1full_index(1)                 Grass User's Manual                full_index(1)
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GRASS GIS 7.6.0 Reference Manual

6       Geographic  Resources  Analysis Support System, commonly referred to as
7       GRASS, is a Geographic Information System  (GIS)  used  for  geospatial
8       data  management  and analysis, image processing, graphics/maps produc‐
9       tion, spatial modeling, and visualization. GRASS is currently  used  in
10       academic  and  commercial settings around the world, as well as by many
11       governmental agencies and environmental consulting companies.
12
13       This reference manual details the use of modules distributed with  Geo‐
14       graphic  Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS), an open source (GNU
15       GPLed), image processing and geographic information system  (GIS).   Go
16       back to help overview
17
18   Display commands (d.*)
19       d.barscale                                                   Displays a barscale on the graphics monitor.
20
21       d.colorlist                                                  Outputs a list of all available display colors.
22
23       d.colortable                                                 Displays the color table associated with a raster map layer.
24
25       d.correlate                                                  Prints  a  graph  of the correlation between raster maps (in
26                                                                    pairs).
27
28       d.erase                                                      Erases the contents of the  active  graphics  display  frame
29                                                                    with user defined color.
30
31       d.font                                                       Selects  the  font  in  which  text will be displayed on the
32                                                                    user’s graphics monitor.
33
34       d.fontlist                                                   Lists the available fonts.
35
36       d.frame                                                      Manages display frames on the user’s graphics monitor.
37
38       d.geodesic                                                   Displays a geodesic  line,  tracing  the  shortest  distance
39                                                                    between  two  geographic  points  along a great circle, in a
40                                                                    longitude/latitude data set.
41
42       d.graph                                                      Program for generating and displaying simple graphics on the
43                                                                    display monitor.
44
45       d.grid                                                       Overlays  a  user-specified grid in the active display frame
46                                                                    on the graphics monitor.
47
48       d.his                                                        Displays the result obtained by  combining  hue,  intensity,
49                                                                    and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster
50                                                                    map layers.
51
52       d.histogram                                                  Displays a histogram in the form of a pie or bar chart for a
53                                                                    user-specified raster map.
54
55       d.info                                                       Displays information about the active display monitor.
56
57       d.labels                                                     Displays  text  labels  (created with v.label) to the active
58                                                                    frame on the graphics monitor.
59
60       d.legend                                                     Displays a legend for a 2D or 3D raster map  in  the  active
61                                                                    frame of the graphics monitor.
62
63       d.legend.vect                                                Displays a vector legend in the active graphics frame.
64
65
66
67
68       d.linegraph                                                  Generates  and  displays  simple  line  graphs in the active
69                                                                    graphics monitor display frame.
70
71       d.mon                                                        Controls graphics display monitors from the command line.
72
73       d.northarrow                                                 Displays a north arrow on the graphics monitor.
74
75       d.out.file                                                   Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a graph‐
76                                                                    ics file.
77
78       d.path                                                       Finds shortest path for selected starting and ending node.
79
80       d.polar                                                      Draws  polar  diagram  of  angle  map such as aspect or flow
81                                                                    directions
82
83       d.profile                                                    Plots profile of a transect.
84
85       d.rast.arrow                                                 Draws arrows representing cell aspect direction for a raster
86                                                                    map containing aspect data.
87
88       d.rast.edit                                                  Edits cell values in a raster map.
89
90       d.rast                                                       Displays  user-specified  raster  map in the active graphics
91                                                                    frame.
92
93       d.rast.leg                                                   Displays a raster map and its legend on a graphics window
94
95       d.rast.num                                                   Overlays cell category values on a raster map  displayed  in
96                                                                    the active graphics frame.
97
98       d.redraw                                                     Redraws the content of currently selected monitor.
99
100       d.rgb                                                        Displays three user-specified raster maps as red, green, and
101                                                                    blue overlays in the active graphics frame.
102
103       d.rhumbline                                                  Displays the rhumbline joining two longitude/latitude  coor‐
104                                                                    dinates.
105
106       d.shade                                                      Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
107
108       d.text                                                       Draws text in the active display frame on the graphics moni‐
109                                                                    tor using the current font.
110
111       d.title                                                      Create a TITLE for a raster map in a form suitable for  dis‐
112                                                                    play with d.text.
113
114       d.to.rast                                                    Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a raster
115                                                                    map.
116
117       d.vect.chart                                                 Displays charts of vector data in the active  frame  on  the
118                                                                    graphics monitor.
119
120       d.vect                                                       Displays  user-specified  vector  map in the active graphics
121                                                                    frame.
122
123       d.vect.thematic                                              Displays a thematic vector map in the active graphics frame.
124
125       d.what.rast                                                  Allows the user to interactively query raster map layers  at
126                                                                    user-selected locations.
127
128       d.what.vect                                                  Allows  the user to interactively query vector map layers at
129                                                                    user-selected locations.
130
131
132
133
134       d.where                                                      Identifies the geographic coordinates associated with  point
135                                                                    locations given in display coordinates.
136
137
138   Database commands (db.*)
139       db.columns                                                   List all columns for a given table.
140
141       db.connect                                                   Prints/sets general DB connection for current mapset.
142
143       db.copy                                                      Copy a table.
144
145       db.createdb                                                  Creates an empty database.
146
147       db.databases                                                 Lists all databases for a given driver and location.
148
149       db.describe                                                  Describes a table in detail.
150
151       db.drivers                                                   Lists all database drivers.
152
153       db.dropcolumn                                                Drops a column from selected attribute table.
154
155       db.dropdb                                                    Removes an existing database.
156
157       db.droptable                                                 Drops an attribute table.
158
159       db.execute                                                   Executes any SQL statement.
160
161       db.in.ogr                                                    Imports attribute tables in various formats.
162
163       db.login                                                     Sets user/password for DB driver/database.
164
165       db.out.ogr                                                   Exports attribute tables into various formats.
166
167       db.select                                                    Selects data from attribute table.
168
169       db.tables                                                    Lists all tables for a given database.
170
171       db.test                                                      Test database driver, database must exist and set by db.con‐
172                                                                    nect.
173
174       db.univar                                                    Calculates univariate statistics on selected table column.
175
176
177   General commands (g.*)
178       g.access                                                     Controls access to the current mapset for other users on the
179                                                                    system.
180
181       g.cairocomp                                                  Overlays multiple X Pixmaps.
182
183       g.copy                                                       Copies  available  data  files  in the current mapset search
184                                                                    path to the user’s current mapset.
185
186       g.dirseps                                                    Internal GRASS utility for  converting  directory  separator
187                                                                    characters.
188
189       g.extension.all                                              Rebuilds  or  removes  all  locally  installed  GRASS Addons
190                                                                    extensions.
191
192       g.extension                                                  Maintains GRASS Addons extensions in local  GRASS  installa‐
193                                                                    tion.
194
195       g.filename                                                   Prints GRASS data base file names.
196
197       g.findetc                                                    Searches for GRASS support files.
198
199
200       g.findfile                                                   Searches  for  GRASS  data base files and sets variables for
201                                                                    the shell.
202
203       g.gisenv                                                     Outputs and modifies the user’s current GRASS variable  set‐
204                                                                    tings.
205
206       g.gui.animation                                              Tool  for  animating a series of raster and vector maps or a
207                                                                    space time raster or vector dataset.
208
209       g.gui.datacatalog                                            Tool for browsing, modifying and managing GRASS maps.
210
211       g.gui.dbmgr                                                  Launches graphical attribute table manager.
212
213       g.gui.gcp                                                    Georectifies  a  map  and  allows  managing  Ground  Control
214                                                                    Points.
215
216       g.gui.gmodeler                                               Graphical Modeler.
217
218       g.gui                                                        Launches a GRASS graphical user interface (GUI) session.
219
220       g.gui.iclass                                                 Tool for supervised classification of imagery data.
221
222       g.gui.image2target                                           Georectifies a map and allows managing Ground Control Points
223                                                                    for 3D correction.
224
225       g.gui.mapswipe                                               Interactively compares two maps by swiping a visibility bar.
226
227       g.gui.photo2image                                            Corrects scanning distortions of a paper photo.
228
229       g.gui.psmap                                                  Tool for creating hardcopy map outputs.
230
231       g.gui.rlisetup                                               Configuration tool for r.li modules.
232
233       g.gui.timeline                                               Allows comparing temporal datasets by displaying their  tem‐
234                                                                    poral extents in a plot.
235
236       g.gui.tplot                                                  Plots the values of temporal datasets.
237
238       g.gui.vdigit                                                 Interactive editing and digitization of vector maps.
239
240       g.list                                                       Lists  available GRASS data base files of the user-specified
241                                                                    data type optionally using the search pattern.
242
243       g.manual                                                     Displays the manual pages of GRASS modules.
244
245       g.mapset                                                     Changes/reports current mapset.
246
247       g.mapsets                                                    Modifies/prints the user’s current mapset search path.
248
249       g.message                                                    Prints a message, warning, progress info, or fatal error  in
250                                                                    the GRASS way.
251
252       g.mkfontcap                                                  Generates  the  font  configuration file by scanning various
253                                                                    directories for fonts.
254
255       g.parser                                                     Provides automated parser, GUI, and help support  for  GRASS
256                                                                    scipts.
257
258       g.pnmcomp                                                    Overlays multiple PPM image files.
259
260       g.ppmtopng                                                   Converts between PPM/PGM and PNG image formats.
261
262       g.proj                                                       Prints  or  modifies  GRASS projection information files (in
263                                                                    various co-ordinate system descriptions).
264
265
266       g.region                                                     Manages the boundary definitions for the geographic region.
267
268       g.remove                                                     Removes data base element  files  from  the  user’s  current
269                                                                    mapset using the search pattern.
270
271       g.rename                                                     Renames  data  base  element  files  in  the  user’s current
272                                                                    mapset.
273
274       g.search.modules                                             Search in GRASS modules using keywords
275
276       g.tempfile                                                   Creates a temporary file and prints it’s file name.
277
278       g.version                                                    Displays GRASS GIS version info.
279
280
281   Imagery commands (i.*)
282       i.albedo                                                     Computes broad band albedo from surface reflectance.
283
284       i.aster.toar                                                 Calculates Top of Atmosphere Radiance/Reflectance/Brightness
285                                                                    Temperature from ASTER DN.
286
287       i.atcorr                                                     Performs atmospheric correction using the 6S algorithm.
288
289       i.biomass                                                    Computes  biomass  growth,  precursor of crop yield calcula‐
290                                                                    tion.
291
292       i.cca                                                        Canonical components analysis (CCA) program for  image  pro‐
293                                                                    cessing.
294
295       i.cluster                                                    Generates  spectral  signatures  for  land cover types in an
296                                                                    image using a clustering algorithm.
297
298       i.colors.enhance                                             Performs auto-balancing of colors for RGB images.
299
300       i.eb.eta                                                     Actual evapotranspiration for diurnal period  (Bastiaanssen,
301                                                                    1995).
302
303       i.eb.evapfr                                                  Computes evaporative fraction and root zone soil moisture.
304
305       i.eb.hsebal01                                                Computes sensible heat flux iteration SEBAL 01.
306
307       i.eb.netrad                                                  Net radiation approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
308
309       i.eb.soilheatflux                                            Soil heat flux approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
310
311       i.emissivity                                                 Computes  emissivity  from  NDVI,  generic method for sparse
312                                                                    land.
313
314       i.evapo.mh                                                   Computes evapotranspiration calculation modified or original
315                                                                    Hargreaves formulation, 2001.
316
317       i.evapo.pm                                                   Computes   potential   evapotranspiration  calculation  with
318                                                                    hourly Penman-Monteith.
319
320       i.evapo.pt                                                   Computes evapotranspiration calculation Priestley and Taylor
321                                                                    formulation, 1972.
322
323       i.evapo.time                                                 Computes  temporal  integration of satellite ET actual (ETa)
324                                                                    following the daily ET reference (ETo)  from  meteorological
325                                                                    station(s).
326
327       i.fft                                                        Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for image processing.
328
329       i.gensig                                                     Generates statistics for i.maxlik from raster map.
330
331
332       i.gensigset                                                  Generates statistics for i.smap from raster map.
333
334       i.group                                                      Creates, edits, and lists groups of imagery data.
335
336       i.his.rgb                                                    Transforms  raster  maps from HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation)
337                                                                    color space to RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space.
338
339       i.ifft                                                       Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) for image processing.
340
341       i.image.mosaic                                               Mosaics several images and extends colormap.
342
343       i.in.spotvgt                                                 Imports SPOT VGT NDVI data into a raster map.
344
345       i.landsat.acca                                               Performs Landsat TM/ETM+ Automatic  Cloud  Cover  Assessment
346                                                                    (ACCA).
347
348       i.landsat.toar                                               Calculates  top-of-atmosphere  radiance  or  reflectance and
349                                                                    temperature for Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI
350
351       i.maxlik                                                     Classifies the cell spectral reflectances in imagery data.
352
353       i.modis.qc                                                   Extracts quality control parameters from MODIS QC layers.
354
355       i.oif                                                        Calculates Optimum-Index-Factor table for spectral bands
356
357       i.ortho.camera                                               Select and modify the imagery group camera reference file.
358
359       i.ortho.elev                                                 Select or modify the target elevation model.
360
361       i.ortho.init                                                 Interactively creates or modifies entries in a  camera  ini‐
362                                                                    tial exposure station file for imagery group referenced by a
363                                                                    sub-block.
364
365       i.ortho.photo                                                Menu driver for the photo imagery programs.
366
367       i.ortho.rectify                                              Orthorectifies an image by using the image to photo  coordi‐
368                                                                    nate transformation matrix.
369
370       i.ortho.target                                               Select or modify the imagery group target.
371
372       i.ortho.transform                                            Computes  a  coordinate  transformation based on the control
373                                                                    points.
374
375       i.pansharpen                                                 Image  fusion  algorithms  to  sharpen  multispectral   with
376                                                                    high-res panchromatic channels
377
378       i.pca                                                        Principal components analysis (PCA) for image processing.
379
380       i.rectify                                                    Rectifies  an image by computing a coordinate transformation
381                                                                    for each pixel in the image based on the control points.
382
383       i.rgb.his                                                    Transforms raster maps from RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space
384                                                                    to HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space.
385
386       i.segment                                                    Identifies segments (objects) from imagery data.
387
388       i.smap                                                       Performs  contextual  image  classification using sequential
389                                                                    maximum a posteriori (SMAP) estimation.
390
391       i.spectral                                                   Displays spectral response at user  specified  locations  in
392                                                                    group or images.
393
394       i.target                                                     Targets an imagery group to a GRASS location and mapset.
395
396
397
398       i.tasscap                                                    Performs Tasseled Cap (Kauth Thomas) transformation.
399
400       i.topo.corr                                                  Computes topographic correction of reflectance.
401
402       i.vi                                                         Calculates different types of vegetation indices.
403
404       i.zc                                                         Zero-crossing  "edge  detection"  raster  function for image
405                                                                    processing.
406
407
408   Miscellaneous commands (m.*)
409       m.cogo                                                       A simple utility for converting bearing  and  distance  mea‐
410                                                                    surements to coordinates and vice versa.
411
412       m.measure                                                    Measures the lengths and areas of features.
413
414       m.nviz.image                                                 Creates a 3D rendering of GIS data.
415
416       m.nviz.script                                                Creates fly-through script to run in NVIZ.
417
418       m.proj                                                       Converts  coordinates  from one projection to another (cs2cs
419                                                                    frontend).
420
421       m.transform                                                  Computes a coordinate transformation based  on  the  control
422                                                                    points.
423
424
425   PostScript commands (ps.*)
426       ps.map                                                       Produces hardcopy PostScript map output.
427
428
429   Raster commands (r.*)
430       r.basins.fill                                                Generates watershed subbasins raster map.
431
432       r.blend                                                      Blends color components of two raster maps by a given ratio.
433
434       r.buffer                                                     Creates  a raster map showing buffer zones surrounding cells
435                                                                    that contain non-NULL category values.
436
437       r.buffer.lowmem                                              Creates a raster map showing buffer zones surrounding  cells
438                                                                    that contain non-NULL category values.
439
440       r.buildvrt                                                   Build  a  VRT (Virtual Raster) from the list of input raster
441                                                                    maps.
442
443       r.carve                                                      Generates stream channels.
444
445       r.category                                                   Manages  category  values   and   labels   associated   with
446                                                                    user-specified raster map layers.
447
448       r.circle                                                     Creates  a  raster  map containing concentric rings around a
449                                                                    given point.
450
451       r.clump                                                      Recategorizes data in a raster map by  grouping  cells  that
452                                                                    form physically discrete areas into unique categories.
453
454       r.coin                                                       Tabulates  the mutual occurrence (coincidence) of categories
455                                                                    for two raster map layers.
456
457       r.colors                                                     Creates/modifies the color table associated  with  a  raster
458                                                                    map.
459
460       r.colors.out                                                 Exports the color table associated with a raster map.
461
462
463
464       r.colors.stddev                                              Sets  color  rules  based on stddev from a raster map’s mean
465                                                                    value.
466
467       r.composite                                                  Combines red, green and blue raster maps into a single  com‐
468                                                                    posite raster map.
469
470       r.compress                                                   Compresses and decompresses raster maps.
471
472       r.contour                                                    Produces  a  vector  map of specified contours from a raster
473                                                                    map.
474
475       r.cost                                                       Creates a raster map showing the cumulative cost  of  moving
476                                                                    between  different  geographic  locations on an input raster
477                                                                    map whose cell category values represent cost.
478
479       r.covar                                                      Outputs a covariance/correlation matrix  for  user-specified
480                                                                    raster map layer(s).
481
482       r.cross                                                      Creates a cross product of the category values from multiple
483                                                                    raster map layers.
484
485       r.describe                                                   Prints terse list of category values found in a  raster  map
486                                                                    layer.
487
488       r.distance                                                   Locates  the  closest  points  between objects in two raster
489                                                                    maps.
490
491       r.drain                                                      Traces a flow through an elevation model or cost surface  on
492                                                                    a raster map.
493
494       r.external                                                   Links  GDAL  supported  raster data as a pseudo GRASS raster
495                                                                    map.
496
497       r.external.out                                               Redirects raster  output  to  file  utilizing  GDAL  library
498                                                                    rather than storing in GRASS raster format.
499
500       r.fill.dir                                                   Filters  and  generates a depressionless elevation map and a
501                                                                    flow direction map from a given elevation raster map.
502
503       r.fill.stats                                                 Rapidly fills ’no data’ cells (NULLs) of a raster  map  with
504                                                                    interpolated values (IDW).
505
506       r.fillnulls                                                  Fills  no-data  areas in raster maps using spline interpola‐
507                                                                    tion.
508
509       r.flow                                                       Constructs flowlines.
510
511       r.geomorphon                                                 Calculates geomorphons (terrain forms) and associated geome‐
512                                                                    try using machine vision approach.
513
514       r.grow.distance                                              Generates  a  raster  map  containing  distances  to nearest
515                                                                    raster features.
516
517       r.grow                                                       Generates a raster map layer with contiguous areas grown  by
518                                                                    one cell.
519
520       r.gwflow                                                     Numerical  calculation  program  for transient, confined and
521                                                                    unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions.
522
523       r.his                                                        Generates red, green and blue (RGB) raster map  layers  com‐
524                                                                    bining  hue,  intensity  and  saturation  (HIS)  values from
525                                                                    user-specified input raster map layers.
526
527
528
529
530       r.horizon                                                    Computes horizon  angle  height  from  a  digital  elevation
531                                                                    model.
532
533       r.import                                                     Imports  raster  data  into  a  GRASS  raster map using GDAL
534                                                                    library and reprojects on the fly.
535
536       r.in.ascii                                                   Converts a GRASS ASCII raster file to binary raster map.
537
538       r.in.aster                                                   Georeference, rectify, and import  Terra-ASTER  imagery  and
539                                                                    relative DEMs using gdalwarp.
540
541       r.in.bin                                                     Import a binary raster file into a GRASS raster map layer.
542
543       r.in.gdal                                                    Imports  raster  data  into  a  GRASS  raster map using GDAL
544                                                                    library.
545
546       r.in.gridatb                                                 Imports GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL) into a GRASS  raster
547                                                                    map.
548
549       r.in.lidar                                                   Creates  a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using univariate
550                                                                    statistics.
551
552       r.in.mat                                                     Imports a binary MAT-File(v4) to a GRASS raster.
553
554       r.in.png                                                     Imports non-georeferenced PNG format image.
555
556       r.in.poly                                                    Creates  raster  maps  from  ASCII  polygon/line/point  data
557                                                                    files.
558
559       r.in.srtm                                                    Imports SRTM HGT files into raster map.
560
561       r.in.wms                                                     Downloads   and  imports  data  from  WMS/WMTS/NASA  OnEarth
562                                                                    server.
563
564       r.in.xyz                                                     Creates a raster map from an assemblage of many  coordinates
565                                                                    using univariate statistics.
566
567       r.info                                                       Outputs basic information about a raster map.
568
569       r.kappa                                                      Calculates  error  matrix  and  kappa parameter for accuracy
570                                                                    assessment of classification result.
571
572       r.lake                                                       Fills lake at given point to given level.
573
574       r.latlong                                                    Creates a latitude/longitude raster map.
575
576       r.li.cwed                                                    Calculates contrast weighted edge density index on a  raster
577                                                                    map
578
579       r.li.daemon                                                  Support module for r.li landscape index calculations.
580
581       r.li.dominance                                               Calculates dominance’s diversity index on a raster map
582
583       r.li.edgedensity                                             Calculates  edge  density  index  on a raster map, using a 4
584                                                                    neighbour algorithm
585
586       r.li                                                         Toolset for multiscale analysis of landscape structure
587
588       r.li.mpa                                                     Calculates mean pixel attribute index on a raster map
589
590       r.li.mps                                                     Calculates mean patch size index on a raster map, using a  4
591                                                                    neighbour algorithm
592
593
594
595
596       r.li.padcv                                                   Calculates  coefficient  of  variation  of  patch  area on a
597                                                                    raster map
598
599       r.li.padrange                                                Calculates range of patch area size on a raster map
600
601       r.li.padsd                                                   Calculates standard deviation of patch area a raster map
602
603       r.li.patchdensity                                            Calculates patch density index on a raster map,  using  a  4
604                                                                    neighbour algorithm
605
606       r.li.patchnum                                                Calculates  patch  number  index  on a raster map, using a 4
607                                                                    neighbour algorithm.
608
609       r.li.pielou                                                  Calculates Pielou’s diversity index on a raster map
610
611       r.li.renyi                                                   Calculates Renyi’s diversity index on a raster map
612
613       r.li.richness                                                Calculates richness index on a raster map
614
615       r.li.shannon                                                 Calculates Shannon’s diversity index on a raster map
616
617       r.li.shape                                                   Calculates shape index on a raster map
618
619       r.li.simpson                                                 Calculates Simpson’s diversity index on a raster map
620
621       r.mapcalc                                                    Raster map calculator.
622
623       r.mapcalc.simple                                             Calculates a new raster map from a simple r.mapcalc  expres‐
624                                                                    sion.
625
626       r.mask                                                       Creates a MASK for limiting raster operation.
627
628       r.mfilter                                                    Performs raster map matrix filter.
629
630       r.mode                                                       Finds  the  mode  of  values  in  a  cover  map within areas
631                                                                    assigned the same category value in  a  user-specified  base
632                                                                    map.
633
634       r.neighbors                                                  Makes  each  cell  category value a function of the category
635                                                                    values assigned to the cells around it, and stores new  cell
636                                                                    values in an output raster map layer.
637
638       r.null                                                       Manages NULL-values of given raster map.
639
640       r.out.ascii                                                  Converts a raster map layer into a GRASS ASCII text file.
641
642       r.out.bin                                                    Exports a GRASS raster to a binary array.
643
644       r.out.gdal                                                   Exports GRASS raster maps into GDAL supported formats.
645
646       r.out.gridatb                                                Exports GRASS raster map to GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL).
647
648       r.out.mat                                                    Exports a GRASS raster to a binary MAT-File.
649
650       r.out.mpeg                                                   Converts raster map series to MPEG movie.
651
652       r.out.png                                                    Export a GRASS raster map as a non-georeferenced PNG image.
653
654       r.out.pov                                                    Converts  a  raster  map  layer into a height-field file for
655                                                                    POV-Ray.
656
657       r.out.ppm                                                    Converts a GRASS raster map to a PPM image file.
658
659       r.out.ppm3                                                   Converts 3 GRASS raster layers (R,G,B) to a PPM image file.
660
661
662       r.out.vrml                                                   Exports a raster map to the Virtual  Reality  Modeling  Lan‐
663                                                                    guage (VRML).
664
665       r.out.vtk                                                    Converts raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
666
667       r.out.xyz                                                    Exports a raster map to a text file as x,y,z values based on
668                                                                    cell centers.
669
670       r.pack                                                       Exports a raster map as GRASS GIS specific archive file
671
672       r.param.scale                                                Extracts terrain parameters from a DEM.
673
674       r.patch                                                      Creates a composite raster map layer by using known category
675                                                                    values  from  one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in areas of
676                                                                    "no data" in another map layer.
677
678       r.path                                                       Traces paths from starting  points  following  input  direc‐
679                                                                    tions.
680
681       r.plane                                                      Creates  raster  plane  map  given dip (inclination), aspect
682                                                                    (azimuth) and one point.
683
684       r.profile                                                    Outputs the raster map layer values  lying  on  user-defined
685                                                                    line(s).
686
687       r.proj                                                       Re-projects  a raster map from given location to the current
688                                                                    location.
689
690       r.quant                                                      Produces the quantization file for a floating-point map.
691
692       r.quantile                                                   Compute quantiles using two passes.
693
694       r.random.cells                                               Generates random cell values with spatial dependence.
695
696       r.random                                                     Creates a raster map layer and vector point  map  containing
697                                                                    randomly located points.
698
699       r.random.surface                                             Generates random surface(s) with spatial dependence.
700
701       r.reclass.area                                               Reclasses  a  raster map greater or less than user specified
702                                                                    area size (in hectares).
703
704       r.reclass                                                    Reclassify raster map based on category values.
705
706       r.recode                                                     Recodes categorical raster maps.
707
708       r.region                                                     Sets the boundary definitions for a raster map.
709
710       r.regression.line                                            Calculates linear regression from two raster maps: y =  a  +
711                                                                    b*x.
712
713       r.regression.multi                                           Calculates multiple linear regression from raster maps.
714
715       r.relief                                                     Creates shaded relief map from an elevation map (DEM).
716
717       r.report                                                     Reports statistics for raster maps.
718
719       r.resamp.bspline                                             Performs  bilinear  or  bicubic  spline  interpolation  with
720                                                                    Tykhonov regularization.
721
722       r.resamp.filter                                              Resamples raster map layers using an analytic kernel.
723
724       r.resamp.interp                                              Resamples raster map to a finer grid using interpolation.
725
726
727
728       r.resamp.rst                                                 Reinterpolates and optionally computes topographic  analysis
729                                                                    from  input  raster  map  to a new raster map (possibly with
730                                                                    different resolution) using regularized spline with  tension
731                                                                    and smoothing.
732
733       r.resamp.stats                                               Resamples raster map layers to a coarser grid using aggrega‐
734                                                                    tion.
735
736       r.resample                                                   GRASS raster map layer data resampling capability.
737
738       r.rescale.eq                                                 Rescales histogram equalized the range of category values in
739                                                                    a raster map layer.
740
741       r.rescale                                                    Rescales the range of category values in a raster map layer.
742
743       r.rgb                                                        Splits a raster map into red, green and blue maps.
744
745       r.ros                                                        Generates rate of spread raster maps.
746
747       r.series.accumulate                                          Makes  each  output cell value a accumulationfunction of the
748                                                                    values assigned to the  corresponding  cells  in  the  input
749                                                                    raster map layers.
750
751       r.series                                                     Makes  each  output  cell  value  a  function  of the values
752                                                                    assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster  map
753                                                                    layers.
754
755       r.series.interp                                              Interpolates  raster  maps  located (temporal or spatial) in
756                                                                    between input raster maps at specific sampling positions.
757
758       r.shade                                                      Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
759
760       r.sim.sediment                                               Sediment transport and erosion/deposition  simulation  using
761                                                                    path sampling method (SIMWE).
762
763       r.sim.water                                                  Overland  flow  hydrologic  simulation  using  path sampling
764                                                                    method (SIMWE).
765
766       r.slope.aspect                                               Generates raster maps of slope, aspect, curvatures and  par‐
767                                                                    tial derivatives from an elevation raster map.
768
769       r.solute.transport                                           Numerical  calculation  program  for transient, confined and
770                                                                    unconfined solute transport in two dimensions
771
772       r.spread                                                     Simulates elliptically anisotropic spread.
773
774       r.spreadpath                                                 Recursively traces the least cost path  backwards  to  cells
775                                                                    from which the cumulative cost was determined.
776
777       r.statistics                                                 Calculates category or object oriented statistics.
778
779       r.stats                                                      Generates area statistics for raster map.
780
781       r.stats.quantile                                             Compute category quantiles using two passes.
782
783       r.stats.zonal                                                Calculates category or object oriented statistics (accumula‐
784                                                                    tor-based statistics).
785
786       r.stream.extract                                             Performs stream network extraction.
787
788       r.sun                                                        Solar irradiance and irradiation model.
789
790       r.sunhours                                                   Calculates solar elevation, solar azimuth, and sun hours.
791
792
793
794       r.sunmask                                                    Calculates cast shadow areas from sun position and elevation
795                                                                    raster map.
796
797       r.support                                                    Allows creation and/or modification of raster map layer sup‐
798                                                                    port files.
799
800       r.support.stats                                              Update raster map statistics
801
802       r.surf.area                                                  Prints estimation of surface area for raster map.
803
804       r.surf.contour                                               Generates surface raster map from rasterized contours.
805
806       r.surf.fractal                                               Creates a fractal surface of a given fractal dimension.
807
808       r.surf.gauss                                                 Generates a raster map using gaussian random number  genera‐
809                                                                    tor.
810
811       r.surf.idw                                                   Provides  surface  interpolation  from  raster point data by
812                                                                    Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
813
814       r.surf.random                                                Produces a raster surface map  of  uniform  random  deviates
815                                                                    with defined range.
816
817       r.terraflow                                                  Performs flow computation for massive grids.
818
819       r.texture                                                    Generate images with textural features from a raster map.
820
821       r.thin                                                       Thins non-null cells that denote linear features in a raster
822                                                                    map layer.
823
824       r.tile                                                       Splits a raster map into tiles.
825
826       r.tileset                                                    Produces tilings of the source projection  for  use  in  the
827                                                                    destination region and projection.
828
829       r.timestamp                                                  Modifies a timestamp for a raster map.
830
831       r.to.rast3                                                   Converts 2D raster map slices to one 3D raster volume map.
832
833       r.to.rast3elev                                               Creates  a  3D  volume  map  based on 2D elevation and value
834                                                                    raster maps.
835
836       r.to.vect                                                    Converts a raster map into a vector map.
837
838       r.topidx                                                     Creates a topographic index (wetness index) raster map  from
839                                                                    an elevation raster map.
840
841       r.topmodel                                                   Simulates  TOPMODEL  which  is a physically based hydrologic
842                                                                    model.
843
844       r.transect                                                   Outputs raster map layer values  lying  along  user  defined
845                                                                    transect line(s).
846
847       r.univar                                                     Calculates  univariate statistics from the non-null cells of
848                                                                    a raster map.
849
850       r.unpack                                                     Imports a GRASS GIS specific  raster  archive  file  (packed
851                                                                    with r.pack) as a raster map
852
853       r.uslek                                                      Computes USLE Soil Erodibility Factor (K).
854
855       r.usler                                                      Computes USLE R factor, Rainfall erosivity index.
856
857       r.viewshed                                                   Computes the viewshed of a point on an elevation raster map.
858
859
860       r.volume                                                     Calculates the volume of data "clumps".
861
862       r.walk                                                       Creates a raster map showing the anisotropic cumulative cost
863                                                                    of moving between different geographic locations on an input
864                                                                    raster map whose cell category values represent cost.
865
866       r.water.outlet                                               Creates watershed basins from a drainage direction map.
867
868       r.watershed                                                  Calculates hydrological parameters and RUSLE factors.
869
870       r.what.color                                                 Queries colors for a raster map layer.
871
872       r.what                                                       Queries  raster  maps  on their category values and category
873                                                                    labels.
874
875
876   3d raster commands (r3.*)
877       r3.colors                                                    Creates/modifies the color table associated with a 3D raster
878                                                                    map.
879
880       r3.colors.out                                                Exports the color table associated with a 3D raster map.
881
882       r3.cross.rast                                                Creates cross section 2D raster map from 3D raster map based
883                                                                    on 2D elevation map
884
885       r3.flow                                                      Computes 3D flow lines and 3D flow accumulation.
886
887       r3.gradient                                                  Computes gradient of a 3D raster map  and  outputs  gradient
888                                                                    components as three 3D raster maps.
889
890       r3.gwflow                                                    Numerical   calculation   program  for  transient,  confined
891                                                                    groundwater flow in three dimensions.
892
893       r3.in.ascii                                                  Converts a 3D ASCII raster text  file  into  a  (binary)  3D
894                                                                    raster map.
895
896       r3.in.bin                                                    Imports a binary raster file into a GRASS 3D raster map.
897
898       r3.in.lidar                                                  Creates a 3D raster map from LAS LiDAR points using univari‐
899                                                                    ate statistics.
900
901       r3.in.v5d                                                    Import 3-dimensional Vis5D files.
902
903       r3.in.xyz                                                    Create a 3D raster map from an assemblage  of  many  coordi‐
904                                                                    nates using univariate statistics
905
906       r3.info                                                      Outputs  basic  information about a user-specified 3D raster
907                                                                    map layer.
908
909       r3.mapcalc                                                   Raster map calculator.
910
911       r3.mask                                                      Establishes the current working 3D raster mask.
912
913       r3.mkdspf                                                    Creates a display  file  from  an  existing  3D  raster  map
914                                                                    according to specified threshold levels.
915
916       r3.neighbors                                                 Makes  each voxel value a function of the values assigned to
917                                                                    the voxels around it, and stores new voxel values in an out‐
918                                                                    put 3D raster map
919
920       r3.null                                                      Explicitly create the 3D NULL-value bitmap file.
921
922       r3.out.ascii                                                 Converts a 3D raster map layer into a ASCII text file.
923
924
925
926       r3.out.bin                                                   Exports a GRASS 3D raster map to a binary array.
927
928       r3.out.netcdf                                                Export a 3D raster map as netCDF file.
929
930       r3.out.v5d                                                   Exports GRASS 3D raster map to 3-dimensional Vis5D file.
931
932       r3.out.vtk                                                   Converts 3D raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
933
934       r3.retile                                                    Retiles an existing 3D raster map with user defined x, y and
935                                                                    z tile size.
936
937       r3.stats                                                     Generates volume statistics for 3D raster maps.
938
939       r3.support                                                   Allows creation and/or modification of 3D raster  map  layer
940                                                                    support files.
941
942       r3.timestamp                                                 Modifies a timestamp for a 3D raster map.
943
944       r3.to.rast                                                   Converts 3D raster maps to 2D raster maps
945
946       r3.univar                                                    Calculates  univariate statistics from the non-null cells of
947                                                                    a 3D raster map.
948
949
950   Temporal commands (t.*)
951       t.connect                                                    Prints/sets general temporal  GIS  database  connection  for
952                                                                    current mapset.
953
954       t.create                                                     Creates a space time dataset.
955
956       t.info                                                       Lists information about space time datasets and maps.
957
958       t.list                                                       Lists  space time datasets and maps registered in the tempo‐
959                                                                    ral database.
960
961       t.merge                                                      Merges several space time datasets into a single space  time
962                                                                    dataset.
963
964       t.rast.accdetect                                             Detects  accumulation  patterns  in  temporally  accumulated
965                                                                    space time raster datasets created by t.rast.accumulate.
966
967       t.rast.accumulate                                            Computes  cyclic  accumulations  of  a  space  time   raster
968                                                                    dataset.
969
970       t.rast.aggregate.ds                                          Aggregates  data  of  an  existing space time raster dataset
971                                                                    using the time intervals of a second space time dataset.
972
973       t.rast.aggregate                                             Aggregates temporally  the  maps  of  a  space  time  raster
974                                                                    dataset by a user defined granularity.
975
976       t.rast.algebra                                               Apply  temporal  and spatial operations on space time raster
977                                                                    datasets using temporal raster algebra.
978
979       t.rast.colors                                                Creates/modifies the color table associated with each raster
980                                                                    map of the space time raster dataset.
981
982       t.rast.contour                                               Produces  a  space time vector dataset of specified contours
983                                                                    from a space time raster dataset.
984
985       t.rast.export                                                Exports space time raster dataset.
986
987       t.rast.extract                                               Extracts a subset of a space time raster datasets.
988
989
990
991
992       t.rast.gapfill                                               Replaces gaps in a space time raster dataset  with  interpo‐
993                                                                    lated raster maps.
994
995       t.rast.import                                                Imports space time raster dataset.
996
997       t.rast.list                                                  Lists registered maps of a space time raster dataset.
998
999       t.rast.mapcalc                                               Performs  spatio-temporal  mapcalc expressions on temporally
1000                                                                    sampled maps of space time raster datasets.
1001
1002       t.rast.neighbors                                             Performs a neighborhood analysis for each  map  in  a  space
1003                                                                    time raster dataset.
1004
1005       t.rast.out.vtk                                               Exports space time raster dataset as VTK time series.
1006
1007       t.rast.series                                                Performs  different  aggregation algorithms from r.series on
1008                                                                    all or a subset of  raster  maps  in  a  space  time  raster
1009                                                                    dataset.
1010
1011       t.rast.to.rast3                                              Converts a space time raster dataset into a 3D raster map.
1012
1013       t.rast.to.vect                                               Converts  a space time raster dataset into a space time vec‐
1014                                                                    tor dataset
1015
1016       t.rast.univar                                                Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for
1017                                                                    each registered raster map of a space time raster dataset.
1018
1019       t.rast.what                                                  Sample  a space time raster dataset at specific vector point
1020                                                                    coordinates and write the output to stdout  using  different
1021                                                                    layouts
1022
1023       t.rast3d.algebra                                             Apply  temporal  and  spatial  operations  on  space time 3D
1024                                                                    raster datasets using temporal 3D raster algebra.
1025
1026       t.rast3d.extract                                             Extracts a subset of a space time 3D raster dataset.
1027
1028       t.rast3d.list                                                Lists registered maps of a space time raster3d dataset.
1029
1030       t.rast3d.mapcalc                                             Performs r3.mapcalc expressions on  maps  of  sampled  space
1031                                                                    time 3D raster datasets.
1032
1033       t.rast3d.univar                                              Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for
1034                                                                    each registered 3D raster map of  a  space  time  3D  raster
1035                                                                    dataset.
1036
1037       t.register                                                   Assigns timestamps and registers raster, vector and raster3d
1038                                                                    maps in a space time dataset.
1039
1040       t.remove                                                     Removes space time datasets from temporal database.
1041
1042       t.rename                                                     Renames a space time dataset
1043
1044       t.sample                                                     Samples the input space time dataset(s) with a sample  space
1045                                                                    time dataset and print the result to stdout.
1046
1047       t.select                                                     Select  maps  from  space time datasets by topological rela‐
1048                                                                    tionships to other space time datasets using temporal  alge‐
1049                                                                    bra.
1050
1051       t.shift                                                      Shifts temporally the maps of a space time dataset.
1052
1053       t.snap                                                       Snaps temporally the maps of a space time dataset.
1054
1055       t.support                                                    Modifies the metadata of a space time dataset.
1056
1057
1058       t.topology                                                   Lists temporal topology of a space time dataset.
1059
1060       t.unregister                                                 Unregisters raster, vector and raster3d maps from the tempo‐
1061                                                                    ral database or a specific space time dataset.
1062
1063       t.vect.algebra                                               Apply temporal and spatial operations on space  time  vector
1064                                                                    datasets using temporal vector algebra.
1065
1066       t.vect.db.select                                             Prints  attributes of vector maps registered in a space time
1067                                                                    vector dataset.
1068
1069       t.vect.export                                                Exports a space time vector dataset as  GRASS  GIS  specific
1070                                                                    archive file.
1071
1072       t.vect.extract                                               Extracts a subset of a space time vector dataset.
1073
1074       t.vect.import                                                Imports  a  space  time vector dataset from a GRASS GIS spe‐
1075                                                                    cific archive file.
1076
1077       t.vect.list                                                  Lists registered maps of a space time vector dataset.
1078
1079       t.vect.observe.strds                                         Observes specific locations in a space time  raster  dataset
1080                                                                    over a period of time using vector points.
1081
1082       t.vect.univar                                                Calculates univariate statistics of attributes for each reg‐
1083                                                                    istered vector map of a space time vector dataset
1084
1085       t.vect.what.strds                                            Stores raster map values at spatial and  temporal  positions
1086                                                                    of vector points as vector attributes.
1087
1088
1089   Test commands (test.*)
1090       test.r3flow                                                  Testing flow lines.
1091
1092       test.raster3d.lib                                            Performs unit and integration tests for the raster3d library
1093
1094
1095   Vector commands (v.*)
1096       v.buffer                                                     Creates a buffer around vector features of given type.
1097
1098       v.build.all                                                  Rebuilds topology on all vector maps in the current mapset.
1099
1100       v.build                                                      Creates topology for vector map.
1101
1102       v.build.polylines                                            Builds polylines from lines or boundaries.
1103
1104       v.category                                                   Attaches, deletes or reports vector categories to map geome‐
1105                                                                    try.
1106
1107       v.centroids                                                  Adds missing centroids to closed boundaries.
1108
1109       v.class                                                      Classifies attribute data, e.g. for thematic mapping
1110
1111       v.clean                                                      Toolset for cleaning topology of vector map.
1112
1113       v.clip                                                       Extracts features of input map  which  overlay  features  of
1114                                                                    clip map.
1115
1116       v.cluster                                                    Performs cluster identification.
1117
1118       v.colors                                                     Creates/modifies  the  color  table associated with a vector
1119                                                                    map.
1120
1121       v.colors.out                                                 Exports the color table associated with a vector map.
1122
1123
1124       v.db.addcolumn                                               Adds one or more columns to the attribute table connected to
1125                                                                    a given vector map.
1126
1127       v.db.addtable                                                Creates  and connects a new attribute table to a given layer
1128                                                                    of an existing vector map.
1129
1130       v.db.connect                                                 Prints/sets DB connection for a vector map to attribute  ta‐
1131                                                                    ble.
1132
1133       v.db.dropcolumn                                              Drops a column from the attribute table connected to a given
1134                                                                    vector map.
1135
1136       v.db.droprow                                                 Removes a vector feature from a vector map through attribute
1137                                                                    selection.
1138
1139       v.db.droptable                                               Removes existing attribute table of a vector map.
1140
1141       v.db.join                                                    Joins a database table to a vector map table.
1142
1143       v.db.reconnect.all                                           Reconnects  attribute  tables  for  all vector maps from the
1144                                                                    current mapset to a new database.
1145
1146       v.db.renamecolumn                                            Renames a column in the attribute table connected to a given
1147                                                                    vector map.
1148
1149       v.db.select                                                  Prints vector map attributes.
1150
1151       v.db.univar                                                  Calculates  univariate  statistics  on selected table column
1152                                                                    for a GRASS vector map.
1153
1154       v.db.update                                                  Updates a column in the attribute table connected to a  vec‐
1155                                                                    tor map.
1156
1157       v.decimate                                                   Decimates a point cloud
1158
1159       v.delaunay                                                   Creates  a  Delaunay  triangulation from an input vector map
1160                                                                    containing points or centroids.
1161
1162       v.dissolve                                                   Dissolves boundaries between adjacent areas sharing a common
1163                                                                    category number or attribute.
1164
1165       v.distance                                                   Finds the nearest element in vector map ’to’ for elements in
1166                                                                    vector map ’from’.
1167
1168       v.drape                                                      Converts 2D vector features to 3D by sampling  of  elevation
1169                                                                    raster map.
1170
1171       v.edit                                                       Edits  a  vector  map, allows adding, deleting and modifying
1172                                                                    selected vector features.
1173
1174       v.external                                                   Creates a new pseudo-vector map as a  link  to  an  OGR-sup‐
1175                                                                    ported layer or a PostGIS feature table.
1176
1177       v.external.out                                               Defines vector output format.
1178
1179       v.extract                                                    Selects vector features from an existing vector map and cre‐
1180                                                                    ates a new vector map containing only the selected features.
1181
1182       v.extrude                                                    Extrudes flat vector features to  3D  vector  features  with
1183                                                                    defined height.
1184
1185       v.generalize                                                 Performs vector based generalization.
1186
1187       v.hull                                                       Produces a 2D/3D convex hull for a given vector map.
1188
1189
1190       v.import                                                     Imports  vector  data  into  a  GRASS  vector  map using OGR
1191                                                                    library and reprojects on the fly.
1192
1193       v.in.ascii                                                   Creates a vector map from an ASCII points file or ASCII vec‐
1194                                                                    tor file.
1195
1196       v.in.db                                                      Creates new vector (points) map from database table contain‐
1197                                                                    ing coordinates.
1198
1199       v.in.dxf                                                     Converts file in DXF format to GRASS vector map.
1200
1201       v.in.e00                                                     Imports E00 file into a vector map.
1202
1203       v.in.geonames                                                Imports geonames.org country files into a vector points map.
1204
1205       v.in.lidar                                                   Converts LAS LiDAR point clouds to a GRASS vector  map  with
1206                                                                    libLAS.
1207
1208       v.in.lines                                                   Imports ASCII x,y[,z] coordinates as a series of lines.
1209
1210       v.in.mapgen                                                  Imports Mapgen or Matlab-ASCII vector maps into GRASS.
1211
1212       v.in.ogr                                                     Imports  vector  data  into  a  GRASS  vector  map using OGR
1213                                                                    library.
1214
1215       v.in.region                                                  Creates a vector polygon from the current region extent.
1216
1217       v.in.wfs                                                     Imports GetFeature from a WFS server.
1218
1219       v.info                                                       Outputs basic information about a vector map.
1220
1221       v.kcv                                                        Randomly partition points into test/train sets.
1222
1223       v.kernel                                                     Generates a raster density map from vector points map.
1224
1225       v.label                                                      Creates  paint  labels  for  a  vector  map  from   attached
1226                                                                    attributes.
1227
1228       v.label.sa                                                   Create optimally placed labels for vector map(s)
1229
1230       v.lidar.correction                                           Corrects  the  v.lidar.growing output. It is the last of the
1231                                                                    three algorithms for LIDAR filtering.
1232
1233       v.lidar.edgedetection                                        Detects the object’s edges from a LIDAR data set.
1234
1235       v.lidar.growing                                              Building contour determination and Region Growing  algorithm
1236                                                                    for determining the building inside
1237
1238       v.lrs.create                                                 Creates a linear reference system.
1239
1240       v.lrs.label                                                  Creates  stationing  from  input lines, and linear reference
1241                                                                    system.
1242
1243       v.lrs.segment                                                Creates points/segments from input lines,  linear  reference
1244                                                                    system and positions read from stdin or a file.
1245
1246       v.lrs.where                                                  Finds  line id and real km+offset for given points in vector
1247                                                                    map using linear reference system.
1248
1249       v.mkgrid                                                     Creates a vector map of a user-defined grid.
1250
1251       v.neighbors                                                  Neighborhood analysis tool for vector point maps.
1252
1253       v.net.alloc                                                  Allocates subnets for nearest centers.
1254
1255
1256       v.net.allpairs                                               Computes the shortest path between all pairs of nodes in the
1257                                                                    network.
1258
1259       v.net.bridge                                                 Computes bridges and articulation points in the network.
1260
1261       v.net.centrality                                             Computes   degree,  centrality,  betweeness,  closeness  and
1262                                                                    eigenvector centrality measures in the network.
1263
1264       v.net.components                                             Computes strongly and weakly  connected  components  in  the
1265                                                                    network.
1266
1267       v.net.connectivity                                           Computes  vertex  connectivity  between two sets of nodes in
1268                                                                    the network.
1269
1270       v.net.distance                                               Computes shortest distance via the network between the given
1271                                                                    sets of features.
1272
1273       v.net.flow                                                   Computes  the  maximum flow between two sets of nodes in the
1274                                                                    network.
1275
1276       v.net                                                        Performs network maintenance.
1277
1278       v.net.iso                                                    Splits subnets for nearest centers by cost isolines.
1279
1280       v.net.path                                                   Finds shortest path on vector network.
1281
1282       v.net.salesman                                               Creates a cycle connecting given nodes  (Traveling  salesman
1283                                                                    problem).
1284
1285       v.net.spanningtree                                           Computes minimum spanning tree for the network.
1286
1287       v.net.steiner                                                Creates Steiner tree for the network and given terminals.
1288
1289       v.net.timetable                                              Finds shortest path using timetables.
1290
1291       v.net.visibility                                             Performs visibility graph construction.
1292
1293       v.normal                                                     Tests for normality for vector points.
1294
1295       v.out.ascii                                                  Exports a vector map to a GRASS ASCII vector representation.
1296
1297       v.out.dxf                                                    Exports vector map to DXF file format.
1298
1299       v.out.lidar                                                  Exports vector points as LAS point cloud
1300
1301       v.out.ogr                                                    Exports  a vector map layer to any of the supported OGR vec‐
1302                                                                    tor formats.
1303
1304       v.out.postgis                                                Exports a vector map layer to PostGIS feature table.
1305
1306       v.out.pov                                                    Converts GRASS x,y,z points to POV-Ray x,z,y format.
1307
1308       v.out.svg                                                    Exports a vector map to SVG file.
1309
1310       v.out.vtk                                                    Converts a vector map to VTK ASCII output.
1311
1312       v.outlier                                                    Removes outliers from vector point data.
1313
1314       v.overlay                                                    Overlays two vector maps offering clip,  intersection,  dif‐
1315                                                                    ference, symmetrical difference, union operators.
1316
1317       v.pack                                                       Exports a vector map as GRASS GIS specific archive file
1318
1319       v.parallel                                                   Creates parallel line to input vector lines.
1320
1321
1322       v.patch                                                      Creates a new vector map by combining other vector maps.
1323
1324       v.perturb                                                    Random location perturbations of vector points.
1325
1326       v.profile                                                    Vector map profiling tool
1327
1328       v.proj                                                       Re-projects  a  vector  map from one location to the current
1329                                                                    location.
1330
1331       v.qcount                                                     Indices for quadrat counts of vector point lists.
1332
1333       v.random                                                     Generates random 2D/3D vector points.
1334
1335       v.rast.stats                                                 Calculates univariate statistics from a raster map based  on
1336                                                                    a  vector  map  and uploads statistics to new attribute col‐
1337                                                                    umns.
1338
1339       v.reclass                                                    Changes vector category values for an  existing  vector  map
1340                                                                    according  to results of SQL queries or a value in attribute
1341                                                                    table column.
1342
1343       v.rectify                                                    Rectifies a vector by computing a coordinate  transformation
1344                                                                    for each object in the vector based on the control points.
1345
1346       v.report                                                     Reports geometry statistics for vector maps.
1347
1348       v.sample                                                     Samples a raster map at vector point locations.
1349
1350       v.segment                                                    Creates  points/segments  from  input vector lines and posi‐
1351                                                                    tions.
1352
1353       v.select                                                     Selects features from vector map (A) by features from  other
1354                                                                    vector map (B).
1355
1356       v.split                                                      Splits vector lines to shorter segments.
1357
1358       v.support                                                    Updates vector map metadata.
1359
1360       v.surf.bspline                                               Performs  bicubic  or  bilinear  spline  interpolation  with
1361                                                                    Tykhonov regularization.
1362
1363       v.surf.idw                                                   Provides surface interpolation from  vector  point  data  by
1364                                                                    Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
1365
1366       v.surf.rst                                                   Performs  surface  interpolation  from  vector points map by
1367                                                                    splines.
1368
1369       v.timestamp                                                  Modifies a timestamp for a vector map.
1370
1371       v.to.3d                                                      Performs transformation of 2D vector features to 3D.
1372
1373       v.to.db                                                      Populates attribute values from vector features.
1374
1375       v.to.lines                                                   Converts vector polygons or points to lines.
1376
1377       v.to.points                                                  Creates points along input lines in new vector  map  with  2
1378                                                                    layers.
1379
1380       v.to.rast                                                    Converts (rasterize) a vector map into a raster map.
1381
1382       v.to.rast3                                                   Converts a vector map (only points) into a 3D raster map.
1383
1384       v.transform                                                  Performs  an affine transformation (shift, scale and rotate)
1385                                                                    on vector map.
1386
1387
1388       v.type                                                       Changes type of vector features.
1389
1390       v.univar                                                     Calculates univariate statistics of vector map features.
1391
1392       v.unpack                                                     Imports a GRASS GIS specific  vector  archive  file  (packed
1393                                                                    with v.pack) as a vector map
1394
1395       v.vect.stats                                                 Count  points  in  areas,  calculate  statistics  from point
1396                                                                    attributes.
1397
1398       v.vol.rst                                                    Interpolates point data to a 3D raster map using regularized
1399                                                                    spline with tension (RST) algorithm.
1400
1401       v.voronoi                                                    Creates  a Voronoi diagram constrained to the extents of the
1402                                                                    current region from an input vector map containing points or
1403                                                                    centroids.
1404
1405       v.what                                                       Queries a vector map at given locations.
1406
1407       v.what.rast                                                  Uploads  raster  values at positions of vector points to the
1408                                                                    table.
1409
1410       v.what.rast3                                                 Uploads 3D raster values at positions of  vector  points  to
1411                                                                    the table.
1412
1413       v.what.strds                                                 Uploads  space  time  raster  dataset values at positions of
1414                                                                    vector points to the table.
1415
1416       v.what.vect                                                  Uploads vector values at positions of vector points  to  the
1417                                                                    table.
1418
1419
1420       Main  index  |  Topics  index | Keywords index | Graphical index | Full
1421       index
1422
1423       © 2003-2019 GRASS Development Team, GRASS GIS 7.6.0 Reference Manual
1424
1425
1426
1427GRASS 7.6.0                                                      full_index(1)
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