1DEBOOTSTRAP(8)              Debian GNU/Linux manual             DEBOOTSTRAP(8)
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NAME

6       debootstrap - Bootstrap a basic Debian system
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SYNOPSIS

9       debootstrap [OPTION...]  SUITE TARGET [MIRROR [SCRIPT]]
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11       debootstrap [OPTION...]  --second-stage
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DESCRIPTION

14       debootstrap  bootstraps a basic Debian system of SUITE into TARGET from
15       MIRROR by running SCRIPT.  MIRROR can be an http:// or https:// URL,  a
16       file:/// URL, or an ssh:/// URL.
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18       The  SUITE  may  be a release code name (eg, sid, stretch, jessie) or a
19       symbolic name (eg, unstable, testing, stable, oldstable)
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21       Notice that file:/ URLs are translated to file:/// (correct  scheme  as
22       described  in  RFC1738 for local filenames), and file:// will not work.
23       ssh://USER@HOST/PATH URLs are retrieved using scp; use of ssh-agent  or
24       similar is strongly recommended.
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26       Debootstrap  can be used to install Debian in a system without using an
27       installation disk but can also be used to run a different Debian flavor
28       in  a  chroot  environment.   This  way you can create a full (minimal)
29       Debian installation which can be used for  testing  purposes  (see  the
30       EXAMPLES  section).   If  you  are looking for a chroot system to build
31       packages please take a look at pbuilder.
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OPTIONS

34       --arch=ARCH
35              Set the target architecture (use if dpkg isn't installed).   See
36              also --foreign.
37
38       --include=alpha,beta
39              Comma separated list of packages which will be added to download
40              and extract lists.
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42       --exclude=alpha,beta
43              Comma separated list of packages  which  will  be  removed  from
44              download  and extract lists.  WARNING: you can and probably will
45              exclude essential packages, be careful using this option.
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47       --components=alpha,beta
48              Use packages from the listed components of the archive.
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50       --no-resolve-deps
51              By default, debootstrap will attempt  to  automatically  resolve
52              any  missing  dependencies, warning if any are found.  Note that
53              this is not a complete dependency resolve in the sense  of  dpkg
54              or  apt,  and  that  it is far better to specify the entire base
55              system than rely on this option.  With this option set, this be‐
56              haviour is disabled.
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58       --log-extra-deps
59              If  you  want  to  record additional dependencies when resolving
60              package dependencies, set this  option  to  track  them  through
61              debootstrap.log.
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63       --variant=minbase|buildd|fakechroot
64              Name  of  the  bootstrap  script variant to use.  Currently, the
65              variants supported are minbase,  which  only  includes  required
66              packages  and  apt;  buildd,  which installs the build-essential
67              packages and fakechroot, which  installs  the  packages  without
68              root  privileges.  The default, with no --variant=X argument, is
69              to create a base Debian installation with all packages of prior‐
70              ity required and important, including apt.
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72       --merged-usr
73              Create  /{bin,sbin,lib}/ symlinks pointing to their counterparts
74              in /usr/.  (Default for most variants.)
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76       --no-merged-usr
77              Do not create /{bin,sbin,lib}/ symlinks pointing to their  coun‐
78              terparts in /usr/.  (Default for the buildd variant.)
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80       --keyring=KEYRING
81              Override  the  default  keyring for the distribution being boot‐
82              strapped, and use  KEYRING  to  check  signatures  of  retrieved
83              Release files.
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85       --no-check-gpg
86              Disables checking gpg signatures of retrieved Release files.
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88       --force-check-gpg
89              Forces  checking  Release  file  signatures, disabling automatic
90              fallback to HTTPS in case of  a  missing  keyring.  Incompatible
91              with the previous option.
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93       --verbose
94              Produce more info about downloading.
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96       --print-debs
97              Print  the  packages  to  be  installed, and exit.  Note that an
98              empty or non-existing TARGET directory must be specified so that
99              debootstrap can download Packages files to determine which pack‐
100              ages should be installed, and to resolve dependencies. The  TAR‐
101              GET  directory  will be deleted unless --keep-debootstrap-dir is
102              specified.
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104       --download-only
105              Download packages, but don't perform installation.
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107       --foreign
108              Do the initial unpack phase of bootstrapping only,  for  example
109              if the target architecture does not match the host architecture.
110              A copy of debootstrap sufficient for  completing  the  bootstrap
111              process  will  be  installed  as /debootstrap/debootstrap in the
112              target filesystem.  You  can  run  it  with  the  --second-stage
113              option to complete the bootstrapping process.
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115       --second-stage
116              Complete  the bootstrapping process.  Other arguments are gener‐
117              ally not needed.
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119       --second-stage-target=DIR
120              Run second stage in a subdirectory instead of root. (can be used
121              to create a foreign chroot) (requires --second-stage)
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123       --keep-debootstrap-dir
124              Don't delete the /debootstrap directory in the target after com‐
125              pleting the installation.
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127       --cache-dir=DIR
128              Cache .deb files under directory. It should be an absolute path.
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130       --unpack-tarball=FILE
131              Acquire .debs from gzipped tarball FILE (specified with absolute
132              path) instead of downloading via HTTP(S).
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134       --make-tarball=FILE
135              Instead  of  bootstrapping,  make  a gzipped tarball (written to
136              FILE) of the downloaded packages.  The resulting tarball may  be
137              passed  to a later --unpack-tarball.  Note that an empty or non-
138              existing TARGET directory must be specified so that  debootstrap
139              can  download packages to prepare the tarball. The TARGET direc‐
140              tory will be deleted unless --keep-debootstrap-dir is specified.
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142       --debian-installer
143              Used for internal purposes by the debian-installer
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145       --extractor=TYPE
146              Override automatic .deb extractor selection to TYPE.   Supported
147              extractors are: dpkg-deb and ar.
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149       --no-check-certificate
150              Do not check certificate against certificate authorities
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152       --certificate=FILE
153              Use the client certificate stored in file (PEM)
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155       --private-key=FILE
156              Read the private key from file
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EXAMPLES

160       To setup a stretch system:
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162            debootstrap stretch ./stretch-chroot http://deb.debian.org/debian
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164            debootstrap stretch ./stretch-chroot file:///LOCAL_MIRROR/debian
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166       Full process to create a complete Debian installation of sid (unstable)
167       in a chroot:
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169            main # debootstrap sid sid-root http://deb.debian.org/debian/
170            [ ... watch it download the whole system ]
171            main # echo "proc sid-root/proc proc defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
172            main # mount proc sid-root/proc -t proc
173            main # echo "sysfs sid-root/sys sysfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
174            main # mount sysfs sid-root/sys -t sysfs
175            main # cp /etc/hosts sid-root/etc/hosts
176            main # chroot sid-root /bin/bash
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AUTHOR

179       debootstrap was written by Anthony Towns <ajt@debian.org>.   This  man‐
180       page was written by Matt Kraai <kraai@debian.org>.
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184Debian Project                    2001-04-27                    DEBOOTSTRAP(8)
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