1DEBOOTSTRAP(8)              Debian GNU/Linux manual             DEBOOTSTRAP(8)
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NAME

6       debootstrap - Bootstrap a basic Debian system
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SYNOPSIS

9       debootstrap [OPTION...]  SUITE TARGET [MIRROR [SCRIPT]]
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11       debootstrap [OPTION...]  --second-stage
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DESCRIPTION

14       debootstrap  bootstraps a basic Debian system of SUITE into TARGET from
15       MIRROR by running SCRIPT.  MIRROR can be an http:// or https:// URL,  a
16       file:/// URL, or an ssh:/// URL.
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18       The  SUITE  may  be a release code name (eg, sid, stretch, jessie) or a
19       symbolic name (eg, unstable, testing, stable, oldstable)
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21       Notice that file:/ URLs are translated to file:/// (correct  scheme  as
22       described  in  RFC1738 for local filenames), and file:// will not work.
23       ssh://USER@HOST/PATH URLs are retrieved using scp; use of ssh-agent  or
24       similar is strongly recommended.
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26       Debootstrap  can be used to install Debian in a system without using an
27       installation disk but can also be used to run a different Debian flavor
28       in  a  chroot  environment.   This  way you can create a full (minimal)
29       Debian installation which can be used for  testing  purposes  (see  the
30       EXAMPLES  section).   If  you  are looking for a chroot system to build
31       packages please take a look at pbuilder.
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OPTIONS

34       --arch=ARCH
35              Set the target architecture (use if dpkg isn't installed).   See
36              also --foreign.
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38       --include=alpha,beta
39              Comma separated list of packages which will be added to download
40              and extract lists.
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42       --exclude=alpha,beta
43              Comma separated list of packages  which  will  be  removed  from
44              download  and extract lists.  WARNING: you can and probably will
45              exclude essential packages, be careful using this option.
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47       --extra-suites=alpha,beta
48              Also use packages from the listed suites of the archive.
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50       --components=alpha,beta
51              Use packages from the listed components of the archive.
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53       --no-resolve-deps
54              By default, debootstrap will attempt  to  automatically  resolve
55              any  missing  dependencies, warning if any are found.  Note that
56              this is not a complete dependency resolve in the sense  of  dpkg
57              or  apt,  and  that  it is far better to specify the entire base
58              system than rely on this option.  With this option set, this be‐
59              haviour is disabled.
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61       --log-extra-deps
62              If  you  want  to  record additional dependencies when resolving
63              package dependencies, set this  option  to  track  them  through
64              debootstrap.log.
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66       --variant=minbase|buildd|fakechroot
67              Name  of  the  bootstrap  script variant to use.  Currently, the
68              variants supported are minbase,  which  only  includes  required
69              packages  and  apt;  buildd,  which installs the build-essential
70              packages and fakechroot, which  installs  the  packages  without
71              root  privileges.  The default, with no --variant=X argument, is
72              to create a base Debian installation with all packages of prior‐
73              ity required and important, including apt.
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75       --merged-usr
76              Create  /{bin,sbin,lib}/ symlinks pointing to their counterparts
77              in /usr/.  (Default for most variants.)
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79       --no-merged-usr
80              Do not create /{bin,sbin,lib}/ symlinks pointing to their  coun‐
81              terparts in /usr/.  (Default for the buildd variant.)
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83       --keyring=KEYRING
84              Override  the  default  keyring for the distribution being boot‐
85              strapped, and use  KEYRING  to  check  signatures  of  retrieved
86              Release files.
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88       --no-check-gpg
89              Disables checking gpg signatures of retrieved Release files.
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91       --force-check-gpg
92              Forces  checking  Release  file  signatures, disabling automatic
93              fallback to HTTPS in case of  a  missing  keyring.  Incompatible
94              with the previous option.
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96       --verbose
97              Produce more info about downloading.
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99       --print-debs
100              Print  the  packages  to  be  installed, and exit.  Note that an
101              empty or non-existing TARGET directory must be specified so that
102              debootstrap can download Packages files to determine which pack‐
103              ages should be installed, and to resolve dependencies. The  TAR‐
104              GET  directory  will be deleted unless --keep-debootstrap-dir is
105              specified.
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107       --download-only
108              Download packages, but don't perform installation.
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110       --foreign
111              Do the initial unpack phase of bootstrapping only,  for  example
112              if the target architecture does not match the host architecture.
113              A copy of debootstrap sufficient for  completing  the  bootstrap
114              process  will  be  installed  as /debootstrap/debootstrap in the
115              target filesystem.  You  can  run  it  with  the  --second-stage
116              option to complete the bootstrapping process.
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118       --second-stage
119              Complete  the bootstrapping process.  Other arguments are gener‐
120              ally not needed.
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122       --second-stage-target=DIR
123              Run second stage in a subdirectory instead of root. (can be used
124              to create a foreign chroot) (requires --second-stage)
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126       --keep-debootstrap-dir
127              Don't delete the /debootstrap directory in the target after com‐
128              pleting the installation.
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130       --cache-dir=DIR
131              Cache .deb files under directory. It should be an absolute path.
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133       --unpack-tarball=FILE
134              Acquire .debs from gzipped tarball FILE (specified with absolute
135              path) instead of downloading via HTTP(S).
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137       --make-tarball=FILE
138              Instead  of  bootstrapping,  make  a gzipped tarball (written to
139              FILE) of the downloaded packages.  The resulting tarball may  be
140              passed  to a later --unpack-tarball.  Note that an empty or non-
141              existing TARGET directory must be specified so that  debootstrap
142              can  download packages to prepare the tarball. The TARGET direc‐
143              tory will be deleted unless --keep-debootstrap-dir is specified.
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145       --debian-installer
146              Used for internal purposes by the debian-installer
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148       --extractor=TYPE
149              Override automatic .deb extractor selection to TYPE.   Supported
150              extractors are: dpkg-deb and ar.
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152       --no-check-certificate
153              Do not check certificate against certificate authorities
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155       --certificate=FILE
156              Use the client certificate stored in file (PEM)
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158       --private-key=FILE
159              Read the private key from file
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EXAMPLES

163       To setup a stretch system:
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165            debootstrap stretch ./stretch-chroot http://deb.debian.org/debian
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167            debootstrap stretch ./stretch-chroot file:///LOCAL_MIRROR/debian
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169       Full process to create a complete Debian installation of sid (unstable)
170       in a chroot:
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172            main # debootstrap sid sid-root http://deb.debian.org/debian/
173            [ ... watch it download the whole system ]
174            main # echo "proc sid-root/proc proc defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
175            main # mount proc sid-root/proc -t proc
176            main # echo "sysfs sid-root/sys sysfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
177            main # mount sysfs sid-root/sys -t sysfs
178            main # cp /etc/hosts sid-root/etc/hosts
179            main # chroot sid-root /bin/bash
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AUTHOR

182       debootstrap was written by Anthony Towns <ajt@debian.org>.   This  man‐
183       page was written by Matt Kraai <kraai@debian.org>.
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187Debian Project                    2001-04-27                    DEBOOTSTRAP(8)
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