1stdlib.h(0P) POSIX Programmer's Manual stdlib.h(0P)
2
6 This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux
7 implementation of this interface may differ (consult the corresponding
8 Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may
9 not be implemented on Linux.
10
12 stdlib.h — standard library definitions
13
15 #include <stdlib.h>
16
18 Some of the functionality described on this reference page extends the
19 ISO C standard. Applications shall define the appropriate feature test
20 macro (see the System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 2.2,
21 The Compilation Environment) to enable the visibility of these symbols
22 in this header.
23 The <stdlib.h> header shall define the following macros which shall
25 expand to integer constant expressions:
26 EXIT_FAILURE
28 Unsuccessful termination for exit(); evaluates to a non-
29 zero value.
30 EXIT_SUCCESS
32 Successful termination for exit(); evaluates to 0.
33 {RAND_MAX} Maximum value returned by rand(); at least 32767.
35 The <stdlib.h> header shall define the following macro which shall
37 expand to a positive integer expression with type size_t:
38 {MB_CUR_MAX}
40 Maximum number of bytes in a character specified by the
41 current locale (category LC_CTYPE).
42 In the POSIX locale the value of {MB_CUR_MAX} shall be 1.
44 The <stdlib.h> header shall define NULL as described in <stddef.h>.
46 The <stdlib.h> header shall define the following data types through
48 typedef:
49 div_t Structure type returned by the div() function.
51 ldiv_t Structure type returned by the ldiv() function.
53 lldiv_t Structure type returned by the lldiv() function.
55 size_t As described in <stddef.h>.
57 wchar_t As described in <stddef.h>.
59 In addition, the <stdlib.h> header shall define the following symbolic
61 constants and macros as described in <sys/wait.h>:
62 WEXITSTATUS
64 WIFEXITED
65 WIFSIGNALED
66 WIFSTOPPED
67 WNOHANG
68 WSTOPSIG
69 WTERMSIG
70 WUNTRACED
71 The following shall be declared as functions and may also be defined as
73 macros. Function prototypes shall be provided.
74 void _Exit(int);
77 long a64l(const char *);
78 void abort(void);
79 int abs(int);
80 int atexit(void (*)(void));
81 double atof(const char *);
82 int atoi(const char *);
83 long atol(const char *);
84 long long atoll(const char *);
85 void *bsearch(const void *, const void *, size_t, size_t,
86 int (*)(const void *, const void *));
87 void *calloc(size_t, size_t);
88 div_t div(int, int);
89 double drand48(void);
90 double erand48(unsigned short [3]);
91 void exit(int);
92 void free(void *);
93 char *getenv(const char *);
94 int getsubopt(char **, char *const *, char **);
95 int grantpt(int);
96 char *initstate(unsigned, char *, size_t);
97 long jrand48(unsigned short [3]);
98 char *l64a(long);
99 long labs(long);
100 void lcong48(unsigned short [7]);
101 ldiv_t ldiv(long, long);
102 long long llabs(long long);
103 lldiv_t lldiv(long long, long long);
104 long lrand48(void);
105 void *malloc(size_t);
106 int mblen(const char *, size_t);
107 size_t mbstowcs(wchar_t *restrict, const char *restrict, size_t);
108 int mbtowc(wchar_t *restrict, const char *restrict, size_t);
109 char *mkdtemp(char *);
110 int mkstemp(char *);
111 long mrand48(void);
112 long nrand48(unsigned short [3]);
113 int posix_memalign(void **, size_t, size_t);
114 int posix_openpt(int);
115 char *ptsname(int);
116 int putenv(char *);
117 void qsort(void *, size_t, size_t, int (*)(const void *,
118 const void *));
119 int rand(void);
120 int rand_r(unsigned *);
121 long random(void);
122 void *realloc(void *, size_t);
123 char *realpath(const char *restrict, char *restrict);
124 unsigned short *seed48(unsigned short [3]);
125 int setenv(const char *, const char *, int);
126 void setkey(const char *);
127 char *setstate(char *);
128 void srand(unsigned);
129 void srand48(long);
130 void srandom(unsigned);
131 double strtod(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
132 float strtof(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
133 long strtol(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
134 long double strtold(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
135 long long strtoll(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
136 unsigned long strtoul(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
137 unsigned long long
138 strtoull(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
139 int system(const char *);
140 int unlockpt(int);
141 int unsetenv(const char *);
142 size_t wcstombs(char *restrict, const wchar_t *restrict, size_t);
143 int wctomb(char *, wchar_t);
144 Inclusion of the <stdlib.h> header may also make visible all symbols
146 from <stddef.h>, <limits.h>, <math.h>, and <sys/wait.h>.
147 The following sections are informative.
149
151 None.
152
154 None.
155
157 None.
158
160 <limits.h>, <math.h>, <stddef.h>, <sys_types.h>, <sys_wait.h>
161 The System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 2.2, The Compila‐
163 tion Environment, _Exit(), a64l(), abort(), abs(), atexit(), atof(),
164 atoi(), atol(), bsearch(), calloc(), div(), drand48(), exit(), free(),
165 getenv(), getsubopt(), grantpt(), initstate(), labs(), ldiv(), mal‐
166 loc(), mblen(), mbstowcs(), mbtowc(), mkdtemp(), posix_memalign(),
167 posix_openpt(), ptsname(), putenv(), qsort(), rand(), realloc(), real‐
168 path(), setenv(), setkey(), strtod(), strtol(), strtoul(), system(),
169 unlockpt(), unsetenv(), wcstombs(), wctomb()
170
172 Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
173 from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology -- Por‐
174 table Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifi‐
175 cations Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of
176 Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
177 event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
178 The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
179 is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online
180 at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
181 Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are
183 most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the source
184 files to man page format. To report such errors, see https://www.ker‐
185 nel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .
186IEEE/The Open Group 2017 stdlib.h(0P)