1JSON::backportPP(3)   User Contributed Perl Documentation  JSON::backportPP(3)
2
3
4

NAME

6       JSON::PP - JSON::XS compatible pure-Perl module.
7

SYNOPSIS

9        use JSON::PP;
10
11        # exported functions, they croak on error
12        # and expect/generate UTF-8
13
14        $utf8_encoded_json_text = encode_json $perl_hash_or_arrayref;
15        $perl_hash_or_arrayref  = decode_json $utf8_encoded_json_text;
16
17        # OO-interface
18
19        $json = JSON::PP->new->ascii->pretty->allow_nonref;
20
21        $pretty_printed_json_text = $json->encode( $perl_scalar );
22        $perl_scalar = $json->decode( $json_text );
23
24        # Note that JSON version 2.0 and above will automatically use
25        # JSON::XS or JSON::PP, so you should be able to just:
26
27        use JSON;
28

VERSION

30           4.02
31

DESCRIPTION

33       JSON::PP is a pure perl JSON decoder/encoder, and (almost) compatible
34       to much faster JSON::XS written by Marc Lehmann in C. JSON::PP works as
35       a fallback module when you use JSON module without having installed
36       JSON::XS.
37
38       Because of this fallback feature of JSON.pm, JSON::PP tries not to be
39       more JavaScript-friendly than JSON::XS (i.e. not to escape extra
40       characters such as U+2028 and U+2029, etc), in order for you not to
41       lose such JavaScript-friendliness silently when you use JSON.pm and
42       install JSON::XS for speed or by accident.  If you need JavaScript-
43       friendly RFC7159-compliant pure perl module, try JSON::Tiny, which is
44       derived from Mojolicious web framework and is also smaller and faster
45       than JSON::PP.
46
47       JSON::PP has been in the Perl core since Perl 5.14, mainly for CPAN
48       toolchain modules to parse META.json.
49

FUNCTIONAL INTERFACE

51       This section is taken from JSON::XS almost verbatim. "encode_json" and
52       "decode_json" are exported by default.
53
54   encode_json
55           $json_text = encode_json $perl_scalar
56
57       Converts the given Perl data structure to a UTF-8 encoded, binary
58       string (that is, the string contains octets only). Croaks on error.
59
60       This function call is functionally identical to:
61
62           $json_text = JSON::PP->new->utf8->encode($perl_scalar)
63
64       Except being faster.
65
66   decode_json
67           $perl_scalar = decode_json $json_text
68
69       The opposite of "encode_json": expects an UTF-8 (binary) string and
70       tries to parse that as an UTF-8 encoded JSON text, returning the
71       resulting reference. Croaks on error.
72
73       This function call is functionally identical to:
74
75           $perl_scalar = JSON::PP->new->utf8->decode($json_text)
76
77       Except being faster.
78
79   JSON::PP::is_bool
80           $is_boolean = JSON::PP::is_bool($scalar)
81
82       Returns true if the passed scalar represents either JSON::PP::true or
83       JSON::PP::false, two constants that act like 1 and 0 respectively and
84       are also used to represent JSON "true" and "false" in Perl strings.
85
86       See MAPPING, below, for more information on how JSON values are mapped
87       to Perl.
88

OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE

90       This section is also taken from JSON::XS.
91
92       The object oriented interface lets you configure your own encoding or
93       decoding style, within the limits of supported formats.
94
95   new
96           $json = JSON::PP->new
97
98       Creates a new JSON::PP object that can be used to de/encode JSON
99       strings. All boolean flags described below are by default disabled
100       (with the exception of "allow_nonref", which defaults to enabled since
101       version 4.0).
102
103       The mutators for flags all return the JSON::PP object again and thus
104       calls can be chained:
105
106          my $json = JSON::PP->new->utf8->space_after->encode({a => [1,2]})
107          => {"a": [1, 2]}
108
109   ascii
110           $json = $json->ascii([$enable])
111
112           $enabled = $json->get_ascii
113
114       If $enable is true (or missing), then the "encode" method will not
115       generate characters outside the code range 0..127 (which is ASCII). Any
116       Unicode characters outside that range will be escaped using either a
117       single \uXXXX (BMP characters) or a double \uHHHH\uLLLLL escape
118       sequence, as per RFC4627. The resulting encoded JSON text can be
119       treated as a native Unicode string, an ascii-encoded, latin1-encoded or
120       UTF-8 encoded string, or any other superset of ASCII.
121
122       If $enable is false, then the "encode" method will not escape Unicode
123       characters unless required by the JSON syntax or other flags. This
124       results in a faster and more compact format.
125
126       See also the section ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES later in this
127       document.
128
129       The main use for this flag is to produce JSON texts that can be
130       transmitted over a 7-bit channel, as the encoded JSON texts will not
131       contain any 8 bit characters.
132
133         JSON::PP->new->ascii(1)->encode([chr 0x10401])
134         => ["\ud801\udc01"]
135
136   latin1
137           $json = $json->latin1([$enable])
138
139           $enabled = $json->get_latin1
140
141       If $enable is true (or missing), then the "encode" method will encode
142       the resulting JSON text as latin1 (or iso-8859-1), escaping any
143       characters outside the code range 0..255. The resulting string can be
144       treated as a latin1-encoded JSON text or a native Unicode string. The
145       "decode" method will not be affected in any way by this flag, as
146       "decode" by default expects Unicode, which is a strict superset of
147       latin1.
148
149       If $enable is false, then the "encode" method will not escape Unicode
150       characters unless required by the JSON syntax or other flags.
151
152       See also the section ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES later in this
153       document.
154
155       The main use for this flag is efficiently encoding binary data as JSON
156       text, as most octets will not be escaped, resulting in a smaller
157       encoded size. The disadvantage is that the resulting JSON text is
158       encoded in latin1 (and must correctly be treated as such when storing
159       and transferring), a rare encoding for JSON. It is therefore most
160       useful when you want to store data structures known to contain binary
161       data efficiently in files or databases, not when talking to other JSON
162       encoders/decoders.
163
164         JSON::PP->new->latin1->encode (["\x{89}\x{abc}"]
165         => ["\x{89}\\u0abc"]    # (perl syntax, U+abc escaped, U+89 not)
166
167   utf8
168           $json = $json->utf8([$enable])
169
170           $enabled = $json->get_utf8
171
172       If $enable is true (or missing), then the "encode" method will encode
173       the JSON result into UTF-8, as required by many protocols, while the
174       "decode" method expects to be handled an UTF-8-encoded string.  Please
175       note that UTF-8-encoded strings do not contain any characters outside
176       the range 0..255, they are thus useful for bytewise/binary I/O. In
177       future versions, enabling this option might enable autodetection of the
178       UTF-16 and UTF-32 encoding families, as described in RFC4627.
179
180       If $enable is false, then the "encode" method will return the JSON
181       string as a (non-encoded) Unicode string, while "decode" expects thus a
182       Unicode string.  Any decoding or encoding (e.g. to UTF-8 or UTF-16)
183       needs to be done yourself, e.g. using the Encode module.
184
185       See also the section ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES later in this
186       document.
187
188       Example, output UTF-16BE-encoded JSON:
189
190         use Encode;
191         $jsontext = encode "UTF-16BE", JSON::PP->new->encode ($object);
192
193       Example, decode UTF-32LE-encoded JSON:
194
195         use Encode;
196         $object = JSON::PP->new->decode (decode "UTF-32LE", $jsontext);
197
198   pretty
199           $json = $json->pretty([$enable])
200
201       This enables (or disables) all of the "indent", "space_before" and
202       "space_after" (and in the future possibly more) flags in one call to
203       generate the most readable (or most compact) form possible.
204
205   indent
206           $json = $json->indent([$enable])
207
208           $enabled = $json->get_indent
209
210       If $enable is true (or missing), then the "encode" method will use a
211       multiline format as output, putting every array member or object/hash
212       key-value pair into its own line, indenting them properly.
213
214       If $enable is false, no newlines or indenting will be produced, and the
215       resulting JSON text is guaranteed not to contain any "newlines".
216
217       This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts.
218
219       The default indent space length is three.  You can use "indent_length"
220       to change the length.
221
222   space_before
223           $json = $json->space_before([$enable])
224
225           $enabled = $json->get_space_before
226
227       If $enable is true (or missing), then the "encode" method will add an
228       extra optional space before the ":" separating keys from values in JSON
229       objects.
230
231       If $enable is false, then the "encode" method will not add any extra
232       space at those places.
233
234       This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts. You will also most
235       likely combine this setting with "space_after".
236
237       Example, space_before enabled, space_after and indent disabled:
238
239          {"key" :"value"}
240
241   space_after
242           $json = $json->space_after([$enable])
243
244           $enabled = $json->get_space_after
245
246       If $enable is true (or missing), then the "encode" method will add an
247       extra optional space after the ":" separating keys from values in JSON
248       objects and extra whitespace after the "," separating key-value pairs
249       and array members.
250
251       If $enable is false, then the "encode" method will not add any extra
252       space at those places.
253
254       This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts.
255
256       Example, space_before and indent disabled, space_after enabled:
257
258          {"key": "value"}
259
260   relaxed
261           $json = $json->relaxed([$enable])
262
263           $enabled = $json->get_relaxed
264
265       If $enable is true (or missing), then "decode" will accept some
266       extensions to normal JSON syntax (see below). "encode" will not be
267       affected in anyway. Be aware that this option makes you accept invalid
268       JSON texts as if they were valid!. I suggest only to use this option to
269       parse application-specific files written by humans (configuration
270       files, resource files etc.)
271
272       If $enable is false (the default), then "decode" will only accept valid
273       JSON texts.
274
275       Currently accepted extensions are:
276
277       ·   list items can have an end-comma
278
279           JSON separates array elements and key-value pairs with commas. This
280           can be annoying if you write JSON texts manually and want to be
281           able to quickly append elements, so this extension accepts comma at
282           the end of such items not just between them:
283
284              [
285                 1,
286                 2, <- this comma not normally allowed
287              ]
288              {
289                 "k1": "v1",
290                 "k2": "v2", <- this comma not normally allowed
291              }
292
293       ·   shell-style '#'-comments
294
295           Whenever JSON allows whitespace, shell-style comments are
296           additionally allowed. They are terminated by the first carriage-
297           return or line-feed character, after which more white-space and
298           comments are allowed.
299
300             [
301                1, # this comment not allowed in JSON
302                   # neither this one...
303             ]
304
305       ·   C-style multiple-line '/* */'-comments (JSON::PP only)
306
307           Whenever JSON allows whitespace, C-style multiple-line comments are
308           additionally allowed. Everything between "/*" and "*/" is a
309           comment, after which more white-space and comments are allowed.
310
311             [
312                1, /* this comment not allowed in JSON */
313                   /* neither this one... */
314             ]
315
316       ·   C++-style one-line '//'-comments (JSON::PP only)
317
318           Whenever JSON allows whitespace, C++-style one-line comments are
319           additionally allowed. They are terminated by the first carriage-
320           return or line-feed character, after which more white-space and
321           comments are allowed.
322
323             [
324                1, // this comment not allowed in JSON
325                   // neither this one...
326             ]
327
328       ·   literal ASCII TAB characters in strings
329
330           Literal ASCII TAB characters are now allowed in strings (and
331           treated as "\t").
332
333             [
334                "Hello\tWorld",
335                "Hello<TAB>World", # literal <TAB> would not normally be allowed
336             ]
337
338   canonical
339           $json = $json->canonical([$enable])
340
341           $enabled = $json->get_canonical
342
343       If $enable is true (or missing), then the "encode" method will output
344       JSON objects by sorting their keys. This is adding a comparatively high
345       overhead.
346
347       If $enable is false, then the "encode" method will output key-value
348       pairs in the order Perl stores them (which will likely change between
349       runs of the same script, and can change even within the same run from
350       5.18 onwards).
351
352       This option is useful if you want the same data structure to be encoded
353       as the same JSON text (given the same overall settings). If it is
354       disabled, the same hash might be encoded differently even if contains
355       the same data, as key-value pairs have no inherent ordering in Perl.
356
357       This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts.
358
359       This setting has currently no effect on tied hashes.
360
361   allow_nonref
362           $json = $json->allow_nonref([$enable])
363
364           $enabled = $json->get_allow_nonref
365
366       Unlike other boolean options, this opotion is enabled by default
367       beginning with version 4.0.
368
369       If $enable is true (or missing), then the "encode" method can convert a
370       non-reference into its corresponding string, number or null JSON value,
371       which is an extension to RFC4627. Likewise, "decode" will accept those
372       JSON values instead of croaking.
373
374       If $enable is false, then the "encode" method will croak if it isn't
375       passed an arrayref or hashref, as JSON texts must either be an object
376       or array. Likewise, "decode" will croak if given something that is not
377       a JSON object or array.
378
379       Example, encode a Perl scalar as JSON value without enabled
380       "allow_nonref", resulting in an error:
381
382          JSON::PP->new->allow_nonref(0)->encode ("Hello, World!")
383          => hash- or arrayref expected...
384
385   allow_unknown
386           $json = $json->allow_unknown([$enable])
387
388           $enabled = $json->get_allow_unknown
389
390       If $enable is true (or missing), then "encode" will not throw an
391       exception when it encounters values it cannot represent in JSON (for
392       example, filehandles) but instead will encode a JSON "null" value. Note
393       that blessed objects are not included here and are handled separately
394       by c<allow_blessed>.
395
396       If $enable is false (the default), then "encode" will throw an
397       exception when it encounters anything it cannot encode as JSON.
398
399       This option does not affect "decode" in any way, and it is recommended
400       to leave it off unless you know your communications partner.
401
402   allow_blessed
403           $json = $json->allow_blessed([$enable])
404
405           $enabled = $json->get_allow_blessed
406
407       See "OBJECT SERIALISATION" for details.
408
409       If $enable is true (or missing), then the "encode" method will not barf
410       when it encounters a blessed reference that it cannot convert
411       otherwise. Instead, a JSON "null" value is encoded instead of the
412       object.
413
414       If $enable is false (the default), then "encode" will throw an
415       exception when it encounters a blessed object that it cannot convert
416       otherwise.
417
418       This setting has no effect on "decode".
419
420   convert_blessed
421           $json = $json->convert_blessed([$enable])
422
423           $enabled = $json->get_convert_blessed
424
425       See "OBJECT SERIALISATION" for details.
426
427       If $enable is true (or missing), then "encode", upon encountering a
428       blessed object, will check for the availability of the "TO_JSON" method
429       on the object's class. If found, it will be called in scalar context
430       and the resulting scalar will be encoded instead of the object.
431
432       The "TO_JSON" method may safely call die if it wants. If "TO_JSON"
433       returns other blessed objects, those will be handled in the same way.
434       "TO_JSON" must take care of not causing an endless recursion cycle (==
435       crash) in this case. The name of "TO_JSON" was chosen because other
436       methods called by the Perl core (== not by the user of the object) are
437       usually in upper case letters and to avoid collisions with any
438       "to_json" function or method.
439
440       If $enable is false (the default), then "encode" will not consider this
441       type of conversion.
442
443       This setting has no effect on "decode".
444
445   allow_tags
446           $json = $json->allow_tags([$enable])
447
448           $enabled = $json->get_allow_tags
449
450       See "OBJECT SERIALISATION" for details.
451
452       If $enable is true (or missing), then "encode", upon encountering a
453       blessed object, will check for the availability of the "FREEZE" method
454       on the object's class. If found, it will be used to serialise the
455       object into a nonstandard tagged JSON value (that JSON decoders cannot
456       decode).
457
458       It also causes "decode" to parse such tagged JSON values and
459       deserialise them via a call to the "THAW" method.
460
461       If $enable is false (the default), then "encode" will not consider this
462       type of conversion, and tagged JSON values will cause a parse error in
463       "decode", as if tags were not part of the grammar.
464
465   boolean_values
466           $json->boolean_values([$false, $true])
467
468           ($false,  $true) = $json->get_boolean_values
469
470       By default, JSON booleans will be decoded as overloaded
471       $JSON::PP::false and $JSON::PP::true objects.
472
473       With this method you can specify your own boolean values for decoding -
474       on decode, JSON "false" will be decoded as a copy of $false, and JSON
475       "true" will be decoded as $true ("copy" here is the same thing as
476       assigning a value to another variable, i.e. "$copy = $false").
477
478       This is useful when you want to pass a decoded data structure directly
479       to other serialisers like YAML, Data::MessagePack and so on.
480
481       Note that this works only when you "decode". You can set incompatible
482       boolean objects (like boolean), but when you "encode" a data structure
483       with such boolean objects, you still need to enable "convert_blessed"
484       (and add a "TO_JSON" method if necessary).
485
486       Calling this method without any arguments will reset the booleans to
487       their default values.
488
489       "get_boolean_values" will return both $false and $true values, or the
490       empty list when they are set to the default.
491
492   filter_json_object
493           $json = $json->filter_json_object([$coderef])
494
495       When $coderef is specified, it will be called from "decode" each time
496       it decodes a JSON object. The only argument is a reference to the
497       newly-created hash. If the code references returns a single scalar
498       (which need not be a reference), this value (or rather a copy of it) is
499       inserted into the deserialised data structure. If it returns an empty
500       list (NOTE: not "undef", which is a valid scalar), the original
501       deserialised hash will be inserted. This setting can slow down decoding
502       considerably.
503
504       When $coderef is omitted or undefined, any existing callback will be
505       removed and "decode" will not change the deserialised hash in any way.
506
507       Example, convert all JSON objects into the integer 5:
508
509          my $js = JSON::PP->new->filter_json_object(sub { 5 });
510          # returns [5]
511          $js->decode('[{}]');
512          # returns 5
513          $js->decode('{"a":1, "b":2}');
514
515   filter_json_single_key_object
516           $json = $json->filter_json_single_key_object($key [=> $coderef])
517
518       Works remotely similar to "filter_json_object", but is only called for
519       JSON objects having a single key named $key.
520
521       This $coderef is called before the one specified via
522       "filter_json_object", if any. It gets passed the single value in the
523       JSON object. If it returns a single value, it will be inserted into the
524       data structure. If it returns nothing (not even "undef" but the empty
525       list), the callback from "filter_json_object" will be called next, as
526       if no single-key callback were specified.
527
528       If $coderef is omitted or undefined, the corresponding callback will be
529       disabled. There can only ever be one callback for a given key.
530
531       As this callback gets called less often then the "filter_json_object"
532       one, decoding speed will not usually suffer as much. Therefore, single-
533       key objects make excellent targets to serialise Perl objects into,
534       especially as single-key JSON objects are as close to the type-tagged
535       value concept as JSON gets (it's basically an ID/VALUE tuple). Of
536       course, JSON does not support this in any way, so you need to make sure
537       your data never looks like a serialised Perl hash.
538
539       Typical names for the single object key are "__class_whatever__", or
540       "$__dollars_are_rarely_used__$" or "}ugly_brace_placement", or even
541       things like "__class_md5sum(classname)__", to reduce the risk of
542       clashing with real hashes.
543
544       Example, decode JSON objects of the form "{ "__widget__" => <id> }"
545       into the corresponding $WIDGET{<id>} object:
546
547          # return whatever is in $WIDGET{5}:
548          JSON::PP
549             ->new
550             ->filter_json_single_key_object (__widget__ => sub {
551                   $WIDGET{ $_[0] }
552                })
553             ->decode ('{"__widget__": 5')
554
555          # this can be used with a TO_JSON method in some "widget" class
556          # for serialisation to json:
557          sub WidgetBase::TO_JSON {
558             my ($self) = @_;
559
560             unless ($self->{id}) {
561                $self->{id} = ..get..some..id..;
562                $WIDGET{$self->{id}} = $self;
563             }
564
565             { __widget__ => $self->{id} }
566          }
567
568   shrink
569           $json = $json->shrink([$enable])
570
571           $enabled = $json->get_shrink
572
573       If $enable is true (or missing), the string returned by "encode" will
574       be shrunk (i.e. downgraded if possible).
575
576       The actual definition of what shrink does might change in future
577       versions, but it will always try to save space at the expense of time.
578
579       If $enable is false, then JSON::PP does nothing.
580
581   max_depth
582           $json = $json->max_depth([$maximum_nesting_depth])
583
584           $max_depth = $json->get_max_depth
585
586       Sets the maximum nesting level (default 512) accepted while encoding or
587       decoding. If a higher nesting level is detected in JSON text or a Perl
588       data structure, then the encoder and decoder will stop and croak at
589       that point.
590
591       Nesting level is defined by number of hash- or arrayrefs that the
592       encoder needs to traverse to reach a given point or the number of "{"
593       or "[" characters without their matching closing parenthesis crossed to
594       reach a given character in a string.
595
596       Setting the maximum depth to one disallows any nesting, so that ensures
597       that the object is only a single hash/object or array.
598
599       If no argument is given, the highest possible setting will be used,
600       which is rarely useful.
601
602       See "SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS" in JSON::XS for more info on why this is
603       useful.
604
605   max_size
606           $json = $json->max_size([$maximum_string_size])
607
608           $max_size = $json->get_max_size
609
610       Set the maximum length a JSON text may have (in bytes) where decoding
611       is being attempted. The default is 0, meaning no limit. When "decode"
612       is called on a string that is longer then this many bytes, it will not
613       attempt to decode the string but throw an exception. This setting has
614       no effect on "encode" (yet).
615
616       If no argument is given, the limit check will be deactivated (same as
617       when 0 is specified).
618
619       See "SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS" in JSON::XS for more info on why this is
620       useful.
621
622   encode
623           $json_text = $json->encode($perl_scalar)
624
625       Converts the given Perl value or data structure to its JSON
626       representation. Croaks on error.
627
628   decode
629           $perl_scalar = $json->decode($json_text)
630
631       The opposite of "encode": expects a JSON text and tries to parse it,
632       returning the resulting simple scalar or reference. Croaks on error.
633
634   decode_prefix
635           ($perl_scalar, $characters) = $json->decode_prefix($json_text)
636
637       This works like the "decode" method, but instead of raising an
638       exception when there is trailing garbage after the first JSON object,
639       it will silently stop parsing there and return the number of characters
640       consumed so far.
641
642       This is useful if your JSON texts are not delimited by an outer
643       protocol and you need to know where the JSON text ends.
644
645          JSON::PP->new->decode_prefix ("[1] the tail")
646          => ([1], 3)
647

FLAGS FOR JSON::PP ONLY

649       The following flags and properties are for JSON::PP only. If you use
650       any of these, you can't make your application run faster by replacing
651       JSON::PP with JSON::XS. If you need these and also speed boost, you
652       might want to try Cpanel::JSON::XS, a fork of JSON::XS by Reini Urban,
653       which supports some of these (with a different set of
654       incompatibilities). Most of these historical flags are only kept for
655       backward compatibility, and should not be used in a new application.
656
657   allow_singlequote
658           $json = $json->allow_singlequote([$enable])
659           $enabled = $json->get_allow_singlequote
660
661       If $enable is true (or missing), then "decode" will accept invalid JSON
662       texts that contain strings that begin and end with single quotation
663       marks. "encode" will not be affected in any way.  Be aware that this
664       option makes you accept invalid JSON texts as if they were valid!. I
665       suggest only to use this option to parse application-specific files
666       written by humans (configuration files, resource files etc.)
667
668       If $enable is false (the default), then "decode" will only accept valid
669       JSON texts.
670
671           $json->allow_singlequote->decode(qq|{"foo":'bar'}|);
672           $json->allow_singlequote->decode(qq|{'foo':"bar"}|);
673           $json->allow_singlequote->decode(qq|{'foo':'bar'}|);
674
675   allow_barekey
676           $json = $json->allow_barekey([$enable])
677           $enabled = $json->get_allow_barekey
678
679       If $enable is true (or missing), then "decode" will accept invalid JSON
680       texts that contain JSON objects whose names don't begin and end with
681       quotation marks. "encode" will not be affected in any way. Be aware
682       that this option makes you accept invalid JSON texts as if they were
683       valid!. I suggest only to use this option to parse application-specific
684       files written by humans (configuration files, resource files etc.)
685
686       If $enable is false (the default), then "decode" will only accept valid
687       JSON texts.
688
689           $json->allow_barekey->decode(qq|{foo:"bar"}|);
690
691   allow_bignum
692           $json = $json->allow_bignum([$enable])
693           $enabled = $json->get_allow_bignum
694
695       If $enable is true (or missing), then "decode" will convert big
696       integers Perl cannot handle as integer into Math::BigInt objects and
697       convert floating numbers into Math::BigFloat objects. "encode" will
698       convert "Math::BigInt" and "Math::BigFloat" objects into JSON numbers.
699
700          $json->allow_nonref->allow_bignum;
701          $bigfloat = $json->decode('2.000000000000000000000000001');
702          print $json->encode($bigfloat);
703          # => 2.000000000000000000000000001
704
705       See also MAPPING.
706
707   loose
708           $json = $json->loose([$enable])
709           $enabled = $json->get_loose
710
711       If $enable is true (or missing), then "decode" will accept invalid JSON
712       texts that contain unescaped [\x00-\x1f\x22\x5c] characters. "encode"
713       will not be affected in any way.  Be aware that this option makes you
714       accept invalid JSON texts as if they were valid!. I suggest only to use
715       this option to parse application-specific files written by humans
716       (configuration files, resource files etc.)
717
718       If $enable is false (the default), then "decode" will only accept valid
719       JSON texts.
720
721           $json->loose->decode(qq|["abc
722                                          def"]|);
723
724   escape_slash
725           $json = $json->escape_slash([$enable])
726           $enabled = $json->get_escape_slash
727
728       If $enable is true (or missing), then "encode" will explicitly escape
729       slash (solidus; "U+002F") characters to reduce the risk of XSS (cross
730       site scripting) that may be caused by "</script>" in a JSON text, with
731       the cost of bloating the size of JSON texts.
732
733       This option may be useful when you embed JSON in HTML, but embedding
734       arbitrary JSON in HTML (by some HTML template toolkit or by string
735       interpolation) is risky in general. You must escape necessary
736       characters in correct order, depending on the context.
737
738       "decode" will not be affected in any way.
739
740   indent_length
741           $json = $json->indent_length($number_of_spaces)
742           $length = $json->get_indent_length
743
744       This option is only useful when you also enable "indent" or "pretty".
745
746       JSON::XS indents with three spaces when you "encode" (if requested by
747       "indent" or "pretty"), and the number cannot be changed.  JSON::PP
748       allows you to change/get the number of indent spaces with these
749       mutator/accessor. The default number of spaces is three (the same as
750       JSON::XS), and the acceptable range is from 0 (no indentation; it'd be
751       better to disable indentation by indent(0)) to 15.
752
753   sort_by
754           $json = $json->sort_by($code_ref)
755           $json = $json->sort_by($subroutine_name)
756
757       If you just want to sort keys (names) in JSON objects when you
758       "encode", enable "canonical" option (see above) that allows you to sort
759       object keys alphabetically.
760
761       If you do need to sort non-alphabetically for whatever reasons, you can
762       give a code reference (or a subroutine name) to "sort_by", then the
763       argument will be passed to Perl's "sort" built-in function.
764
765       As the sorting is done in the JSON::PP scope, you usually need to
766       prepend "JSON::PP::" to the subroutine name, and the special variables
767       $a and $b used in the subrontine used by "sort" function.
768
769       Example:
770
771          my %ORDER = (id => 1, class => 2, name => 3);
772          $json->sort_by(sub {
773              ($ORDER{$JSON::PP::a} // 999) <=> ($ORDER{$JSON::PP::b} // 999)
774              or $JSON::PP::a cmp $JSON::PP::b
775          });
776          print $json->encode([
777              {name => 'CPAN', id => 1, href => 'http://cpan.org'}
778          ]);
779          # [{"id":1,"name":"CPAN","href":"http://cpan.org"}]
780
781       Note that "sort_by" affects all the plain hashes in the data structure.
782       If you need finer control, "tie" necessary hashes with a module that
783       implements ordered hash (such as Hash::Ordered and Tie::IxHash).
784       "canonical" and "sort_by" don't affect the key order in "tie"d hashes.
785
786          use Hash::Ordered;
787          tie my %hash, 'Hash::Ordered',
788              (name => 'CPAN', id => 1, href => 'http://cpan.org');
789          print $json->encode([\%hash]);
790          # [{"name":"CPAN","id":1,"href":"http://cpan.org"}] # order is kept
791

INCREMENTAL PARSING

793       This section is also taken from JSON::XS.
794
795       In some cases, there is the need for incremental parsing of JSON texts.
796       While this module always has to keep both JSON text and resulting Perl
797       data structure in memory at one time, it does allow you to parse a JSON
798       stream incrementally. It does so by accumulating text until it has a
799       full JSON object, which it then can decode. This process is similar to
800       using "decode_prefix" to see if a full JSON object is available, but is
801       much more efficient (and can be implemented with a minimum of method
802       calls).
803
804       JSON::PP will only attempt to parse the JSON text once it is sure it
805       has enough text to get a decisive result, using a very simple but truly
806       incremental parser. This means that it sometimes won't stop as early as
807       the full parser, for example, it doesn't detect mismatched parentheses.
808       The only thing it guarantees is that it starts decoding as soon as a
809       syntactically valid JSON text has been seen. This means you need to set
810       resource limits (e.g. "max_size") to ensure the parser will stop
811       parsing in the presence if syntax errors.
812
813       The following methods implement this incremental parser.
814
815   incr_parse
816           $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # void context
817
818           $obj_or_undef = $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # scalar context
819
820           @obj_or_empty = $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # list context
821
822       This is the central parsing function. It can both append new text and
823       extract objects from the stream accumulated so far (both of these
824       functions are optional).
825
826       If $string is given, then this string is appended to the already
827       existing JSON fragment stored in the $json object.
828
829       After that, if the function is called in void context, it will simply
830       return without doing anything further. This can be used to add more
831       text in as many chunks as you want.
832
833       If the method is called in scalar context, then it will try to extract
834       exactly one JSON object. If that is successful, it will return this
835       object, otherwise it will return "undef". If there is a parse error,
836       this method will croak just as "decode" would do (one can then use
837       "incr_skip" to skip the erroneous part). This is the most common way of
838       using the method.
839
840       And finally, in list context, it will try to extract as many objects
841       from the stream as it can find and return them, or the empty list
842       otherwise. For this to work, there must be no separators (other than
843       whitespace) between the JSON objects or arrays, instead they must be
844       concatenated back-to-back. If an error occurs, an exception will be
845       raised as in the scalar context case. Note that in this case, any
846       previously-parsed JSON texts will be lost.
847
848       Example: Parse some JSON arrays/objects in a given string and return
849       them.
850
851           my @objs = JSON::PP->new->incr_parse ("[5][7][1,2]");
852
853   incr_text
854           $lvalue_string = $json->incr_text
855
856       This method returns the currently stored JSON fragment as an lvalue,
857       that is, you can manipulate it. This only works when a preceding call
858       to "incr_parse" in scalar context successfully returned an object.
859       Under all other circumstances you must not call this function (I mean
860       it.  although in simple tests it might actually work, it will fail
861       under real world conditions). As a special exception, you can also call
862       this method before having parsed anything.
863
864       That means you can only use this function to look at or manipulate text
865       before or after complete JSON objects, not while the parser is in the
866       middle of parsing a JSON object.
867
868       This function is useful in two cases: a) finding the trailing text
869       after a JSON object or b) parsing multiple JSON objects separated by
870       non-JSON text (such as commas).
871
872   incr_skip
873           $json->incr_skip
874
875       This will reset the state of the incremental parser and will remove the
876       parsed text from the input buffer so far. This is useful after
877       "incr_parse" died, in which case the input buffer and incremental
878       parser state is left unchanged, to skip the text parsed so far and to
879       reset the parse state.
880
881       The difference to "incr_reset" is that only text until the parse error
882       occurred is removed.
883
884   incr_reset
885           $json->incr_reset
886
887       This completely resets the incremental parser, that is, after this
888       call, it will be as if the parser had never parsed anything.
889
890       This is useful if you want to repeatedly parse JSON objects and want to
891       ignore any trailing data, which means you have to reset the parser
892       after each successful decode.
893

MAPPING

895       Most of this section is also taken from JSON::XS.
896
897       This section describes how JSON::PP maps Perl values to JSON values and
898       vice versa. These mappings are designed to "do the right thing" in most
899       circumstances automatically, preserving round-tripping characteristics
900       (what you put in comes out as something equivalent).
901
902       For the more enlightened: note that in the following descriptions,
903       lowercase perl refers to the Perl interpreter, while uppercase Perl
904       refers to the abstract Perl language itself.
905
906   JSON -> PERL
907       object
908           A JSON object becomes a reference to a hash in Perl. No ordering of
909           object keys is preserved (JSON does not preserve object key
910           ordering itself).
911
912       array
913           A JSON array becomes a reference to an array in Perl.
914
915       string
916           A JSON string becomes a string scalar in Perl - Unicode codepoints
917           in JSON are represented by the same codepoints in the Perl string,
918           so no manual decoding is necessary.
919
920       number
921           A JSON number becomes either an integer, numeric (floating point)
922           or string scalar in perl, depending on its range and any fractional
923           parts. On the Perl level, there is no difference between those as
924           Perl handles all the conversion details, but an integer may take
925           slightly less memory and might represent more values exactly than
926           floating point numbers.
927
928           If the number consists of digits only, JSON::PP will try to
929           represent it as an integer value. If that fails, it will try to
930           represent it as a numeric (floating point) value if that is
931           possible without loss of precision. Otherwise it will preserve the
932           number as a string value (in which case you lose roundtripping
933           ability, as the JSON number will be re-encoded to a JSON string).
934
935           Numbers containing a fractional or exponential part will always be
936           represented as numeric (floating point) values, possibly at a loss
937           of precision (in which case you might lose perfect roundtripping
938           ability, but the JSON number will still be re-encoded as a JSON
939           number).
940
941           Note that precision is not accuracy - binary floating point values
942           cannot represent most decimal fractions exactly, and when
943           converting from and to floating point, JSON::PP only guarantees
944           precision up to but not including the least significant bit.
945
946           When "allow_bignum" is enabled, big integer values and any numeric
947           values will be converted into Math::BigInt and Math::BigFloat
948           objects respectively, without becoming string scalars or losing
949           precision.
950
951       true, false
952           These JSON atoms become "JSON::PP::true" and "JSON::PP::false",
953           respectively. They are overloaded to act almost exactly like the
954           numbers 1 and 0. You can check whether a scalar is a JSON boolean
955           by using the "JSON::PP::is_bool" function.
956
957       null
958           A JSON null atom becomes "undef" in Perl.
959
960       shell-style comments ("# text")
961           As a nonstandard extension to the JSON syntax that is enabled by
962           the "relaxed" setting, shell-style comments are allowed. They can
963           start anywhere outside strings and go till the end of the line.
964
965       tagged values ("(tag)value").
966           Another nonstandard extension to the JSON syntax, enabled with the
967           "allow_tags" setting, are tagged values. In this implementation,
968           the tag must be a perl package/class name encoded as a JSON string,
969           and the value must be a JSON array encoding optional constructor
970           arguments.
971
972           See "OBJECT SERIALISATION", below, for details.
973
974   PERL -> JSON
975       The mapping from Perl to JSON is slightly more difficult, as Perl is a
976       truly typeless language, so we can only guess which JSON type is meant
977       by a Perl value.
978
979       hash references
980           Perl hash references become JSON objects. As there is no inherent
981           ordering in hash keys (or JSON objects), they will usually be
982           encoded in a pseudo-random order. JSON::PP can optionally sort the
983           hash keys (determined by the canonical flag and/or sort_by
984           property), so the same data structure will serialise to the same
985           JSON text (given same settings and version of JSON::PP), but this
986           incurs a runtime overhead and is only rarely useful, e.g. when you
987           want to compare some JSON text against another for equality.
988
989       array references
990           Perl array references become JSON arrays.
991
992       other references
993           Other unblessed references are generally not allowed and will cause
994           an exception to be thrown, except for references to the integers 0
995           and 1, which get turned into "false" and "true" atoms in JSON. You
996           can also use "JSON::PP::false" and "JSON::PP::true" to improve
997           readability.
998
999              to_json [\0, JSON::PP::true]      # yields [false,true]
1000
1001       JSON::PP::true, JSON::PP::false
1002           These special values become JSON true and JSON false values,
1003           respectively. You can also use "\1" and "\0" directly if you want.
1004
1005       JSON::PP::null
1006           This special value becomes JSON null.
1007
1008       blessed objects
1009           Blessed objects are not directly representable in JSON, but
1010           "JSON::PP" allows various ways of handling objects. See "OBJECT
1011           SERIALISATION", below, for details.
1012
1013       simple scalars
1014           Simple Perl scalars (any scalar that is not a reference) are the
1015           most difficult objects to encode: JSON::PP will encode undefined
1016           scalars as JSON "null" values, scalars that have last been used in
1017           a string context before encoding as JSON strings, and anything else
1018           as number value:
1019
1020              # dump as number
1021              encode_json [2]                      # yields [2]
1022              encode_json [-3.0e17]                # yields [-3e+17]
1023              my $value = 5; encode_json [$value]  # yields [5]
1024
1025              # used as string, so dump as string
1026              print $value;
1027              encode_json [$value]                 # yields ["5"]
1028
1029              # undef becomes null
1030              encode_json [undef]                  # yields [null]
1031
1032           You can force the type to be a JSON string by stringifying it:
1033
1034              my $x = 3.1; # some variable containing a number
1035              "$x";        # stringified
1036              $x .= "";    # another, more awkward way to stringify
1037              print $x;    # perl does it for you, too, quite often
1038                           # (but for older perls)
1039
1040           You can force the type to be a JSON number by numifying it:
1041
1042              my $x = "3"; # some variable containing a string
1043              $x += 0;     # numify it, ensuring it will be dumped as a number
1044              $x *= 1;     # same thing, the choice is yours.
1045
1046           You can not currently force the type in other, less obscure, ways.
1047
1048           Since version 2.91_01, JSON::PP uses a different number detection
1049           logic that converts a scalar that is possible to turn into a number
1050           safely.  The new logic is slightly faster, and tends to help people
1051           who use older perl or who want to encode complicated data
1052           structure. However, this may results in a different JSON text from
1053           the one JSON::XS encodes (and thus may break tests that compare
1054           entire JSON texts). If you do need the previous behavior for
1055           compatibility or for finer control, set PERL_JSON_PP_USE_B
1056           environmental variable to true before you "use" JSON::PP (or
1057           JSON.pm).
1058
1059           Note that numerical precision has the same meaning as under Perl
1060           (so binary to decimal conversion follows the same rules as in Perl,
1061           which can differ to other languages). Also, your perl interpreter
1062           might expose extensions to the floating point numbers of your
1063           platform, such as infinities or NaN's - these cannot be represented
1064           in JSON, and it is an error to pass those in.
1065
1066           JSON::PP (and JSON::XS) trusts what you pass to "encode" method (or
1067           "encode_json" function) is a clean, validated data structure with
1068           values that can be represented as valid JSON values only, because
1069           it's not from an external data source (as opposed to JSON texts you
1070           pass to "decode" or "decode_json", which JSON::PP considers tainted
1071           and doesn't trust). As JSON::PP doesn't know exactly what you and
1072           consumers of your JSON texts want the unexpected values to be (you
1073           may want to convert them into null, or to stringify them with or
1074           without normalisation (string representation of infinities/NaN may
1075           vary depending on platforms), or to croak without conversion),
1076           you're advised to do what you and your consumers need before you
1077           encode, and also not to numify values that may start with values
1078           that look like a number (including infinities/NaN), without
1079           validating.
1080
1081   OBJECT SERIALISATION
1082       As JSON cannot directly represent Perl objects, you have to choose
1083       between a pure JSON representation (without the ability to deserialise
1084       the object automatically again), and a nonstandard extension to the
1085       JSON syntax, tagged values.
1086
1087       SERIALISATION
1088
1089       What happens when "JSON::PP" encounters a Perl object depends on the
1090       "allow_blessed", "convert_blessed", "allow_tags" and "allow_bignum"
1091       settings, which are used in this order:
1092
1093       1. "allow_tags" is enabled and the object has a "FREEZE" method.
1094           In this case, "JSON::PP" creates a tagged JSON value, using a
1095           nonstandard extension to the JSON syntax.
1096
1097           This works by invoking the "FREEZE" method on the object, with the
1098           first argument being the object to serialise, and the second
1099           argument being the constant string "JSON" to distinguish it from
1100           other serialisers.
1101
1102           The "FREEZE" method can return any number of values (i.e. zero or
1103           more). These values and the paclkage/classname of the object will
1104           then be encoded as a tagged JSON value in the following format:
1105
1106              ("classname")[FREEZE return values...]
1107
1108           e.g.:
1109
1110              ("URI")["http://www.google.com/"]
1111              ("MyDate")[2013,10,29]
1112              ("ImageData::JPEG")["Z3...VlCg=="]
1113
1114           For example, the hypothetical "My::Object" "FREEZE" method might
1115           use the objects "type" and "id" members to encode the object:
1116
1117              sub My::Object::FREEZE {
1118                 my ($self, $serialiser) = @_;
1119
1120                 ($self->{type}, $self->{id})
1121              }
1122
1123       2. "convert_blessed" is enabled and the object has a "TO_JSON" method.
1124           In this case, the "TO_JSON" method of the object is invoked in
1125           scalar context. It must return a single scalar that can be directly
1126           encoded into JSON. This scalar replaces the object in the JSON
1127           text.
1128
1129           For example, the following "TO_JSON" method will convert all URI
1130           objects to JSON strings when serialised. The fact that these values
1131           originally were URI objects is lost.
1132
1133              sub URI::TO_JSON {
1134                 my ($uri) = @_;
1135                 $uri->as_string
1136              }
1137
1138       3. "allow_bignum" is enabled and the object is a "Math::BigInt" or
1139       "Math::BigFloat".
1140           The object will be serialised as a JSON number value.
1141
1142       4. "allow_blessed" is enabled.
1143           The object will be serialised as a JSON null value.
1144
1145       5. none of the above
1146           If none of the settings are enabled or the respective methods are
1147           missing, "JSON::PP" throws an exception.
1148
1149       DESERIALISATION
1150
1151       For deserialisation there are only two cases to consider: either
1152       nonstandard tagging was used, in which case "allow_tags" decides, or
1153       objects cannot be automatically be deserialised, in which case you can
1154       use postprocessing or the "filter_json_object" or
1155       "filter_json_single_key_object" callbacks to get some real objects our
1156       of your JSON.
1157
1158       This section only considers the tagged value case: a tagged JSON object
1159       is encountered during decoding and "allow_tags" is disabled, a parse
1160       error will result (as if tagged values were not part of the grammar).
1161
1162       If "allow_tags" is enabled, "JSON::PP" will look up the "THAW" method
1163       of the package/classname used during serialisation (it will not attempt
1164       to load the package as a Perl module). If there is no such method, the
1165       decoding will fail with an error.
1166
1167       Otherwise, the "THAW" method is invoked with the classname as first
1168       argument, the constant string "JSON" as second argument, and all the
1169       values from the JSON array (the values originally returned by the
1170       "FREEZE" method) as remaining arguments.
1171
1172       The method must then return the object. While technically you can
1173       return any Perl scalar, you might have to enable the "allow_nonref"
1174       setting to make that work in all cases, so better return an actual
1175       blessed reference.
1176
1177       As an example, let's implement a "THAW" function that regenerates the
1178       "My::Object" from the "FREEZE" example earlier:
1179
1180          sub My::Object::THAW {
1181             my ($class, $serialiser, $type, $id) = @_;
1182
1183             $class->new (type => $type, id => $id)
1184          }
1185

ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES

1187       This section is taken from JSON::XS.
1188
1189       The interested reader might have seen a number of flags that signify
1190       encodings or codesets - "utf8", "latin1" and "ascii". There seems to be
1191       some confusion on what these do, so here is a short comparison:
1192
1193       "utf8" controls whether the JSON text created by "encode" (and expected
1194       by "decode") is UTF-8 encoded or not, while "latin1" and "ascii" only
1195       control whether "encode" escapes character values outside their
1196       respective codeset range. Neither of these flags conflict with each
1197       other, although some combinations make less sense than others.
1198
1199       Care has been taken to make all flags symmetrical with respect to
1200       "encode" and "decode", that is, texts encoded with any combination of
1201       these flag values will be correctly decoded when the same flags are
1202       used - in general, if you use different flag settings while encoding
1203       vs. when decoding you likely have a bug somewhere.
1204
1205       Below comes a verbose discussion of these flags. Note that a "codeset"
1206       is simply an abstract set of character-codepoint pairs, while an
1207       encoding takes those codepoint numbers and encodes them, in our case
1208       into octets. Unicode is (among other things) a codeset, UTF-8 is an
1209       encoding, and ISO-8859-1 (= latin 1) and ASCII are both codesets and
1210       encodings at the same time, which can be confusing.
1211
1212       "utf8" flag disabled
1213           When "utf8" is disabled (the default), then "encode"/"decode"
1214           generate and expect Unicode strings, that is, characters with high
1215           ordinal Unicode values (> 255) will be encoded as such characters,
1216           and likewise such characters are decoded as-is, no changes to them
1217           will be done, except "(re-)interpreting" them as Unicode codepoints
1218           or Unicode characters, respectively (to Perl, these are the same
1219           thing in strings unless you do funny/weird/dumb stuff).
1220
1221           This is useful when you want to do the encoding yourself (e.g. when
1222           you want to have UTF-16 encoded JSON texts) or when some other
1223           layer does the encoding for you (for example, when printing to a
1224           terminal using a filehandle that transparently encodes to UTF-8 you
1225           certainly do NOT want to UTF-8 encode your data first and have Perl
1226           encode it another time).
1227
1228       "utf8" flag enabled
1229           If the "utf8"-flag is enabled, "encode"/"decode" will encode all
1230           characters using the corresponding UTF-8 multi-byte sequence, and
1231           will expect your input strings to be encoded as UTF-8, that is, no
1232           "character" of the input string must have any value > 255, as UTF-8
1233           does not allow that.
1234
1235           The "utf8" flag therefore switches between two modes: disabled
1236           means you will get a Unicode string in Perl, enabled means you get
1237           an UTF-8 encoded octet/binary string in Perl.
1238
1239       "latin1" or "ascii" flags enabled
1240           With "latin1" (or "ascii") enabled, "encode" will escape characters
1241           with ordinal values > 255 (> 127 with "ascii") and encode the
1242           remaining characters as specified by the "utf8" flag.
1243
1244           If "utf8" is disabled, then the result is also correctly encoded in
1245           those character sets (as both are proper subsets of Unicode,
1246           meaning that a Unicode string with all character values < 256 is
1247           the same thing as a ISO-8859-1 string, and a Unicode string with
1248           all character values < 128 is the same thing as an ASCII string in
1249           Perl).
1250
1251           If "utf8" is enabled, you still get a correct UTF-8-encoded string,
1252           regardless of these flags, just some more characters will be
1253           escaped using "\uXXXX" then before.
1254
1255           Note that ISO-8859-1-encoded strings are not compatible with UTF-8
1256           encoding, while ASCII-encoded strings are. That is because the
1257           ISO-8859-1 encoding is NOT a subset of UTF-8 (despite the
1258           ISO-8859-1 codeset being a subset of Unicode), while ASCII is.
1259
1260           Surprisingly, "decode" will ignore these flags and so treat all
1261           input values as governed by the "utf8" flag. If it is disabled,
1262           this allows you to decode ISO-8859-1- and ASCII-encoded strings, as
1263           both strict subsets of Unicode. If it is enabled, you can correctly
1264           decode UTF-8 encoded strings.
1265
1266           So neither "latin1" nor "ascii" are incompatible with the "utf8"
1267           flag - they only govern when the JSON output engine escapes a
1268           character or not.
1269
1270           The main use for "latin1" is to relatively efficiently store binary
1271           data as JSON, at the expense of breaking compatibility with most
1272           JSON decoders.
1273
1274           The main use for "ascii" is to force the output to not contain
1275           characters with values > 127, which means you can interpret the
1276           resulting string as UTF-8, ISO-8859-1, ASCII, KOI8-R or most about
1277           any character set and 8-bit-encoding, and still get the same data
1278           structure back. This is useful when your channel for JSON transfer
1279           is not 8-bit clean or the encoding might be mangled in between
1280           (e.g. in mail), and works because ASCII is a proper subset of most
1281           8-bit and multibyte encodings in use in the world.
1282

BUGS

1284       Please report bugs on a specific behavior of this module to RT or
1285       GitHub issues (preferred):
1286
1287       <https://github.com/makamaka/JSON-PP/issues>
1288
1289       <https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Queue=JSON-PP>
1290
1291       As for new features and requests to change common behaviors, please ask
1292       the author of JSON::XS (Marc Lehmann, <schmorp[at]schmorp.de>) first,
1293       by email (important!), to keep compatibility among JSON.pm backends.
1294
1295       Generally speaking, if you need something special for you, you are
1296       advised to create a new module, maybe based on JSON::Tiny, which is
1297       smaller and written in a much cleaner way than this module.
1298

SEE ALSO

1300       The json_pp command line utility for quick experiments.
1301
1302       JSON::XS, Cpanel::JSON::XS, and JSON::Tiny for faster alternatives.
1303       JSON and JSON::MaybeXS for easy migration.
1304
1305       JSON::backportPP::Compat5005 and JSON::backportPP::Compat5006 for older
1306       perl users.
1307
1308       RFC4627 (<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt>)
1309
1310       RFC7159 (<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc7159.txt>)
1311
1312       RFC8259 (<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc8259.txt>)
1313

AUTHOR

1315       Makamaka Hannyaharamitu, <makamaka[at]cpan.org>
1316

CURRENT MAINTAINER

1318       Kenichi Ishigaki, <ishigaki[at]cpan.org>
1319
1321       Copyright 2007-2016 by Makamaka Hannyaharamitu
1322
1323       Most of the documentation is taken from JSON::XS by Marc Lehmann
1324
1325       This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
1326       under the same terms as Perl itself.
1327
1328
1329
1330perl v5.32.0                      2020-07-28               JSON::backportPP(3)
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