1DVIPS(1)                    General Commands Manual                   DVIPS(1)
2
3
4

NAME

6       dvips - convert a TeX DVI file to PostScript
7

SYNOPSIS

9       dvips [OPTIONS] file[.dvi]
10

DESCRIPTION

12       THIS MAN PAGE IS OBSOLETE!  See the Texinfo documentation instead.  You
13       can read it either in Emacs or with the standalone info  program  which
14       comes  with  the  GNU  texinfo distribution as ftp.gnu.org:pub/gnu/tex‐
15       info/texinfo*.tar.gz.
16
17       The program dvips takes a DVI file file[.dvi] produced by  TeX  (or  by
18       some  other  processor  such as GFtoDVI) and converts it to PostScript,
19       sending the output to a file or directly to a printer.   The  DVI  file
20       may  be specified without the .dvi extension.  Fonts used may either be
21       resident in the printer or defined as bitmaps in PK files, or  a  `vir‐
22       tual'  combination of both.  If the mktexpk program is installed, dvips
23       will automatically invoke METAFONT to generate fonts that don't already
24       exist.
25
26       For  more  information, see the Texinfo manual dvips.texi, which should
27       be installed somewhere on your system, hopefully accessible through the
28       standard Info tree.
29

OPTIONS

31       -a     Conserve  memory  by  making  three  passes  over  the .dvi file
32              instead of two and only loading those characters actually  used.
33              Generally  only useful on machines with a very limited amount of
34              memory, like some PCs.
35
36       -A     Print only odd pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).
37
38       -b num Generate num copies of each page, but duplicating the page  body
39              rather  than using the #numcopies option.  This can be useful in
40              conjunction with a header file setting  \bop-hook  to  do  color
41              separations or other neat tricks.
42
43       -B     Print only even pages (TeX pages, not sequence pages).
44
45       -c num Generate num copies of every page.  Default is 1.  (For collated
46              copies, see the -C option below.)
47
48       -C num Create num copies, but collated (by replicating the data in  the
49              PostScript  file).  Slower than the -c option, but easier on the
50              hands, and faster than resubmitting  the  same  PostScript  file
51              multiple times.
52
53       -d num Set  the  debug flags.  This is intended only for emergencies or
54              for unusual fact-finding expeditions; it will work only if dvips
55              has  been  compiled  with  the DEBUG option.  If nonzero, prints
56              additional information on standard error.  For maximum  informa‐
57              tion,  you  can use `-1'.  See the Dvips Texinfo manual for more
58              details.
59
60       -D num Set the resolution in dpi (dots per inch) to num.  This  affects
61              the  choice  of  bitmap fonts that are loaded and also the posi‐
62              tioning of letters in resident PostScript fonts. Must be between
63              10  and  10000.   This  affects both the horizontal and vertical
64              resolution.  If a high resolution (something  greater  than  400
65              dpi, say) is selected, the -Z flag should probably also be used.
66
67       -e num Make sure that each character is placed at most this many pixels
68              from its `true' resolution-independent position on the page. The
69              default value of this parameter is resolution dependent.  Allow‐
70              ing  individual  characters  to  `drift'  from  their  correctly
71              rounded  positions  by  a  few  pixels, while regaining the true
72              position at the beginning of each new word, improves the spacing
73              of letters in words.
74
75       -E     makes dvips attempt to generate an EPSF file with a tight bound‐
76              ing box.  This only works on one-page files, and it  only  looks
77              at  marks  made  by  characters  and  rules, not by any included
78              graphics.  In addition, it gets the glyph metrics from  the  tfm
79              file, so characters that lie outside their enclosing tfm box may
80              confuse it.  In addition, the bounding box might be  a  bit  too
81              loose  if the character glyph has significant left or right side
82              bearings.  Nonetheless, this  option  works  well  for  creating
83              small EPSF files for equations or tables or the like.  (Note, of
84              course, that dvips output is resolution dependent and thus  does
85              not  make  very good EPSF files, especially if the images are to
86              be scaled; use these EPSF files with a great deal of care.)
87
88       -f     Run as a filter.  Read the .dvi file  from  standard  input  and
89              write  the  PostScript  to  standard output.  The standard input
90              must be seekable, so it cannot be a pipe.  If  you  must  use  a
91              pipe, write a shell script that copies the pipe output to a tem‐
92              porary file and then points dvips at  this  file.   This  option
93              also  disables  the automatic reading of the PRINTER environment
94              variable, and turns off the automatic sending of control D if it
95              was  turned  on with the -F option or in the configuration file;
96              use -F after this option if you want both.
97
98       -F     Causes Control-D (ASCII code 4) to be appended as the very  last
99              character  of the PostScript file.  This is useful when dvips is
100              driving the  printer  directly  instead  of  working  through  a
101              spooler,  as is common on extremely small systems.  NOTE! DO NOT
102              USE THIS OPTION!
103
104       -G     Causes dvips to shift non-printing characters to higher-numbered
105              positions.  This may be useful sometimes.
106
107       -h name
108              Prepend file name as an additional header file. (However, if the
109              name is simply `-' suppress all header files from  the  output.)
110              This header file gets added to the PostScript userdict.
111
112       -i     Make  each  section  be  a separate file.  Under certain circum‐
113              stances, dvips will split the document up into `sections' to  be
114              processed independently; this is most often done for memory rea‐
115              sons.  Using this option tells dvips to place each section  into
116              a  separate  file;  the new file names are created replacing the
117              suffix of  the  supplied  output  file  name  by  a  three-digit
118              sequence  number.  This option is most often used in conjunction
119              with the -S option which sets  the  maximum  section  length  in
120              pages.   For  instance,  some phototypesetters cannot print more
121              than ten or so consecutive pages before running  out  of  steam;
122              these  options  can  be  used to automatically split a book into
123              ten-page sections, each to its own file.
124
125       -j     Download only needed characters from Type 1 fonts. This  is  the
126              default in the current release.  Some debugging flags trace this
127              operation.  You can also control partial downloading on  a  per-
128              font basis, via the psfonts.map file.
129
130       -k     Print  crop  marks.  This option increases the paper size (which
131              should be specified, either with a paper size  special  or  with
132              the  -T option) by a half inch in each dimension.  It translates
133              each page by a quarter inch and draws  cross-style  crop  marks.
134              It  is mostly useful with typesetters that can set the page size
135              automatically.
136
137       -K     This option causes comments  in  included  PostScript  graphics,
138              font files, and headers to be removed.  This is sometimes neces‐
139              sary to get around bugs in spoolers or PostScript  post-process‐
140              ing  programs.  Specifically, the %%Page comments, when left in,
141              often cause difficulties.  Use  of  this  flag  can  cause  some
142              included  graphics  to  fail, since the PostScript header macros
143              from some software packages read portions of  the  input  stream
144              line  by  line, searching for a particular comment.  This option
145              has been turned off by default because PostScript previewers and
146              spoolers have been getting better.
147
148       -l num The last page printed will be the first one numbered num Default
149              is the last page in the document.  If the num is prefixed by  an
150              equals  sign,  then  it  (and  any argument to the -p option) is
151              treated as a sequence number, rather than  a  value  to  compare
152              with  \count0 values.  Thus, using -l =9 will end with the ninth
153              page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually num‐
154              bered.
155
156       -m     Specify manual feed for printer.
157
158       -mode mode
159              Use mode as the Metafont device name for path searching and font
160              generation.  This overrides any value from configuration  files.
161              With  the  default  paths,  explicitly  specifying the mode also
162              makes the program assume the fonts are in a  subdirectory  named
163              mode.
164
165       -M     Turns  off the automatic font generation facility.  If any fonts
166              are missing, commands to generate the fonts are appended to  the
167              file  missfont.log  in the current directory; this file can then
168              be executed and deleted to create the missing fonts.
169
170       -n num At most num pages will be printed. Default is 100000.
171
172       -N     Turns off structured comments; this might be necessary  on  some
173              systems that try to interpret PostScript comments in weird ways,
174              or on some PostScript printers.  Old versions of  TranScript  in
175              particular cannot handle modern Encapsulated PostScript.
176
177       -noomega
178              This  will disable the use of Omega extensions when interpreting
179              DVI files.  By default, the additional opcodes 129 and  134  are
180              recognized  by dvips as Omega or pTeX extensions and interpreted
181              as requests to set 2-byte characters.
182
183       -noptex
184              This will disable the use of pTeX extensions  when  interpreting
185              DVI  files.   By default, the additional opcodes 130 and 135 are
186              recognized by  dvips  as  pTeX  extensions  and  interpreted  as
187              requests  to set 3-byte characters, and 255 as request to change
188              the typesetting direction.
189
190              The only drawback is that the virtual font array will (at  least
191              temporarily)  require  65536  or  more  positions instead of the
192              default 256 positions, i.e., the memory  requirements  of  dvips
193              will  be  somewhat  larger.   If  you  find this unacceptable or
194              encounter another problem with the Omega or pTeX extensions, you
195              can  switch  off the pTeX extension by using -noptex, or both by
196              using -noomega (but please do send a bug report if you find such
197              problems - see the bug address in the AUTHORS section below).
198
199       -o name
200              The  output  will  be sent to file name If no file name is given
201              (i.e., -o is last on the command  line),  the  default  name  is
202              file.ps  where the .dvi file was called file.dvi; if this option
203              isn't given, any default in the configuration file is used.   If
204              the  first  character  of  the  supplied  output file name is an
205              exclamation mark, then the remainder will be used as an argument
206              to popen; thus, specifying !lpr as the output file will automat‐
207              ically queue the file for printing.  This option  also  disables
208              the  automatic  reading of the PRINTER environment variable, and
209              turns off the automatic sending of control D if it was turned on
210              with  the  -F  option or in the configuration file; use -F after
211              this option if you want both.
212
213       -O offset
214              Move the origin by a certain amount.  The offset is a comma-sep‐
215              arated  pair of dimensions, such as .1in,-.3cm (in the same syn‐
216              tax used in the papersize special).  The origin of the  page  is
217              shifted from the default position (of one inch down, one inch to
218              the right from the upper left  corner  of  the  paper)  by  this
219              amount.
220
221       -p num The  first  page  printed  will  be  the first one numbered num.
222              Default is the first page in the document.  If the num  is  pre‐
223              fixed  by  an  equals  sign, then it (and any argument to the -l
224              option) is treated as a sequence number, rather than a value  to
225              compare  with \count0 values.  Thus, using -p =3 will start with
226              the third page of the document, no matter  what  the  pages  are
227              actually numbered.
228
229       -pp pagelist
230              A  comma-separated  list of pages and ranges (a-b) may be given,
231              which will be interpreted as \count0 values.  Pages  not  speci‐
232              fied will not be printed.  Multiple -pp options may be specified
233              or all pages and page ranges  can  be  specified  with  one  -pp
234              option.
235
236       -P printername
237              Sets  up the output for the appropriate printer.  This is imple‐
238              mented by reading in config.printername , which can then set the
239              output pipe (as in, !lpr -Pprintername as well as the font paths
240              and any other config.ps defaults for that  printer  only.   Note
241              that  config.ps  is  read before config.printername In addition,
242              another file called ~/.dvipsrc is searched for immediately after
243              config.ps;  this  file  is intended for user defaults.  If no -P
244              command is given, the environment variable PRINTER  is  checked.
245              If  that variable exists, and a corresponding configuration file
246              exists, that configuration file is read in.
247
248       -q     Run in quiet mode.  Don't chatter about pages  converted,  etc.;
249              report nothing but errors to standard error.
250
251       -r     Stack  pages in reverse order.  Normally, page 1 will be printed
252              first.
253
254       -R[0|1|2]
255              Run securely.  -R2 disables  both  shell  command  execution  in
256              \special'{}  (via  backticks  `  )  and  config files (via the E
257              option), and opening of  any  absolute  filenames.   -R1  ,  the
258              default,  forbids  shell  escapes but allows absolute filenames.
259              -R0 allows both.  The config file option is z
260
261       -s     Causes the entire global output to be enclosed in a save/restore
262              pair.   This  causes the file to not be truly conformant, and is
263              thus not recommended, but is  useful  if  you  are  driving  the
264              printer  directly  and don't care too much about the portability
265              of the output.
266
267       -S num Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'.  This  option
268              is most commonly used with the -i option; see that documentation
269              above for more information.
270
271       -t papertype
272              This sets the paper type to papertype.  The papertype should  be
273              defined in one of the configuration files, along with the appro‐
274              priate code to select it.  (Currently known types  include  let‐
275              ter, legal, ledger, a4, a3).  You can also specify -t landscape,
276              which rotates a document by 90 degrees.  To  rotate  a  document
277              whose  size is not letter, you can use the -t option twice, once
278              for the page size, and once for landscape.  You should  not  use
279              any  -t  option  when  the DVI file already contains a papersize
280              special, as is done  by  some  LaTeX  packages,  notably  hyper‐
281              ref.sty.
282
283              The  upper  left  corner of each page in the .dvi file is placed
284              one inch from the left and one inch from the top.  Use  of  this
285              option is highly dependent on the configuration file.  Note that
286              executing the letter or a4 or other PostScript  operators  cause
287              the  document  to be nonconforming and can cause it not to print
288              on certain printers, so the paper size should not  execute  such
289              an operator if at all possible.
290
291       -T papersize
292              Set the paper size to the given pair of dimensions.  This option
293              takes its arguments in the same style as -O.  It  overrides  any
294              paper size special in the dvi file.
295
296       -u psmapfile
297              Set  psmapfile  to  be  the  file that dvips uses for looking up
298              PostScript font aliases.  If psmapfile begins with a  +  charac‐
299              ter,  then  the  rest of the name is used as the name of the map
300              file, and the map file is appended to  the  list  of  map  files
301              (instead  of  replacing the list).  In either case, if psmapfile
302              has no extension, then .map is added at the end.
303
304       -U     Disable a PostScript virtual  memory  saving  optimization  that
305              stores  the character metric information in the same string that
306              is used to store the bitmap information.  This is only necessary
307              when  driving  the  Xerox  4045  PostScript  interpreter.  It is
308              caused by a bug in that interpreter that results in `garbage' on
309              the  bottom  of each character.  Not recommended unless you must
310              drive this printer.
311
312       -v     Print the dvips version number and exit.
313
314       -V     Download  non-resident  PostScript  fonts  as   bitmaps.    This
315              requires  use  of  `gsftopk' or `pstopk' or some other such pro‐
316              gram(s) in order to generate the required  bitmap  fonts;  these
317              programs are supplied with dvips.
318
319       -x num Set the magnification ratio to num/1000.  Overrides the magnifi‐
320              cation specified in the .dvi  file.   Must  be  between  10  and
321              100000.   Instead  of  an  integer, num may be a real number for
322              increased precision.
323
324       -X num Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to num.
325
326       -y num Set the magnification ratio to num/1000 times the  magnification
327              specified in the .dvi file.  See -x above.
328
329       -Y num Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to num.
330
331       -z     Pass  html  hyperdvi specials through to the output for eventual
332              distillation into PDF.  This is not enabled by default to  avoid
333              including  the  header files unnecessarily, and use of temporary
334              files in creating the output.
335
336       -Z     Causes bitmapped fonts to be compressed before  they  are  down‐
337              loaded,  thereby  reducing the size of the PostScript font-down‐
338              loading information.  Especially useful at high  resolutions  or
339              when  very  large fonts are used.  Will slow down printing some‐
340              what, especially on early 68000-based PostScript printers.
341

SEE ALSO

343       mf(1),    afm2tfm(1),    tex(1),    latex(1),    lpr(1),    dvips.texi,
344       http://tug.org/dvips.
345

ENVIRONMENT

347       Dvipsk  uses  the same environment variables and algorithms for finding
348       font files as TeX and its friends do.  See the  documentation  for  the
349       Kpathsea library for details.  (Repeating it here is too cumbersome.)
350
351       KPATHSEA_DEBUG: Trace Kpathsea lookups; set to -1 for complete tracing.
352
353       PRINTER: see above.
354

NOTES

356       PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
357

AUTHOR

359       Tomas  Rokicki; extended to virtual fonts by Don Knuth.  Path searching
360       and configuration modifications by Karl Berry.
361
362       Maintained in TeX Live; please send bug reports or other correspondence
363       to tex-k@tug.org (http://lists.tug.org/tex-k).
364
365
366
367                                1 February 2016                       DVIPS(1)
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