1Module::Build::WithXSppU(s3e)r Contributed Perl DocumentaMtoidounle::Build::WithXSpp(3)
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6 Module::Build::WithXSpp - XS++ enhanced flavour of Module::Build
7
9 In Build.PL:
10 use strict;
12 use warnings;
13 use 5.006001;
14 use Module::Build::WithXSpp;
16 my $build = Module::Build::WithXSpp->new(
18 # normal Module::Build arguments...
19 # optional: mix in some extra C typemaps:
20 extra_typemap_modules => {
21 'ExtUtils::Typemaps::ObjectMap' => '0',
22 },
23 );
24 $build->create_build_script;
25
27 This subclass of Module::Build adds some tools and processes to make it
28 easier to use for wrapping C++ using XS++ (ExtUtils::XSpp).
29 There are a few minor differences from using "Module::Build" for an
31 ordinary XS module and a few conventions that you should be aware of as
32 an XS++ module author. They are documented in the "FEATURES AND
33 CONVENTIONS" section below. But if you can't be bothered to read all
34 that, you may choose skip it and blindly follow the advice in "JUMP
35 START FOR THE IMPATIENT".
36 An example of a full distribution based on this build tool can be found
38 in the ExtUtils::XSpp distribution under examples/XSpp-Example. Using
39 that example as the basis for your "Module::Build::WithXSpp"-based
40 distribution is probably a good idea.
41
43 XS files
44 By default, "Module::Build::WithXSpp" will automatically generate a
45 main XS file for your module which includes all XS++ files and does the
46 correct incantations to support C++.
47 If "Module::Build::WithXSpp" detects any XS files in your module, it
49 will skip the generation of this default file and assume that you wrote
50 a custom main XS file. If that is not what you want, and wish to simply
51 include plain XS code, then you should put the XS in a verbatim block
52 of an .xsp file. In case you need to use the plain-C part of an XS file
53 for "#include" directives and other code, then put your code into a
54 header file and "#include" it from an .xsp file:
55 In src/mystuff.h:
57 #include <something>
59 using namespace some::thing;
60 In xsp/MyClass.xsp
62 #include "mystuff.h"
64 %{
66 ... verbatim XS here ...
67 %}
68 Note that there is no guarantee about the order in which the XS++ files
70 are picked up.
71 Build directory
73 When building your XS++ based extension, a temporary build directory
74 buildtmp is created for the byproducts. It is automatically cleaned up
75 by "./Build clean".
76 Source directories
78 A Perl module distribution typically has the module ".pm" files in its
79 lib subdirectory. In a "Module::Build::WithXSpp" based distribution,
80 there are two more such conventions about source directories:
81 If any C++ source files are present in the src directory, they will be
83 compiled to object files and linked automatically.
84 Any ".xs", ".xsp", and ".xspt" files in an xs or xsp subdirectory will
86 be automatically picked up and included by the build system.
87 For backwards compatibility, files of the above types are also
89 recognized in lib.
90 Typemaps
92 In XS++, there are two types of typemaps: The ordinary XS typemaps
93 which conventionally put in a file called typemap, and XS++ typemaps.
94 The ordinary XS typemaps will be found in the main directory, under
96 lib, and in the XS directories (xs and xsp). They are required to carry
97 the ".map" extension or to be called typemap. You may use multiple
98 .map files if the entries do not collide. They will be merged at build
99 time into a complete typemap file in the temporary build directory.
100 The "extra_typemap_modules" option is the preferred way to do XS
102 typemapping. It works like any other "Module::Build" argument that
103 declares dependencies except that it loads the listed modules at build
104 time and includes their typemaps into the build.
105 The XS++ typemaps are required to carry the ".xspt" extension or (for
107 backwards compatibility) to be called "typemap.xsp".
108 Detecting the C++ compiler
110 "Module::Build::WithXSpp" uses ExtUtils::CppGuess to detect a C++
111 compiler on your system that is compatible with the C compiler that was
112 used to compile your perl binary. It sets some additional
113 compiler/linker options.
114 This is known to work on GCC (Linux, MacOS, Windows, and ?) as well as
116 the MS VC toolchain. Patches to enable other compilers are very
117 welcome.
118 Automatic dependencies
120 "Module::Build::WithXSpp" automatically adds several dependencies (on
121 the currently running versions) to your distribution. You can disable
122 this by setting "auto_configure_requires => 0" in Build.PL.
123 These are at configure time: "Module::Build", "Module::Build::WithXSpp"
125 itself, and "ExtUtils::CppGuess". Additionally there will be a build-
126 time dependency on "ExtUtils::XSpp".
127 You do not have to set these dependencies yourself unless you need to
129 set the required versions manually.
130 Include files
132 Unfortunately, including the perl headers produces quite some pollution
133 and redefinition of common symbols. Therefore, it may be necessary to
134 include some of your headers before including the perl headers.
135 Specifically, this is the case for MSVC compilers and the standard
136 library headers.
137 Therefore, if you care about that platform in the least, you should use
139 the "early_includes" option when creating a "Module::Build::WithXSpp"
140 object to list headers to include before the perl headers. If such a
141 supplied header file starts with a double quote, "#include "..."" is
142 used, otherwise "#include <...>" is the default. Example:
143 Module::Build::WithXSpp->new(
145 early_includes => [qw(
146 "mylocalheader.h"
147 <mysystemheader.h>
148 )]
149 )
150
152 There are as many ways to start a new CPAN distribution as there are
153 CPAN distributions. Choose your favourite (I just do "h2xs -An
154 My::Module"), then apply a few changes to your setup:
155 · Obliterate any Makefile.PL.
157 This is what your Build.PL should look like:
159 use strict;
161 use warnings;
162 use 5.006001;
163 use Module::Build::WithXSpp;
164 my $build = Module::Build::WithXSpp->new(
166 module_name => 'My::Module',
167 license => 'perl',
168 dist_author => q{John Doe <john_does_mail_address>},
169 dist_version_from => 'lib/My/Module.pm',
170 build_requires => { 'Test::More' => 0, },
171 extra_typemap_modules => {
172 'ExtUtils::Typemaps::ObjectMap' => '0',
173 # ...
174 },
175 );
176 $build->create_build_script;
177 If you need to link against some library "libfoo", add this to the
179 options:
180 extra_linker_flags => [qw(-lfoo)],
182 There is "extra_compiler_flags", too, if you need it.
184 · You create two folders in the main distribution folder: src and xsp.
186 · You put any C++ code that you want to build and include in the module
188 into src/. All the typical C(++) file extensions are recognized and
189 will be compiled to object files and linked into the module. And
190 headers in that folder will be accessible for "#include
191 <myheader.h>".
192 For good measure, move a copy of ppport.h to that directory. See
194 Devel::PPPort.
195 · You do not write normal XS files. Instead, you write XS++ and put it
197 into the xsp/ folder in files with the ".xsp" extension. Do not
198 worry, you can include verbatim XS blocks in XS++. For details on
199 XS++, see ExtUtils::XSpp.
200 · If you need to do any XS type mapping, put your typemaps into a .map
202 file in the "xsp" directory. Alternatively, search CPAN for an
203 appropriate typemap module (cf. ExtUtils::Typemaps::Default for an
204 explanation). XS++ typemaps belong into .xspt files in the same
205 directory.
206 · In this scheme, lib/ only contains Perl module files (and POD). If
208 you started from a pure-Perl distribution, don't forget to add these
209 magic two lines to your main module:
210 require XSLoader;
212 XSLoader::load('My::Module', $VERSION);
213
215 Module::Build upon which this module is based.
216 ExtUtils::XSpp implements XS++. The "ExtUtils::XSpp" distribution
218 contains an examples directory with a usage example of this module.
219 ExtUtils::Typemaps implements progammatic modification (merging) of
221 C/XS typemaps. "ExtUtils::Typemaps" was renamed from
222 "ExtUtils::Typemap" since the original name conflicted with the core
223 typemap file on case-insensitive file systems.
224 ExtUtils::Typemaps::Default explains the concept of having typemaps
226 shipped as modules.
227 ExtUtils::Typemaps::ObjectMap is such a typemap module and probably
229 very useful for any XS++ module.
230 ExtUtils::Typemaps::STL::String implements simple typemapping for STL
232 "std::string"s.
233
235 Steffen Mueller <smueller@cpan.org>
236 With input and bug fixes from:
238 Mattia Barbon
240 Shmuel Fomberg
242 Florian Schlichting
244
246 Copyright 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Steffen Mueller.
247 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
249 under the same terms as Perl itself.
250perl v5.30.1 2020-01-30 Module::Build::WithXSpp(3)