1D2I_X509(3)                         OpenSSL                        D2I_X509(3)
2
3
4

NAME

6       d2i_ACCESS_DESCRIPTION, d2i_ADMISSIONS, d2i_ADMISSION_SYNTAX,
7       d2i_ASIdOrRange, d2i_ASIdentifierChoice, d2i_ASIdentifiers,
8       d2i_ASN1_BIT_STRING, d2i_ASN1_BMPSTRING, d2i_ASN1_ENUMERATED,
9       d2i_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME, d2i_ASN1_GENERALSTRING, d2i_ASN1_IA5STRING,
10       d2i_ASN1_INTEGER, d2i_ASN1_NULL, d2i_ASN1_OBJECT,
11       d2i_ASN1_OCTET_STRING, d2i_ASN1_PRINTABLE, d2i_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING,
12       d2i_ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY, d2i_ASN1_SET_ANY, d2i_ASN1_T61STRING,
13       d2i_ASN1_TIME, d2i_ASN1_TYPE, d2i_ASN1_UINTEGER,
14       d2i_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING, d2i_ASN1_UTCTIME, d2i_ASN1_UTF8STRING,
15       d2i_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING, d2i_ASRange, d2i_AUTHORITY_INFO_ACCESS,
16       d2i_AUTHORITY_KEYID, d2i_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS, d2i_CERTIFICATEPOLICIES,
17       d2i_CMS_ContentInfo, d2i_CMS_ReceiptRequest, d2i_CMS_bio,
18       d2i_CRL_DIST_POINTS, d2i_DHxparams, d2i_DIRECTORYSTRING,
19       d2i_DISPLAYTEXT, d2i_DIST_POINT, d2i_DIST_POINT_NAME,
20       d2i_DSAPrivateKey, d2i_DSAPrivateKey_bio, d2i_DSAPrivateKey_fp,
21       d2i_DSAPublicKey, d2i_DSA_PUBKEY, d2i_DSA_PUBKEY_bio,
22       d2i_DSA_PUBKEY_fp, d2i_DSA_SIG, d2i_DSAparams, d2i_ECDSA_SIG,
23       d2i_ECPKParameters, d2i_ECParameters, d2i_ECPrivateKey,
24       d2i_ECPrivateKey_bio, d2i_ECPrivateKey_fp, d2i_EC_PUBKEY,
25       d2i_EC_PUBKEY_bio, d2i_EC_PUBKEY_fp, d2i_EDIPARTYNAME, d2i_ESS_CERT_ID,
26       d2i_ESS_ISSUER_SERIAL, d2i_ESS_SIGNING_CERT, d2i_EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE,
27       d2i_GENERAL_NAME, d2i_GENERAL_NAMES, d2i_IPAddressChoice,
28       d2i_IPAddressFamily, d2i_IPAddressOrRange, d2i_IPAddressRange,
29       d2i_ISSUING_DIST_POINT, d2i_NAMING_AUTHORITY,
30       d2i_NETSCAPE_CERT_SEQUENCE, d2i_NETSCAPE_SPKAC, d2i_NETSCAPE_SPKI,
31       d2i_NOTICEREF, d2i_OCSP_BASICRESP, d2i_OCSP_CERTID,
32       d2i_OCSP_CERTSTATUS, d2i_OCSP_CRLID, d2i_OCSP_ONEREQ, d2i_OCSP_REQINFO,
33       d2i_OCSP_REQUEST, d2i_OCSP_RESPBYTES, d2i_OCSP_RESPDATA,
34       d2i_OCSP_RESPID, d2i_OCSP_RESPONSE, d2i_OCSP_REVOKEDINFO,
35       d2i_OCSP_SERVICELOC, d2i_OCSP_SIGNATURE, d2i_OCSP_SINGLERESP,
36       d2i_OTHERNAME, d2i_PBE2PARAM, d2i_PBEPARAM, d2i_PBKDF2PARAM,
37       d2i_PKCS12, d2i_PKCS12_BAGS, d2i_PKCS12_MAC_DATA, d2i_PKCS12_SAFEBAG,
38       d2i_PKCS12_bio, d2i_PKCS12_fp, d2i_PKCS7, d2i_PKCS7_DIGEST,
39       d2i_PKCS7_ENCRYPT, d2i_PKCS7_ENC_CONTENT, d2i_PKCS7_ENVELOPE,
40       d2i_PKCS7_ISSUER_AND_SERIAL, d2i_PKCS7_RECIP_INFO, d2i_PKCS7_SIGNED,
41       d2i_PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO, d2i_PKCS7_SIGN_ENVELOPE, d2i_PKCS7_bio,
42       d2i_PKCS7_fp, d2i_PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO, d2i_PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO_bio,
43       d2i_PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO_fp, d2i_PKCS8_bio, d2i_PKCS8_fp,
44       d2i_PKEY_USAGE_PERIOD, d2i_POLICYINFO, d2i_POLICYQUALINFO,
45       d2i_PROFESSION_INFO, d2i_PROXY_CERT_INFO_EXTENSION, d2i_PROXY_POLICY,
46       d2i_RSAPrivateKey, d2i_RSAPrivateKey_bio, d2i_RSAPrivateKey_fp,
47       d2i_RSAPublicKey, d2i_RSAPublicKey_bio, d2i_RSAPublicKey_fp,
48       d2i_RSA_OAEP_PARAMS, d2i_RSA_PSS_PARAMS, d2i_RSA_PUBKEY,
49       d2i_RSA_PUBKEY_bio, d2i_RSA_PUBKEY_fp, d2i_SCRYPT_PARAMS, d2i_SCT_LIST,
50       d2i_SXNET, d2i_SXNETID, d2i_TS_ACCURACY, d2i_TS_MSG_IMPRINT,
51       d2i_TS_MSG_IMPRINT_bio, d2i_TS_MSG_IMPRINT_fp, d2i_TS_REQ,
52       d2i_TS_REQ_bio, d2i_TS_REQ_fp, d2i_TS_RESP, d2i_TS_RESP_bio,
53       d2i_TS_RESP_fp, d2i_TS_STATUS_INFO, d2i_TS_TST_INFO,
54       d2i_TS_TST_INFO_bio, d2i_TS_TST_INFO_fp, d2i_USERNOTICE, d2i_X509,
55       d2i_X509_ALGOR, d2i_X509_ALGORS, d2i_X509_ATTRIBUTE, d2i_X509_CERT_AUX,
56       d2i_X509_CINF, d2i_X509_CRL, d2i_X509_CRL_INFO, d2i_X509_CRL_bio,
57       d2i_X509_CRL_fp, d2i_X509_EXTENSION, d2i_X509_EXTENSIONS,
58       d2i_X509_NAME, d2i_X509_NAME_ENTRY, d2i_X509_PUBKEY, d2i_X509_REQ,
59       d2i_X509_REQ_INFO, d2i_X509_REQ_bio, d2i_X509_REQ_fp, d2i_X509_REVOKED,
60       d2i_X509_SIG, d2i_X509_VAL, i2d_ACCESS_DESCRIPTION, i2d_ADMISSIONS,
61       i2d_ADMISSION_SYNTAX, i2d_ASIdOrRange, i2d_ASIdentifierChoice,
62       i2d_ASIdentifiers, i2d_ASN1_BIT_STRING, i2d_ASN1_BMPSTRING,
63       i2d_ASN1_ENUMERATED, i2d_ASN1_GENERALIZEDTIME, i2d_ASN1_GENERALSTRING,
64       i2d_ASN1_IA5STRING, i2d_ASN1_INTEGER, i2d_ASN1_NULL, i2d_ASN1_OBJECT,
65       i2d_ASN1_OCTET_STRING, i2d_ASN1_PRINTABLE, i2d_ASN1_PRINTABLESTRING,
66       i2d_ASN1_SEQUENCE_ANY, i2d_ASN1_SET_ANY, i2d_ASN1_T61STRING,
67       i2d_ASN1_TIME, i2d_ASN1_TYPE, i2d_ASN1_UNIVERSALSTRING,
68       i2d_ASN1_UTCTIME, i2d_ASN1_UTF8STRING, i2d_ASN1_VISIBLESTRING,
69       i2d_ASN1_bio_stream, i2d_ASRange, i2d_AUTHORITY_INFO_ACCESS,
70       i2d_AUTHORITY_KEYID, i2d_BASIC_CONSTRAINTS, i2d_CERTIFICATEPOLICIES,
71       i2d_CMS_ContentInfo, i2d_CMS_ReceiptRequest, i2d_CMS_bio,
72       i2d_CRL_DIST_POINTS, i2d_DHxparams, i2d_DIRECTORYSTRING,
73       i2d_DISPLAYTEXT, i2d_DIST_POINT, i2d_DIST_POINT_NAME,
74       i2d_DSAPrivateKey, i2d_DSAPrivateKey_bio, i2d_DSAPrivateKey_fp,
75       i2d_DSAPublicKey, i2d_DSA_PUBKEY, i2d_DSA_PUBKEY_bio,
76       i2d_DSA_PUBKEY_fp, i2d_DSA_SIG, i2d_DSAparams, i2d_ECDSA_SIG,
77       i2d_ECPKParameters, i2d_ECParameters, i2d_ECPrivateKey,
78       i2d_ECPrivateKey_bio, i2d_ECPrivateKey_fp, i2d_EC_PUBKEY,
79       i2d_EC_PUBKEY_bio, i2d_EC_PUBKEY_fp, i2d_EDIPARTYNAME, i2d_ESS_CERT_ID,
80       i2d_ESS_ISSUER_SERIAL, i2d_ESS_SIGNING_CERT, i2d_EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE,
81       i2d_GENERAL_NAME, i2d_GENERAL_NAMES, i2d_IPAddressChoice,
82       i2d_IPAddressFamily, i2d_IPAddressOrRange, i2d_IPAddressRange,
83       i2d_ISSUING_DIST_POINT, i2d_NAMING_AUTHORITY,
84       i2d_NETSCAPE_CERT_SEQUENCE, i2d_NETSCAPE_SPKAC, i2d_NETSCAPE_SPKI,
85       i2d_NOTICEREF, i2d_OCSP_BASICRESP, i2d_OCSP_CERTID,
86       i2d_OCSP_CERTSTATUS, i2d_OCSP_CRLID, i2d_OCSP_ONEREQ, i2d_OCSP_REQINFO,
87       i2d_OCSP_REQUEST, i2d_OCSP_RESPBYTES, i2d_OCSP_RESPDATA,
88       i2d_OCSP_RESPID, i2d_OCSP_RESPONSE, i2d_OCSP_REVOKEDINFO,
89       i2d_OCSP_SERVICELOC, i2d_OCSP_SIGNATURE, i2d_OCSP_SINGLERESP,
90       i2d_OTHERNAME, i2d_PBE2PARAM, i2d_PBEPARAM, i2d_PBKDF2PARAM,
91       i2d_PKCS12, i2d_PKCS12_BAGS, i2d_PKCS12_MAC_DATA, i2d_PKCS12_SAFEBAG,
92       i2d_PKCS12_bio, i2d_PKCS12_fp, i2d_PKCS7, i2d_PKCS7_DIGEST,
93       i2d_PKCS7_ENCRYPT, i2d_PKCS7_ENC_CONTENT, i2d_PKCS7_ENVELOPE,
94       i2d_PKCS7_ISSUER_AND_SERIAL, i2d_PKCS7_NDEF, i2d_PKCS7_RECIP_INFO,
95       i2d_PKCS7_SIGNED, i2d_PKCS7_SIGNER_INFO, i2d_PKCS7_SIGN_ENVELOPE,
96       i2d_PKCS7_bio, i2d_PKCS7_fp, i2d_PKCS8PrivateKeyInfo_bio,
97       i2d_PKCS8PrivateKeyInfo_fp, i2d_PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO,
98       i2d_PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO_bio, i2d_PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO_fp, i2d_PKCS8_bio,
99       i2d_PKCS8_fp, i2d_PKEY_USAGE_PERIOD, i2d_POLICYINFO,
100       i2d_POLICYQUALINFO, i2d_PROFESSION_INFO, i2d_PROXY_CERT_INFO_EXTENSION,
101       i2d_PROXY_POLICY, i2d_PublicKey, i2d_RSAPrivateKey,
102       i2d_RSAPrivateKey_bio, i2d_RSAPrivateKey_fp, i2d_RSAPublicKey,
103       i2d_RSAPublicKey_bio, i2d_RSAPublicKey_fp, i2d_RSA_OAEP_PARAMS,
104       i2d_RSA_PSS_PARAMS, i2d_RSA_PUBKEY, i2d_RSA_PUBKEY_bio,
105       i2d_RSA_PUBKEY_fp, i2d_SCRYPT_PARAMS, i2d_SCT_LIST, i2d_SXNET,
106       i2d_SXNETID, i2d_TS_ACCURACY, i2d_TS_MSG_IMPRINT,
107       i2d_TS_MSG_IMPRINT_bio, i2d_TS_MSG_IMPRINT_fp, i2d_TS_REQ,
108       i2d_TS_REQ_bio, i2d_TS_REQ_fp, i2d_TS_RESP, i2d_TS_RESP_bio,
109       i2d_TS_RESP_fp, i2d_TS_STATUS_INFO, i2d_TS_TST_INFO,
110       i2d_TS_TST_INFO_bio, i2d_TS_TST_INFO_fp, i2d_USERNOTICE, i2d_X509,
111       i2d_X509_ALGOR, i2d_X509_ALGORS, i2d_X509_ATTRIBUTE, i2d_X509_CERT_AUX,
112       i2d_X509_CINF, i2d_X509_CRL, i2d_X509_CRL_INFO, i2d_X509_CRL_bio,
113       i2d_X509_CRL_fp, i2d_X509_EXTENSION, i2d_X509_EXTENSIONS,
114       i2d_X509_NAME, i2d_X509_NAME_ENTRY, i2d_X509_PUBKEY, i2d_X509_REQ,
115       i2d_X509_REQ_INFO, i2d_X509_REQ_bio, i2d_X509_REQ_fp, i2d_X509_REVOKED,
116       i2d_X509_SIG, i2d_X509_VAL, - convert objects from/to ASN.1/DER
117       representation
118

SYNOPSIS

120        TYPE *d2i_TYPE(TYPE **a, unsigned char **ppin, long length);
121        TYPE *d2i_TYPE_bio(BIO *bp, TYPE **a);
122        TYPE *d2i_TYPE_fp(FILE *fp, TYPE **a);
123
124        int i2d_TYPE(TYPE *a, unsigned char **ppout);
125        int i2d_TYPE_fp(FILE *fp, TYPE *a);
126        int i2d_TYPE_bio(BIO *bp, TYPE *a);
127

DESCRIPTION

129       In the description here, TYPE is used a placeholder for any of the
130       OpenSSL datatypes, such as X509_CRL.  The function parameters ppin and
131       ppout are generally either both named pp in the headers, or in and out.
132
133       These functions convert OpenSSL objects to and from their ASN.1/DER
134       encoding.  Unlike the C structures which can have pointers to sub-
135       objects within, the DER is a serialized encoding, suitable for sending
136       over the network, writing to a file, and so on.
137
138       d2i_TYPE() attempts to decode len bytes at *ppin. If successful a
139       pointer to the TYPE structure is returned and *ppin is incremented to
140       the byte following the parsed data.  If a is not NULL then a pointer to
141       the returned structure is also written to *a.  If an error occurred
142       then NULL is returned.
143
144       On a successful return, if *a is not NULL then it is assumed that *a
145       contains a valid TYPE structure and an attempt is made to reuse it.
146       This "reuse" capability is present for historical compatibility but its
147       use is strongly discouraged (see BUGS below, and the discussion in the
148       RETURN VALUES section).
149
150       d2i_TYPE_bio() is similar to d2i_TYPE() except it attempts to parse
151       data from BIO bp.
152
153       d2i_TYPE_fp() is similar to d2i_TYPE() except it attempts to parse data
154       from FILE pointer fp.
155
156       i2d_TYPE() encodes the structure pointed to by a into DER format.  If
157       ppout is not NULL, it writes the DER encoded data to the buffer at
158       *ppout, and increments it to point after the data just written.  If the
159       return value is negative an error occurred, otherwise it returns the
160       length of the encoded data.
161
162       If *ppout is NULL memory will be allocated for a buffer and the encoded
163       data written to it. In this case *ppout is not incremented and it
164       points to the start of the data just written.
165
166       i2d_TYPE_bio() is similar to i2d_TYPE() except it writes the encoding
167       of the structure a to BIO bp and it returns 1 for success and 0 for
168       failure.
169
170       i2d_TYPE_fp() is similar to i2d_TYPE() except it writes the encoding of
171       the structure a to BIO bp and it returns 1 for success and 0 for
172       failure.
173
174       These routines do not encrypt private keys and therefore offer no
175       security; use PEM_write_PrivateKey(3) or similar for writing to files.
176

NOTES

178       The letters i and d in i2d_TYPE stand for "internal" (that is, an
179       internal C structure) and "DER" respectively.  So i2d_TYPE converts
180       from internal to DER.
181
182       The functions can also understand BER forms.
183
184       The actual TYPE structure passed to i2d_TYPE() must be a valid
185       populated TYPE structure -- it cannot simply be fed with an empty
186       structure such as that returned by TYPE_new().
187
188       The encoded data is in binary form and may contain embedded zeroes.
189       Therefore any FILE pointers or BIOs should be opened in binary mode.
190       Functions such as strlen() will not return the correct length of the
191       encoded structure.
192
193       The ways that *ppin and *ppout are incremented after the operation can
194       trap the unwary. See the WARNINGS section for some common errors.  The
195       reason for this-auto increment behaviour is to reflect a typical usage
196       of ASN1 functions: after one structure is encoded or decoded another
197       will be processed after it.
198
199       The following points about the data types might be useful:
200
201       ASN1_OBJECT
202           Represents an ASN1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER.
203
204       DHparams
205           Represents a PKCS#3 DH parameters structure.
206
207       DHparamx
208           Represents an ANSI X9.42 DH parameters structure.
209
210       DSA_PUBKEY
211           Represents a DSA public key using a SubjectPublicKeyInfo structure.
212
213       DSAPublicKey, DSAPrivateKey
214           Use a non-standard OpenSSL format and should be avoided; use
215           DSA_PUBKEY, PEM_write_PrivateKey(3), or similar instead.
216
217       ECDSA_SIG
218           Represents an ECDSA signature.
219
220       RSAPublicKey
221           Represents a PKCS#1 RSA public key structure.
222
223       X509_ALGOR
224           Represents an AlgorithmIdentifier structure as used in IETF RFC
225           6960 and elsewhere.
226
227       X509_Name
228           Represents a Name type as used for subject and issuer names in IETF
229           RFC 6960 and elsewhere.
230
231       X509_REQ
232           Represents a PKCS#10 certificate request.
233
234       X509_SIG
235           Represents the DigestInfo structure defined in PKCS#1 and PKCS#7.
236

RETURN VALUES

238       d2i_TYPE(), d2i_TYPE_bio() and d2i_TYPE_fp() return a valid TYPE
239       structure or NULL if an error occurs.  If the "reuse" capability has
240       been used with a valid structure being passed in via a, then the object
241       is freed in the event of error and *a is set to NULL.
242
243       i2d_TYPE() returns the number of bytes successfully encoded or a
244       negative value if an error occurs.
245
246       i2d_TYPE_bio() and i2d_TYPE_fp() return 1 for success and 0 if an error
247       occurs.
248

EXAMPLES

250       Allocate and encode the DER encoding of an X509 structure:
251
252        int len;
253        unsigned char *buf;
254
255        buf = NULL;
256        len = i2d_X509(x, &buf);
257        if (len < 0)
258            /* error */
259
260       Attempt to decode a buffer:
261
262        X509 *x;
263        unsigned char *buf, *p;
264        int len;
265
266        /* Set up buf and len to point to the input buffer. */
267        p = buf;
268        x = d2i_X509(NULL, &p, len);
269        if (x == NULL)
270            /* error */
271
272       Alternative technique:
273
274        X509 *x;
275        unsigned char *buf, *p;
276        int len;
277
278        /* Set up buf and len to point to the input buffer. */
279        p = buf;
280        x = NULL;
281
282        if (d2i_X509(&x, &p, len) == NULL)
283            /* error */
284

WARNINGS

286       Using a temporary variable is mandatory. A common mistake is to attempt
287       to use a buffer directly as follows:
288
289        int len;
290        unsigned char *buf;
291
292        len = i2d_X509(x, NULL);
293        buf = OPENSSL_malloc(len);
294        ...
295        i2d_X509(x, &buf);
296        ...
297        OPENSSL_free(buf);
298
299       This code will result in buf apparently containing garbage because it
300       was incremented after the call to point after the data just written.
301       Also buf will no longer contain the pointer allocated by
302       OPENSSL_malloc() and the subsequent call to OPENSSL_free() is likely to
303       crash.
304
305       Another trap to avoid is misuse of the a argument to d2i_TYPE():
306
307        X509 *x;
308
309        if (d2i_X509(&x, &p, len) == NULL)
310            /* error */
311
312       This will probably crash somewhere in d2i_X509(). The reason for this
313       is that the variable x is uninitialized and an attempt will be made to
314       interpret its (invalid) value as an X509 structure, typically causing a
315       segmentation violation. If x is set to NULL first then this will not
316       happen.
317

BUGS

319       In some versions of OpenSSL the "reuse" behaviour of d2i_TYPE() when *a
320       is valid is broken and some parts of the reused structure may persist
321       if they are not present in the new one. Additionally, in versions of
322       OpenSSL prior to 1.1.0, when the "reuse" behaviour is used and an error
323       occurs the behaviour is inconsistent. Some functions behaved as
324       described here, while some did not free *a on error and did not set *a
325       to NULL.
326
327       As a result of the above issues the "reuse" behaviour is strongly
328       discouraged.
329
330       i2d_TYPE() will not return an error in many versions of OpenSSL, if
331       mandatory fields are not initialized due to a programming error then
332       the encoded structure may contain invalid data or omit the fields
333       entirely and will not be parsed by d2i_TYPE(). This may be fixed in
334       future so code should not assume that i2d_TYPE() will always succeed.
335
336       Any function which encodes a structure (i2d_TYPE(), i2d_TYPE() or
337       i2d_TYPE()) may return a stale encoding if the structure has been
338       modified after deserialization or previous serialization. This is
339       because some objects cache the encoding for efficiency reasons.
340
342       Copyright 1998-2019 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
343
344       Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License").  You may not use
345       this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
346       in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
347       <https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
348
349
350
3511.1.1d                            2019-10-03                       D2I_X509(3)
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