1INTRO(3TIFF)                                                      INTRO(3TIFF)
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3
4

NAME

6       libtiff  -  introduction  to libtiff, a library for reading and writing
7       TIFF files
8

SYNOPSIS

10       #include <tiffio.h>
11
12       cc file.c -ltiff
13

DESCRIPTION

15       libtiff is a library for reading and writing data  files  encoded  with
16       the  Tag  Image  File format, Revision 6.0 (or revision 5.0 or revision
17       4.0). This file  format  is  suitable  for  archiving  multi-color  and
18       monochromatic image data.
19
20       The  library  supports  several compression algorithms, as indicated by
21       the Compression field, including: no compression (1), CCITT 1D  Huffman
22       compression (2), CCITT Group 3 Facsimile compression (3), CCITT Group 4
23       Facsimile compression (4), Lempel-Ziv & Welch compression (5), baseline
24       JPEG  compression (7), word-aligned 1D Huffman compression (32771), and
25       PackBits compression (32773).  In addition,  several  nonstandard  com‐
26       pression algorithms are supported: the 4-bit compression algorithm used
27       by the ThunderScan program (32809) (decompression only),  NeXT's  2-bit
28       compression algorithm (32766) (decompression only), an experimental LZ-
29       style algorithm known as  Deflate  (32946),  and  an  experimental  CIE
30       LogLuv  compression  scheme designed for images with high dynamic range
31       (32845 for LogL and 32845 for LogLuv).  Directory information may be in
32       either  little- or big-endian byte order-byte swapping is automatically
33       done by the library. Data bit ordering may be either  Most  Significant
34       Bit  (MSB)  to Least Significant Bit (LSB) or LSB to MSB.  Finally, the
35       library does not support files in which the BitsPerSample, Compression,
36       MinSampleValue,  or  MaxSampleValue fields are defined differently on a
37       per-sample basis (in Rev. 6.0 the Compression tag is not defined  on  a
38       per-sample basis, so this is immaterial).
39

DATA TYPES

41       The  library  makes extensive use of C typedefs to promote portability.
42       Two sets of typedefs are used, one for communication  with  clients  of
43       the  library  and  one  for internal data structures and parsing of the
44       TIFF format.  The  following  typedefs  are  exposed  to  users  either
45       through  function  definitions or through parameters passed through the
46       varargs interfaces.
47            typedef unsigned short uint16;      16-bit unsigned integer
48            typedef unsigned <thing> uint32;    32-bit unsigned integer
49            typedef unsigned int ttag_t;        directory tag
50            typedef uint16 tdir_t;              directory index
51            typedef uint16 tsample_t;           sample number
52            typedef uint32 tstrip_t;            strip number
53            typedef uint32 ttile_t;             tile number
54            typedef int32 tsize_t;              i/o size in bytes
55            typedef void* tdata_t;              image data ref
56            typedef void* thandle_t;            client data handle
57            typedef int32 toff_t;               file offset
58       Note that tstrip_t, ttile_t, and tsize_t are constrained to be no  more
59       than  32-bit quantities by 32-bit fields they are stored in in the TIFF
60       image.  Likewise tsample_t is limited by the 16-bit field used to store
61       the  SamplesPerPixel tag.  tdir_t constrains the maximum number of IFDs
62       that may appear in an image and may be an arbitrary size (w/o penalty).
63       ttag_t must be either int, unsigned int, pointer, or double because the
64       library uses a varargs interface and ANSI C restricts the type  of  the
65       parameter  before an ellipsis to be a promoted type.  toff_t is defined
66       as int32 because TIFF file offsets are (unsigned) 32-bit quantities.  A
67       signed  value  is  used  because  some  interfaces  return -1 on error.
68       Finally, note that user-specified data references are passed as  opaque
69       handles  and  only  cast  at the lowest layers where their type is pre‐
70       sumed.
71

LIST OF ROUTINES

73       The following routines are part of the library. Consult specific manual
74       pages for details on their operation; on most systems doing ``man func‐
75       tion-name'' will work.
76
77       Name                     Description
78       TIFFCheckpointDirectory  writes the current state of the directory
79       TIFFCheckTile            very x,y,z,sample is within image
80       TIFFCIELabToRGBInit      initialize CIE L*a*b* 1976 to RGB conversion state
81       TIFFCIELabToXYZ          perform CIE L*a*b* 1976 to CIE XYZ conversion
82       TIFFClientOpen           open a file for reading or writing
83       TIFFClose                close an open file
84       TIFFComputeStrip         return strip containing y,sample
85       TIFFComputeTile          return tile containing x,y,z,sample
86       TIFFCurrentDirectory     return index of current directory
87       TIFFCurrentRow           return index of current scanline
88       TIFFCurrentStrip         return index of current strip
89       TIFFCurrentTile          return index of current tile
90       TIFFDataWidth            return the size of TIFF data types
91       TIFFError                library error handler
92       TIFFFdOpen               open a file for reading or writing
93       TIFFFieldDataType        get data type from field information
94       TIFFFieldName            get field name from field information
95       TIFFFieldPassCount       get whether to pass a value count to Get/SetField
96       TIFFFieldReadCount       get number of values to be read from field
97       TIFFFieldTag             get tag value from field information
98       TIFFFieldWithName        get field information given field name
99       TIFFFieldWithTag         get field information given tag
100       TIFFFieldWriteCount      get number of values to be written to field
101       TIFFFileName             return name of open file
102       TIFFFileno               return open file descriptor
103       TIFFFindCODEC            find standard codec for the specific scheme
104       TIFFFindField            get field information given tag and data type
105       TIFFFlush                flush all pending writes
106       TIFFFlushData            flush pending data writes
107       TIFFGetBitRevTable       return bit reversal table
108       TIFFGetField             return tag value in current directory
109       TIFFGetFieldDefaulted    return tag value in current directory
110       TIFFGetMode              return open file mode
111       TIFFGetVersion           return library version string
112       TIFFIsCODECConfigured    check, whether we have working codec
113       TIFFIsMSB2LSB            return true if image data is being returned
114                                with bit 0 as the most significant bit
115       TIFFIsTiled              return true if image data is tiled
116       TIFFIsByteSwapped        return true if image data is byte-swapped
117       TIFFNumberOfStrips       return number of strips in an image
118       TIFFNumberOfTiles        return number of tiles in an image
119       TIFFOpen                 open a file for reading or writing
120       TIFFPrintDirectory       print description of the current directory
121       TIFFReadBufferSetup      specify i/o buffer for reading
122       TIFFReadDirectory        read the next directory
123       TIFFReadEncodedStrip     read and decode a strip of data
124       TIFFReadEncodedTile      read and decode a tile of data
125       TIFFReadRawStrip         read a raw strip of data
126       TIFFReadRawTile          read a raw tile of data
127       TIFFReadRGBAImage        read an image into a fixed format raster
128       TIFFReadScanline         read and decode a row of data
129       TIFFReadTile             read and decode a tile of data
130       TIFFRegisterCODEC        override standard codec for the specific scheme
131       TIFFReverseBits          reverse bits in an array of bytes
132       TIFFRGBAImageBegin       setup decoder state for TIFFRGBAImageGet
133       TIFFRGBAImageEnd         release TIFFRGBAImage decoder state
134       TIFFRGBAImageGet         read and decode an image
135       TIFFRGBAImageOK          is image readable by TIFFRGBAImageGet
136       TIFFScanlineSize         return size of a scanline
137       TIFFSetDirectory         set the current directory
138       TIFFSetSubDirectory      set the current directory
139       TIFFSetErrorHandler      set error handler function
140       TIFFSetField             set a tag's value in the current directory
141       TIFFSetWarningHandler    set warning handler function
142       TIFFStripSize            returns size of a strip
143       TIFFRawStripSize         returns the number of bytes in a raw strip
144       TIFFSwabShort            swap bytes of short
145       TIFFSwabLong             swap bytes of long
146       TIFFSwabArrayOfShort     swap bytes of an array of shorts
147       TIFFSwabArrayOfLong      swap bytes of an array of longs
148       TIFFTileRowSize          return size of a row in a tile
149       TIFFTileSize             return size of a tile
150       TIFFUnRegisterCODEC      unregisters the codec
151       TIFFVGetField            return tag value in current directory
152       TIFFVGetFieldDefaulted   return tag value in current directory
153       TIFFVSetField            set a tag's value in the current directory
154       TIFFVStripSize           returns the number of bytes in a strip
155       TIFFWarning              library warning handler
156       TIFFWriteDirectory       write the current directory
157       TIFFWriteEncodedStrip    compress and write a strip of data
158       TIFFWriteEncodedTile     compress and write a tile of data
159       TIFFWriteRawStrip        write a raw strip of data
160       TIFFWriteRawTile         write a raw tile of data
161       TIFFWriteScanline        write a scanline of data
162       TIFFWriteTile            compress and write a tile of data
163       TIFFXYZToRGB             perform CIE XYZ to RGB conversion
164       TIFFYCbCrToRGBInit       initialize YCbCr to RGB conversion state
165       TIFFYCbCrtoRGB           perform YCbCr to RGB conversion
166
167       Auxiliary functions:
168       _TIFFfree                free memory buffer
169       _TIFFmalloc              dynamically allocate memory buffer
170       _TIFFmemcmp              compare contents of the memory buffers
171       _TIFFmemcpy              copy contents of the one buffer to another
172       _TIFFmemset              fill memory buffer with a constant byte
173       _TIFFrealloc             dynamically reallocate memory buffer
174
175

TAG USAGE

177       The table below lists the TIFF tags that are recognized and handled  by
178       the  library.   If  no  use is indicated in the table, then the library
179       reads and writes the tag, but does not use it  internally.   Note  that
180       some  tags  are meaningful only when a particular compression scheme is
181       being used; e.g.  Group3Options is only useful if Compression is set to
182       CCITT  Group  3  encoding.  Tags of this sort are considered codec-spe‐
183       cific tags and the library does not recognize them except when the Com‐
184       pression  tag  has  been  previously  set  to  the relevant compression
185       scheme.
186
187       Tag Name                Value  R/W  Library Use/Notes
188       Artist                  315    R/W
189       BadFaxLines             326    R/W
190       BitsPerSample           258    R/W  lots
191       CellLength              265         parsed but ignored
192       CellWidth               264         parsed but ignored
193       CleanFaxData            327    R/W
194       ColorMap                320    R/W
195       ColorResponseUnit       300         parsed but ignored
196       Compression             259    R/W  choosing codec
197       ConsecutiveBadFaxLines  328    R/W
198       Copyright       33432   R/W
199       DataType                32996  R    obsoleted by SampleFormat tag
200       DateTime                306    R/W
201       DocumentName            269    R/W
202       DotRange                336    R/W
203       ExtraSamples            338    R/W  lots
204       FaxRecvParams           34908  R/W
205       FaxSubAddress           34909  R/W
206       FaxRecvTime             34910  R/W
207       FillOrder               266    R/W  control bit order
208       FreeByteCounts          289         parsed but ignored
209       FreeOffsets             288         parsed but ignored
210       GrayResponseCurve       291         parsed but ignored
211       GrayResponseUnit        290         parsed but ignored
212       Group3Options           292    R/W  used by Group 3 codec
213       Group4Options           293    R/W
214       HostComputer            316    R/W
215       ImageDepth              32997  R/W  tile/strip calculations
216       ImageDescription        270    R/W
217       ImageLength             257    R/W  lots
218       ImageWidth              256    R/W  lots
219       InkNames                333    R/W
220       InkSet                  332    R/W
221       JPEGTables              347    R/W  used by JPEG codec
222       Make                    271    R/W
223       Matteing                32995  R    obsoleted by ExtraSamples tag
224       MaxSampleValue          281    R/W
225       MinSampleValue          280    R/W
226       Model                   272    R/W
227       NewSubFileType          254    R/W  called SubFileType in spec
228       NumberOfInks            334    R/W
229       Orientation             274    R/W
230       PageName                285    R/W
231       PageNumber              297    R/W
232       PhotometricInterpretation      262  R/Wused by Group 3 and JPEG codecs
233       PlanarConfiguration     284    R/W  data i/o
234       Predictor               317    R/W  used by LZW and Deflate codecs
235       PrimaryChromacities     319    R/W
236       ReferenceBlackWhite     532    R/W
237       ResolutionUnit          296    R/W  used by Group 3 codec
238       RowsPerStrip            278    R/W  data i/o
239       SampleFormat            339    R/W
240       SamplesPerPixel         277    R/W  lots
241       SMinSampleValue         340    R/W
242       SMaxSampleValue         341    R/W
243       Software                305    R/W
244       StoNits                 37439  R/W
245       StripByteCounts         279    R/W  data i/o
246       StripOffsets            273    R/W  data i/o
247       SubFileType             255    R/W  called OSubFileType in spec
248       TargetPrinter           337    R/W
249       Thresholding            263    R/W
250       TileByteCounts          324    R/W  data i/o
251       TileDepth               32998  R/W  tile/strip calculations
252       TileLength              323    R/W  data i/o
253       TileOffsets             324    R/W  data i/o
254       TileWidth               322    R/W  data i/o
255       TransferFunction        301    R/W
256       WhitePoint              318    R/W
257       XPosition               286    R/W
258       XResolution             282    R/W
259       YCbCrCoefficients       529    R/W  used by TIFFRGBAImage support
260       YCbCrPositioning        531    R/W  tile/strip size calulcations
261       YCbCrSubsampling        530    R/W
262       YPosition               286    R/W
263       YResolution             283    R/W  used by Group 3 codec
264

PSEUDO TAGS

266       In addition to the normal TIFF tags the library supports  a  collection
267       of  tags  whose  values  lie in a range outside the valid range of TIFF
268       tags.  These tags are termed pseud-tags and are used to control various
269       codec-specific  functions  within  the library.  The table below summa‐
270       rizes the defined pseudo-tags.
271
272       Tag Name                Codec  R/W  Library Use/Notes
273       TIFFTAG_FAXMODE         G3     R/W  general codec operation
274       TIFFTAG_FAXFILLFUNC     G3/G4  R/W  bitmap fill function
275       TIFFTAG_JPEGQUALITY     JPEG   R/W  compression quality control
276       TIFFTAG_JPEGCOLORMODE   JPEG   R/W  control colorspace conversions
277       TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE  JPEG   R/W  control contents of JPEGTables tag
278       TIFFTAG_ZIPQUALITY      Deflate     R/Wcompression quality level
279       TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGDATAFMT PixarLog    R/Wuser data format
280       TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGQUALITY PixarLog    R/Wcompression quality level
281       TIFFTAG_SGILOGDATAFMT   SGILog R/W  user data format
282
283       TIFFTAG_FAXMODE
284              Control the operation of the Group  3  codec.   Possible  values
285              (independent  bits that can be combined by or'ing them together)
286              are: FAXMODE_CLASSIC (enable old-style format in which  the  RTC
287              is  written  at the end of the last strip), FAXMODE_NORTC (oppo‐
288              site  of  FAXMODE_CLASSIC;  also  called  FAXMODE_CLASSF),  FAX‐
289              MODE_NOEOL  (do  not write EOL codes at the start of each row of
290              data), FAXMODE_BYTEALIGN (align each encoded  row  to  an  8-bit
291              boundary),  FAXMODE_WORDALIGN  (align  each  encoded  row  to an
292              16-bit boundary), The default value is dependent on the compres‐
293              sion  scheme;  this  pseudo-tag is used by the various G3 and G4
294              codecs to share code.
295
296       TIFFTAG_FAXFILLFUNC
297              Control the function used to convert arrays of black  and  white
298              runs  to  packed  bit  arrays.   This  hook can be used to image
299              decoded scanlines in multi-bit depth rasters (e.g.  for  display
300              in colormap mode) or for other purposes.  The default value is a
301              pointer to a builtin function that images packed bilevel data.
302
303       TIFFTAG_IPTCNEWSPHOTO
304              Tag contaings image metadata per the IPTC newsphoto spec:  Head‐
305              line, captioning, credit, etc... Used by most wire services.
306
307       TIFFTAG_PHOTOSHOP
308              Tag contains Photoshop captioning information and metadata. Pho‐
309              toshop uses in parallel and redundantly alongside  IPTCNEWSPHOTO
310              information.
311
312       TIFFTAG_JPEGQUALITY
313              Control the compression quality level used in the baseline algo‐
314              rithm.  Note that quality levels are in the range 0-100  with  a
315              default value of 75.
316
317       TIFFTAG_JPEGCOLORMODE
318              Control  whether or not conversion is done between RGB and YCbCr
319              colorspaces.  Possible values  are:  JPEGCOLORMODE_RAW  (do  not
320              convert),   and  JPEGCOLORMODE_RGB  (convert  to/from  RGB)  The
321              default value is JPEGCOLORMODE_RAW.
322
323       TIFFTAG_JPEGTABLESMODE
324              Control the information written in the JPEGTables tag.  Possible
325              values  (independent  bits  that  can be combined by or'ing them
326              together)  are:   JPEGTABLESMODE_QUANT   (include   quantization
327              tables),   and  JPEGTABLESMODE_HUFF  (include  Huffman  encoding
328              tables).   The  default  value  is  JPEGTABLESMODE_QUANT|JPEGTA‐
329              BLESMODE_HUFF.
330
331       TIFFTAG_ZIPQUALITY
332              Control  the  compression  technique  used by the Deflate codec.
333              Quality levels are in the range 1-9 with larger numbers yielding
334              better compression at the cost of more computation.  The default
335              quality level is 6 which yields a good time-space tradeoff.
336
337       TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGDATAFMT
338              Control the format of user data passed in to the PixarLog  codec
339              when  encoding and passed out from when decoding.  Possible val‐
340              ues are: PIXARLOGDATAFMT_8BIT for 8-bit unsigned pixels,  PIXAR‐
341              LOGDATAFMT_8BITABGR  for  8-bit  unsigned  ABGR-ordered  pixels,
342              PIXARLOGDATAFMT_11BITLOG for 11-bit log-encoded raw data, PIXAR‐
343              LOGDATAFMT_12BITPICIO  for  12-bit PICIO-compatible data, PIXAR‐
344              LOGDATAFMT_16BIT  for  16-bit  signed  samples,  and   PIXARLOG‐
345              DATAFMT_FLOAT for 32-bit IEEE floating point samples.
346
347       TIFFTAG_PIXARLOGQUALITY
348              Control  the  compression  technique used by the PixarLog codec.
349              This value is treated identically to TIFFTAG_ZIPQUALITY; see the
350              above description.
351
352       TIFFTAG_SGILOGDATAFMT
353              Control  the format of client data passed in to the SGILog codec
354              when encoding and passed out from when decoding.  Possible  val‐
355              ues  are: SGILOGDATAFMT_FLTXYZ for converting between LogLuv and
356              32-bit IEEE floating valued XYZ  pixels,  SGILOGDATAFMT_16BITLUV
357              for   16-bit  encoded  Luv  pixels,  SGILOGDATAFMT_32BITRAW  and
358              SGILOGDATAFMT_24BITRAW  for  no  conversion  of  data,   SGILOG‐
359              DATAFMT_8BITRGB  for  returning  8-bit RGB data (valid only when
360              decoding LogLuv-encoded data), SGILOGDATAFMT_FLTY for converting
361              between  LogL  and 32-bit IEEE floating valued Y pixels, SGILOG‐
362              DATAFMT_16BITL  for  16-bit  encoded  L  pixels,   and   SGILOG‐
363              DATAFMT_8BITGRY  for  returning 8-bit greyscale data (valid only
364              when decoding LogL-encoded data).
365

DIAGNOSTICS

367       All error messages are directed  through  the  TIFFError  routine.   By
368       default messages are directed to stderr in the form: module: message\n.
369       Warning messages are likewise directed through the TIFFWarning routine.
370

SEE ALSO

372       fax2tiff(1),  gif2tiff(1),   pal2rgb(1),   ppm2tiff(1),   rgb2ycbcr(1),
373       ras2tiff(1), raw2tiff(1), sgi2tiff(1), tiff2bw(1), tiffdither(1), tiff‐
374       dump(1), tiffcp(1), tiffcmp(1), tiffgt(1), tiffinfo(1),  tiffmedian(1),
375       tiffsplit(1), tiffsv(1).
376
377       Tag  Image File Format Specification — Revision 6.0, an Aldus Technical
378       Memorandum.
379
380       The Spirit of TIFF Class F, an appendix to the TIFF  5.0  specification
381       prepared by Cygnet Technologies.
382
383       Libtiff library home page: http://www.simplesystems.org/libtiff/
384

BUGS

386       The  library  does  not  support multi-sample images where some samples
387       have different bits/sample.
388
389       The library does not support random access to compressed data  that  is
390       organized with more than one row per tile or strip.
391
392
393
394libtiff                        November 2, 2005                   INTRO(3TIFF)
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