
187
188       --divide-write-protect
189              Specify  that  the emulated DivIDE's write protect jumper should
190              be considered set. The same as the Disk Peripherals Options dia‐
191              log's DivIDE write protect option.
192
193       --divmmc
194              Emulate  the  DivMMC interface. The same as the Disk Peripherals
195              Options dialog's DivMMC interface option.
196
197       --divmmc-file file
198              Specify an HDF image to be loaded  into  the  DivMMC's  emulated
199              memory card.
200
201       --divmmc-write-protect
202              Specify  that  the  emulated  DivMMC's write protect jumper that
203              protects EEPROM should be considered set. The same as  the  Disk
204              Peripherals Options dialog's DivMMC write protect option.
205
206       --dock file
207              Insert  the  specified file into the emulated Timex 2068 variant
208              dock; also select the TC2068 on startup if available.
209
210       -D mode
211       --doublescan-mode mode
212              Specify whether to use doublescan modes in the FB UI.  Available
213              values  for mode are 0, 1 and 2. 0 means `never doublescan' (use
214              640×480 at either 72 Hz or 60 Hz), whereas 1  and  2  both  mean
215              `try to use doublescan' and will fall back on the 640×480 modes.
216              1 selects 72 Hz modes (the same size and shape as  your  typical
217              640×480), and 2 selects 60 Hz modes (overscan).
218
219              If your monitor displays a blank screen when using 1 or 2, press
220              F10 then try a different option or say `--fbmode 640'.
221
222       --drive-plus3a-type type
223       --drive-plus3b-type type
224       --drive-beta128a-type type
225       --drive-beta128b-type type
226       --drive-beta128c-type type
227       --drive-beta128d-type type
228       --drive-plusd1-type type
229       --drive-plusd2-type type
230       --drive-didaktik80a-type type
231       --drive-didaktik80b-type type
232       --drive-disciple1-type type
233       --drive-disciple2-type type
234       --drive-opus1-type type
235       --drive-opus2-type type
236              Specify a disk drive type to emulate with the associated  inter‐
237              face.   The  available  options  are  Disabled,  Single-sided 40
238              track, Double-sided 40 track, Single-sided  80  track  and  Dou‐
239              ble-sided 80 track.  See the Disk Options dialog for more infor‐
240              mation.  The Disabled option is not supported  for  Drive  1  or
241              Drive A of any interface.
242
243       --drive-40-max-track count
244       --drive-80-max-track count
245              Specify  the maximum number of tracks for 40 and 80 track physi‐
246              cal drives respectively.
247
248       --embed-snapshot
249              Specify whether a snapshot should be embedded  in  an  RZX  file
250              when recording is started from an existing snapshot. (Enabled by
251              default, but you can use `--no-embed-snapshot' to disable). Same
252              as the RZX Options dialog's Always embed snapshot option.
253
254       --fastload
255              Specify  whether  Fuse  should run at the fastest possible speed
256              when the virtual tape is playing. (Enabled by default,  but  you
257              can  use  `--no-fastload'  to  disable).  The  same as the Media
258              Options dialog's Fastloading option.
259
260       -v mode
261       --fbmode mode
262              Specify which mode to use for the FB UI.  Available  values  for
263              mode  are  `320'  (which corresponds to a 320×240×256 mode), the
264              default and `640' (a 640×480×256 mode).
265
266       --fuller
267              Emulate a Fuller Box interface. Same as the General  Peripherals
268              Options dialog's Fuller Box option.
269
270       --full-screen
271              Specify  whether  Fuse  should  run  in  full screen mode.  This
272              option is effective only under the SDL UI.
273
274       -g filter
275       --graphics-filter mode
276              Specify which graphics filter to use if available.  The  default
277              is  normal,  which  uses no filtering. The available options are
278              2x, 2xsai, 3x, advmame2x, advmame3x, dotmatrix, half,  halfskip,
279              hq2x,  hq3x,  normal, super2xsai, supereagle, timex15x, timextv,
280              tv2x, paltv, paltv2x, and paltv3x.   See  the  GRAPHICS  FILTERS
281              section for more details.
282
283       --graphicsfile file
284              Set  the  filename  used  for graphical output from the emulated
285              ZX Printer. See the PRINTER EMULATION section for more details.
286
287       -h
288       --help
289              Give brief usage help, listing available options.
290
291       --if2cart file
292              Insert the specified file into the emulated Interface 2.
293
294       --interface1
295              Emulate a Sinclair Interface 1. Same as the General  Peripherals
296              Options dialog's Interface 1 option.
297
298       --interface2
299              Emulate a Sinclair Interface 2. (Enabled by default, but you can
300              use `--no-interface2' to disable). Same as the General Peripher‐
301              als Options dialog's Interface 2 option.
302
303       --issue2
304              Emulate  an  issue 2  keyboard. Same as the General Options dia‐
305              log's Issue 2 keyboard option.
306
307       -j device
308       --joystick-1 device
309              Read from device to emulate the first joystick.  Fuse  will  use
310              either `/dev/input/js0' or `/dev/js0' by default.
311
312       --joystick-2 device
313              As  for  --joystick-1  but  for the second joystick; the default
314              here is either `/dev/input/js1' or `/dev/js1'.
315
316       --joystick-1-output type
317       --joystick-2-output type
318       --joystick-keyboard-output type
319              Select which joystick interface to attach for the first two real
320              joysticks  and the keyboard joystick. The default is 0, which is
321              no output. The available options are 1 (cursor), 2 (kempston), 3
322              (Sinclair 1),  4  (Sinclair 2),  5 (Timex 1), 6 (Timex 2), and 7
323              (Fuller). Same as the Joysticks Options dialog's  Joystick  type
324              option.
325
326       --joystick-1-fire-1 code
327       --joystick-1-fire-2 code
328       --joystick-1-fire-3 code
329       --joystick-1-fire-4 code
330       --joystick-1-fire-5 code
331       --joystick-1-fire-6 code
332       --joystick-1-fire-7 code
333       --joystick-1-fire-8 code
334       --joystick-1-fire-9 code
335       --joystick-1-fire-10 code
336       --joystick-1-fire-11 code
337       --joystick-1-fire-12 code
338       --joystick-1-fire-13 code
339       --joystick-1-fire-14 code
340       --joystick-1-fire-15 code
341       --joystick-2-fire-1 code
342       --joystick-2-fire-2 code
343       --joystick-2-fire-3 code
344       --joystick-2-fire-4 code
345       --joystick-2-fire-5 code
346       --joystick-2-fire-6 code
347       --joystick-2-fire-7 code
348       --joystick-2-fire-8 code
349       --joystick-2-fire-9 code
350       --joystick-2-fire-10 code
351       --joystick-2-fire-11 code
352       --joystick-2-fire-12 code
353       --joystick-2-fire-13 code
354       --joystick-2-fire-14 code
355       --joystick-2-fire-15 code
356              Select which Fuse key code should be triggered by the applicable
357              real joystick button press. The  codes  are  the  Fuse  keyboard
358              codes corresponding to the keys. The default value is 4096 which
359              corresponds to the virtual joystick fire  button.  Same  as  the
360              Joysticks Options dialog's Joystick fire options.
361
362       --joystick-keyboard-up code
363       --joystick-keyboard-down code
364       --joystick-keyboard-left code
365       --joystick-keyboard-right code
366       --joystick-keyboard-fire code
367              Select which Fuse key code should correspond with each direction
368              and fire for the keyboard virtual joystick. The same as the Key‐
369              board Joysticks Options dialog's Button for UP, Button for DOWN,
370              Button for LEFT, Button for RIGHT and Button  for  FIRE  options
371              respectively.
372
373       --joystick-prompt
374              If  this  option  is  specified, then Fuse will prompt you which
375              form of joystick emulation you wish to use when loading a  snap‐
376              shot. No prompt will be issued if the configuration in the snap‐
377              shot matches what you are currently using. The same as the  Gen‐
378              eral Options dialog's Snap joystick prompt option.
379
380       --kempston
381              Emulate  a  Kempston  joystick.  Same as the General Peripherals
382              Options dialog's Kempston joystick option.
383
384       --kempston-mouse
385              Emulate a  Kempston  mouse.  Same  as  the  General  Peripherals
386              Options dialog's Kempston mouse option.
387
388       --keyboard-arrows-shifted
389              Treat  the  keyboard arrow keys as shifted like the ZX Spectrum+
390              keyboard's arrow keys or as unshifted  like  a  cursor  joystick
391              that  maps  to  the 5, 6, 7 and 8 keys. (Enabled by default, but
392              you can use `--no-keyboard-arrows-shifted' to disable). Same  as
393              the  General  Peripherals  Options dialog's Use shift with arrow
394              keys option.
395
396       --late-timings
397              It has been observed that some real Spectrums run such that  the
398              screen is rendered one tstate later than on other real hardware.
399              This option specifies that Fuse should emulate such  a  machine.
400              Same as the General Options dialog's Late timings option.
401
402       --loading-sound
403              Specify whether the sound made while tapes are loading should be
404              emulated. (Enabled by  default,  but  you  can  use  `--no-load‐
405              ing-sound' to disable). Same as the Sound Options dialog's Load‐
406              ing sound option.
407
408       -m type
409       --machine type
410              Specify machine type to emulate initially. The default is 48,  a
411              48K Spectrum.  The  available  options are 16, 48, 48_ntsc, 128,
412              plus2, plus2a, plus3, 2048, 2068, ts2068, pentagon, pentagon512,
413              pentagon1024, scorpion and se.
414
415       --melodik
416              Emulate a Melodik AY interface for 16/48k Spectrums. Same as the
417              General Peripherals Options dialog's Melodik option.
418
419       --mdr-len length
420              This option controls the number of blocks in  a  new  Microdrive
421              cartridge.  Same as the Media Options dialog's MDR cartridge len
422              option.
423
424       --mdr-random-len
425              If this option is set, Fuse will use a  random  Microdrive  car‐
426              tridge  length. Same as the Media Options dialog's Random length
427              MDR cartridge option.
428
429       --microdrive-file file
430       --microdrive-2-file file
431       --microdrive-3-file file
432       --microdrive-4-file file
433       --microdrive-5-file file
434       --microdrive-6-file file
435       --microdrive-7-file file
436       --microdrive-8-file file
437              Specify Interface 1 Microdrive cartridge files to open.
438
439       --mouse-swap-buttons
440              Swap the left and right mouse buttons when emulating  the  Kemp‐
441              ston  mouse.  The  same as the General Peripherals dialog's Swap
442              mouse buttons option.
443
444       --movie-compr level
445              This option  sets  the  compression  level  used  when  creating
446              movies.  Same  as  the  Movie Options dialog's Movie compression
447              option. The available  options  are  None,  Lossless,  and  High
448              (lossy).  The  default  option  is Lossless.  See also the MOVIE
449              RECORDING section.
450
451       --movie-start filename
452              With this command line option, Fuse will start  movie  recording
453              as soon as the emulator is started. See also the MOVIE RECORDING
454              section.
455
456       --movie-stop-after-rzx
457              With this command line option, Fuse will  stop  movie  recording
458              when  RZX  playback  or  RZX  recording  ends. Same as the Movie
459              Options dialog's Stop recording after RZX ends option.  (Enabled
460              by  default, but you can use `--no-movie-stop-after-rzx' to dis‐
461              able).  See also the MOVIE RECORDING section.
462
463       --multiface1
464              Emulate a Romantic Robot Multiface One interface.  Same  as  the
465              General Peripherals Options dialog's Multiface One option.
466
467       --multiface128
468              Emulate  a  Romantic  Robot Multiface 128 interface. Same as the
469              General Peripherals Options dialog's Multiface 128 option.
470
471       --multiface3
472              Emulate a Romantic Robot Multiface 3 interface. Same as the Gen‐
473              eral Peripherals Options dialog's Multiface 3 option.
474
475       --multiface1-stealth
476              Set  Multiface  One  stealth/invisible mode. Same as the General
477              Peripherals Options dialog's Stealth Multiface One option.
478
479       --opus
480              Emulate an Opus Discovery interface. Same as the Disk  Peripher‐
481              als Options dialog's Opus Discovery interface option.
482
483       --opusdisk file
484              Insert  the  specified  file  into the emulated Opus Discovery's
485              drive 1.
486
487       --pal-tv2x
488              Specify whether the PAL TV 2x and PAL TV 3x scalers should  also
489              produce  scanlines  along  the  lines  of the TV 2x and Timex TV
490              scalers.  The same as the General Options  dialog's  PAL-TV  use
491              TV2x effect option.
492
493       --phantom-typist-mode mode
494              Specify  the keystroke sequence that the "phantom typist" should
495              use when starting a program loading. The available  options  are
496              Auto, Keyword, Keystroke, Menu, Plus 2A and Plus 3.  The same as
497              the Media Options dialog's Phantom typist mode option.
498
499       -p file
500       --playback file
501              Specify an RZX file to begin playback from.
502
503       --plus3disk file
504              Insert the specified file into the emulated +3's A: drive;  also
505              select the +3 on startup if available.
506
507       --plus3-detect-speedlock
508              Specify  whether the +3 drives try to detect Speedlock protected
509              disks, and emulate `weak' sectors.  If the disk image file (EDSK
510              or  UDI)  contains weak sector data, than Speedlock detection is
511              automatically omitted.  See also the  WEAK  DISK  DATA  section.
512              Same as the Disk Options dialog's +3 Detect Speedlock option.
513
514       --plusd
515              Emulate  a  +D  interface.  Same as the Disk Peripherals Options
516              dialog's +D interface option.
517
518       --plusddisk file
519              Insert the specified file into the emulated +D's drive 1.
520
521       --printer
522              Specify whether the emulation should include a printer. Same  as
523              the   General  Peripherals  Options  dialog's  Emulate  printers
524              option.
525
526       --rate frame
527              Specify the frame rate, the ratio of spectrum frame  updates  to
528              real  frame  updates. Same as the General Options dialog's Frame
529              rate option.
530
531       -r file
532       --record file
533              Specify an RZX file to begin recording to.
534
535       --recreated-spectrum
536              Enable the use of a Recreated ZX Spectrum in  `Layer  A'  (game)
537              mode.  This  is  a  Bluetooth keyboard that can be paired to the
538              device where Fuse is running. The same as  the  General  Options
539              dialog's Recreated ZX Spectrum option.
540
541       --rom-16 file
542       --rom-48 file
543       --rom-128-0 file
544       --rom-128-1 file
545       --rom-plus2-0 file
546       --rom-plus2-1 file
547       --rom-plus2a-0 file
548       --rom-plus2a-1 file
549       --rom-plus2a-2 file
550       --rom-plus2a-3 file
551       --rom-plus3-0 file
552       --rom-plus3-1 file
553       --rom-plus3-2 file
554       --rom-plus3-3 file
555       --rom-plus3e-0 file
556       --rom-plus3e-1 file
557       --rom-plus3e-2 file
558       --rom-plus3e-3 file
559       --rom-tc2048 file
560       --rom-tc2068-0 file
561       --rom-tc2068-1 file
562       --rom-ts2068-0 file
563       --rom-ts2068-1 file
564       --rom-pentagon-0 file
565       --rom-pentagon-1 file
566       --rom-pentagon-2 file
567       --rom-pentagon512-0 file
568       --rom-pentagon512-1 file
569       --rom-pentagon512-2 file
570       --rom-pentagon512-3 file
571       --rom-pentagon1024-0 file
572       --rom-pentagon1024-1 file
573       --rom-pentagon1024-2 file
574       --rom-pentagon1024-3 file
575       --rom-scorpion-0 file
576       --rom-scorpion-1 file
577       --rom-scorpion-2 file
578       --rom-scorpion-3 file
579       --rom-spec-se-0 file
580       --rom-spec-se-1 file
581              Specify  the  file  to be used for ROM(s) used for each machine.
582              The options respectively refer  to  the  16K Spectrum  (48.rom),
583              48K Spectrum  (48.rom),  the  two  ROMs  for  the  128K Spectrum
584              (128-0.rom and 128-1.rom), the two ROMs for the +2  (plus2-0.rom
585              and  plus2-1.rom),  the  four  ROMs  for  the  +2A (plus3-0.rom,
586              plus3-1.rom, plus3-2.rom and plus3-3.rom), the four ROMs for the
587              +3  (plus3-0.rom, plus3-1.rom, plus3-2.rom and plus3-3.rom), the
588              four enhanced ROMs  for  the  +3e  (plus3e-0.rom,  plus3e-1.rom,
589              plus3e-2.rom and plus3e-3.rom), the TC2048 ROM (tc2048.rom), the
590              two ROMs for the TC2068 (tc2068-0.rom and tc2068-1.rom), the two
591              ROMs  for  the  TS2068  (tc2068-0.rom and tc2068-1.rom), the two
592              main ROMs and the TR-DOS ROM for the Pentagon 128K  (128p-0.rom,
593              128p-1.rom and trdos.rom), the two main ROMs, the TR-DOS ROM and
594              a reset service ROM for the Pentagon 512K and 1024K (128p-0.rom,
595              128p-1.rom,  trdos.rom  and  gluck.rom),  the  four ROMs for the
596              Scorpion   256   (256s-0.rom,   256s-1.rom,    256s-2.rom    and
597              256s-3.rom),  and the two ROMs for the Spectrum SE (se-0.rom and
598              se-1.rom).
599
600              The names in brackets denote the defaults.  Note  that  not  all
601              these  ROMs  are  supplied  with Fuse — you must supply your own
602              copies of those which are not.
603
604       --rom-interface-1 file
605       --rom-beta128 file
606       --rom-plusd file
607       --rom-didaktik80 file
608       --rom-disciple file
609       --rom-multiface1 file
610       --rom-multiface128 file
611       --rom-multiface3 file
612       --rom-opus file
613       --rom-speccyboot file
614       --rom-usource file
615              Specify the file to be used for ROM(s) used for each peripheral.
616              The   options   respectively   refer   to  the  Interface 1  ROM
617              (if1-2.rom), the TR-DOS ROM for Beta 128 emulation with the 48K,
618              TC2048,  128K  or  +2  (trdos.rom),  the +D ROM (plusd.rom), the
619              Didaktik 80  ROM  (didaktik80.rom),  the  DISCiPLE  ROM  (disci‐
620              ple.rom), the Multiface One ROM (mf1.rom), the Multiface 128 ROM
621              (mf128.rom), the Multiface 3 ROM (mf3.rom), the  Opus  Discovery
622              ROM (opus.rom), the SpeccyBoot ROM (speccyboot-1.4.rom), and the
623              µSource ROM (usource.rom).
624
625              The names in brackets denote the defaults.  Note  that  not  all
626              these  ROMs  are  supplied  with Fuse — you must supply your own
627              copies of those which are not.
628
629       --no-rs232-handshake
630              This option makes Fuse's Interface 1 emulation assume  that  the
631              RS-232 line other end is live when you connect the communication
632              channels.  See also the `--rs232-rx' and `--rs232-tx' options.
633
634       --rs232-rx
635       --rs232-tx
636              Specify the communication channels (FIFO or file) to be used for
637              Interface 1  RS-232  emulation as RxD and TxD wire. See also the
638              `--rs232-handshake' options.
639
640       --rzx-autosaves
641              Specify that, while recording an RZX file, Fuse should automati‐
642              cally  add  a  snapshot to the recording stream every 5 seconds.
643              (Default to on, but you can  use  `--no-rzx-autosaves'  to  dis‐
644              able). Same as the RZX Options dialog's Create autosaves option;
645              see there for more details.
646
647       --sdl-fullscreen-mode mode
648              Select a screen resolution for full screen mode. Available  val‐
649              ues  for  mode  are  listed in a table, when Fuse is called with
650              --sdl-fullscreen-mode list command line option.  This option  is
651              effective only under the SDL UI.
652
653       --separation type
654              Give  stereo  separation of the 128's AY sound channels. Same as
655              the General Options dialog's AY stereo  separation  option.  The
656              available options are None, ACB, and ABC.  The default option is
657              None.
658
659       --simpleide
660              Specify whether Fuse will emulate the simple 8-bit IDE interface
661              as  used  by  the  Spectrum +3e.  Same  as  the Disk Peripherals
662              Options dialog's Simple 8-bit IDE option.
663
664       --simpleide-masterfile file
665              Specify a HDF file to connect to the emulated Simple  8-bit  IDE
666              interface's master channel.
667
668       --simpleide-slavefile file
669              Specify  a  HDF file to connect to the emulated Simple 8-bit IDE
670              interface's slave channel.
671
672       --slt
673              Support the SLT trap instruction. (Enabled by default,  but  you
674              can  use  `--no-slt' to disable). Same as the Media Options dia‐
675              log's Use .slt traps option.
676
677       -s file
678       --snapshot file
679              Specify a snapshot file to load. The file can be in any snapshot
680              format supported by libspectrum(3).
681
682       --sound
683              Specify  whether Fuse should produce sound. (Enabled by default,
684              but you can use `--no-sound' to  disable).  Same  as  the  Sound
685              Options dialog's Sound enabled option.
686
687       -d device
688       --sound-device device
689              Specify  the  sound output device to use and any options to give
690              that device. If you are not using the SDL UI or using  libao  or
691              libasound  (ALSA)  for  sound  output, then the device parameter
692              just specifies the device to be used for sound output.
693
694              If you are using the SDL UI, the device parameter allows you  to
695              specify  the  audio  driver to be used (e.g. dsp, alsa, dma, esd
696              and arts).
697
698              If you are using libao for sound output,  the  device  parameter
699              allows  you  to specify the device used for sound output (either
700              `live' to a speaker or to a file) and the parameters to be  used
701              for  that  device. In general, the device parameter has the form
702              driver[:param[=value][,param[=value][,...]].  driver selects the
703              libao driver to be used, either one of the `live' drivers (aixs,
704              alsa, alsa09, arts, esd, irix, macosx, nas, oss  or  sun)  or  a
705              file driver (au, raw, wav or null).  The available parameter and
706              value pairs for each device are:
707
708              ·      aixs: AIX audio system
709
710                     ·      dev=device
711                            `device' gives the AIX sound device.
712
713              ·      alsa: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture version 0.5.x
714
715                     ·      card=num
716                            `num' gives the ALSA card number.
717
718                     ·      dev=num
719                            `num' gives the ALSA device number.
720
721                     ·      buf_size=num
722                            `num' gives the ALSA buffer size in bytes.
723
724              ·      alsa09: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture version 0.9+
725
726                     ·      dev=string
727                            `string' specifies the ALSA device e.g. hw:1.2
728
729                     ·      buffer_time=num
730                            `num' gives the ALSA buffer time in microseconds.
731
732                     ·      period_time=num
733                            `num' gives the ALSA period time in microseconds.
734
735                     ·      use_mmap=yes|y|true|t|1
736                            specifies that libao use memory mapped transfer.
737
738              ·      arts: aRts soundserver: no parameters.
739
740              ·      esd: Enlightened Sound Daemon.
741
742                     ·      host=string
743                            `string' gives the ESD host specification.
744
745              ·      irix: IRIX Audio Library: no parameters.
746
747              ·      macosx: MacOS X CoreAudio: no parameters.
748
749              ·      nas: Network Audio System.
750
751                     ·      host=string
752                            `string' gives the NAS host specification.
753
754                     ·      buf_size=num
755                            `num' gives the buffer size on the server.
756
757              ·      oss: Open Sound System.
758
759                     ·      dsp=string
760                            `string' gives the OSS  device  to  be  used  e.g.
761                            /dev/sound/dsp1
762
763              ·      sun: SUN audio system.
764
765                     ·      dev=string
766                            `string' gives the audio device to be used.
767
768              ·      au: SUN Sparc audio file: no parameters.
769
770              ·      raw: raw file.
771
772                     ·      byteorder=string
773                            `string'  can  be any of native (host native byte‐
774                            order),  big  (big  endian)  or   little   (little
775                            endian).
776
777              ·      wav: Microsoft audio file: no parameters.
778
779              ·      null: null output: no parameters.
780
781              ·      debug: for debugging libao.
782
783              Finally, each of the file output types (au, raw and wav) have an
784              extra option `file=filename' where  `filename'  gives  the  file
785              output  will be directed to. This defaults to `fuse-sound.ao' if
786              it is not specified.
787
788              Some examples of use:
789
790              fuse -d alsa09:dev=hw:1
791
792              causes Fuse to use ALSA 0.9+ output with the second  (#1)  sound
793              card.
794
795              fuse -d raw:byteorder=little,file=enigma.raw
796
797              causes Fuse to save little endian words to `enigma.raw'.
798
799              See the `DEVICE' section of ogg123(1) for up to date information
800              of devices and options (except for the `file'  option  which  is
801              provided by Fuse itself).
802
803              If  you are using libasound or ALSA for sound output, the device
804              parameter allows you to specify the device used for sound output
805              and  some parameters to be used for that device. In general, the
806              device parameter has the form
807              devstr or
808              param[=value][,param[=value][,...][,devstr].
809
810              ·      devstr: selects the ALSA device used, it can be any  com‐
811                     plex or simple ALSA device name. e.g.: default or hw:0 or
812                     tee:plughw:0,'/tmp/out.raw',raw.  See  the  alsa-lib  pcm
813                     api                      reference                     at
814                     http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/pcm.html
815                     for further explanation.
816
817              ·      param and values:
818
819                     ·      buffer=nnnn:   set  the  ALSA  buffer  in  frames,
820                            smaller value cause smaller sound  delay  but  may
821                            more  buffer  underrun  (pops  and clicks), larger
822                            value cause longer delay but  fewer  underrun.  By
823                            default  Fuse  determine  the buffer size based on
824                            the actual sound frequency.
825
826                            If you use some special plugin for your pcm device
827                            (e.g.:  dmix) or your card not support some needed
828                            parameter (e.g.  cannot  play  other  only  48 kHz
829                            stereo  sound like some AC97 sound card) may cause
830                            Fuse unable to set the needed buffer size,  appro‐
831                            priate sound frequency, channels and so on, there‐
832                            fore you cannot get optimal result or not hear the
833                            sound  at  all.  In  this  case  try the plughw:#,
834                            (where # mean your card number counted from 0) for
835                            ALSA device.
836
837                     ·      verbose : if given, fuse report ALSA buffer under‐
838                            runs to stderr.
839
840              Some examples of use:
841
842              fuse -d verbose,buffer=2000
843
844              causes Fuse to use the  default  ALSA  device  with  2000  frame
845              length buffer and report ALSA buffer underruns on stderr.
846
847              fuse -d tee:plughw:0,'/tmp/aufwm.raw',raw
848
849              causes  Fuse  to  use  the  first card and parallel save the raw
850              audio samples into /tmp/aufwm.raw file.
851
852       --sound-force-8bit
853              Force the use of 8-bit sound, even if 16-bit is  possible.  Same
854              as the Sound Options dialog's Force 8-bit option.
855
856       -f frequency
857       --sound-freq frequency
858              Specify what frequency Fuse should use for the sound device, the
859              default is 44.1 kHz, but some devices only support a single fre‐
860              quency or a limited range (e.g.  48 kHz or up to 22 kHz).
861
862       --speaker-type type
863              Select  the  output  speaker  emulation, type can be TV speaker,
864              Beeper or Unfiltered. Same as the Sound Options dialog's Speaker
865              type option.
866
867       --speccyboot
868              Emulate  a  SpeccyBoot  Ethernet  interface. Same as the General
869              Peripherals Options dialog's SpeccyBoot option. See the  Speccy‐
870              Boot  web page at http://patrikpersson.github.io/speccyboot/ for
871              full details on the SpeccyBoot.
872
873       --speccyboot-tap device
874              Specify the TAP device to use for SpeccyBoot emulation.
875
876       --specdrum
877              Emulate a SpecDrum interface. Same as  the  General  Peripherals
878              Options  dialog's  SpecDrum  option.  See  the World of Spectrum
879              Infoseek  web  page   at   http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infos
880              eekid.cgi?id=1000062 for manuals, software and more.
881
882       --spectranet
883              Specify whether Fuse will emulate the Spectranet Ethernet inter‐
884              face.  Same as the General Peripherals  Options  dialog's  Spec‐
885              tranet  option.  See  the  SPECTRANET EMULATION section for more
886              details.
887
888       --spectranet-disable
889              This option controls the state of the Spectranet automatic page-
890              in jumper (J2). Same as the General Peripherals Options dialog's
891              Spectranet disable option. See the SPECTRANET EMULATION  section
892              for more details.
893
894       --speed percentage
895              Specify  the  speed  (as a percentage of real Spectrum speed) at
896              which emulation should attempt to proceed. Same as  the  General
897              Options dialog's Emulation speed option.
898
899       --statusbar
900              For  the  GTK+  and  Win32 UI, enables the statusbar beneath the
901              display. For the Xlib and SDL UI, enables the status icons show‐
902              ing  whether  the  disk and tape are being accessed. Same as the
903              General Options dialog's Show statusbar option.
904
905       --strict-aspect-hint
906              For the GTK+ UI, use stricter limits for the aspect ratio limits
907              set  by  the  `--aspect-hint' option. This can cause some window
908              managers (for example, metacity(1)) to not allow the  window  to
909              be  resized  and  moved, but is necessary to prevent others (for
910              example, fvwm(1)) from being able resize the  window  away  from
911              square.
912
913       --svga-modes mode1,mode2,mode3
914              Specify  which  SVGA mode to use for the SVGAlib UI at different
915              screen sizes. Available values for mode1, mode2  and  mode3  are
916              listed  in a table, when Fuse called with --svga-modes list com‐
917              mand line option.  When user select a not available mode  for  a
918              size,  Fuse  just  ignore  and try to find the best mode for it.
919              e.g.  with  --svga-modes   0,0,12   Fuse   use   the   specified
920              1024×768×256  SVGA mode for triple size filters, but select SVGA
921              modes automatically for normal  or  double  size  filters.   The
922              above mode number is just an example, and mode numbers and their
923              meanings may vary graphics card by graphics card.
924
925       -t file
926       --tape file
927              Specify a virtual tape file to use. It must be in  PZX,  TAP  or
928              TZX format.
929
930       --textfile file
931              Set  the  filename used for text output from the emulated print‐
932              ers. See the PRINTER EMULATION section below for more details.
933
934       --traps
935              Support traps for ROM tape loading/saving. (Enabled by  default,
936              but  you  can  use  `--no-traps'  to disable). Same as the Media
937              Options dialog's Use tape traps option.
938
939       --unittests
940              This option runs a testing framework that  automatically  checks
941              portions  of  code, comparing actual results with expected ones.
942              It is meant to detect broken code before a release. There is not
943              graphical  mode,  the  program just ends with exit code 0 if all
944              tests are good or prints error messages to stdout and ends  with
945              exit code greater than 0 if there are failed tests.
946
947       --usource
948              Emulate  a  µSource  interface.  Same as the General Peripherals
949              Options dialog's µSource option.
950
951       -V
952       --version
953              Show which version of Fuse is being used.
954
955       --volume-ay volume
956              Sets the relative volume of the AY-3-8912 chip from a  range  of
957              0–100%. Same as the Sound Options dialog's AY volume option.
958
959       --volume-beeper volume
960              Sets  the  relative volume of the beeper from a range of 0–100%.
961              Same as the Sound Options dialog's Beeper volume option.
962
963       --volume-covox volume
964              Sets the relative volume of the Covox from a  range  of  0–100%.
965              Same as the Sound Options dialog's Covox volume option.
966
967       --volume-specdrum volume
968              Sets the relative volume of the SpecDrum from a range of 0–100%.
969              Same as the Sound Options dialog's SpecDrum volume option.
970
971       --writable-roms
972              Allow Spectrum programs to overwrite the ROM(s). The same as the
973              General Options dialog's Allow writes to ROM option.
974
975       --zxatasp
976              Specify  whether Fuse emulate the ZXATASP interface. Same as the
977              Disk Peripherals Options dialog's ZXATASP interface option.
978
979       --zxatasp-upload
980              Specify the state of the ZXATASP upload jumper. Same as the Disk
981              Peripherals Options dialog's ZXATASP upload option.
982
983       --zxatasp-write-protect
984              Specify  the  state of the ZXATASP write protect jumper. Same as
985              the Disk Peripherals  Options  dialog's  ZXATASP  write  protect
986              option.
987
988       --zxatasp-masterfile file
989              Specify  a  HDF  file  to connect to the emulated ZXATASP inter‐
990              face's master channel.
991
992       --zxatasp-slavefile file
993              Specify a HDF file to connect to  the  emulated  ZXATASP  inter‐
994              face's slave channel.
995
996       --zxcf
997              Specify  whether  Fuse  emulate  the ZXCF interface. Same as the
998              Disk Peripherals Options dialog's ZXCF interface option.
999
1000       --zxcf-upload
1001              Specify the state of the ZXCF upload jumper. Same  as  the  Disk
1002              Peripherals Options dialog's ZXCF upload option.
1003
1004       --zxcf-cffile file
1005              Specify a HDF file to connect to the emulated ZXCF interface.
1006
1007       --zxmmc
1008              Emulate  the  ZXMMC  interface. The same as the Disk Peripherals
1009              Options dialog's ZXMMC interface option.
1010
1011       --zxmmc-file file
1012              Specify an HDF image to be loaded into the ZXMMC's emulated mem‐
1013              ory card.
1014
1015       --zxprinter
1016              Emulate  the ZX Printer. Same as the General Peripherals Options
1017              dialog's ZX Printer option.
1018
1019       All long options which control on/off settings can  be  disabled  using
1020       `--no-foo'  (for  an  option  `--foo').   For  example, the opposite of
1021       `--issue2' is `--no-issue2'.  These options can also be modified  while
1022       the emulator is running, using the options dialogs — see the documenta‐
1023       tion for the Options menu in the MENUS AND KEYS section for details.
1024

THE VARIOUS FRONT-ENDS

1026       Fuse supports various front-ends, or UIs (user interfaces).  The  usual
1027       one  is  GTK+-based,  but  there are also SDL, Win32, Xlib, SVGAlib and
1028       framebuffer ones.
1029
1030       The important difference to note is that GTK+ and Win32  versions  uses
1031       `native'  dialog  boxes  etc.  (behaving like a fairly normal GUI-based
1032       program) while the others use  an  alternative,  Fuse-specific  `widget
1033       UI'.  This  latter  front-end  is easily spotted by the way it uses the
1034       main Fuse window/screen for menus and dialogs, and uses the  Spectrum's
1035       own font.
1036
1038       Since  many of the keys available are devoted to emulation of the Spec‐
1039       trum's keyboard, the primary way of  controlling  Fuse  itself  (rather
1040       than  the  emulated  machine) is via the menus. There are also function
1041       key shortcuts for some menu options.
1042
1043       In the GTK+ and Win32 version, the menu bar is always  visible  at  the
1044       top  of  the  Fuse  window.  You can click on a menu name to pop it up.
1045       Alternatively, you can press F1 to display a pop-up version of the menu
1046       bar, which you can then navigate with the cursor keys or mouse.
1047
1048       In  the widget UI pressing F1 is the only way to get the main menu; and
1049       unlike the GTK+ version, the emulator pauses while the menus are  being
1050       navigated.  The  menus  show which key to press for each menu option in
1051       brackets. Pressing Esc exits a menu, and pressing Enter exits the  menu
1052       system entirely (as well as `confirming' any current dialog).
1053
1054       Here's  what  the menu options do, along with the function key mappings
1055       for those items which have them:
1056
1057       F3
1058       File, Open...
1059              Open a Spectrum file. Snapshots will be loaded into memory; tape
1060              images  will be inserted into the emulated tape deck, and if the
1061              Auto-load media option is set will being loading. Opening a disk
1062              image  or  a Timex dock image will cause the appropriate machine
1063              type (+3, Pentagon or TC2068) to  be  selected  with  the  image
1064              inserted,  and  disks  will  automatically load if the Auto-load
1065              media option is set. See the FILE SELECTION  section  below  for
1066              details  on  how to choose the file. Note that this behaviour is
1067              different from previous versions of Fuse, when this option would
1068              open only snapshots.
1069
1070       F2
1071       File, Save Snapshot...
1072              Save  a snapshot (machine state, memory contents, etc.) to file.
1073              You can select the filename to be saved to. If it  has  a  .szx,
1074              .z80  or .sna extension, the snapshot will be saved in that for‐
1075              mat. Otherwise, it will be saved as a .szx file.
1076
1077       File, Recording, Record...
1078              Start recording input to an RZX file, initialised from the  cur‐
1079              rent  emulation  state.  You  will be prompted for a filename to
1080              use.
1081
1082       File, Recording, Record from snapshot...
1083              Start recording input to an RZX file, initialised from  a  snap‐
1084              shot.  You  will first be asked for the snapshot to use and then
1085              the file to save the recording to.
1086
1087       File, Recording, Continue recording...
1088              Continue recording input into an existing RZX file from the last
1089              recorded state. Finalised recordings cannot be resumed. You will
1090              be prompted for the recording to continue.
1091
1092       Insert
1093       File, Recording, Insert snapshot
1094              Inserts a snapshot of the current state into the RZX file.  This
1095              can  be used at a later point to roll back to the inserted state
1096              by using one of the commands below.
1097
1098       Delete
1099       File, Recording, Rollback
1100              Rolls back the recording to the  point  at  which  the  previous
1101              snapshot was inserted. Recording will continue from that point.
1102
1103       File, Recording, Rollback to...
1104              Roll  back the recording to any snapshot which has been inserted
1105              into the recording.
1106
1107       File, Recording, Play...
1108              Playback recorded input from an RZX file. This lets  you  replay
1109              keypresses  recorded  previously.  RZX files generally contain a
1110              snapshot with the Spectrum's state at the start of  the  record‐
1111              ing;  if the selected RZX file doesn't, you'll be prompted for a
1112              snapshot to load as well.
1113
1114       File, Recording, Stop
1115              Stop any currently-recording/playing RZX file.
1116
1117       File, Recording, Finalise...
1118              Compact a RZX file. Any interspersed snapshot  will  be  removed
1119              and  the  recording cannot be continued. All action replays sub‐
1120              mitted to the RZX Archive should be finalised.
1121
1122       File, AY Logging, Record...
1123              Start recording the bytes output via the AY-3-8912 sound chip to
1124              a  PSG  file.  You  will  be prompted for a filename to save the
1125              recording to.
1126
1127       File, AY Logging, Stop
1128              Stop any current AY logging.
1129
1130       File, Screenshot, Open SCR Screenshot...
1131              Load an SCR screenshot (essentially just a binary  dump  of  the
1132              Spectrum's  video memory) onto the current screen. Fuse supports
1133              screenshots saved in the Timex hi-colour  and  hi-res  modes  as
1134              well  as  `normal' Spectrum screens, and will make a simple con‐
1135              version if a hi-colour or hi-res screenshot  is  loaded  onto  a
1136              non-Timex machine.
1137
1138       File, Screenshot, Save Screen as SCR...
1139              Save  a copy of whatever's currently displayed on the Spectrum's
1140              screen as an SCR file. You will be prompted for  a  filename  to
1141              save the screenshot to.
1142
1143       File, Screenshot, Open MLT Screenshot...
1144              Load  an  MLT screenshot onto the current screen. The MLT format
1145              is similar to the SCR format but additionally supports capturing
1146              images  that  use techniques to display more than two colours in
1147              each Spectrum attribute square. Fuse will only load  the  bitmap
1148              version  of  an image on a Sinclair machine but on a Timex clone
1149              it can show the full colour detail  captured  in  the  image  by
1150              using the hi-colour mode.
1151
1152       File, Screenshot, Save Screen as MLT...
1153              Save  a copy of whatever's currently displayed on the Spectrum's
1154              screen as an MLT file. You will be prompted for  a  filename  to
1155              save the screenshot to.
1156
1157       File, Screenshot, Save Screen as PNG...
1158              Save  the current screen as a PNG file. You will be prompted for
1159              a filename to save the screenshot to.
1160
1161       File, Scalable Vector Graphics, Start capture in line mode...
1162              Start trapping the video output functions present in ROM to copy
1163              the picture to SVG files, thus creating vectorized scalable pic‐
1164              ture; it is expected to be fully operational in BASIC only,  but
1165              few  machine  code  programs  could  work,  if  they use the ROM
1166              addresses to output text or graphics. The initial  picture  size
1167              is 256×176, but it is increased everytime a `scroll' happens. On
1168              every CLS a  new  file  will  be  created,  with  an  increasing
1169              sequence  number.  CIRCLEs  will  be  described as a sequence of
1170              lines, so the original `imprecisions'  will  be  still  visible.
1171              The  text  output  will  be fully understood and decoded: normal
1172              ASCII characters will be converted into COURIER scalable  fonts,
1173              UDG  graphics  into dot matrix areas, GRAPHICS blocky characters
1174              into small squares.  A slightly transparent  output  permits  to
1175              show  a  bit of the overlapped text and graphics elements. Lower
1176              portion of the screen (normally bound to stream #0 and #1) won't
1177              be captured.
1178
1179       File, Scalable Vector Graphics, Start capture in dot mode...
1180              As  above, but line capture is disabled. A line will be rendered
1181              as a sequence of dots.
1182
1183       File, Scalable Vector Graphics, Stop capture
1184              Stop the SVG capture function.
1185
1186       File, Movie, Record...
1187              Fuse can record movie (video and audio) into a file with special
1188              format  which can be converted later to a common video file for‐
1189              mat with the fmfconv(1) utility.  You will  be  prompted  for  a
1190              filename to save video. Please see MOVIE RECORDING section.
1191
1192       File, Movie, Record from RZX...
1193              Start  movie  recording  and  RZX playback at the same time. You
1194              will be prompted for a filename to play from and a  filename  to
1195              save video.
1196
1197       File, Movie, Pause
1198              Pause movie recording which is currently in progress.
1199
1200       File, Movie, Continue
1201              Resume movie recording which has been previously paused.
1202
1203       File, Movie, Stop
1204              Stop movie recording which is currently in progress.
1205
1206       File, Load Binary Data...
1207              Load  binary  data from a file into the Spectrum's memory. After
1208              selecting the file to load data from, you can  choose  where  to
1209              load the data and how much data to load.
1210
1211       File, Save Binary Data...
1212              Save  an  arbitrary  chunk  of  the Spectrum's memory to a file.
1213              Select the file you wish to save to, followed  by  the  location
1214              and length of data you wish to save.
1215
1216       F10
1217       File, Exit
1218              Exit  the  emulator.  A confirmation dialog will appear checking
1219              you actually want to do this.
1220
1221       F4
1222       Options, General...
1223              Display the General Options dialog, letting you configure  Fuse.
1224              (With  the  widget  UI,  the  keys  shown in brackets toggle the
1225              options, Enter confirms any changes, and Esc aborts). Note  that
1226              any changed settings only apply to the currently-running Fuse.
1227
1228              The options available are:
1229
1230              Emulation speed
1231                     Set  how  fast Fuse will attempt to emulate the Spectrum,
1232                     as a percentage of the speed at which  the  real  machine
1233                     runs.  If  your machine isn't fast enough to keep up with
1234                     the requested speed, Fuse will just run  as  fast  as  it
1235                     can.  Note  that  if  the  emulation speed is faster than
1236                     500%, no sound output will be produced.
1237
1238              Frame rate
1239                     Specify the frame  rate,  the  ratio  of  spectrum  frame
1240                     updates  to  real  frame  updates. This is useful if your
1241                     machine is having trouble keeping up  with  the  spectrum
1242                     screen updates.
1243
1244              Issue 2 keyboard
1245                     Early versions of the Spectrum used a different value for
1246                     unused bits on the keyboard input ports, and a few  games
1247                     depended  on  the  old value of these bits. Enabling this
1248                     option switches to the old value, to let you run them.
1249
1250              Recreated ZX Spectrum
1251                     Enable the use of a Recreated ZX Spectrum  in  `Layer  A'
1252                     (game)  mode.  This  is  a Bluetooth keyboard that can be
1253                     paired to the device where Fuse is running.
1254
1255              Use shift with arrow keys
1256                     Treat the keyboard arrow keys  as  shifted  like  the  ZX
1257                     Spectrum+  keyboard's  arrow  keys or as unshifted like a
1258                     cursor joystick that maps to the 5, 6, 7 and 8 keys.
1259
1260              Allow writes to ROM
1261                     If this option is selected, Fuse will happily allow  pro‐
1262                     grams to overwrite what would normally be ROM. This prob‐
1263                     ably isn't very useful in most circumstances,  especially
1264                     as the 48K ROM overwrites parts of itself.
1265
1266              Late timings
1267                     If  selected,  Fuse will cause all screen-related timings
1268                     (for example, when the screen is rendered and when memory
1269                     contention  occurs) to be one tstate later than “normal”,
1270                     an effect which is present on some real hardware.
1271
1272              Z80 is CMOS
1273                     If selected, Fuse will emulate a CMOS Z80, as opposed  to
1274                     an  NMOS  Z80.   The undocumented `OUT (C),0' instruction
1275                     will be replaced with `OUT (C),255' and  emulation  of  a
1276                     minor  timing bug in the NMOS Z80's `LD A,I' and `LD A,R'
1277                     instructions will be disabled.
1278
1279              RS-232 handshake
1280                     If you turn this option off, Fuse assumes the RS-232 line
1281                     other  end  is  live  when  you connect the communication
1282                     channels.  See also  the  `--rs232-rx'  and  `--rs232-tx'
1283                     options.
1284
1285              Black and white TV
1286                     This  option  allows  you to choose whether to simulate a
1287                     colour or black and white television. This  is  effective
1288                     only under the GTK+, Win32, Xlib and SDL user interfaces:
1289                     the others will always simulate a colour TV.
1290
1291              PAL-TV use TV2x effect
1292                     This option allows you to choose  whether  the  PAL TV 2x
1293                     and  higher  scalers also reproduce scanlines in the same
1294                     way as the TV 2x, TV 3x and Timex TV scalers.
1295
1296              Show statusbar
1297                     For the GTK+ and Win32 UI, enables the statusbar  beneath
1298                     the  display.  For  the  SDL UI, enables the status icons
1299                     showing whether the disk and  tape  are  being  accessed.
1300                     This option has no effect for the other user interfaces.
1301
1302              Snap joystick prompt
1303                     If  set,  Fuse will prompt you which physical joystick or
1304                     keyboard you want to connect to  the  joystick  interface
1305                     enabled  in  the  snapshot unless it already matches your
1306                     current configuration.
1307
1308              Confirm actions
1309                     Specify whether `dangerous' actions  (those  which  could
1310                     cause  data  loss,  for  example  resetting the Spectrum)
1311                     require confirmation before occurring.
1312
1313              Auto-save settings
1314                     If this option is selected, Fuse will automatically write
1315                     its  currently selected options to its configuration file
1316                     on exit (either in xml format if  libxml2  was  available
1317                     when  Fuse was compiled or plain text). If this option is
1318                     off, you'll have to manually use Options, Save afterwards
1319                     to  ensure  that this setting gets written to Fuse's con‐
1320                     figuration file. Note that if you turn  this  option  on,
1321                     loading a snapshot could enable peripherals that would be
1322                     written permanently to the configuration file.
1323
1324       Options, Media...
1325              Display the Media Options dialog, letting you  configure  Fuse's
1326              tape and Microdrive options. (With the widget UI, the keys shown
1327              in brackets toggle the options, Enter confirms any changes,  and
1328              Esc  aborts).  Note  that any changed settings only apply to the
1329              currently-running Fuse.
1330
1331              Auto-load media
1332                     On many occasions when you open a tape or disk file, it's
1333                     because  it's  got a program in you want to load and run.
1334                     If this option is selected, this will automatically  hap‐
1335                     pen  for  you  when you open one of these files using the
1336                     File, Open...  menu option — you must then use the  Media
1337                     menu  to  use  tapes  or disks for saving data to, or for
1338                     loading data into an already running program.
1339
1340              Detect loaders
1341                     If this option is enabled, Fuse will  attempt  to  detect
1342                     when a loading routine is in progress, and then automati‐
1343                     cally start the virtual tape to load the program in. This
1344                     is  done  by using a heuristic to identify a loading rou‐
1345                     tine, so is by no means infallible,  but  works  in  most
1346                     cases.
1347
1348              Phantom typist mode
1349                     Specify  the keystroke sequence that the "phantom typist"
1350                     should use when starting  a  program  loading.  Available
1351                     options are
1352
1353                            Auto
1354
1355                            Keyword
1356
1357                            Keystroke
1358
1359                            Menu
1360
1361                            Plus 2A
1362
1363                            Plus 3
1364
1365                     The first four of these correspond to automatic detection
1366                     based on machine model, keyword  based  entry,  keystroke
1367                     based  entry, and selection from a 128K style menu.  Plus
1368                     2A and Plus 3 also correspond to selection  from  a  128K
1369                     style  menu,  but  have  special handling for games which
1370                     need to be loaded with `LOAD ""CODE'. The most likely use
1371                     for this option will be use Keystroke if you have changed
1372                     the default 48K ROM for one with keystroke entry.
1373
1374              Fastloading
1375                     If this option is enabled, then  Fuse  will  run  at  the
1376                     fastest  possible speed when the virtual tape is playing,
1377                     thus dramatically reducing the time it takes to load pro‐
1378                     grams. You may wish to disable this option if you wish to
1379                     stop the tape at a specific point.
1380
1381              Use tape traps
1382                     Ordinarily, Fuse intercepts calls to the ROM tape-loading
1383                     routine  in  order  to  load from tape files more quickly
1384                     when possible. But this can (rarely) interfere  with  TZX
1385                     loading;  disabling this option avoids the problem at the
1386                     cost of  slower  (i.e.  always  real-time)  tape-loading.
1387                     When  tape-loading  traps are disabled, you need to start
1388                     tape playback manually, by pressing F8  or  choosing  the
1389                     Media, Tape, Play menu item. Fuse also uses tape traps to
1390                     intercept the tape-saving routine in the ROM to save tape
1391                     files  quickly,  tapes can also be saved using the Media,
1392                     Tape, Record Start menu item.
1393
1394              Accelerate loaders
1395                     If this option is enabled,  then  Fuse  will  attempt  to
1396                     accelerate tape loaders by “short circuiting” the loading
1397                     loop. This will in general  speed  up  loading,  but  may
1398                     cause some loaders to fail.
1399
1400              Use .slt traps
1401                     The  multi-load  aspect  of  SLT  files  requires  a trap
1402                     instruction to be supported. This instruction is not gen‐
1403                     erally  used  except  for  this  trap, but since it's not
1404                     inconceivable that a program could be wanting to use  the
1405                     real  instruction instead, you can choose whether to sup‐
1406                     port the trap or not.
1407
1408              MDR cartridge len
1409                     This option controls the number of blocks in a new Micro‐
1410                     drive cartridge.  If the value smaller than 10 or greater
1411                     than 254 Fuse assumes 10 or 254.  Average  real  capacity
1412                     is around 180 blocks (90 Kb).
1413
1414              Random length MDR cartridge
1415                     If  this option is enabled, Fuse will use a random Micro‐
1416                     drive cartridge length (around 180 blocks) instead of the
1417                     length specified in the MDR cartridge len option.
1418
1419       Options, Sound...
1420              Display  the  Sound Options dialog, letting you configure Fuse's
1421              sound output. (With the widget UI, the keys  shown  in  brackets
1422              toggle the options, Enter confirms any changes, and Esc aborts).
1423              Note that any changed settings only apply to the  currently-run‐
1424              ning Fuse.
1425
1426              Sound enabled
1427                     Specify  whether  sound  output should be enabled at all.
1428                     When this option is disabled,  Fuse  will  not  make  any
1429                     sound.
1430
1431              Loading sound
1432                     Normally,  Fuse  emulates tape-loading noise when loading
1433                     from PZXs, TAPs or TZXs in real-time, albeit at a  delib‐
1434                     erately  lower  volume  than  on a real Spectrum. You can
1435                     disable  this  option  to  eliminate  the  loading  noise
1436                     entirely.
1437
1438              AY stereo separation
1439                     By  default,  the sound output is mono, since this is all
1440                     you got from an unmodified Spectrum.  But  enabling  this
1441                     option gives you so-called ACB stereo (for sound from the
1442                     128 and other clone's AY-3-8912 sound chip).
1443
1444              Force 8-bit
1445                     Force the use of 8-bit sound even if 16-bit (the default)
1446                     is  available.  Note that (when the option is enabled) if
1447                     8-bit sound isn't available then there will be  no  sound
1448                     at  all,  so  it's best not to use this option unless you
1449                     have a specific need for it.
1450
1451              Speaker type
1452                     This option allows the emulation of the sound output sys‐
1453                     tem  to  be  modified. Different choices of speaker limit
1454                     the bass and treble response that can  be  produced  from
1455                     the  machine.  Choose  between  a “TV” type speaker and a
1456                     small “Beeper” type  speaker  that  significantly  limits
1457                     bass  and  treble  response.  Choose  “Unfiltered” to get
1458                     unmodified (but less accurate) sound output.
1459
1460              AY volume
1461                     Sets the relative volume of the  AY-3-8912  chip  from  a
1462                     range of 0–100%.
1463
1464              Beeper volume
1465                     Sets  the  relative  volume of the beeper from a range of
1466                     0–100%.
1467
1468              Covox volume
1469                     Sets the relative volume of the Covox  from  a  range  of
1470                     0–100%.
1471
1472              SpecDrum volume
1473                     Sets  the relative volume of the SpecDrum from a range of
1474                     0–100%.
1475
1476       Options, Peripherals, General...
1477              Display the General Peripherals Options dialog, letting you con‐
1478              figure  the  peripherals which Fuse will consider to be attached
1479              to the emulated machine. (With the widget UI, the keys shown  in
1480              brackets toggle the options, Enter confirms any changes, and Esc
1481              aborts). Note that any changed settings only apply to  the  cur‐
1482              rently-running  Fuse. Also note that any changes that enable and
1483              disable peripherals may result in a hard reset of  the  emulated
1484              machine.
1485
1486              Kempston joystick
1487                     If  this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a Kempston
1488                     joystick interface (probably the  most  widely  supported
1489                     type  on  the  Spectrum).  Note that this option is basi‐
1490                     cally equivalent to plugging the interface itself into  a
1491                     Spectrum,  not to connecting a joystick; this affects how
1492                     the Spectrum responds to a read of input port 31. To  use
1493                     a  Kempston  joystick  in  a  game,  this  option must be
1494                     enabled, and you must also select a Kempston joystick the
1495                     Options, Joysticks menu.
1496
1497              Kempston mouse
1498                     If  this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a Kempston
1499                     mouse interface.
1500
1501                     If you're using Fuse full-screen, your mouse is automati‐
1502                     cally used as if attached to the Kempston interface. Oth‐
1503                     erwise, you'll need to click on the Spectrum  display  in
1504                     order  to  tell  Fuse  to  grab  the pointer (and make it
1505                     invisible); to tell Fuse to release it, click the  middle
1506                     button (or wheel) or press Escape.
1507
1508                     With the framebuffer UI, Fuse prefers to use GPM; if this
1509                     is not available, it will  fall  back  to  built-in  PS/2
1510                     mouse  support.  In  this mode, it tries /dev/input/mice,
1511                     /dev/mouse then /dev/psaux, stopping when it successfully
1512                     opens  one.  The  first  of  these is preferred since (at
1513                     least on Linux, with a 2.6-series  kernel)  any  type  of
1514                     mouse can be used and any connected mouse may be used.
1515
1516              Swap mouse buttons
1517                     If  this option is enabled, the left and right mouse but‐
1518                     tons will be swapped when emulating a Kempston mouse.
1519
1520              Fuller Box
1521                     If this option is selected, Fuse will  emulate  a  Fuller
1522                     Box  AY  sound  and joystick interface. This emulation is
1523                     only available for the 16k, 48k and TC2048 machines.
1524
1525              Melodik
1526                     If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate  a  Melodik
1527                     AY  sound  interface.   These interfaces and many similar
1528                     ones were produced to make  the  48K Spectrum  compatible
1529                     with  the same AY music as the 128K Spectrum. This emula‐
1530                     tion is only  available  for  the  16k,  48k  and  TC2048
1531                     machines.
1532
1533              Interface 1
1534                     If  this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the simple
1535                     Sinclair Interface 1, and allow Microdrive cartridges  to
1536                     be connected and disconnected via the Media, Interface 1,
1537                     Microdrive menus. It also enables support for the  Inter‐
1538                     face 1 RS-232 interface.
1539
1540              Interface 2
1541                     If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a cartridge
1542                     port as found on the Interface 2. Cartridges can then  be
1543                     inserted  and  removed  via  the Media, Cartridge, Inter‐
1544                     face 2 menu. Note that  the  Pentagon,  Scorpion,  Inter‐
1545                     face 2, ZXATASP and ZXCF all use the same hardware mecha‐
1546                     nism for accessing some of their  extended  features,  so
1547                     only  one  of  these should be selected at once or unpre‐
1548                     dictable behaviour will occur.
1549
1550              Multiface One
1551                     If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the  Roman‐
1552                     tic  Robot  Multiface One.   Available  for  16K, 48K and
1553                     Timex TC2048 machines.
1554
1555              Multiface 128
1556                     If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the  Roman‐
1557                     tic  Robot  Multiface 128.  Available for 16K, 48K, Timex
1558                     TC2048, 128K, +2 and SE machines.
1559
1560              Multiface 3
1561                     If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the  Roman‐
1562                     tic  Robot  Multiface 3.  Available  for  +2A, +3 and +3e
1563                     machines.
1564
1565              Stealth Multiface One
1566                     This option controls the `invisible' or `stealth' mode of
1567                     Multiface  One, as the physical switch on the side of the
1568                     interface.
1569
1570              Emulate printers
1571                     If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate a  printer.
1572                     See the PRINTER EMULATION section for more details.
1573
1574              ZX Printer
1575                     If  this  option  is  selected,  Fuse will emulate the ZX
1576                     Printer. See  the  PRINTER  EMULATION  section  for  more
1577                     details.
1578
1579              SpeccyBoot interface
1580                     If  this  option is selected, Fuse will emulate a Speccy‐
1581                     Boot interface which allows booting a ZX Spectrum over an
1582                     Ethernet   network.   See  the  SpeccyBoot  web  page  at
1583                     http://patrikpersson.github.io/speccyboot/    for    more
1584                     details.
1585
1586              SpecDrum interface
1587                     If  this  option is selected, Fuse will emulate a Cheetah
1588                     SpecDrum sound interface.   See  the  World  of  Spectrum
1589                     Infoseek     web    page    at    http://www.worldofspec
1590                     trum.org/infoseekid.cgi?id=1000062 for manuals,  software
1591                     and  more.  This emulation is only available for the 48k,
1592                     128k and TC2048 machines.
1593
1594              Spectranet
1595                     If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate  the  Spec‐
1596                     tranet  interface,  which  provides an Ethernet interface
1597                     for the Spectrum. See the  SPECTRANET  EMULATION  section
1598                     for more details.
1599
1600              Spectranet disable
1601                     This  option  controls  the state of the Spectranet auto‐
1602                     matic page-in jumper (J2). See the  SPECTRANET  EMULATION
1603                     section for more details.
1604
1605              µSource
1606                     If  this  option  is selected, Fuse will emulate a Currah
1607                     µSource interface.  See the World  of  Spectrum  Infoseek
1608                     web    page    at   http://www.worldofspectrum.org/infos
1609                     eekid.cgi?id=1000080 for the manual.
1610
1611              Covox interface
1612                     If this option is selected, Fuse  will  emulate  a  Covox
1613                     digital sound interface. This emulation is only available
1614                     for the Pentagon, Pentagon 512k, Pentagon 1024k and Scor‐
1615                     pion  machines.  The  Pentagon variants use port 0xfb and
1616                     the Scorpion version uses port 0xdd.
1617
1618       Options, Peripherals, Disk...
1619              Display the Disk Peripherals Options dialog, letting you config‐
1620              ure  the  disk interface peripherals which Fuse will consider to
1621              be attached to the emulated machine. (With the  widget  UI,  the
1622              keys  shown  in  brackets toggle the options, Enter confirms any
1623              changes, and Esc aborts). Note that any  changed  settings  only
1624              apply  to the currently-running Fuse. Also note that any changes
1625              that enable and disable peripherals may result in a  hard  reset
1626              of the emulated machine.
1627
1628              Simple 8-bit IDE
1629                     If  this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the simple
1630                     8-bit IDE interface as  used  by  the  Spectrum +3e,  and
1631                     allow hard disks to be connected and disconnected via the
1632                     Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit menu.
1633
1634              ZXATASP interface
1635                     If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the ZXATASP
1636                     interface,  which provides both additional RAM and an IDE
1637                     interface. See the ZXATASP  AND  ZXCF  section  for  more
1638                     details.
1639
1640              ZXATASP upload
1641                     This  option  controls  the  state  of the ZXATASP upload
1642                     jumper.  See  the  ZXATASP  AND  ZXCF  section  for  more
1643                     details.
1644
1645              ZXATASP write protect
1646                     This  option controls the state of the ZXATASP write pro‐
1647                     tect jumper. See the ZXATASP AND ZXCF  section  for  more
1648                     details.
1649
1650              ZXCF interface
1651                     If  this  option  is selected, Fuse will emulate the ZXCF
1652                     interface, which provides both additional RAM and a  Com‐
1653                     pactFlash interface. See the ZXATASP AND ZXCF section for
1654                     more details.
1655
1656              ZXCF upload
1657                     This option controls the state of the ZXCF upload jumper.
1658                     See the ZXATASP AND ZXCF section for more details.
1659
1660              ZXMMC interface
1661                     If  this  option is selected, Fuse will emulate the ZXMMC
1662                     interface.  Available for +2A, +3 and +3e machines.
1663
1664              DivIDE interface
1665                     If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the  DivIDE
1666                     interface. See the DIVIDE section for more details.
1667
1668              DivIDE write protect
1669                     This  option  controls the state of the DivIDE write pro‐
1670                     tection jumper. See the DIVIDE section for more details.
1671
1672              DivMMC interface
1673                     If this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the  DivMMC
1674                     interface. See the DIVMMC section for more details.
1675
1676              DivMMC write protect
1677                     This  option  controls the state of the DivMMC write pro‐
1678                     tection jumper that prevents flashing  the  EEPROM  chip.
1679                     See the DIVMMC section for more details.
1680
1681              +D interface
1682                     If  this  option  is  selected,  Fuse will emulate the +D
1683                     interface.   See  the  +D  EMULATION  section  for   more
1684                     details.
1685
1686              Didaktik 80 interface
1687                     If  this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the Didak‐
1688                     tik 80 (or Didaktik 40) interface.  See  the  DIDAKTIK 80
1689                     EMULATION section for more details.
1690
1691              DISCiPLE interface
1692                     If  this option is selected, Fuse will emulate the DISCi‐
1693                     PLE interface.  See the DISCIPLE  EMULATION  section  for
1694                     more details.
1695
1696              Beta 128 interface
1697                     If  this  option  is  selected,  Fuse  will  emulate  the
1698                     Beta 128 interface.  See the BETA 128  EMULATION  section
1699                     for  more  details. Beta 128 emulation is enabled for the
1700                     Pentagon and Scorpion machines regardless of this option.
1701
1702              Beta 128 auto-boot in 48K machines
1703                     If this option is selected, then when a  Beta 128  inter‐
1704                     face is used in 48K or TC2048 emulation, the machine will
1705                     boot directly into the TR-DOS system.
1706
1707              Opus Discovery interface
1708                     If this option is selected, Fuse will  emulate  the  Opus
1709                     Discovery  interface.   See  the OPUS DISCOVERY EMULATION
1710                     section for more details.
1711
1712       Options, RZX...
1713              Display the RZX Options dialog, letting you configure how Fuse's
1714              deals  with  RZX input recordings. (With the widget UI, the keys
1715              shown  in  brackets  toggle  the  options,  Enter  confirms  any
1716              changes,  and  Esc  aborts). Note that any changed settings only
1717              apply to the currently-running Fuse.
1718
1719              Create autosaves
1720                     If this option is selected, Fuse will add a snapshot into
1721                     the  recording  stream  every 5 seconds while creating an
1722                     RZX file, thus enabling the  rollback  facilities  to  be
1723                     used  without having to explicitly add snapshots into the
1724                     stream. Older snapshots will be pruned from the stream to
1725                     keep  the  file  size  and number of snapshots down: each
1726                     snapshot up to 15 seconds will be kept, then one snapshot
1727                     every  15 seconds  until  one  minute,  then one snapshot
1728                     every minute until 5 minutes, and then one snapshot every
1729                     5 minutes. Note that this “pruning” applies only to auto‐
1730                     matically inserted snapshots: snapshots manually inserted
1731                     into the stream will never be pruned.
1732
1733              Compress RZX data
1734                     If  this  option is selected, and zlib was available when
1735                     Fuse was compiled, any RZX files written by Fuse will  be
1736                     compressed.  This  is  generally a good thing as it makes
1737                     the files significantly smaller, and you probably want to
1738                     turn  it  off  only  if you're debugging the RZX files or
1739                     there's some other program  which  doesn't  support  com‐
1740                     pressed RZX files.
1741
1742              Competition mode
1743                     Any  input  recordings which are started when this option
1744                     is selected  will  be  made  in  `competition  mode'.  In
1745                     essence,  this  means that Fuse will act just like a real
1746                     Spectrum would: you can't load snapshots, pause the  emu‐
1747                     lation  in any way, change the speed or anything that you
1748                     couldn't do on the real machine. If any of  these  things
1749                     are  attempted,  or  if the emulated Fuse is running more
1750                     than 5% faster or slower than normal Spectrum speed, then
1751                     the recording will immediately be stopped.
1752
1753                     If  libgcrypt  was available when Fuse was compiled, then
1754                     recordings made with competition mode active will be dig‐
1755                     itally  signed,  in  theory to `certify' that it was made
1756                     with the above restrictions in place.  However, this pro‐
1757                     cedure  is  not  secure  (and  cannot be made so), so the
1758                     presence of any signature on an RZX file  should  not  be
1759                     taken  as  providing proof that it was made with competi‐
1760                     tion mode active.   This  feature  is  included  in  Fuse
1761                     solely  as  it was one of the requirements for Fuse to be
1762                     used in an on-line tournament.
1763
1764              Competition code
1765                     The numeric code entered here will be  written  into  any
1766                     RZX  files made in competition mode. This is another fea‐
1767                     ture for on-line tournaments which can be used to `prove'
1768                     that  the  recording  was  made after a specific code was
1769                     released. If you're not playing in such a tournament, you
1770                     can safely ignore this option.
1771
1772              Always embed snapshot
1773                     Specify  whether  a snapshot should be embedded in an RZX
1774                     file when recording is started from an existing snapshot.
1775
1776       Options, Movie...
1777              Display the Movie Options  dialog,  letting  you  configure  how
1778              Fuse's deals with movie recordings.
1779
1780              Movie compression
1781                     This  option  set the compression level to None, Lossless
1782                     or High. (See the MOVIE RECORDING section for more infor‐
1783                     mation).
1784
1785              Stop recording after RZX ends
1786                     If  this  option  is  selected,  Fuse will stop any movie
1787                     recording after a RZX playback is finished.
1788
1789       Options, Joysticks
1790              Fuse can emulate many of the common types of joystick which were
1791              available  for  the  Spectrum. The input for these emulated joy‐
1792              sticks can be taken from real joysticks attached to the  emulat‐
1793              ing   machine  (configured  via  the  Options,  Joysticks,  Joy‐
1794              stick 1...  and Options, Joysticks, Joystick 2...  options),  or
1795              from  the  q,  a, o, p, and Space keys on the emulating machines
1796              keyboard, configured via  the  Options,  Joysticks,  Keyboard...
1797              option. Note that when using the keyboard to emulate a joystick,
1798              the q, a, o, p, and Space keys will not have their normal effect
1799              (to  avoid  problems  with  games which do things like use p for
1800              pause when using a joystick).
1801
1802              Each of the joysticks (including the `fake'  keyboard  joystick)
1803              can  be  configured to emulate any one of the following joystick
1804              types:
1805
1806                     None
1807                            No joystick: any input will simply be ignored.
1808
1809                     Cursor
1810                            A  cursor  joystick,  equivalent  to  pressing   5
1811                            (left), 6 (down), 7 (up), 8 (right), and 0 (fire).
1812
1813                     Kempston
1814                            A Kempston joystick, read from input port 31. Note
1815                            that the Options, Peripherals,  General,  Kempston
1816                            interface option must also be set for the input to
1817                            be recognised.
1818
1819                     Sinclair 1
1820                     Sinclair 2
1821                            The `left' and `right' Sinclair joysticks, equiva‐
1822                            lent  to pressing 1 (left), 2 (right), 3 (down), 4
1823                            (up), and 5 (fire), or  6  (left),  7  (right),  8
1824                            (down), 9 (up), and 0 (fire) respectively.
1825
1826                     Timex 1
1827                     Timex 2
1828                            The  `left'  and  `right' joysticks as attached to
1829                            the Timex 2068 variant's built-in joystick  inter‐
1830                            face.
1831
1832              For  the  real  joysticks, it is also possible to configure what
1833              effect each button on the joystick will have: this can  be  Joy‐
1834              stick  Fire, equivalent to pressing the emulated joystick's fire
1835              button, Nothing, meaning to have no effect, or any Spectrum key,
1836              meaning that pressing that button will be equivalent to pressing
1837              that Spectrum key.
1838
1839       Options, Select ROMs, Machine ROMs
1840              An individual dialog is available for each Spectrum variant emu‐
1841              lated  by Fuse which allows selection of the ROM(s) used by that
1842              machine. Simply select the ROM you wish to use, and  then  reset
1843              the Spectrum for the change to take effect.
1844
1845       Options, Select ROMs, Peripheral ROMs
1846              The  same  as the Machine ROMs menu, but an individual dialog is
1847              available for peripherals that need a ROM. Simply select the ROM
1848              you  wish  to use, and then reset the Spectrum for the change to
1849              take effect.
1850
1851       Options, Filter...
1852              Select the graphics filter currently in use.  See  the  GRAPHICS
1853              FILTERS section for more details.
1854
1855       F11
1856       Options, Full Screen
1857              Switch Fuse between full screen and windowed mode.  This menu is
1858              only available under the SDL UI.
1859
1860       Options, Disk Options...
1861              When emulating disk drives, Fuse allows the specification of the
1862              physical  drive  units  attached to the emulated interface. Each
1863              drive can be set to be one of the following types:
1864
1865                     Disabled
1866
1867                     Single-sided 40 track
1868
1869                     Double-sided 40 track
1870
1871                     Single-sided 80 track
1872
1873                     Double-sided 80 track
1874
1875              The Disabled option is not supported for Drive 1 or Drive  A  of
1876              any interface.
1877
1878              The available options that can be set are:
1879
1880              +3 Drive A
1881                     Defaults to a single-sided 40 track drive.
1882
1883              +3 Drive B
1884                     Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1885
1886              +3 Detect Speedlock
1887                     Specify  whether  the  +3  drives try to detect Speedlock
1888                     protected disks, and emulate `weak' sectors.  If the disk
1889                     image  file (EDSK or UDI) contains weak sector data, than
1890                     Speedlock detection is automatically omitted.   See  also
1891                     the WEAK DISK DATA section.
1892
1893              Beta 128 Drive A
1894                     Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1895
1896              Beta 128 Drive B
1897                     Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1898
1899              Beta 128 Drive C
1900                     Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1901
1902              Beta 128 Drive D
1903                     Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1904
1905              +D Drive 1
1906                     Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1907
1908              +D Drive 2
1909                     Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1910
1911              Didaktik 80 Drive A
1912                     Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1913
1914              Didaktik 80 Drive B
1915                     Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1916
1917              DISCiPLE Drive 1
1918                     Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1919
1920              DISCiPLE Drive 2
1921                     Defaults to a double-sided 80 track drive.
1922
1923              Opus Drive 1
1924                     Defaults to a single-sided 40 track drive.
1925
1926              Opus Drive 2
1927                     Defaults to a single-sided 40 track drive.
1928
1929              Try merge 'B' side of disks
1930                     This  option  prompts  the  user  to confirm whether Fuse
1931                     should try to merge the `B' side of a disk image  from  a
1932                     separate file when opening a new single-sided disk image.
1933
1934              Confirm merge disk sides
1935                     Select  whether  Fuse should try to merge a separate file
1936                     for the `B' side of a disk image separate file when open‐
1937                     ing  a  new disk image. Most double sided disk images are
1938                     dumped as two single sided disk images e.g.  `Golden  Axe
1939                     -  Side A.dsk'  and  `Golden Axe - Side B.dsk'. So, if we
1940                     want to play Golden Axe, first  we  have  to  insert  the
1941                     first disk image and when the game asks to insert side B,
1942                     we have to find and open the second disk  image,  instead
1943                     of just `flip'-ing the disk inside the drive. If enabled,
1944                     Fuse will try to open the second image too and  create  a
1945                     double  sided  disk image (merging the two one sided disk
1946                     images) and insert this merged virtual disk into the disk
1947                     drive.  The function detects whether the file is one side
1948                     of a double-sided image if the filename matches a pattern
1949                     like  [Ss]ide[ _][abAB12][ _.] in the file name of a disk
1950                     that is being opened. If found, Fuse will try to open the
1951                     other  side  of the disk too substituting the appropriate
1952                     characters in the filename e.g.  1→2, a→b, A→B.  If  suc‐
1953                     cessful then it will merge the two images and now we have
1954                     a double sided disk in drive. This means that if we  open
1955                     `Golden  Axe  -  Side A.dsk',  then Fuse will try to open
1956                     `Golden Axe - Side B.dsk' too. Now, we  can  just  `flip'
1957                     the  disk if Golden Axe asks for `Side B'.  The available
1958                     options are Never, With single-sided drives and Always.
1959
1960              Options, Save
1961                     This will cause Fuse's current options to be  written  to
1962                     .fuserc  in  your  home directory (Unix-like systems), or
1963                     fuse.cfg in your  %USERPROFILE%  folder  (Windows),  from
1964                     which   they  will  be  picked  up  again  when  Fuse  is
1965                     restarted. The best way to update this file is  by  using
1966                     this  option,  but  it's a simple XML file if libxml2 was
1967                     available when Fuse was compiled (otherwise, plain text),
1968                     and  shouldn't  be too hard to edit by hand if you really
1969                     want to.
1970
1971              Pause
1972              Machine, Pause
1973                     Pause or unpause emulation. This option is available only
1974                     under  the  GTK+  and  Win32 UIs; to pause the other user
1975                     interfaces, simply press F1 to bring up the main menu.
1976
1977              F5
1978              Machine, Reset
1979                     Reset the emulated Spectrum.
1980
1981              Machine, Hard reset
1982                     Reset the emulated Spectrum. A hard reset  is  equivalent
1983                     to  turning the Spectrum's power off, and then turning it
1984                     back on.
1985
1986              F9
1987              Machine, Select...
1988                     Choose a type of Spectrum to emulate. An  brief  overview
1989                     of  the  Sinclair,  Amstrad  and  Timex  can  be found at
1990                     http://www.nvg.ntnu.no/sinclair/computers/zxspec
1991                     trum/zxspectrum.htm  while more technical information can
1992                     be  found  at   http://www.worldofspectrum.org/faq/refer
1993                     ence/reference.htm,      and      http://www.worldofspec
1994                     trum.org/faq/reference/tmxreference.htm.
1995
1996                     Spectrum 16K
1997                     Spectrum 48K
1998                            The original machines as released by  Sinclair  in
1999                            1982 with 16 or 48K of RAM respectively.
2000
2001                     Spectrum 48K (NTSC)
2002                            The  NTSC  48K machine released in limited numbers
2003                            in parts of South America.
2004
2005                     Spectrum 128K
2006                            The  128K  machine  as  released  by  Sinclair  in
2007                            1985 (Spain) or 1986 (UK).
2008
2009                     Spectrum +2
2010                            The  first  machine  released by Amstrad, in 1986.
2011                            From an emulation point of view, the +2 is  virtu‐
2012                            ally identical to the 128K.
2013
2014                     Spectrum +2A
2015                     Spectrum +3
2016                            The  two  machines  released  by  Amstrad in 1988.
2017                            Technically very similar  to  each  other,  except
2018                            that the +3 features a 3″ disk drive while the +2A
2019                            does not.
2020
2021                     Spectrum +3e
2022                            A +3 with modified ROMs  allowing  access  to  IDE
2023                            hard  disks  via  the  simple  8-bit interface, as
2024                            activated from the Options,  Peripherals,  Disk...
2025                            dialog.         See        http://www.worldofspec
2026                            trum.org/zxplus3e/ for more details.
2027
2028                     Timex TC2048
2029                     Timex TC2068
2030                            The variants of the Spectrum as released by  Timex
2031                            in Portugal.
2032
2033                     Timex TS2068
2034                            The  variant  of the Spectrum released by Timex in
2035                            North America.
2036
2037                     Pentagon 128K
2038                            Russian clone of the  Spectrum.  There  were  many
2039                            different  machines  called  Pentagon from 1989 to
2040                            2006, this machine corresponds to a 1991 era  Pen‐
2041                            tagon 128K with the optional AY sound chip and the
2042                            integrated Beta 128 disk  interface,  and  is  the
2043                            version  of  the machine most often emulated. More
2044                            technical    details    can    be     found     at
2045                            http://www.worldofspectrum.org/rusfaq/index.html,
2046
2047                     Pentagon 512K
2048                     Pentagon 1024K
2049                            Newer  versions  of  the Pentagon Russian Spectrum
2050                            clones which incorporate more memory and  the  “Mr
2051                            Gluk  Reset  Service” ROM offering a more powerful
2052                            firmware.
2053
2054                     Scorpion ZS 256
2055                            Another  Russian  clone  of  the  Spectrum.   Some
2056                            details  can  be  found at http://www.worldofspec
2057                            trum.org/rusfaq/index.html.  Like all the  Russian
2058                            clones,  they  have  built  in  3.5″  disk drives,
2059                            accessed via the Beta 128 disk interface  and  TR-
2060                            DOS  (the  Technology Research Disk Operating Sys‐
2061                            tem). The most important distinction from the Pen‐
2062                            tagon 128k  and  similar  machines  is the display
2063                            timing details.
2064
2065                     Spectrum SE
2066                            A recent variant designed by Andrew Owen and Jarek
2067                            Adamski,  which  is  possibly best thought of as a
2068                            cross between the 128K machine and the Timex vari‐
2069                            ants,  allowing  272K  of RAM to be accessed. Some
2070                            more details are available at  http://www.worldof
2071                            spectrum.org/faq/reference/sereference.htm     and
2072                            documentation of the extended BASIC  is  available
2073                            at https://github.com/cheveron/sebasic4/wiki.  The
2074                            bug    tracker    for    the    BASIC    is     at
2075                            https://github.com/cheveron/seba
2076                            sic4/issues?state=open.
2077
2078              Machine, Debugger...
2079                     Start the monitor/debugger. See the MONITOR/DEBUGGER sec‐
2080                     tion for more information.
2081
2082              Machine, Poke Finder...
2083                     Start  the `poke finder'. See the POKE FINDER section for
2084                     more information.
2085
2086              Machine, Poke Memory...
2087                     Allow one to use multiface POKEs for things such as infi‐
2088                     nite lives. See the POKE MEMORY section for more informa‐
2089                     tion.
2090
2091              Machine, Memory Browser...
2092                     Start the memory browser. It  should  be  fairly  obvious
2093                     what  this  does;  perhaps the only thing worth noting is
2094                     that emulation is paused until you close the window.
2095
2096              Machine, NMI
2097                     Sends a non-maskable interrupt to the emulated  Spectrum.
2098                     Due  to a typo in the standard 48K ROM, this will cause a
2099                     reset, but modified ROMs are available which make use  of
2100                     this feature. When the +D (or DISCiPLE) is emulated, this
2101                     is used to access the +D (or DISCiPLE)'s  screenshot  and
2102                     snapshot features (see the +D EMULATION and DISCIPLE EMU‐
2103                     LATION sections below).  For  the  DISCiPLE,  Caps  Shift
2104                     must  be  held  down whilst pressing the NMI button.  For
2105                     some UIs, this may be tricky, or even impossible  to  do.
2106                     Note  that  GDOS  on  the  DISCiPLE  contains a bug which
2107                     causes corruption of saved snapshots, and  a  failure  to
2108                     return  from  the  NMI  menu  correctly.  This bug is not
2109                     present in G+DOS on the +D.
2110
2111              Machine, Multiface Red Button
2112                     Presses the Multiface One/128/3 red button to active  the
2113                     interface.
2114
2115              Machine, Didaktik SNAP
2116                     Presses the Didaktik 80 (or Didaktik 40)'s `SNAP' button.
2117
2118              F7
2119              Media, Tape, Open...
2120                     Choose  a PZX, TAP or TZX virtual-tape file to load from.
2121                     See the FILE SELECTION section below for details  on  how
2122                     to  choose  the  file.  If  Auto-load media is set in the
2123                     Media Options dialog (as it is by default), you  may  use
2124                     the File, Open...  menu option instead, and the tape will
2125                     begin loading  automatically.   Otherwise,  you  have  to
2126                     start  the  load in the emulated machine (with LOAD "" or
2127                     the 128's Tape Loader option,  though  you  may  need  to
2128                     reset first).
2129
2130                     To  guarantee  that  TZX  files  will  load properly, you
2131                     should select the file, make sure tape-loading traps  are
2132                     disabled  in  the Media Options dialog, then press F8 (or
2133                     do Media, Tape, Play).  That said, most  TZXs  will  work
2134                     with  tape-loading  traps  enabled (often quickly loading
2135                     partway, then loading the rest real-time), so  you  might
2136                     want to try it that way first.
2137
2138              F8
2139              Media, Tape, Play
2140                     Start  playing  the  PZX,  TAP  or TZX file, if required.
2141                     (Choosing the option (or pressing F8) again pauses  play‐
2142                     back, and a further press resumes). To explain — if tape-
2143                     loading traps have been disabled (in  the  Media  Options
2144                     dialog),  starting  the  loading  process in the emulated
2145                     machine isn't enough. You also have to `press  play',  so
2146                     to  speak  :-), and this is how you do that. You may also
2147                     need to `press play' like this in certain  other  circum‐
2148                     stances, e.g. TZXs containing multi-load games may have a
2149                     stop-the-tape request (which Fuse obeys).
2150
2151              Media, Tape, Browse
2152                     Browse through the current tape. A brief display of  each
2153                     of  the data blocks on the current tape will appear, from
2154                     which you can select which block  Fuse  will  play  next.
2155                     With  the  GTK+  UI,  emulation  will  continue while the
2156                     browser is displayed; double-clicking  on  a  block  will
2157                     select  it. In the other UIs, emulation is paused and you
2158                     can use the cursor keys and press Enter to select it.  If
2159                     you  decide  you  don't  want to change block, just press
2160                     Escape.
2161
2162              Media, Tape, Rewind
2163                     Rewind the current virtual tape, so it can be read  again
2164                     from the beginning.
2165
2166              Media, Tape, Clear
2167                     Clear the current virtual tape. This is particularly use‐
2168                     ful when you want a  `clean  slate'  to  add  newly-saved
2169                     files to, before doing Media, Tape, Write...  (or F6).
2170
2171              F6
2172              Media, Tape, Write...
2173                     Write  the  current  virtual-tape contents to a TZX file.
2174                     You will be prompted for  a  filename.  The  virtual-tape
2175                     contents  are  the contents of the previously-loaded tape
2176                     (if any has been loaded since you last did a Media, Tape,
2177                     Clear),  followed  by anything you've saved from the emu‐
2178                     lated machine since.  These  newly-saved  files  are  not
2179                     written to any tape file until you choose this option!
2180
2181              Media, Tape, Record Start
2182                     Starts  directly  recording  the output from the emulated
2183                     Spectrum to the current virtual-tape. This is useful when
2184                     you  want  to  record  using a non-standard ROM or from a
2185                     custom save routine. Most tape  operations  are  disabled
2186                     during  recording.  Stop  recording with the Media, Tape,
2187                     Write...  menu option.
2188
2189              Media, Tape, Record Stop
2190                     Stops the direct recording and places the  new  recording
2191                     into the virtual-tape.
2192
2193              Media, Interface 1
2194                     Virtual  Microdrive  images  are accessible only when the
2195                     Interface 1 is active from the Options, Peripherals, Gen‐
2196                     eral...   dialog. Note that any changes to the Microdrive
2197                     image will not be written to the file on disk  until  the
2198                     appropriate save option is used.
2199
2200              Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 1, Insert New
2201                     Insert a new (unformatted) Microdrive cartridge into emu‐
2202                     lated Microdrive 1.
2203
2204              Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 1, Insert...
2205                     Insert an existing Microdrive cartridge image  into  emu‐
2206                     lated Microdrive 1. You will be prompted for a filename.
2207
2208              Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 1, Eject
2209                     Eject  the Microdrive image in Microdrive 1. If the image
2210                     has been modified, you will be asked as  to  whether  you
2211                     want any changes saved.
2212
2213              Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 1, Save
2214                     Save the Microdrive image in Microdrive 1.
2215
2216              Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 1, Save as...
2217                     Write the Microdrive image in Microdrive 1 to a file. You
2218                     will be prompted for a filename.
2219
2220              Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 1, Write protect, Enable
2221                     Enable the write protect tab  for  the  image  in  Micro‐
2222                     drive 1.
2223
2224              Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 1, Write protect, Disable
2225                     Disable  the  write  protect  tab for the image in Micro‐
2226                     drive 1.
2227
2228              Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 2, ...
2229              Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 3, ...
2230              Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 4, ...
2231              Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 5, ...
2232              Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 6, ...
2233              Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 7, ...
2234              Media, Interface 1, Microdrive 8, ...
2235                     Equivalent options for the other emulated Microdrives.
2236
2237              Media, Interface 1, RS232, Plug RxD
2238              Media, Interface 1, RS232, Unplug RxD
2239              Media, Interface 1, RS232, Plug TxD
2240              Media, Interface 1, RS232, Unplug TxD
2241                     Connect or disconnect a communication channels  (FIFO  or
2242                     file) to use as the RS-232 TxD or RxD wire.
2243
2244              Media, Disk
2245                     Virtual  floppy disk images are accessible when emulating
2246                     a +3, +3e, Pentagon or Scorpion, or  when  the  Beta 128,
2247                     Opus   Discovery,  +D,  Didaktik  or  DISCiPLE  interface
2248                     options are enabled and a  machine  compatible  with  the
2249                     chosen  interface  is  selected.  (See  THE  .DSK FORMAT,
2250                     BETA 128 EMULATION, OPUS DISCOVERY EMULATION,  +D  EMULA‐
2251                     TION,  DIDAKTIK 80  EMULATION and DISCIPLE EMULATION sec‐
2252                     tions below for notes on the file formats supported).
2253
2254                     Once again, any changes made to a  disk  image  will  not
2255                     affect  the  file which was `inserted' into the drive. If
2256                     you do want to keep  any  changes,  use  the  appropriate
2257                     `eject and write' option before exiting Fuse.
2258
2259              Media, Disk, +3, Drive A:, Insert...
2260                     Insert  a  disk-image file to read/write in the +3's emu‐
2261                     lated drive A:.
2262
2263              Media, Disk, +3, Drive A:, Eject
2264                     Eject the disk  image  currently  in  the  +3's  emulated
2265                     drive A:  —  or  from the emulated machine's perspective,
2266                     eject it. Note that any changes made to  the  image  will
2267                     not be saved.
2268
2269              Media, Disk, +3, Drive A:, Save
2270                     Save the disk image currently in the +3's drive A:.
2271
2272              Media, Disk, +3, Drive A:, Save as...
2273                     Save the current state of the disk image currently in the
2274                     +3's drive A: to a file. You will be prompted for a file‐
2275                     name.
2276
2277              Media, Disk, +3, Drive B:, Insert...
2278                     As  above,  but  for  the  +3's  drive B:.  Fuse emulates
2279                     drive B: as a second 3″ drive.
2280
2281              Media, Disk, +3, Drive B:, Eject
2282                     As above, but for drive B:.
2283
2284              Media, Disk, +3, Drive B:, Save
2285                     As above, but for drive B:.
2286
2287              Media, Disk, +3, Drive B:, Save as...
2288                     As above, but for drive B:.
2289
2290              Media, Disk, Beta, Drive A:, Insert New
2291                     Insert a new (unformatted) disk into  the  emulated  Beta
2292                     drive A:.
2293
2294              Media, Disk, Beta, Drive A:, Insert...
2295              Media, Disk, Beta, Drive A:, Eject
2296              Media, Disk, Beta, Drive A:, Save
2297              Media, Disk, Beta, Drive A:, Save as...
2298                     As above, but for the emulated Beta disk drive A:.
2299
2300              Media, Disk, Beta, Drive A:, Write protect, Enable
2301                     Enable  the  write  protect  tab  for  the  image in Beta
2302                     drive A:.
2303
2304              Media, Disk, Beta, Drive A:, Write protect, Disable
2305                     Disable the write protect  tab  for  the  image  in  Beta
2306                     drive A:.
2307
2308              Media, Disk, Beta, Drive B:, ...
2309              Media, Disk, Beta, Drive C:, ...
2310              Media, Disk, Beta, Drive D:, ...
2311                     As above, but for the remaining emulated Beta disk inter‐
2312                     face drives.
2313
2314              Media, Disk, Opus, Drive 1, Insert New
2315              Media, Disk, Opus, Drive 1, Insert...
2316              Media, Disk, Opus, Drive 1, Eject
2317              Media, Disk, Opus, Drive 1, Save
2318              Media, Disk, Opus, Drive 1, Save as...
2319              Media, Disk, Opus, Drive 1, Write protect, Enable
2320              Media, Disk, Opus, Drive 1, Write protect, Disable
2321              Media, Disk, Opus, Drive 2, ...
2322                     As above, but for the emulated Opus Discovery drives.
2323
2324              Media, Disk, +D, Drive 1, Insert New
2325              Media, Disk, +D, Drive 1, Insert...
2326              Media, Disk, +D, Drive 1, Eject
2327              Media, Disk, +D, Drive 1, Save
2328              Media, Disk, +D, Drive 1, Save as...
2329              Media, Disk, +D, Drive 1, Write protect, Enable
2330              Media, Disk, +D, Drive 1, Write protect, Disable
2331              Media, Disk, +D, Drive 2, ...
2332                     As above, but for the emulated +D drives.
2333
2334              Media, Disk, Didaktik 80, Drive A, Insert New
2335              Media, Disk, Didaktik 80, Drive A, Insert...
2336              Media, Disk, Didaktik 80, Drive A, Eject
2337              Media, Disk, Didaktik 80, Drive A, Save
2338              Media, Disk, Didaktik 80, Drive A, Save as...
2339              Media, Disk, Didaktik 80, Drive A, Write protect, Enable
2340              Media, Disk, Didaktik 80, Drive A, Write protect, Disable
2341              Media, Disk, Didaktik 80, Drive B, ...
2342                     As above, but for the emulated Didaktik 80 drives.
2343
2344              Media, Disk, DISCiPLE, Drive 1, Insert New
2345              Media, Disk, DISCiPLE, Drive 1, Insert...
2346              Media, Disk, DISCiPLE, Drive 1, Eject
2347              Media, Disk, DISCiPLE, Drive 1, Save
2348              Media, Disk, DISCiPLE, Drive 1, Save as...
2349              Media, Disk, DISCiPLE, Drive 1, Write protect, Enable
2350              Media, Disk, DISCiPLE, Drive 1, Write protect, Disable
2351              Media, Disk, DISCiPLE, Drive 2, ...
2352                     As above, but for the emulated DISCiPLE drives.
2353
2354              Media, Cartridge, Timex Dock, Insert...
2355                     Insert a cartridge into the Timex 2068  dock.  This  will
2356                     cause  the  emulated  machine to be changed to the TC2068
2357                     (if it wasn't already a 2068 variant) and reset.
2358
2359              Media, Cartridge, Timex Dock, Eject
2360                     Remove the cartridge from the Timex 2068 dock. This  will
2361                     cause the emulated machine to be reset.
2362
2363              Media, Cartridge, Interface 2, Insert...
2364                     Insert  a  cartridge into the Interface 2 cartridge slot.
2365                     This will cause the emulated machine to be reset and  the
2366                     cartridge loaded.
2367
2368              Media, Cartridge, Interface 2, Eject...
2369                     Remove the cartridge from the Interface 2 cartridge slot.
2370                     This will cause the emulated machine to be reset.
2371
2372              Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit, Master, Insert...
2373                     Connect an IDE hard disk to the simple 8-bit  interface's
2374                     master channel.
2375
2376              Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit, Master, Commit
2377                     Cause  any  writes  which  have been done to virtual hard
2378                     disk attached to  the  simple  8-bit  interface's  master
2379                     channel  to be committed to the real disk, such that they
2380                     survive the virtual disk being ejected.
2381
2382              Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit, Master, Eject
2383                     Eject the virtual hard disk from the simple 8-bit  inter‐
2384                     face's  master  channel. Note that any writes to the vir‐
2385                     tual hard disk will be lost unless the Media, IDE, Simple
2386                     8-bit,  Master,  Commit option is used before the disk is
2387                     ejected.
2388
2389              Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit, Slave, Insert...
2390              Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit, Slave, Commit
2391              Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit, Slave, Eject
2392                     The same as the Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit, Master  entries
2393                     above,  but  for the simple 8-bit interface's slave chan‐
2394                     nel.
2395
2396              Media, IDE, ZXATASP, Master, Insert...
2397              Media, IDE, ZXATASP, Master, Commit
2398              Media, IDE, ZXATASP, Master, Eject
2399              Media, IDE, ZXATASP, Slave, Insert...
2400              Media, IDE, ZXATASP, Slave, Commit
2401              Media, IDE, ZXATASP, Slave, Eject
2402                     The same as the Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit, Master  entries
2403                     above, but for the two channels of the ZXATASP interface.
2404
2405              Media, IDE, ZXCF CompactFlash, Insert...
2406              Media, IDE, ZXCF CompactFlash, Commit
2407              Media, IDE, ZXCF CompactFlash, Eject
2408                     The  same as the Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit, Master entries
2409                     above, but for the ZXCF interface's CompactFlash slot.
2410
2411              Media, IDE, ZXMMC, Insert...
2412              Media, IDE, ZXMMC, Commit
2413              Media, IDE, ZXMMC, Eject
2414                     The same as the Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit  entries  above,
2415                     but for the memory card slot of the ZXMMC interface.
2416
2417              Media, IDE, DivIDE, Master, Insert...
2418              Media, IDE, DivIDE, Master, Commit
2419              Media, IDE, DivIDE, Master, Eject
2420              Media, IDE, DivIDE, Slave, Insert...
2421              Media, IDE, DivIDE, Slave, Commit
2422              Media, IDE, DivIDE, Slave, Eject
2423                     The  same  as the Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit entries above,
2424                     but for the two channels of the DivIDE interface.
2425
2426              Media, IDE, DivMMC, Insert...
2427              Media, IDE, DivMMC, Commit
2428              Media, IDE, DivMMC, Eject
2429                     The same as the Media, IDE, Simple 8-bit  entries  above,
2430                     but for the memory card slot of the DivMMC interface.
2431
2432              Help, Keyboard picture...
2433                     Display  a diagram showing the Spectrum keyboard, and the
2434                     various keywords that can be generated with each key from
2435                     (48K)  BASIC.  Under  the  GTK+  and Win32 UIs, this will
2436                     appear in a separate window and emulation continues. With
2437                     the other UIs, the picture remains onscreen (and the emu‐
2438                     lator paused) until you press Esc or Enter.
2439

KEY MAPPINGS

2441       When emulating the Spectrum, keys F1 to F10 are used as  shortcuts  for
2442       various  menu  items,  as described above. The alphanumeric keys (along
2443       with Enter and Space) are mapped as-is to the Spectrum keys. The  other
2444       key mappings are:
2445
2446       Shift  emulated as Caps Shift
2447
2448       Control, Alt, and Meta
2449              emulated  as  Symbol Shift (most other modifiers are also mapped
2450              to this)
2451
2452       Backspace
2453              emulated as Caps–0 (Delete)
2454
2455       Esc    emulated as Caps–1 (Edit)
2456
2457       Caps Lock
2458              emulated as Caps–2
2459
2460       Cursor keys
2461              emulated as Caps–5/6/7/8 (as appropriate)
2462
2463       Tab    emulated as Caps Shift–Symbol Shift (Extended Mode)
2464
2465       Some further punctuation keys are supported, if they exist on your key‐
2466       board  —  `,', `.', `/', `;', `'', `#', `-', and `='.  These are mapped
2467       to the appropriate symbol-shifted keys on the Spectrum.
2468
2469       A list of keys applicable when using  the  file  selection  dialogs  is
2470       given in the FILE SELECTION section below.
2471

DISPLAY SIZE

2473       Some  of  Fuse's UIs allow resizing of the emulated Spectrum's display.
2474       For the window-based ones (GTK+, Win32 and Xlib), you  can  resize  the
2475       window  by,  well,  resizing  it. :-) Exactly how this works depends on
2476       your window manager; you may have to make the  window  over  twice  the
2477       width  and  height  of  the original size before it actually scales up.
2478       Fuse attempts to keep the window `square', but with  some  window  man‐
2479       agers this can mean the window will never resize at all. If you experi‐
2480       ence this problem, the `--no-aspect-hint' option may help.
2481
2482       If you're using the SDL UI under X11 or GTK+, the window will automati‐
2483       cally resize to be the correct size for the graphics filter selected.
2484

GRAPHICS FILTERS

2486       Fuse  has  the  ability  to apply essentially arbitrary filters between
2487       building its image of the Spectrum's screen, and displaying it  on  the
2488       emulating  machine's  monitor.  These filters can be used to do various
2489       forms of smoothing, emulation of TV scanlines and various other  possi‐
2490       bilities.  Support  for  graphics  filters varies between the different
2491       user interfaces, but there are two general classes:  the  GTK+,  Win32,
2492       Xlib,  SVGAlib  and SDL user interfaces (and the saving of .png screen‐
2493       shots) support `interpolating' filters which use a palette larger  than
2494       the  Spectrum's  16 colours,  while the framebuffer user interface cur‐
2495       rently does not support filters at all.
2496
2497       A further complication arises due to the fact that the  Timex  machines
2498       have their high-resolution video mode with twice the horizontal resolu‐
2499       tion. To deal with this, Fuse treats these machines as having  a  `nor‐
2500       mal'  display  size  which  is  twice  the  size of a normal Spectrum's
2501       screen, leading to a different set of filters being available for these
2502       machines.  Note  that  any  of  the double or triple-sizing filters are
2503       available for Timex machines only when using the  SDL,  Win32  or  GTK+
2504       user interfaces.
2505
2506       The  available filters, along with their short name used to select them
2507       from the command line, are:
2508
2509       Timex half (smoothed) (half)
2510       Timex half (skipping) (halfskip)
2511              Two Timex-machine specific filters which scale the  screen  down
2512              to  half normal (Timex) size; that is, the same size as a normal
2513              Spectrum screen. The difference between these two filters is  in
2514              how they handle the high-resolution mode: the `smoothed' version
2515              is an interpolating filter which averages pairs of adjacent pix‐
2516              els,  while the `skipping' version is a non-interpolating filter
2517              which simply drops every other pixel.
2518
2519       Normal (normal)
2520              The simplest filter: just display one pixel for every  pixel  on
2521              the Spectrum's screen.
2522
2523       Double size (2x)
2524              Scale the displayed screen up to double size.
2525
2526       Triple size (3x)
2527              Scale  the  displayed  screen  up to triple size. Available only
2528              with the GTK+, Win32, Xlib and SDL user interfaces or when  sav‐
2529              ing screenshots of non-Timex machines.
2530
2531       2xSaI (2xsai)
2532       Super 2xSaI (super2xsai)
2533       SuperEagle (supereagle)
2534              Three   interpolating  filters  which  apply  successively  more
2535              smoothing. All three double the size of the displayed screen.
2536
2537       AdvMAME2x (advmame2x)
2538              A double-sizing,  non-interpolating  filter  which  attempts  to
2539              smooth diagonal lines.
2540
2541       AdvMAME3x (advmame3x)
2542              Very  similar  to  AdvMAME2x, except that it triples the size of
2543              the displayed screen. Available only with the GTK+, Win32,  Xlib
2544              and  SDL user interfaces or when saving screenshots of non-Timex
2545              machines.
2546
2547       TV 2x (tv2x)
2548       TV 3x (tv3x)
2549       Timex TV (timextv)
2550              Three filters which attempt to emulate the effect of  television
2551              scanlines.  The  first  is  a double-sizing filter for non-Timex
2552              machines, the second is a similar  triple-sizing  filter,  while
2553              the last is a single-sizing filter for Timex machines (note that
2554              this means TV 2X and Timex TV produce the same size output).
2555
2556       PAL TV (paltv)
2557       PAL TV 2x (paltv2x)
2558       PAL TV 3x (paltv3x)
2559              Three filters which attempt to emulate the effect of the PAL  TV
2560              system which layers a lower-resolution colour image over the top
2561              of a higher-resolution black-and-white image.  The  filters  can
2562              also optionally add scanlines like the other TV series scalers.
2563
2564       Dot matrix (dotmatrix)
2565              A double-sizing filter which emulates the effect of a dot-matrix
2566              display.
2567
2568       Timex 1.5x (timex15x)
2569              An interpolating Timex-specific filter which  scales  the  Timex
2570              screen up to 1.5× its usual size (which is therefore 3× the size
2571              of a `normal' Spectrum screen). Available  only  for  the  GTK+,
2572              Win32 and SDL user interfaces or when saving screenshots.
2573
2574       HQ 2x (hq2x)
2575       HQ 3x (hq3x)
2576              Two  filters which do high quality (but slow) antialiasing. Dou‐
2577              bles and triples the size of the displayed screen respectively.
2578

THE EMULATED SPECTRUM

2580       The emulated Spectrum is, by default, an unmodified 48K Spectrum with a
2581       tape  player  and  ZX Printer attached. Oh, and apparently some magical
2582       snapshot load/save machine which is probably best glossed over for  the
2583       sake of the analogy. :-)
2584
2585       To  emulate  different kinds of Spectrum, select the Machine, Select...
2586       menu option, or press F9.
2587
2588       The Spectrum emulation is paused when any dialogs appear. In the widget
2589       UI, it's also paused when menus or the keyboard picture are displayed.
2590

PRINTER EMULATION

2592       The  various  models  of  Spectrum supported a range of ways to connect
2593       printers, three of which are supported by Fuse. Different printers  are
2594       made available for the different models:
2595
2596       16, 48, TC2048, TC2068, TS2068
2597              ZX Printer
2598
2599       128/+2/Pentagon
2600              Serial printer (text-only)
2601
2602       +2A, +3
2603              Parallel printer (text-only)
2604
2605       If  Opus Discovery, +D or DISCiPLE emulation is in use and printer emu‐
2606       lation is enabled, text-only emulation of the disk interface's parallel
2607       printer interface is provided.
2608
2609       Any  printout  is  appended to one (or both) of two files, depending on
2610       the printer — these default to printout.txt for text output, and print‐
2611       out.pbm  for  graphics  (PBM images are supported by most image viewers
2612       and converters). These names can be changed  with  the  --textfile  and
2613       --graphicsfile  options  from  the  command line or configuration file.
2614       While the ZX Printer can only output graphically, simulated text output
2615       is  generated  at  the same time using a crude sort of OCR based on the
2616       current character set (a bit like using SCREEN$). There is currently no
2617       support  for graphics when using the serial/parallel output, though any
2618       escape codes used will be `printed' faithfully. (!)
2619
2620       By the way, it's not a good idea to modify the printout.pbm  file  out‐
2621       side  of Fuse if you want to continue appending to it. The header needs
2622       to have a certain layout for Fuse to be able to continue  appending  to
2623       it  correctly, and the file will be overwritten if it can't be appended
2624       to.
2625

ZXATASP AND ZXCF

2627       The ZXATASP and ZXCF interfaces are two peripherals  designed  by  Sami
2628       Vehmaa  which  significantly  extend  the capabilities of the Spectrum.
2629       More  details   on   both   are   available   from   Sami's   homepage,
2630       http://user.tninet.se/~vjz762w/, but a brief overview is given here.
2631
2632       The  real ZXATASP comes with either 128K or 512K of RAM and the ability
2633       to connect an IDE hard disks and a CompactFlash card,  while  the  ZXCF
2634       comes with 128K, 512K or 1024K of RAM and the ability to connect a Com‐
2635       pactFlash card. From an emulation point of view, the two interfaces are
2636       actually  very  similar as a CompactFlash card is logically just an IDE
2637       hard disk. Currently, Fuse's emulation is fixed at having 512K  of  RAM
2638       in the ZXATASP and 1024K in the ZXCF.
2639
2640       To  activate  the  ZXATASP,  simply select the ZXATASP interface option
2641       from the Options, Peripherals, Disk...  dialog. The state of the upload
2642       and  write protect jumpers is then controlled by the ZXATASP upload and
2643       ZXATASP write protect options. Similarly, the ZXCF is controlled by the
2644       ZXCF interface and ZXCF upload options (the ZXCF write protect is soft‐
2645       ware controlled).
2646
2647       If you're using either the ZXATASP or ZXCF, you almost  certainly  want
2648       to  investigate ResiDOS, the operating system designed for use with the
2649       ZXATASP and ZXCF. ResiDOS provides facilities for using the extra  RAM,
2650       accessing  the  mass storage devices and a task manager allowing virtu‐
2651       ally  instant  switching  between  programs  on   the   Spectrum.   See
2652       http://www.worldofspectrum.org/residos/ for more details.
2653

DIVIDE

2655       The  DivIDE  is  another  IDE interface for the Spectrum, of which full
2656       details       can       be        found        at        http://web.ar
2657       chive.org/web/20150302052256/http://baze.au.com/divide/.  The interface
2658       can be activated via the DivIDE  interface  option  from  the  Options,
2659       Peripherals, Disk...  dialog, and the state of its write protect jumper
2660       controlled via the DivIDE write protect option.  If you're going to  be
2661       using  the  DivIDE, you'll probably want one of the firmwares available
2662       from the DivIDE homepage.
2663

DIVMMC

2665       The DivMMC is a MMC interface for the Spectrum. Originally designed  by
2666       Alessandro Dorigatti for the V6Z80P+ FPGA board as the fusion of DivIDE
2667       and ZXMMC+ interfaces, later assembled as an interface for  real  spec‐
2668       trums  by  Mario Prato. Currently there are variants with different RAM
2669       size, one/two memory cards slots, optional kempston jostick, etc.
2670
2671       The interface can be activated via the DivMMC interface option from the
2672       Options,  Peripherals,  Disk...   dialog,  and  the state of its EEPROM
2673       write protect jumper controlled via the DivMMC  write  protect  option.
2674       If  you're going to be using the DivMMC, you'll need to load the ESXDOS
2675       firmware at http://www.esxdos.org/ or use the ZX Spectrum +3e  ROMs  by
2676       Garry Lancaster.
2677
2678       You'll  also need a HDF image to store the contents of the memory card.
2679       There are several tools to create  and  manipulate  this  file  format,
2680       e.g., hdfmonkey at https://github.com/gasman/hdfmonkey.
2681

SPECTRANET EMULATION

2683       The  Spectranet is an Ethernet network interface for the ZX Spectrum by
2684       Dylan Thomas. The interface can be activated via the Spectranet  option
2685       on  the  Peripherals preferences dialog, and the state of its automatic
2686       page-in (disable) jumper controlled via the Spectranet disable  option.
2687       If you're going to be using the Spectranet, you'll probably want one of
2688       the firmwares available  from  the  Spectranet  homepage  (http://spec
2689       trum.alioth.net/doc/index.php)  which  is  also where you can find more
2690       information on using the interface.
2691
2692       Installing the Spectranet firmware on Fuse is slightly more complicated
2693       than on a real machine, mostly because Fuse's emulation doesn't support
2694       DHCP. These instructions are correct as of 2012-01-26 — if you're using
2695       a later firmware than this, things may have changed slightly.
2696
2697       The  first  thing  you will need to do is to obtain a copy of the Spec‐
2698       tranet installer as a .tap file (or similar).  The  installer  is  also
2699       available at the Spectranet site above.
2700
2701       Once  you  have  a copy of the installer, start Fuse and tick the Spec‐
2702       tranet option from the Options, Peripherals,  General...   dialog,  and
2703       the  state  of  its  write protect jumper controlled via the Spectranet
2704       disable option. Once that's done, open  the  installer  file  (use  the
2705       Media,  Tape,  Open...   command  rather than File, Open...  to prevent
2706       autoloading) and enter the following commands from BASIC:
2707
2708       CLEAR 26999
2709       LOAD "" CODE
2710       RANDOMIZE USR 27000
2711
2712       The screen should turn blue and you'll see around 20 lines  of  message
2713       appearing  as  the firmware is installed, starting with “Erasing sector
2714       0” and finishing with “Restoring page B”, and you'll get  the  familiar
2715       0 OK, 0: 1 at the bottom of the screen.
2716
2717       Now untick the Spectranet disable option from the Options, Peripherals,
2718       General...  dialog and reset the Spectrum. You should see a very  brief
2719       blue  status  screen,  before the regular copyright screen appears with
2720       some Spectranet information at the top — there should  be  four  status
2721       lines,  starting  with  “Alioth  Spectranet”  and ending with the Spec‐
2722       tranet's IP address (which will be 255.255.255.255 at this stage).
2723
2724       Now trigger an NMI (the Machine / NMI menu option) and you should get a
2725       white on blue Spectranet NMI menu with five options.
2726
2727       Select [A] Configure network settings — this should lead you to another
2728       menu, which will scroll of the top of the  screen;  don't  worry  about
2729       this for now.
2730
2731       You'll now need to set various options:
2732
2733       [A] Enable/disable DHCP — select N
2734       [B]  Change  IP  address  — enter the IP address of the machine you are
2735       running Fuse on.
2736       [C] Change netmask — enter the appropriate netmask for the  IP  address
2737       you  selected  above.  If  that  doesn't  mean  anything  to  you,  try
2738       255.255.255.0
2739       [D] Change default gateway — enter the appropriate gateway address.  If
2740       you don't know any better, enter the IP address of your router.
2741       [E]  Change  primary DNS — enter the address of your DNS server. If you
2742       don't know any better, use Google's public DNS server, 8.8.8.8.
2743
2744       There is no need to change options [F] or [G], but do select:
2745
2746       [H] Change hostname —  enter  a  hostname  for  the  Spectranet-enabled
2747       machine.  It  doesn't  really  matter what you enter here — it's mostly
2748       useful just to replace the junk default name so you can see what you've
2749       entered for the other settings.
2750
2751       Your screen should now look something like this:
2752
2753       Current configuration
2754       ───────────────────────────────────────
2755       Use DHCP           : No
2756       IP address         : 192.168.000.002
2757       Netmask            : 255.255.255.000
2758       Default gateway    : 192.168.000.001
2759       Primary DNS        : 192.168.000.001
2760       Secondary DNS      : 255.255.255.255
2761       Hardware address   : FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
2762       Hostname           : fuse
2763       <menu options>
2764
2765       If  everything  looks correct, select [I] Save changes and exit (you'll
2766       see a brief “Saving configuration...” message) followed by [E] Exit, at
2767       which point you'll be returned to BASIC.
2768
2769       Now type the following commands:
2770
2771       %cfgnew
2772       %cfgcommit
2773
2774       Which will show the standard 0 OK, 0:1 at the bottom of the screen.
2775
2776       Reset  the Spectrum again and you'll see the same four line status dis‐
2777       play, but this time with your IP address on the last line.
2778
2779       Congratulations! You have now installed  the  Spectranet  firmware.  To
2780       save  having  to  go through all that every time you start Fuse, save a
2781       .szx snapshot at this point, and load that in every time  you  want  to
2782       use the Spectranet.
2783

FILE SELECTION

2785       The  way  you  select a file (whether snapshot or tape file) depends on
2786       which UI you're using. So firstly, here's how  to  use  the  GTK+  file
2787       selector.
2788
2789       The  selector  shows the directories and files in the current directory
2790       in two separate subwindows. If either list is too big  to  fit  in  the
2791       window,  you  can  use  the  scrollbar to see the rest (by dragging the
2792       slider, for example), or you can use Shift–Tab (to  move  the  keyboard
2793       focus  to  a  subwindow) and use the cursor keys.  To change directory,
2794       double-click it.
2795
2796       To choose a file to load you can either double-click it,  or  click  it
2797       then click Ok.  Or click Cancel to abort.
2798
2799       If  you're  using  the  keyboard,  probably  the easiest way to use the
2800       selector is to just ignore it and type in the name. This isn't as  irk‐
2801       some as it sounds, since the filename input box has filename completion
2802       — type part of a directory or file name, then  press  Tab.   It  should
2803       complete  it. If it was a directory, it moves to that directory; if the
2804       completion was ambiguous, it completes as much as possible, and narrows
2805       the  filenames  shown to those which match. You should press Enter when
2806       you've finished typing the filename, or Esc to abort.
2807
2808       Now, if you're using the widget UI — the one using the Spectrum font  —
2809       the selector works a bit differently. The files and directories are all
2810       listed in a single two-column-wide window (the directories are shown at
2811       the  top,  ending  in  `/')  —  the  names may be truncated onscreen if
2812       they're too long to fit.
2813
2814       To move the cursor, you can either use the cursor keys, or the Spectrum
2815       equivalents  5/6/7/8,  or (similarly) h/j/k/l. For faster movement, the
2816       Page Up, Page Down, Home, and End keys are supported and do what  you'd
2817       expect.  To  select  a file or directory, press Enter.  To abort, press
2818       Esc.
2819
2820       With both selectors, do bear in mind that all files are shown,  whether
2821       Fuse would be able to load them or not.
2822

MONITOR/DEBUGGER

2824       Firstly,  note  that  the vast majority of this section applies only if
2825       you're using the GTK+ user interface; if you're using one of the widget
2826       user  interfaces,  you'll get a very basic monitor which shows the cur‐
2827       rent values of the registers and allows you to single step through exe‐
2828       cution or continue.
2829
2830       If  you  are  using the GTK+ user interface, Fuse features a moderately
2831       powerful, completely transparent monitor/debugger, which can  be  acti‐
2832       vated via the Machine, Debugger...  menu option. A debugger window will
2833       appear, showing the current state of the emulated machine: the top-left
2834       `pane' shows the current state of the Z80 and the last bytes written to
2835       any emulated peripherals. The bottom-left pane lists any active  break‐
2836       points. Moving right, the next pane shows where the Spectrum's 64K mem‐
2837       ory map (the `W?'  and `C?'  indicate whether each displayed  chunk  is
2838       writable or contended respectively).  Fuse tracks the memory mapping of
2839       the overall address space in 2KB chunks but will summarise  the  mapped
2840       pages  where  they  are  part of the same page of the underlying memory
2841       source (e.g. 8KB page sizes in the Spectrum 128K and 4KB pages  in  the
2842       Timex clones' DOCK and EXROM banks).
2843
2844       The  next  pane to the right has a disassembly, which by default starts
2845       at the current program counter, although this can be modified either by
2846       the `disassemble' command (see below) or by dragging the scrollbar next
2847       to it. The next pane shows the current stack, and the  final  pane  any
2848       `events'  which  are  due  to  occur and could affect emulation. Any of
2849       these panes can be removed by use of the View menu. Below the  displays
2850       are  an  entry box for debugger commands, and five buttons for control‐
2851       ling the debugger:
2852
2853       Evaluate
2854              Evaluate the command currently in the entry box.
2855
2856       Single Step
2857              Run precisely one Z80 opcode and then stop emulation again.
2858
2859       Continue
2860              Restart emulation, but leave the debugger window open. Note that
2861              the  debugger window will not be updated while emulation is run‐
2862              ning.
2863
2864       Break
2865              Stop emulation and return to the debugger.
2866
2867       Close
2868              Close the debugger window and restart emulation.
2869
2870       Double-clicking on an entry in the stack pane will cause  emulation  to
2871       run until the program counter reaches the value stored at that address,
2872       while double-clicking on an entry in the `events' pane will cause  emu‐
2873       lation to run until that time is reached.
2874
2875       The  main  power  of  the debugger is via the commands entered into the
2876       entry box, which are similar in nature (but definitely not identical to
2877       or  as  powerful  as)  to those in gdb(1).  In general, the debugger is
2878       case-insensitive, and numbers will be interpreted  as  decimal,  unless
2879       prefixed  by  either  `0x' or `$' when they will be interpreted as hex.
2880       Each command can be abbreviated to the portion not in curly braces.
2881
2882       ba{se} number
2883              Change the debugger window to displaying output in base  number.
2884              Available values are 10 (decimal) or 16 (hex).
2885
2886       br{eakpoint} [address] [if condition]
2887              Set  a  breakpoint  to stop emulation and return to the debugger
2888              whenever an opcode is executed at address and  condition  evalu‐
2889              ates  true.  If  address  is omitted, it defaults to the current
2890              value of PC.
2891
2892       br{eakpoint} p{ort} (re{ad}|w{rite}) port [if condition]
2893              Set a breakpoint to trigger whenever IO port port is  read  from
2894              or written to and condition evaluates true.
2895
2896       br{eakpoint} (re{ad}|w{rite}) [address] [if condition]
2897              Set  a breakpoint to trigger whenever memory location address is
2898              read from (other than via an opcode fetch)  or  written  to  and
2899              condition evaluates true.  Address again defaults to the current
2900              value of PC if omitted.
2901
2902       br{eakpoint} ti{me} time [if condition]
2903              Set a breakpoint to occur time tstates after the  start  of  the
2904              every  frame,  assuming  condition  evaluates  true  (if  one is
2905              given).
2906
2907       br{eakpoint} ev{ent} area:detail [if condition]
2908              Set  a  breakpoint  to  occur  when  the  event   specified   by
2909              area:detail  occurs  and condition evaluates to true. The events
2910              which can be caught are:
2911
2912              beta128:page
2913              beta128:unpage
2914                     The Beta 128 interface is paged into  or  out  of  memory
2915                     respectively.
2916              didaktik80:page
2917              didaktik80:unpage
2918                     The  Didaktik 80 interface is paged into or out of memory
2919                     respectively.
2920              disciple:page
2921              disciple:unpage
2922                     The DISCiPLE interface is paged into  or  out  of  memory
2923                     respectively.
2924              divide:page
2925              divide:unpage
2926                     The  DivIDE  interface  is  paged  into  or out of memory
2927                     respectively.
2928              divmmc:page
2929              divmmc:unpage
2930                     The DivIDE interface is  paged  into  or  out  of  memory
2931                     respectively.
2932              if1:page
2933              if1:unpage
2934                     The  Interface 1  shadow ROM is paged into or out of mem‐
2935                     ory.
2936              multiface:page
2937              multiface:unpage
2938                     The Multiface One/128/3 is paged into or  out  of  memory
2939                     respectively.
2940              opus:page
2941              opus:unpage
2942                     The Opus Discovery is paged into or out of memory respec‐
2943                     tively.
2944              plusd:page
2945              plusd:unpage
2946                     The +D interface is paged into or out of  memory  respec‐
2947                     tively.
2948              rzx:end
2949                     An RZX recording finishes playing.
2950              speccyboot:page
2951              speccyboot:unpage
2952                     The SpeccyBoot interface is paged into or out of memory.
2953              spectranet:page
2954              spectranet:unpage
2955                     The Spectranet interface is paged into or out of memory.
2956              tape:play
2957              tape:stop
2958                     The emulated tape starts or stops playing.
2959              zxatasp:page
2960              zxatasp:unpage
2961                     The ZXATASP interface is paged into or out of memory.
2962              zxcf:page
2963              zxcf:unpage
2964                     The ZXCF interface is paged into or out of memory.
2965
2966              In  all cases, the event can be specified as area:* to catch all
2967              events from that area.
2968
2969       cl{ear} [address]
2970              Remove all breakpoints at address or the current value of PC  if
2971              address is omitted. Port read/write breakpoints are unaffected.
2972
2973       com{mmands} id <newline>
2974       <debugger command> <newline>
2975       <debugger command> <newline>
2976       ...
2977       end
2978              Set  things  such  that  the specified debugger commands will be
2979              automatically executed when breakpoint id is triggered. There is
2980              currently  no  user  interface  for entering multi-line debugger
2981              commands, so the only way to specify this command is on the com‐
2982              mand-line via the --debugger-command option.
2983
2984       cond{ition} id [condition]
2985              Set  breakpoint  id  to  trigger only when condition is true, or
2986              unconditionally if condition is omitted.
2987
2988       co{ntinue}
2989              Equivalent to the Continue button.
2990
2991       del{ete} [id]
2992              Remove breakpoint id, or all breakpoints if id is omitted.
2993
2994       di{sassemble} address
2995              Set the centre panel disassembly to begin at address.
2996
2997       ex{it} [expression]
2998              Exit the emulator immediately, using  the  exit  code  resulting
2999              from  the  evaluation of expression, or 0 if expression is omit‐
3000              ted.
3001
3002       fi{nish}
3003              Exit from the current CALL or equivalent. This isn't infallible:
3004              it  works  by setting a temporary breakpoint at the current con‐
3005              tents of the stack pointer, so will not  function  correctly  if
3006              the  code returns to some other point or plays with its stack in
3007              other ways. Also, setting this breakpoint doesn't disable  other
3008              breakpoints,  which  may  trigger before this one. In that case,
3009              the temporary breakpoint remains, and the `continue' command can
3010              be used to return to it.
3011
3012       i{gnore} id count
3013              Do  not  trigger  the  next count times that breakpoint id would
3014              have triggered.
3015
3016       n{ext}
3017              Step to the opcode following the current one. As with the  `fin‐
3018              ish'  command,  this  works by setting a temporary breakpoint at
3019              the next opcode, so is not infallible.
3020
3021       o{ut} port value
3022              Write value to IO port port.
3023
3024       pr{int} expression
3025              Print the value of expression to standard output.
3026
3027       se{t} address value
3028              Poke value into memory at address.
3029
3030       se{t} $variable value
3031              Set the value of the debugger variable variable to value.
3032
3033       se{t} area:detail value
3034              Set the value of the system variable area:detail to value.   The
3035              available system variables are listed below.
3036
3037       s{tep}
3038              Equivalent to the Single Step button.
3039
3040       t{breakpoint} [options]
3041              This  is  the  same  as  the `breakpoint' command in its various
3042              forms, except that the breakpoint is temporary: it will  trigger
3043              once and once only, and then be removed.
3044
3045       Addresses  can  be  specified  in  one of two forms: either an absolute
3046       addresses, specified by an integer in the range 0x0000 to 0xFFFF or  as
3047       a  `source:page:offset'  combination, which refers to a location offset
3048       bytes into memory bank page, independent of where  that  bank  is  cur‐
3049       rently  paged  into  memory.  RAM  and ROM pages are indicated, respec‐
3050       tively, by `RAM' and `ROM' sources (e.g.  offset  0x1234  in  ROM 1  is
3051       specified as `ROM:1:0x1234').  Other available sources are: `Betadisk',
3052       `Didaktik 80 RAM', `Didaktik 80 ROM', `DISCiPLE RAM',  `DISCiPLE  ROM',
3053       `DivIDE  EPROM',  `DivIDE  RAM',  `DivMMC  EPROM', `DivMMC RAM', `If1',
3054       `If2', `Multiface RAM', `Multiface ROM', `Opus RAM', `Opus ROM', `PlusD
3055       RAM',  `PlusD  ROM',  `SpeccyBoot',  `Spectranet', `Timex Dock', `Timex
3056       EXROM', `uSource', `ZXATASP' and `ZXCF'.  Please, note that  spaces  in
3057       memory    sources    should    be    escaped,   e.g.,   `break   Didak‐
3058       tik\ 80\ ROM:0:0x1234'.  The 48K machines are treated as having a  per‐
3059       manent  mapping  of  page 5  at  0x4000, page 2 at 0x8000 and page 0 at
3060       0xC000; the 16K Spectrum is treated as having page 5 at 0x4000  and  no
3061       page at 0x8000 and 0xC000.
3062
3063       Anywhere  the  debugger  is  expecting a numeric value, except where it
3064       expects a breakpoint id, you can  instead  use  a  numeric  expression,
3065       which  uses a restricted version of C's syntax; exactly the same syntax
3066       is used for conditional breakpoints, with `0' being false and any other
3067       value being true. In numeric expressions, you can use integer constants
3068       (all calculations are done in  integers),  system  variables,  debugger
3069       variables, parentheses, the standard four numeric operations (`+', `-',
3070       `*' and `/'), the (non-)equality operators `==' and `!=', the  compari‐
3071       son  operators `>', `<', `>=' and `<=', bitwise and (`&'), or (`|') and
3072       exclusive or (`^') and logical and (`&&') and or (`||').  Square brack‐
3073       ets  (`['  and  `]')  can  be  used to dereference a value; for example
3074       `[0x4000]' will give the value of the first byte of the screen.
3075
3076       System variables are specified via an `area:detail' syntax. The  avail‐
3077       able system variables are:
3078
3079       ay:current
3080              The current AY-3-8912 register.
3081       divmmc:control
3082              The last byte written to DivMMC control port.
3083       spectrum:frames
3084              The frame count since reset. Note that this variable can only be
3085              read, not written to.
3086       tape:microphone
3087              The current level of the tape input connected to the `EAR' port.
3088              Note that this variable can only be read, not written to.
3089       ula:last
3090              The  last  byte  written to the ULA. Note that this variable can
3091              only be read, not written to.
3092       ula:mem1ffd
3093              The last byte written to memory control  port  used  by  the  ZX
3094              Spectrum +2A/3; normally addressed at 0x1ffd, hence the name.
3095       ula:mem7ffd
3096              The last byte written to primary memory control port used by the
3097              ZX Spectrum 128 and later; normally addressed at  0x7ffd,  hence
3098              the name.
3099       ula:tstates
3100              The number of tstates since the last interrupt.
3101       z80: register name
3102              The  value  of  the specified register. Both 8-bit registers and
3103              16-bit register pairs are supported. The MEMPTR / WZ hidden reg‐
3104              ister is also supported.
3105       z80:im
3106              The current interrupt mode of the Z80.
3107       z80:iff1
3108       z80:iff2
3109              1 if the specified interrupt flip-flop is currently set, or 0 if
3110              it is not set.
3111

THE POKE FINDER

3113       The `poke finder' is a tool which is designed to make the task of find‐
3114       ing  (infinite  lives etc.) pokes for games a bit easier: it is similar
3115       to the `Lifeguard' utility which was available for use with the  Multi‐
3116       face.  It works by maintaining a list of locations in which the current
3117       number of lives (etc.) may be stored, and having the ability to  remove
3118       from that list any locations which don't contain a specified value.
3119
3120       The  poke  finder dialog contains an entry box for specifying the value
3121       to be searched for, a count of the current number of possible locations
3122       and, if there are less than 20 possible locations, a list of the possi‐
3123       ble locations (in `page:offset' format). The five buttons act  as  fol‐
3124       lows:
3125
3126       Incremented
3127              Remove  from  the list of possible locations all addresses which
3128              have not been incremented since the last search.
3129
3130       Decremented
3131              Remove from the list of possible locations all  addresses  which
3132              have not been decremented since the last search.
3133
3134       Search
3135              Remove  from  the list of possible locations all addresses which
3136              do not contain the value specified in the `Search for' field.
3137
3138       Reset
3139              Reset the poke finder so that all locations are considered  pos‐
3140              sible.
3141
3142       Close
3143              Close  the  dialog.  Note  that  this does not reset the current
3144              state of the poke finder.
3145
3146       Double-clicking on an entry in the  list  of  possible  locations  will
3147       cause a breakpoint to be set to trigger whenever that location is writ‐
3148       ten to.
3149
3150       An example of how to use this may make things a bit clearer. We'll  use
3151       the  128K  version  of  Gryzor.  Load the game, define keys to suit and
3152       start playing. Immediately pause the game and bring up the poke  finder
3153       dialog.  We  note that we currently have 6 lives, so enter `6' into the
3154       `Search for' field and click `Search'. This reduces the number of  pos‐
3155       sible  locations to around 931 (you may get a slightly different number
3156       depending on exactly when you paused the game). Play along  a  bit  and
3157       then  (deliberately)  lose a life. Pause the game again. As we now have
3158       5 lives, replace the `6' in the `Search for' field with a `5' and click
3159       `Search'  again.  This  then  reduces the list of possible locations to
3160       just one: page 2, offset 0x00BC. This is the only  location  in  memory
3161       which  stored  `6'  when we had 6 lives and `5' when we had 5 lives, so
3162       its pretty likely that this is where the lives count is stored. Double-
3163       clicking on the `2:0x00BC' entry in the dialog will set the appropriate
3164       breakpoint (you may wish to open the debugger at this point to  confirm
3165       this).  Play  along a bit more. When you next lose a life, emulation is
3166       stopped with PC at 0x91CD. Scrolling up a few addresses in  the  debug‐
3167       ger's  disassembly pane shows a value was loaded from 0x80BC (our hypo‐
3168       thetical lives counter), decremented and then stored again  to  0x80BC,
3169       which  looks  very much like the code to reduce the number of lives. We
3170       can now use the debugger to replace the  decrement  with  a  NOP  (`set
3171       0x91c9 0'), and playing the game some more after this reveals that this
3172       has worked and we now have infinite lives.
3173

THE POKE MEMORY

3175       Fuse supports multiface  POKEs,  allowing  to  modify  specific  memory
3176       addresses in order to cheat (infinite lives, infinite ammo, etc.).
3177
3178       The  `poke  memory' dialog contains a list of recently loaded POKEs and
3179       some entry boxes for adding custom POKEs:
3180
3181       Bank
3182              Sets the 128K memory bank (values `0' to  `7')  or  the  current
3183              memory mapping (value `8' or blank).
3184
3185       Address
3186              Memory address to modify. Values in range 16384 to 65535 for 48K
3187              memory mode or 0 to 65535 for 128K memory banks.  GTK+  UI  also
3188              accepts hex addresses.
3189
3190       Value
3191              New  value  for the former address, in range 0 to 255. Value 256
3192              means “Prompt to the user later”.
3193
3194       It is possible to load POKEs from an  external  file  using  the  File,
3195       Open...  menu option or the drag-and-drop functionality in the GTK+ and
3196       Win32 UIs.  After loading a snapshot or tape, Fuse will try to automat‐
3197       ically locate a POK file with the same file name. This means that if we
3198       open  `GAME.TAP',  then  Fuse  will  try   to   open   `GAME.POK'   and
3199       `POKES/GAME.POK'.  See http://www.worldofspectrum.org/POKformat.txt for
3200       more details about this file format.
3201
3202       POKEs loaded in the list can be activated or deactivated  as  the  user
3203       wants and will remain in memory until a machine reset.
3204

THE .DSK FORMAT

3206       In  general, disk images for the +3 Spectrum are thought of as being in
3207       DSK format. However, this  is  actually  a  slight  oversimplification;
3208       there  are  in  fact  two similar, but not identical, DSK formats. (The
3209       difference can be seen by doing `head  -1  dskfile':  one  format  will
3210       start `MV - CPCEMU' and the other will start `EXTENDED').
3211
3212       Fuse supports both the `CPCEMU' and `EXTENDED' formats.
3213

BETA 128 EMULATION

3215       Fuse  supports  Betadisk  emulation in its Pentagon and Scorpion emula‐
3216       tion, and also under 48K, TC2048, 128K and +2 (but not  +2A)  emulation
3217       if the Beta 128 interface option from the Options, Peripherals, Disk...
3218       dialog is enabled. When that option is used in 48K or TC2048  emulation
3219       the  Beta 128  auto-boot  in  48K machines option additionally controls
3220       whether the machine boots directly into the TR-DOS system. See the DISK
3221       FILE FORMATS section for more details on supported disk file formats.
3222

OPUS DISCOVERY EMULATION

3224       By  default,  Fuse  emulates  the  Opus  Discovery  interface  with the
3225       optional 2k RAM expansion and  a  second  40 track  single  sided  disk
3226       drive.  See the DISK FILE FORMATS section for more details on supported
3227       disk file formats. The Opus Discovery's printer port is  also  emulated
3228       for  output only. (See the PRINTER EMULATION section for more details.)
3229       The Opus Discovery may only be used with 16K, 48K, 128K, TC2048 and  +2
3230       (not  +2A)  emulation.   To access disks, use the same syntax as Inter‐
3231       face 1 and Microdrives.
3232

+D EMULATION

3234       Fuse supports emulating the +D disk and printer interface. See the DISK
3235       FILE  FORMATS  section for more details on supported disk file formats.
3236       The +D's printer port is emulated. (See the PRINTER  EMULATION  section
3237       for  more  details.) The +D may only be used with 48K, 128K and +2 (not
3238       +2A) emulation.  To access disks, you will first need to load G+DOS, by
3239       inserting  a  disk  containing  the DOS file (+SYS) and entering “RUN”.
3240       Once DOS is loaded, you can load to/from +D disks  by  prefixing  file‐
3241       names with `dn' where `n' is the number of the drive in use.  For exam‐
3242       ple, `LOAD d1"myfile"' would load the file named `myfile' from the emu‐
3243       lated drive 1.  Microdrive syntax may also be used.
3244
3245       To save a snapshot, choose the Machine, NMI menu option, and then press
3246       `4' to save a 48K snapshot, or `5' to save a 128K snapshot.  When  sav‐
3247       ing a 128K snapshot, you must then press Y or N to indicate whether the
3248       screen changed while saving the snapshot, to finish  saving.   You  can
3249       also  choose  `3'  to  save  a  screenshot to disk.  Holding Caps Shift
3250       together with any of these options will cause the +D  to  save  to  the
3251       `other' drive to the one used last.
3252
3253       Options  `1' and `2' allow screenshots to be printed (in monochrome, in
3254       normal and large formats respectively) if printer emulation is enabled.
3255       For saving and loading of snapshots, and saving of screenshots to disk,
3256       G+DOS must be loaded first, but printing of  screenshots  can  be  per‐
3257       formed without loading G+DOS.
3258
3259       Finally, `X' will return from the NMI menu.
3260

DIDAKTIK 80 EMULATION

3262       Fuse supports Didaktik 80 (and Didaktik 40) emulation.  It emulates the
3263       original version of the Didaktik 80, running MDOS 1 and with  a  WD2797
3264       floppy  controller.  See the DISK FILE FORMATS section for more details
3265       on supported disk file formats.  The Didaktik 80 may only be used  with
3266       16K,  48K and TC2048 emulation.  To press the Didaktik 80's `SNAP' but‐
3267       ton, choose the Machine, Didaktik SNAP menu option.
3268

DISCIPLE EMULATION

3270       Fuse supports  emulating  the  DISCiPLE  disk  and  printer  interface,
3271       although  it  does not currently support emulation of the Sinclair Net‐
3272       work, or support emulation of a DISCiPLE attached to  a  128K  machine.
3273       See  the  DISK  FILE FORMATS section for more details on supported disk
3274       file formats, which are the same  as  for  +D  emulation  as  described
3275       above. The DISCiPLE's printer port is emulated. (See the PRINTER EMULA‐
3276       TION section for more details.) The DISCiPLE may only be used with  48K
3277       emulation  at  present.   To  access disks, you will first need to load
3278       GDOS, by inserting a disk containing the DOS file  (SYS)  and  entering
3279       “RUN”.  Once DOS is loaded, you can load to/from DISCiPLE disks by pre‐
3280       fixing filenames with `dn' where `n' is the number of the drive in use.
3281       For  example, `LOAD d1"myfile"' would load the file named `myfile' from
3282       the emulated drive 1.  Microdrive syntax may also be used.
3283
3284       Snapshots can be saved in a  similar  manner  to  that  of  the  +D  as
3285       described  above,  but  note  that  GDOS on the DISCiPLE contains a bug
3286       which causes corruption as soon as the NMI button is pressed, affecting
3287       saving of snapshots, and also loading of snapshots that were originally
3288       saved with a +D or SAM Coupé.  This will cause corruption even  when  a
3289       screenshot  is  printed,  or  if  the menu is never even entered in the
3290       first place (due to Caps Shift not being pressed down, as  is  required
3291       for  the  DISCiPLE),  provided  that  GDOS  is loaded.  This bug is not
3292       present in G+DOS on the +D.  (Note: this was caused by saving/restoring
3293       the  AF  register  twice  in the NMI handler, where both AF and the AF'
3294       shadow register should have been saved/restored.)
3295
3296       The NMI button works slightly differently on the DISCiPLE than  on  the
3297       +D.   Caps  Shift must be held down whilst pressing the NMI button, and
3298       there is no `X' option to exit the menu.  Also, printing of screenshots
3299       requires  GDOS  to  be  loaded.  Depending on the UI that you're using,
3300       holding down Caps Shift whilst choosing the Machine,  NMI  menu  option
3301       may  be  slightly  tricky, or even impossible.  For the GTK+ UI, ensure
3302       that the Shift key is held before entering on the  Machine  menu.   For
3303       the widget UI, it does not seem possible to perform this action.
3304

DISK FILE FORMATS

3306       Fuse  supports several disk image formats in its +D, Didaktik, DISCiPLE
3307       and Beta 128 emulation.
3308
3309       For reading:
3310
3311       .UDI
3312              Ultra    Disk    Image;    for    specification    please    see
3313              http://faqwiki.zxnet.co.uk/wiki/UDI_format                    or
3314              http://zxmak.chat.ru/docs.htm
3315
3316              This is the only image format which can store all  the  relevant
3317              information  of  the recorded data on a magnetic disk, so it can
3318              be used for any non standard disk  format.  Fuse  can  read  all
3319              extended  track  types  too (mixed FM/MFM, or tracks with `WEAK'
3320              data or even compressed tracks too).
3321
3322       .FDI
3323              UKV Spectrum Debugger disk image format.
3324
3325       .MGT .IMG
3326              DISCiPLE/+D file formats.
3327
3328       .SAD
3329              For compatibility with SAM Coupé disk images  using  these  for‐
3330              mats.   Note  that SAM Coupé `.DSK' images share the same format
3331              as `.MGT'.
3332
3333       .D80 .D40
3334              Didaktik 80 and Didaktik 40 file formats.
3335
3336       .TRD
3337              TR-DOS disk image. TRD and SCL sectors are  loaded  interleaved,
3338              therefore  you  might  experience problems with TR-DOS ROMs that
3339              use the turbo format (sequential sectors); for detailed informa‐
3340              tion             please            see            http://web.ar
3341              chive.org/web/20070808150548/http://www.ram
3342              soft.bbk.org/tech/tr-info.zip
3343
3344       .SCL
3345              A simple archive format for TR-DOS disk files. For specification
3346              please see http://www.zx-modules.de/fileformats/sclformat.html
3347
3348       .TD0
3349              Teledisk image format; Fuse supports only files which do not use
3350              the “Advanced Compression” option. Detailed description found in
3351              http://www.classiccmp.org/dunfield/img54306/td0notes.txt     and
3352              https://web.ar
3353              chive.org/web/20130116072335/http://www.fpns.net/willy/wteledsk.htm
3354
3355       .DSK
3356              CPC  disk  image format; Fuse supports the plain old and the new
3357              extended CPC format too. Further information please see the  THE
3358              .DSK   FORMAT  section  and  the  CPCEMU  manual  section  7.7.1
3359              http://www.cpc-emu.org/linux/cpcemu_e.txt         or         the
3360              http://www.cpctech.org.uk/docs/extdsk.html
3361
3362       .OPD .OPU
3363              Opus Discovery file formats.
3364
3365       Fuse  supports  most  of  the above formats for writing: .UDI .FDI .MGT
3366       .IMG .SAD .D80 .D40 .TRD .SCL .OPD .OPU .DSK (only the old CPC format).
3367
3368       You can save disk images with any output format, just select the appro‐
3369       priate  extension.  (e.g.  `elite3.udi' to save as an UDI file). If the
3370       appropriate libraries were available when libspectrum(3) was  compiled,
3371       than  Fuse will try to create UDI images with compressed tracks to save
3372       disk space.  There is a .LOG `image' format for debugging purpose. This
3373       is a plain text file that contains three dumps of the loaded disk image
3374       at different details.  Not all image formats can store all disk images.
3375       You  cannot  save  a disk image with an inappropriate format that loses
3376       some information (e.g. variable track length or sector length).
3377

WEAK DISK DATA

3379       Some copy protections have what is  described  as  `weak/random'  data.
3380       Each  time  the sector is read one or more bytes will change, the value
3381       may be random between consecutive reads of the same sector.   Two  disk
3382       image formats (Extended DSK and UDI) can store this type of data.  Fuse
3383       can read and use weak sector data from EDSK and UDI files when present,
3384       and can save back weak sector data to UDI image format.
3385

MOVIE RECORDING

3387       Fuse  can save movies with sound in a specific file format (FMF).  This
3388       recording is very fast, and has a moderate size, but you  need  to  use
3389       the  fmfconv(1)  program in fuse-utils(1) to convert into regular video
3390       and/or audio files.  The --movie-compr option allows  you  to  set  the
3391       compression  level  to None, Lossless or High. If zlib(3) is not avail‐
3392       able, only None is valid. The default when Zlib is available  is  Loss‐
3393       less.   Recording  a  movie  may slow down emulation, if you experience
3394       performance problems, you can try to set compression to None.
3395
3396       Fuse records every displayed frame, so by default the recorded file has
3397       about  50  video  frame  per second. A standard video has about 24–30/s
3398       framerate, so if you set Options/General/Frame rate 1:n or the  equiva‐
3399       lent  --rate command line option to 2 than recording frame rate reduces
3400       about 25/s. The exact frame rate depends on  the  Z80  clock  frequency
3401       which varies depending on the specific emulated machine.
3402
3403       Note:  You can see all of the “gfx” effects only if the Fuse frame rate
3404       option is set to 1, but in most cases you can safely use 2. Also, movie
3405       recording stops if the emulated machine is changed.
3406
3407       The  recorded  sound sampling rate and the channel number is equal with
3408       the Fuse generated sound sampling rate (32000 Hz by default) and  chan‐
3409       nel  number (mono by default). The common sampling frequencies in stan‐
3410       dard video files are 44100 Hz and 48000 Hz.  If  you  use  --sound-freq
3411       command line option you can record sound on 44100 Hz or even 48000 Hz.
3412
3413       You  can  record  stereo  sound  if you use AY stereo separation or the
3414       equivalent --separation command line switch.
3415
3416       You can use fmfconv(1) to convert recorded movie file into  a  standard
3417       video file.
3418
3419       Examples
3420
3421       fuse  --movie-start output.fmf --rate 2 --sound-freq 44100 --separation
3422       ACB
3423
3424       start video recording about 25/s video frame rate and 44100 Hz sampling
3425       frequency stereo sound default compression level.
3426

COMPRESSED FILES

3428       Assuming  the  appropriate libraries were available when libspectrum(3)
3429       was compiled, snapshots, tape images, dock cartridges and input record‐
3430       ing  files  (RZX)  can  be  read  from  files compressed with bzip2(3),
3431       gzip(3) or zip(3) just as if they were uncompressed. In the  zip  case,
3432       only  the  first  supported  file  found  inside the archive is loaded.
3433       There is currently no support for reading compressed +3, DISCiPLE/+D or
3434       Beta disk images.
3435

BUGS

3437       Selecting  a  startup filter doesn't work properly with user interfaces
3438       other than SDL, Win32 and GTK+.
3439
3440       Changing virtual consoles  when  using  SVGAlib  for  joystick  support
3441       causes  Fuse  to  exit.  If  this  is  a problem, compile Fuse with the
3442       `--disable-ui-joystick' option.
3443
3444       The poke finder can't search outside `normal' RAM.
3445
3446       The libao file output devices not work properly with the GTK+  UI.   No
3447       error  reporting, but the created file does not contain any sound data.
3448       If you use a `weak' machine alsa09 makes a lot of clicks and  pops  and
3449       will output `ALSA: underrun, at least 0ms.'  error messages.
3450

FILES

3452       ~/.fuserc
3453

SEE ALSO

3455       bzip2(3),    fmfconv(1),    fuse-utils(1),   gzip(3),   libspectrum(3),
3456       ogg123(1), xspect(1), xzx(1), zip(3).
3457
3458       The comp.sys.sinclair Spectrum FAQ, at
3459       http://www.worldofspectrum.org/faq/index.html.
3460

AUTHOR

3462       Philip Kendall (philip-fuse@shadowmagic.org.uk).
3463
3464       Matan Ziv-Av wrote the SVGAlib and framebuffer UIs, the  glib  replace‐
3465       ment  code,  and  did  some work on the OSS-specific sound code and the
3466       original widget UI code.
3467
3468       Russell Marks wrote the sound emulation and  OSS-specific  sound  code,
3469       the joystick emulation, some of the printer code, and the original ver‐
3470       sion of this man page.
3471
3472       John Elliott's lib765 and libdsk libraries were used for  the  original
3473       +3 disk and disk image support.
3474
3475       Ian Collier wrote the ZX Printer emulation (for xz80).
3476
3477       Darren  Salt  wrote the original versions of the code for +3 emulation,
3478       SLT support, MITSHM support (for the Xlib UI), TZX raw data blocks, RZX
3479       embedded  snapshots  and  compression, the Kempston mouse emulation and
3480       made many improvements to the widget code.
3481
3482       Alexander Yurchenko wrote the OpenBSD/Solaris-specific sound code.
3483
3484       Fredrick Meunier wrote the TC2048, TS2068,  Pentagon  and  Spectrum  SE
3485       support, the CoreAudio sound code, as well as maintaining the OS X port
3486       and importing the graphics filter code.
3487
3488       Ludvig Strigeus and The ScummVM project  wrote  the  original  graphics
3489       filter code.
3490
3491       Dmitry  Sanarin  wrote  the original Beta disk interface emulation (for
3492       Glukalka).
3493
3494       Witold Filipczyk wrote the TC2068 support.
3495
3496       Matthew Westcott wrote the AY logging code and the DivIDE emulation.
3497
3498       Marek Januszewski wrote various bits of code to make  Fuse  work  under
3499       Win32, including the DirectDraw user interface.
3500
3501       Sergio Baldoví made many improvements to the Win32 UI.
3502
3503       Stuart  Brady  wrote  the DISCiPLE and +D emulation, Scorpion emulation
3504       and the HP-UX sound code.
3505
3506       Garry Lancaster wrote the 8-bit IDE, ZXATASP and ZXCF interface  emula‐
3507       tions.
3508
3509       Gergely  Szasz  wrote  the Interface 1, Microdrive emulation and Didak‐
3510       tik 80 emulation, the PAL TV scalers, the TV 3x scaler, the movie  log‐
3511       ging  code,  the  ALSA and libao sound code, the µPD765 disk controller
3512       used in the +3 and made many improvements to the widget code.
3513
3514       Michael D Wynne wrote the original Opus disk interface  emulation  (for
3515       EightyOne).
3516
3517       Patrik Persson wrote the SpeccyBoot emulation.
3518
3519
3520
3521Version 1.5.4                   3rd June, 2018                         fuse(1)
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