1dcraw(1)                    General Commands Manual                   dcraw(1)
2
3
4

NAME

6       dcraw - command-line decoder for raw digital photos
7

SYNOPSIS

9       dcraw [OPTION]... [FILE]...
10

DESCRIPTION

12       dcraw decodes raw photos, displays metadata, and extracts thumbnails.
13

GENERAL OPTIONS

15       -v     Print verbose messages, not just warnings and errors.
16
17       -c     Write decoded images or thumbnails to standard output.
18
19       -e     Extract  the  camera-generated  thumbnail,  not  the  raw image.
20              You'll get either a JPEG or a PPM file, depending on the camera.
21
22       -z     Change the access and modification times of an AVI,  JPEG,  TIFF
23              or  raw file to when the photo was taken, assuming that the cam‐
24              era clock was set to Universal Time.
25
26       -i     Identify files but don't decode them.  Exit status is 0 if dcraw
27              can decode the last file, 1 if it can't.  -i -v shows metadata.
28
29              dcraw cannot decode JPEG files!!
30

REPAIR OPTIONS

32       -I     Read  the  raw pixels from standard input in CPU byte order with
33              no header.  Use dcraw -E -4 to get the raw pixel values.
34
35       -P deadpixels.txt
36              Read the dead pixel list from this file instead of ".badpixels".
37              See FILES for a description of the format.
38
39       -K darkframe.pgm
40              Subtract  a  dark  frame  from the raw data.  To generate a dark
41              frame,   shoot   a   raw   photo   with   no   light   and    do
42              dcraw -D -4 -j -t 0.
43
44       -k darkness
45              When shadows appear foggy, you need to raise the darkness level.
46              To measure this, apply pamsumm -mean to the dark frame generated
47              above.
48
49       -S saturation
50              When  highlights  appear  pink, you need to lower the saturation
51              level.  To measure this, take a picture of something  shiny  and
52              do dcraw -D -4 -j -c photo.raw | pamsumm -max
53
54              The default darkness and saturation are usually correct.
55
56       -n noise_threshold
57              Use  wavelets  to erase noise while preserving real detail.  The
58              best threshold should be somewhere between 100 and 1000.
59
60       -C red_mag blue_mag
61              Enlarge the raw red and blue layers by the given factors,  typi‐
62              cally 0.999 to 1.001, to correct chromatic aberration.
63
64       -H 0   Clip all highlights to solid white (default).
65
66       -H 1   Leave highlights unclipped in various shades of pink.
67
68       -H 2   Blend  clipped  and unclipped values together for a gradual fade
69              to white.
70
71       -H 3+  Reconstruct highlights.  Low numbers favor whites; high  numbers
72              favor  colors.   Try  -H  5 as a compromise.  If that's not good
73              enough, do -H 9, cut out the  non-white  highlights,  and  paste
74              them into an image generated with -H 3.
75

COLOR OPTIONS

77       By  default,  dcraw  uses  a fixed white balance based on a color chart
78       illuminated with a standard D65 lamp.
79
80       -w     Use the white balance specified by the camera.  If this  is  not
81              found, print a warning and use another method.
82
83       -a     Calculate the white balance by averaging the entire image.
84
85       -A left top width height
86              Calculate  the  white  balance  by averaging a rectangular area.
87              First do dcraw -j -t 0 and select an area of neutral grey color.
88
89       -r mul0 mul1 mul2 mul3
90              Specify your own raw white balance.  These  multipliers  can  be
91              cut and pasted from the output of dcraw -v.
92
93       +M or -M
94              Use  (or  don't  use) any color matrix from the camera metadata.
95              The default is +M if -w is set or the photo is in DNG format, -M
96              otherwise.  Besides DNG, this option only affects Olympus, Leaf,
97              and Phase One cameras.
98
99       -o [0-6]
100              Select the output colorspace when the -p option is not used:
101
102                   0   Raw color (unique to each camera)
103                   1   sRGB D65 (default)
104                   2   Adobe RGB (1998) D65
105                   3   Wide Gamut RGB D65
106                   4   Kodak ProPhoto RGB D65
107                   5   XYZ
108                   6   ACES
109
110       -p camera.icm [ -o output.icm ]
111              Use ICC profiles to define the camera's raw colorspace  and  the
112              desired output colorspace (sRGB by default).
113
114       -p embed
115              Use the ICC profile embedded in the raw photo.
116

INTERPOLATION OPTIONS

118       -d     Show  the  raw  data as a grayscale image with no interpolation.
119              Good for photographing black-and-white documents.
120
121       -D     Same as -d, but with the original unscaled pixel values.
122
123       -E     Same as -D, but masked pixels are not cropped.
124
125       -h     Output a half-size color image.  Twice as fast as -q 0.
126
127       -q 0   Use high-speed, low-quality bilinear interpolation.
128
129       -q 1   Use Variable Number of Gradients (VNG) interpolation.
130
131       -q 2   Use Patterned Pixel Grouping (PPG) interpolation.
132
133       -q 3   Use Adaptive Homogeneity-Directed (AHD) interpolation.
134
135       -f     Interpolate RGB as four colors.  Use this if  the  output  shows
136              false 2x2 meshes with VNG or mazes with AHD.
137
138       -m number_of_passes
139              After  interpolation,  clean  up  color  artifacts by repeatedly
140              applying a 3x3 median filter to the R-G and B-G channels.
141

OUTPUT OPTIONS

143       By default, dcraw writes PGM/PPM/PAM with 8-bit samples, a BT.709 gamma
144       curve, a histogram-based white level, and no metadata.
145
146       -W     Use a fixed white level, ignoring the image histogram.
147
148       -b brightness
149              Divide the white level by this number, 1.0 by default.
150
151       -g power toe_slope
152              Set  the  gamma curve, by default BT.709 (-g 2.222 4.5).  If you
153              prefer sRGB gamma, use -g 2.4 12.92.  For a simple power  curve,
154              set the toe slope to zero.
155
156       -6     Write sixteen bits per sample instead of eight.
157
158       -4     Linear 16-bit, same as -6 -W -g 1 1.
159
160       -T     Write TIFF with metadata instead of PGM/PPM/PAM.
161
162       -t [0-7,90,180,270]
163              Flip the output image.  By default, dcraw applies the flip spec‐
164              ified by the camera.  -t 0 disables all flipping.
165
166       -j     For Fuji Super CCD cameras, show the image  tilted  45  degrees.
167              For  cameras with non-square pixels, do not stretch the image to
168              its correct aspect ratio.  In any case, this  option  guarantees
169              that each output pixel corresponds to one raw pixel.
170
171       -s [0..N-1] or -s all
172              If  a file contains N raw images, choose one or "all" to decode.
173              For example, Fuji Super CCD SR cameras generate a  second  image
174              underexposed four stops to show detail in the highlights.
175

FILES

177       ./.badpixels, ../.badpixels, ../../.badpixels, ...
178              List of your camera's dead pixels, so that dcraw can interpolate
179              around them.  Each line specifies the column, row, and UNIX time
180              of death for one pixel.  For example:
181
182               962   91 1028350000  # died between August 1 and 4, 2002
183              1285 1067 0           # don't know when this pixel died
184
185              These  coordinates are before any stretching or rotation, so use
186              dcraw -j -t 0 to locate dead pixels.
187

SEE ALSO

189       pgm(5), ppm(5), pam(5),  pamsumm(1),  pnmgamma(1),  pnmtotiff(1),  pnm‐
190       topng(1), gphoto2(1), cjpeg(1), djpeg(1)
191

AUTHOR

193       Written by David Coffin, dcoffin a cybercom o net
194
195
196
197                                 March 3, 2015                        dcraw(1)
Impressum