1PROJ(1) PROJ.4 PROJ(1)
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6 proj - Cartographic projection filter
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9 proj [ -beEfiIlmorsStTvVwW ] [ args ] ] [ +args ] file[s]
10 invproj [ -beEfiIlmorsStTvVwW ] [ args ] ] [ +args ] file[s]
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14 proj and invproj perform respective forward and inverse conversion of
15 cartographic data to or from cartesian data with a wide range of
16 selectable projection functions.
17 invproj may not be available on all platforms; in this case use proj -I
19 instead.
20 The following control parameters can appear in any order
22 -b Special option for binary coordinate data input and output
24 through standard input and standard output. Data is assumed to
25 be in system type double floating point words. This option is to
26 be used when proj is a child process and allows bypassing for‐
27 matting operations.
28 -d <n>
30 New in version 5.2.0: Specify the number of decimals in the output.
32 -i Selects binary input only (see -b).
35 -I Alternate method to specify inverse projection. Redundant when
37 used with invproj.
38 -o Selects binary output only (see -b).
40 -t<a> Where a specifies a character employed as the first character to
42 denote a control line to be passed through without processing.
43 This option applicable to ASCII input only. (# is the default
44 value).
45 -e <string>
47 Where string is an arbitrary string to be output if an error is
48 detected during data transformations. The default value is a
49 three character string: *\t*. Note that if the -b, -i or -o
50 options are employed, an error is returned as HUGE_VAL value for
51 both return values.
52 -E Causes the input coordinates to be copied to the output line
54 prior to printing the converted values.
55 -l<[=id]>
57 List projection identifiers that can be selected with +proj.
58 proj -l=id gives expanded description of projection id, e.g.
59 proj -l=merc.
60 -lp List of all projection id that can be used with the +proj param‐
62 eter. Equivalent to proj -l.
63 -lP Expanded description of all projections that can be used with
65 the +proj parameter.
66 -le List of all ellipsoids that can be selected with the +ellps
68 parameters.
69 -lu List of all distance units that can be selected with the +units
71 parameter.
72 -ld List of datums that can be selected with the +datum parameter.
74 -r This options reverses the order of the expected input from lon‐
76 gitude-latitude or x-y to latitude-longitude or y-x.
77 -s This options reverses the order of the output from x-y or longi‐
79 tude-latitude to y-x or latitude-longitude.
80 -S Causes estimation of meridional and parallel scale factors, area
82 scale factor and angular distortion, and maximum and minimum
83 scale factors to be listed between <> for each input point. For
84 conformal projections meridional and parallel scales factors
85 will be equal and angular distortion zero. Equal area projec‐
86 tions will have an area factor of 1.
87 -m <mult>
89 The cartesian data may be scaled by the mult parameter. When
90 processing data in a forward projection mode the cartesian out‐
91 put values are multiplied by mult otherwise the input cartesian
92 values are divided by mult before inverse projection. If the
93 first two characters of mult are 1/ or 1: then the reciprocal
94 value of mult is employed.
95 -f <format>
97 Where format is a printf format string to control the form of
98 the output values. For inverse projections, the output will be
99 in degrees when this option is employed. The default format is
100 "%.2f" for forward projection and DMS for inverse.
101 -w<n> Where n is the number of significant fractional digits to employ
103 for seconds output (when the option is not specified, -w3 is
104 assumed).
105 -W<n> Where n is the number of significant fractional digits to employ
107 for seconds output. When -W is employed the fields will be con‐
108 stant width with leading zeroes.
109 -v Causes a listing of cartographic control parameters tested for
111 and used by the program to be printed prior to input data.
112 Should not be used with the -T option.
113 -V This option causes an expanded annotated listing of the charac‐
115 teristics of the projected point. -v is implied with this
116 option.
117 -T <ulow,uhi,vlow,vhi,res[,umax,vmax]>
119 This option creates a set of bivariate Chebyshev polynomial
120 coefficients that approximate the selected cartographic projec‐
121 tion on stdout. The values low and hi denote the range of the
122 input where the u or v prefixes apply to respective longitude-x
123 or latitude-y depending upon whether a forward or inverse pro‐
124 jection is selected. The integer res is a number specifying the
125 power of 10 precision of the approximation. For example, a res
126 of -3 specifies an approximation with an accuracy better than
127 0.001. Optional umax, and vmax specify maximum degree of the
128 polynomials (default: 15).
129 The +args run-line arguments are associated with cartographic parame‐
131 ters. Additional projection control parameters may be contained in two
132 auxiliary control files: the first is optionally referenced with the
133 +init=file:id and the second is always processed after the name of the
134 projection has been established from either the run-line or the con‐
135 tents of +init file. The environment parameter PROJ_LIB establishes the
136 default directory for a file reference without an absolute path. This
137 is also used for supporting files like datum shift files.
138 One or more files (processed in left to right order) specify the source
140 of data to be converted. A - will specify the location of processing
141 standard input. If no files are specified, the input is assumed to be
142 from stdin. For ASCII input data the two data values must be in the
143 first two white space separated fields and when both input and output
144 are ASCII all trailing portions of the input line are appended to the
145 output line.
146 Input geographic data (longitude and latitude) must be in DMS format
148 and input cartesian data must be in units consistent with the ellipsoid
149 major axis or sphere radius units. Output geographic coordinates will
150 be in DMS (if the -w switch is not employed) and precise to 0.001” with
151 trailing, zero-valued minute-second fields deleted.
152
154 The following script
155 proj +proj=utm +lon_0=112w +ellps=clrk66 -r <<EOF
157 45d15'33.1" 111.5W
158 45d15.551666667N -111d30
159 +45.25919444444 111d30'000w
160 EOF
161 will perform UTM forward projection with a standard UTM central merid‐
163 ian nearest longitude 112W. The geographic values of this example are
164 equivalent and meant as examples of various forms of DMS input. The x-y
165 output data will appear as three lines of:
166 460769.27 5011648.45
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170 The proj program is limited to converting between geographic and pro‐
171 jected coordinates within one datum.
172 The cs2cs program operates similarly, but allows translation between
174 any pair of definable coordinate reference systems, including support
175 for datum translation.
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178 cs2cs(1), cct(1), geod(1), gie(1)
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181 A list of know bugs can be found at
182 https://github.com/OSGeo/proj.4/issues where new bug reports can be
183 submitted to.
184
186 https://proj4.org/
187
189 Gerald I. Evenden
190
192 1983-2018
1935.2.0 Sep 10, 2018 PROJ(1)