1PSMECA(1) GMT PSMECA(1)
2
6 psmeca - Plot focal mechanisms on maps
7
9 psmeca [ table ] -Jparameters -Rregion [ -B[p|s]parameters ] [
10 -C[pen][Ppointsize] ] [ -Ddepmin/depmax ] [ -Efill] [ -Fmode[args] ]
11 [ -Gfill] [ -K ] [ -L[pen] ] [ -M ] [ -N ] [ -O ] [ -P ] [
12 -S<format><scale>[/d]] [ -Tnum_of_plane[pen] ] [ -U[stamp] ] [
13 -V[level] ] [ -Wpen ] [ -Xx_offset ] [ -Yy_offset ] [ -Zcpt] [
14 -dinodata ] [ -eregexp ] [ -hheaders ] [ -iflags ] [ -ttransp ] [
15 -:[i|o] ]
16 Note: No space is allowed between the option flag and the associated
18 arguments.
19
21 psmeca reads data values from files [or standard input] and generates
22 PostScript code that will plot focal mechanisms on a map. Most options
23 are the same as for psxy. The PostScript code is written to standard
24 output.
25
27 table One or more ASCII (or binary, see -bi[ncols][type]) data table
28 file(s) holding a number of data columns. If no tables are given
29 then we read from standard input.
30 -Jparameters (more ...)
32 Select map projection.
33 -Rwest/east/south/north[/zmin/zmax][+r][+uunit]
35 west, east, south, and north specify the region of interest, and
36 you may specify them in decimal degrees or in
37 [±]dd:mm[:ss.xxx][W|E|S|N] format Append +r if lower left and
38 upper right map coordinates are given instead of w/e/s/n. The
39 two shorthands -Rg and -Rd stand for global domain (0/360 and
40 -180/+180 in longitude respectively, with -90/+90 in latitude).
41 Alternatively for grid creation, give Rcodelon/lat/nx/ny, where
42 code is a 2-character combination of L, C, R (for left, center,
43 or right) and T, M, B for top, middle, or bottom. e.g., BL for
44 lower left. This indicates which point on a rectangular region
45 the lon/lat coordinate refers to, and the grid dimensions nx and
46 ny with grid spacings via -I is used to create the corresponding
47 region. Alternatively, specify the name of an existing grid
48 file and the -R settings (and grid spacing, if applicable) are
49 copied from the grid. Appending +uunit expects projected (Carte‐
50 sian) coordinates compatible with chosen -J and we inversely
51 project to determine actual rectangular geographic region. For
52 perspective view (-p), optionally append /zmin/zmax. In case of
53 perspective view (-p), a z-range (zmin, zmax) can be appended to
54 indicate the third dimension. This needs to be done only when
55 using the -Jz option, not when using only the -p option. In the
56 latter case a perspective view of the plane is plotted, with no
57 third dimension.
58 -S<format><scale>[/d]
60 Selects the meaning of the columns in the data file . In order to use
62 the same file to plot cross-sections, depth is in third column. Never‐
63 theless, it is possible to use "old style" psvelomeca input files with‐
64 out depth in third column using the -o option.
65 -Sascale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
67 Focal mechanisms in Aki and Richards convention. scale adjusts the
69 scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be proportional
70 to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5 in inch (unless
71 c, i, or p is appended). Use the -T option to render the beach ball
72 transparent by drawing only the nodal planes and the circumference. The
73 color or shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified with the
74 -G option. The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be speci‐
75 fied with the -E option. Append u to have the text appear below the
76 beach ball (default is above). Parameters are expected to be in the
77 following columns:
78 1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order) 3:
79 depth of event in kilometers 4,5,6: strike, dip and rake in degrees
80 7: magnitude 8,9: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball.
81 Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using 0,0
82 in columns 8 and 9 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, lati‐
83 tude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
84 order of columns (1,2) and (8,9). 10: Text string to appear above
85 or below the beach ball (optional).
86 -Scscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
88 Focal mechanisms in Harvard CMT convention. scale adjusts the scaling
90 of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the
91 magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is M0 = 4.0E23
92 dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i, or p is appended). Use the -T option
93 to render the beach ball transparent by drawing only the nodal planes
94 and the circumference. The color or shade of the compressive quadrants
95 can be specified with the -G option. The color or shade of the exten‐
96 sive quadrants can be specified with the -E option. Append u to have
97 the text appear below the beach ball (default is above). Parameters are
98 expected to be in the following columns:
99 1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order) 3:
100 depth of event in kilometers 4,5,6: strike, dip, and rake of plane 1
101 7,8,9: strike, dip, and rake of plane 2 10,11: mantissa and exponent
102 of moment in dyne-cm 12,13: longitude, latitude at which to place
103 beach ball. Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C
104 option. Using (0,0) in columns 12 and 13 will plot the beach ball at
105 the longitude, latitude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will
106 interchange the order of columns (1,2) and (12,13). 14: Text string
107 to appear above or below the beach ball (optional).
108 -Sm|d|zscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
110 Seismic moment tensor (Harvard CMT, with zero trace). scale adjusts the
112 scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be proportional
113 to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is scalar
114 seismic moment = 4.0E23 dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i, m, or p is
115 appended). (-T0 option overlays best double couple transparently.) Use
116 -Sm to plot the Harvard CMT seismic moment tensor with zero trace. Use
117 -Sd to plot only the double couple part of moment tensor. Use -Sz to
118 plot the anisotropic part of moment tensor (zero trace). The color or
119 shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified with the -G option.
120 The color or shade of the extensive quadrants can be specified with the
121 -E option. Append u to have the text appear below the beach ball
122 (default is above). Parameters are expected to be in the following col‐
123 umns:
124 1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order) 3:
125 depth of event in kilometers 4,5,6,7,8,9: mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf,
126 mtf in 10*exponent dynes-cm 10: exponent 11,12: longitude, latitude
127 at which to place beach ball. Entries in these columns are necessary
128 with the -C option. Using (0,0) in columns 11 and 12 will plot the
129 beach ball at the longitude, latitude given in columns 1 and 2. The
130 -: option will interchange the order of columns (1,2) and (11,12).
131 13: Text string to appear above or below the beach ball (optional).
132 -Spscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
134 Focal mechanisms given with partial data on both planes. scale adjusts
136 the scaling of the radius of the "beach ball", which will be propor‐
137 tional to the magnitude. Scale is the size for magnitude = 5 in inch
138 (unless c, i, or p is appended). The color or shade of the compressive
139 quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color or shade of
140 the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option. Append u
141 to have the text appear below the beach ball (default is above). Param‐
142 eters are expected to be in the following columns:
143 1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order) 3:
144 depth of event in kilometers 4,5: strike, dip of plane 1 6: strike
145 of plane 2 7: must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault 8: magnitude
146 9,10: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball. Entries in
147 these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using (0,0) in col‐
148 umns 9 and 10 will plot the beach ball at the longitude, latitude
149 given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the order
150 of columns (1,2) and (9,10). 11: Text string to appear above or
151 below the beach ball (optional).
152 -Sx|y|tscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
154 Principal axis. scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of the "beach
156 ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude. Scale is the size
157 for magnitude = 5 (that is seismic scalar moment = 4*10e+23 dynes-cm)
158 in inch (unless c, i, or p is appended). (-T0 option overlays best dou‐
159 ble couple transparently.) Use -Sx to plot standard Harvard CMT. Use
160 -Sy to plot only the double couple part of moment tensor. Use -St to
161 plot zero trace moment tensor. The color or shade of the compressive
162 quadrants can be specified with the -G option. The color or shade of
163 the extensive quadrants can be specified with the -E option. Append u
164 to have the text appear below the beach ball (default is above). Param‐
165 eters are expected to be in the following columns:
166 1,2: longitude, latitude of event (-: option interchanges order) 3:
167 depth of event in kilometers 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12: value (in
168 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of T, N, P axis. 13: expo‐
169 nent 14,15: longitude, latitude at which to place beach ball.
170 Entries in these columns are necessary with the -C option. Using
171 (0,0) in columns 14 and 15 will plot the beach ball at the longi‐
172 tude, latitude given in columns 1 and 2. The -: option will inter‐
173 change the order of columns (1,2) and (14,15). 16: Text string to
174 appear above or below the beach ball (optional).
175
177 -B[p|s]parameters (more ...)
178 Set map boundary frame and axes attributes.
179 -C[pen][Ppointsize]
181 Offsets focal mechanisms to the longitude, latitude specified in
182 the last two columns of the input file before the (optional)
183 text string. A small circle is plotted at the initial location
184 and a line connects the beachball to the circle. Specify pen
185 and/or pointsize to change the line style and/or size of the
186 circle. [Defaults: pen as given by -W; pointsize 0].
187 -Ddepmin/depmax
189 Plots events between depmin and depmax.
190 -Efill Selects filling of extensive quadrants. Usually white. Set the
192 color [Default is white].
193 -Fmode[args]
195 Sets one or more attributes; repeatable. The various combina‐
196 tions are
197 -Fa[size][/P_axis_symbol[T_axis_symbol]]
199 Computes and plots P and T axes with symbols. Optionally specify
200 size and (separate) P and T axis symbols from the following: (c)
201 circle, (d) diamond, (h) hexagon, (i) inverse triangle, (p)
202 point, (s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross. [Default: 6p/cc]
203 -Fefill
205 Sets the color or fill pattern for the T axis symbol. [Default
206 as set by -E]
207 -Fgfill
209 Sets the color or fill pattern for the P axis symbol. [Default
210 as set by -G]
211 -Fo Use the psvelomeca input format without depth in the third col‐
213 umn.
214 -Fp[pen]
216 Draws the P axis outline using default pen (see -W), or sets pen
217 attributes.
218 -Fr[fill]
220 Draw a box behind the label (if any). [Default fill is white]
221 -Ft[pen]
223 Draws the T axis outline using default pen (see -W), or sets pen
224 attributes.
225 -Fz[pen]
227 Overlay zero trace moment tensor using default pen (see -W), or
228 sets pen attributes.
229 -Gfill Selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention, the compres‐
231 sional quadrants of the focal mechanism beach balls are shaded.
232 Set the color [Default is black].
233 -K (more ...)
235 Do not finalize the PostScript plot.
236 -Lpen Draws the "beach ball" outline with pen attributes instead of
238 with the default pen set by -W.
239 -M Use the same size for any magnitude. Size is given with -S.
241 -N Does not skip symbols that fall outside frame boundary specified
243 by -R [Default plots symbols inside frame only].
244 -O (more ...)
246 Append to existing PostScript plot.
247 -P (more ...)
249 Select "Portrait" plot orientation.
250 -T[num_of_planes][/pen]
252 Plots the nodal planes and outlines the bubble which is trans‐
253 parent. If num_of_planes is
254 0: both nodal planes are plotted;
256 1: only the first nodal plane is plotted;
258 2: only the second nodal plane is plotted.
260 Append /pen to set the pen attributes for this feature. Default
262 pen is as set by -W.
263 -U[[just]/dx/dy/][c|label] (more ...)
265 Draw GMT time stamp logo on plot.
266 -V[level] (more ...)
268 Select verbosity level [c].
269 -Wpen Set pen attributes for all lines and the outline of symbols
271 [Defaults: width = default, color = black, style = solid]. This
272 setting applies to -C, -L, -T, -p, -t, and -Fz, unless overruled
273 by options to those arguments.
274 -X[a|c|f|r][x-shift[u]]
276 -Y[a|c|f|r][y-shift[u]] (more ...)
278 Shift plot origin.
279 -Zcpt Give a CPT and let compressive part color be determined by the
281 z-value in the third column.
282 -dinodata (more ...)
284 Replace input columns that equal nodata with NaN.
285 -e[~]"pattern" | -e[~]/regexp/[i] (more ...)
287 Only accept data records that match the given pattern.
288 -h[i|o][n][+c][+d][+rremark][+rtitle] (more ...)
290 Skip or produce header record(s).
291 -icols[+l][+sscale][+ooffset][,...] (more ...)
293 Select input columns and transformations (0 is first column).
294 -t[transp] (more ...)
296 Set PDF transparency level in percent.
297 -:[i|o] (more ...)
299 Swap 1st and 2nd column on input and/or output.
300 -^ or just -
302 Print a short message about the syntax of the command, then
303 exits (NOTE: on Windows just use -).
304 -+ or just +
306 Print an extensive usage (help) message, including the explana‐
307 tion of any module-specific option (but not the GMT common
308 options), then exits.
309 -? or no arguments
311 Print a complete usage (help) message, including the explanation
312 of all options, then exits.
313
315 The following file should give a normal-faulting CMT mechanism:
316 gmt psmeca -R239/240/34/35.2 -Jm4c -Sc0.4 -h1 << END > test.ps
318 lon lat depth str dip slip st dip slip mant exp plon plat
319 239.384 34.556 12. 180 18 -88 0 72 -90 5.5 0 0 0
320 END
321
323 pspolar, psvelo, pscoupe, gmt, psbasemap, psxy
324
326 Bomford, G., Geodesy, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, 1980.
327 Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, Freeman, 1980.
329 F. A. Dahlen and Jeroen Tromp, Theoretical Seismology, Princeton, 1998,
331 p.167.
332 Cliff Frohlich, Cliff's Nodes Concerning Plotting Nodal Lines for P, Sh
334 and Sv
335 Seismological Research Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, January-February,
337 1996
338 Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace, Modern Global Seismology, Academic Press,
340 1995, p.384.
341 W.H. Press, S.A. Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flannery, Numerical
343 Recipes in C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)
344
346 Genevieve Patau, Laboratory of Seismogenesis
347 <http://www.ipgp.fr/rech/sismogenese/>, Institut de Physique du Globe
348 de Paris, Departement de Sismologie, Paris, France
349
351 2019, P. Wessel, W. H. F. Smith, R. Scharroo, J. Luis, and F. Wobbe
3525.4.5 Feb 24, 2019 PSMECA(1)