1raster(1)                     Grass User's Manual                    raster(1)
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GRASS GIS 7.6.0 Reference Manual

6       Geographic  Resources  Analysis Support System, commonly referred to as
7       GRASS, is a Geographic Information System  (GIS)  used  for  geospatial
8       data  management  and analysis, image processing, graphics/maps produc‐
9       tion, spatial modeling, and visualization. GRASS is currently  used  in
10       academic  and  commercial settings around the world, as well as by many
11       governmental agencies and environmental consulting companies.
12
13       This reference manual details the use of modules distributed with  Geo‐
14       graphic  Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS), an open source (GNU
15       GPLed), image processing and geographic information system  (GIS).   Go
16       to raster introduction | topics
17
18       Go back to help overview
19
20   Raster commands:
21       r.basins.fill                                                Generates watershed subbasins raster map.
22
23       r.blend                                                      Blends color components of two raster maps by a given ratio.
24
25       r.buffer                                                     Creates  a raster map showing buffer zones surrounding cells
26                                                                    that contain non-NULL category values.
27
28       r.buffer.lowmem                                              Creates a raster map showing buffer zones surrounding  cells
29                                                                    that contain non-NULL category values.
30
31       r.buildvrt                                                   Build  a  VRT (Virtual Raster) from the list of input raster
32                                                                    maps.
33
34       r.carve                                                      Generates stream channels.
35
36       r.category                                                   Manages  category  values   and   labels   associated   with
37                                                                    user-specified raster map layers.
38
39       r.circle                                                     Creates  a  raster  map containing concentric rings around a
40                                                                    given point.
41
42       r.clump                                                      Recategorizes data in a raster map by  grouping  cells  that
43                                                                    form physically discrete areas into unique categories.
44
45       r.coin                                                       Tabulates  the mutual occurrence (coincidence) of categories
46                                                                    for two raster map layers.
47
48       r.colors                                                     Creates/modifies the color table associated  with  a  raster
49                                                                    map.
50
51       r.colors.out                                                 Exports the color table associated with a raster map.
52
53       r.colors.stddev                                              Sets  color  rules  based on stddev from a raster map’s mean
54                                                                    value.
55
56       r.composite                                                  Combines red, green and blue raster maps into a single  com‐
57                                                                    posite raster map.
58
59       r.compress                                                   Compresses and decompresses raster maps.
60
61       r.contour                                                    Produces  a  vector  map of specified contours from a raster
62                                                                    map.
63
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65
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67
68       r.cost                                                       Creates a raster map showing the cumulative cost  of  moving
69                                                                    between  different  geographic  locations on an input raster
70                                                                    map whose cell category values represent cost.
71
72       r.covar                                                      Outputs a covariance/correlation matrix  for  user-specified
73                                                                    raster map layer(s).
74
75       r.cross                                                      Creates a cross product of the category values from multiple
76                                                                    raster map layers.
77
78       r.describe                                                   Prints terse list of category values found in a  raster  map
79                                                                    layer.
80
81       r.distance                                                   Locates  the  closest  points  between objects in two raster
82                                                                    maps.
83
84       r.drain                                                      Traces a flow through an elevation model or cost surface  on
85                                                                    a raster map.
86
87       r.external                                                   Links  GDAL  supported  raster data as a pseudo GRASS raster
88                                                                    map.
89
90       r.external.out                                               Redirects raster  output  to  file  utilizing  GDAL  library
91                                                                    rather than storing in GRASS raster format.
92
93       r.fill.dir                                                   Filters  and  generates a depressionless elevation map and a
94                                                                    flow direction map from a given elevation raster map.
95
96       r.fill.stats                                                 Rapidly fills ’no data’ cells (NULLs) of a raster  map  with
97                                                                    interpolated values (IDW).
98
99       r.fillnulls                                                  Fills  no-data  areas in raster maps using spline interpola‐
100                                                                    tion.
101
102       r.flow                                                       Constructs flowlines.
103
104       r.geomorphon                                                 Calculates geomorphons (terrain forms) and associated geome‐
105                                                                    try using machine vision approach.
106
107       r.grow.distance                                              Generates  a  raster  map  containing  distances  to nearest
108                                                                    raster features.
109
110       r.grow                                                       Generates a raster map layer with contiguous areas grown  by
111                                                                    one cell.
112
113       r.gwflow                                                     Numerical  calculation  program  for transient, confined and
114                                                                    unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions.
115
116       r.his                                                        Generates red, green and blue (RGB) raster map  layers  com‐
117                                                                    bining  hue,  intensity  and  saturation  (HIS)  values from
118                                                                    user-specified input raster map layers.
119
120       r.horizon                                                    Computes horizon  angle  height  from  a  digital  elevation
121                                                                    model.
122
123       r.import                                                     Imports  raster  data  into  a  GRASS  raster map using GDAL
124                                                                    library and reprojects on the fly.
125
126       r.in.ascii                                                   Converts a GRASS ASCII raster file to binary raster map.
127
128       r.in.aster                                                   Georeference, rectify, and import  Terra-ASTER  imagery  and
129                                                                    relative DEMs using gdalwarp.
130
131       r.in.bin                                                     Import a binary raster file into a GRASS raster map layer.
132
133
134       r.in.gdal                                                    Imports  raster  data  into  a  GRASS  raster map using GDAL
135                                                                    library.
136
137       r.in.gridatb                                                 Imports GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL) into a GRASS  raster
138                                                                    map.
139
140       r.in.lidar                                                   Creates  a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using univariate
141                                                                    statistics.
142
143       r.in.mat                                                     Imports a binary MAT-File(v4) to a GRASS raster.
144
145       r.in.png                                                     Imports non-georeferenced PNG format image.
146
147       r.in.poly                                                    Creates  raster  maps  from  ASCII  polygon/line/point  data
148                                                                    files.
149
150       r.in.srtm                                                    Imports SRTM HGT files into raster map.
151
152       r.in.wms                                                     Downloads   and  imports  data  from  WMS/WMTS/NASA  OnEarth
153                                                                    server.
154
155       r.in.xyz                                                     Creates a raster map from an assemblage of many  coordinates
156                                                                    using univariate statistics.
157
158       r.info                                                       Outputs basic information about a raster map.
159
160       r.kappa                                                      Calculates  error  matrix  and  kappa parameter for accuracy
161                                                                    assessment of classification result.
162
163       r.lake                                                       Fills lake at given point to given level.
164
165       r.latlong                                                    Creates a latitude/longitude raster map.
166
167       r.li.cwed                                                    Calculates contrast weighted edge density index on a  raster
168                                                                    map
169
170       r.li.daemon                                                  Support module for r.li landscape index calculations.
171
172       r.li.dominance                                               Calculates dominance’s diversity index on a raster map
173
174       r.li.edgedensity                                             Calculates  edge  density  index  on a raster map, using a 4
175                                                                    neighbour algorithm
176
177       r.li                                                         Toolset for multiscale analysis of landscape structure
178
179       r.li.mpa                                                     Calculates mean pixel attribute index on a raster map
180
181       r.li.mps                                                     Calculates mean patch size index on a raster map, using a  4
182                                                                    neighbour algorithm
183
184       r.li.padcv                                                   Calculates  coefficient  of  variation  of  patch  area on a
185                                                                    raster map
186
187       r.li.padrange                                                Calculates range of patch area size on a raster map
188
189       r.li.padsd                                                   Calculates standard deviation of patch area a raster map
190
191       r.li.patchdensity                                            Calculates patch density index on a raster map,  using  a  4
192                                                                    neighbour algorithm
193
194       r.li.patchnum                                                Calculates  patch  number  index  on a raster map, using a 4
195                                                                    neighbour algorithm.
196
197       r.li.pielou                                                  Calculates Pielou’s diversity index on a raster map
198
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200       r.li.renyi                                                   Calculates Renyi’s diversity index on a raster map
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202       r.li.richness                                                Calculates richness index on a raster map
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204       r.li.shannon                                                 Calculates Shannon’s diversity index on a raster map
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206       r.li.shape                                                   Calculates shape index on a raster map
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208       r.li.simpson                                                 Calculates Simpson’s diversity index on a raster map
209
210       r.mapcalc                                                    Raster map calculator.
211
212       r.mapcalc.simple                                             Calculates a new raster map from a simple r.mapcalc  expres‐
213                                                                    sion.
214
215       r.mask                                                       Creates a MASK for limiting raster operation.
216
217       r.mfilter                                                    Performs raster map matrix filter.
218
219       r.mode                                                       Finds  the  mode  of  values  in  a  cover  map within areas
220                                                                    assigned the same category value in  a  user-specified  base
221                                                                    map.
222
223       r.neighbors                                                  Makes  each  cell  category value a function of the category
224                                                                    values assigned to the cells around it, and stores new  cell
225                                                                    values in an output raster map layer.
226
227       r.null                                                       Manages NULL-values of given raster map.
228
229       r.out.ascii                                                  Converts a raster map layer into a GRASS ASCII text file.
230
231       r.out.bin                                                    Exports a GRASS raster to a binary array.
232
233       r.out.gdal                                                   Exports GRASS raster maps into GDAL supported formats.
234
235       r.out.gridatb                                                Exports GRASS raster map to GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL).
236
237       r.out.mat                                                    Exports a GRASS raster to a binary MAT-File.
238
239       r.out.mpeg                                                   Converts raster map series to MPEG movie.
240
241       r.out.png                                                    Export a GRASS raster map as a non-georeferenced PNG image.
242
243       r.out.pov                                                    Converts  a  raster  map  layer into a height-field file for
244                                                                    POV-Ray.
245
246       r.out.ppm                                                    Converts a GRASS raster map to a PPM image file.
247
248       r.out.ppm3                                                   Converts 3 GRASS raster layers (R,G,B) to a PPM image file.
249
250       r.out.vrml                                                   Exports a raster map to the Virtual  Reality  Modeling  Lan‐
251                                                                    guage (VRML).
252
253       r.out.vtk                                                    Converts raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
254
255       r.out.xyz                                                    Exports a raster map to a text file as x,y,z values based on
256                                                                    cell centers.
257
258       r.pack                                                       Exports a raster map as GRASS GIS specific archive file
259
260       r.param.scale                                                Extracts terrain parameters from a DEM.
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264
265
266       r.patch                                                      Creates a composite raster map layer by using known category
267                                                                    values  from  one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in areas of
268                                                                    "no data" in another map layer.
269
270       r.path                                                       Traces paths from starting  points  following  input  direc‐
271                                                                    tions.
272
273       r.plane                                                      Creates  raster  plane  map  given dip (inclination), aspect
274                                                                    (azimuth) and one point.
275
276       r.profile                                                    Outputs the raster map layer values  lying  on  user-defined
277                                                                    line(s).
278
279       r.proj                                                       Re-projects  a raster map from given location to the current
280                                                                    location.
281
282       r.quant                                                      Produces the quantization file for a floating-point map.
283
284       r.quantile                                                   Compute quantiles using two passes.
285
286       r.random.cells                                               Generates random cell values with spatial dependence.
287
288       r.random                                                     Creates a raster map layer and vector point  map  containing
289                                                                    randomly located points.
290
291       r.random.surface                                             Generates random surface(s) with spatial dependence.
292
293       r.reclass.area                                               Reclasses  a  raster map greater or less than user specified
294                                                                    area size (in hectares).
295
296       r.reclass                                                    Reclassify raster map based on category values.
297
298       r.recode                                                     Recodes categorical raster maps.
299
300       r.region                                                     Sets the boundary definitions for a raster map.
301
302       r.regression.line                                            Calculates linear regression from two raster maps: y =  a  +
303                                                                    b*x.
304
305       r.regression.multi                                           Calculates multiple linear regression from raster maps.
306
307       r.relief                                                     Creates shaded relief map from an elevation map (DEM).
308
309       r.report                                                     Reports statistics for raster maps.
310
311       r.resamp.bspline                                             Performs  bilinear  or  bicubic  spline  interpolation  with
312                                                                    Tykhonov regularization.
313
314       r.resamp.filter                                              Resamples raster map layers using an analytic kernel.
315
316       r.resamp.interp                                              Resamples raster map to a finer grid using interpolation.
317
318       r.resamp.rst                                                 Reinterpolates and optionally computes topographic  analysis
319                                                                    from  input  raster  map  to a new raster map (possibly with
320                                                                    different resolution) using regularized spline with  tension
321                                                                    and smoothing.
322
323       r.resamp.stats                                               Resamples raster map layers to a coarser grid using aggrega‐
324                                                                    tion.
325
326       r.resample                                                   GRASS raster map layer data resampling capability.
327
328       r.rescale.eq                                                 Rescales histogram equalized the range of category values in
329                                                                    a raster map layer.
330
331
332       r.rescale                                                    Rescales the range of category values in a raster map layer.
333
334       r.rgb                                                        Splits a raster map into red, green and blue maps.
335
336       r.ros                                                        Generates rate of spread raster maps.
337
338       r.series.accumulate                                          Makes  each  output cell value a accumulationfunction of the
339                                                                    values assigned to the  corresponding  cells  in  the  input
340                                                                    raster map layers.
341
342       r.series                                                     Makes  each  output  cell  value  a  function  of the values
343                                                                    assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster  map
344                                                                    layers.
345
346       r.series.interp                                              Interpolates  raster  maps  located (temporal or spatial) in
347                                                                    between input raster maps at specific sampling positions.
348
349       r.shade                                                      Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
350
351       r.sim.sediment                                               Sediment transport and erosion/deposition  simulation  using
352                                                                    path sampling method (SIMWE).
353
354       r.sim.water                                                  Overland  flow  hydrologic  simulation  using  path sampling
355                                                                    method (SIMWE).
356
357       r.slope.aspect                                               Generates raster maps of slope, aspect, curvatures and  par‐
358                                                                    tial derivatives from an elevation raster map.
359
360       r.solute.transport                                           Numerical  calculation  program  for transient, confined and
361                                                                    unconfined solute transport in two dimensions
362
363       r.spread                                                     Simulates elliptically anisotropic spread.
364
365       r.spreadpath                                                 Recursively traces the least cost path  backwards  to  cells
366                                                                    from which the cumulative cost was determined.
367
368       r.statistics                                                 Calculates category or object oriented statistics.
369
370       r.stats                                                      Generates area statistics for raster map.
371
372       r.stats.quantile                                             Compute category quantiles using two passes.
373
374       r.stats.zonal                                                Calculates category or object oriented statistics (accumula‐
375                                                                    tor-based statistics).
376
377       r.stream.extract                                             Performs stream network extraction.
378
379       r.sun                                                        Solar irradiance and irradiation model.
380
381       r.sunhours                                                   Calculates solar elevation, solar azimuth, and sun hours.
382
383       r.sunmask                                                    Calculates cast shadow areas from sun position and elevation
384                                                                    raster map.
385
386       r.support                                                    Allows creation and/or modification of raster map layer sup‐
387                                                                    port files.
388
389       r.support.stats                                              Update raster map statistics
390
391       r.surf.area                                                  Prints estimation of surface area for raster map.
392
393       r.surf.contour                                               Generates surface raster map from rasterized contours.
394
395       r.surf.fractal                                               Creates a fractal surface of a given fractal dimension.
396
397
398       r.surf.gauss                                                 Generates a raster map using gaussian random number  genera‐
399                                                                    tor.
400
401       r.surf.idw                                                   Provides  surface  interpolation  from  raster point data by
402                                                                    Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
403
404       r.surf.random                                                Produces a raster surface map  of  uniform  random  deviates
405                                                                    with defined range.
406
407       r.terraflow                                                  Performs flow computation for massive grids.
408
409       r.texture                                                    Generate images with textural features from a raster map.
410
411       r.thin                                                       Thins non-null cells that denote linear features in a raster
412                                                                    map layer.
413
414       r.tile                                                       Splits a raster map into tiles.
415
416       r.tileset                                                    Produces tilings of the source projection  for  use  in  the
417                                                                    destination region and projection.
418
419       r.timestamp                                                  Modifies a timestamp for a raster map.
420
421       r.to.rast3                                                   Converts 2D raster map slices to one 3D raster volume map.
422
423       r.to.rast3elev                                               Creates  a  3D  volume  map  based on 2D elevation and value
424                                                                    raster maps.
425
426       r.to.vect                                                    Converts a raster map into a vector map.
427
428       r.topidx                                                     Creates a topographic index (wetness index) raster map  from
429                                                                    an elevation raster map.
430
431       r.topmodel                                                   Simulates  TOPMODEL  which  is a physically based hydrologic
432                                                                    model.
433
434       r.transect                                                   Outputs raster map layer values  lying  along  user  defined
435                                                                    transect line(s).
436
437       r.univar                                                     Calculates  univariate statistics from the non-null cells of
438                                                                    a raster map.
439
440       r.unpack                                                     Imports a GRASS GIS specific  raster  archive  file  (packed
441                                                                    with r.pack) as a raster map
442
443       r.uslek                                                      Computes USLE Soil Erodibility Factor (K).
444
445       r.usler                                                      Computes USLE R factor, Rainfall erosivity index.
446
447       r.viewshed                                                   Computes the viewshed of a point on an elevation raster map.
448
449       r.volume                                                     Calculates the volume of data "clumps".
450
451       r.walk                                                       Creates a raster map showing the anisotropic cumulative cost
452                                                                    of moving between different geographic locations on an input
453                                                                    raster map whose cell category values represent cost.
454
455       r.water.outlet                                               Creates watershed basins from a drainage direction map.
456
457       r.watershed                                                  Calculates hydrological parameters and RUSLE factors.
458
459       r.what.color                                                 Queries colors for a raster map layer.
460
461
462
463
464       r.what                                                       Queries  raster  maps  on their category values and category
465                                                                    labels.
466
467
468       Main index | Topics index | Keywords index |  Graphical  index  |  Full
469       index
470
471       © 2003-2019 GRASS Development Team, GRASS GIS 7.6.0 Reference Manual
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475GRASS 7.6.0                                                          raster(1)
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