1Net::Server(3)        User Contributed Perl Documentation       Net::Server(3)
2
3
4

NAME

6       Net::Server - Extensible, general Perl server engine
7

SYNOPSIS

9           #!/usr/bin/perl -w -T
10           package MyPackage;
11
12           use base qw(Net::Server);
13
14           sub process_request {
15               my $self = shift;
16               while (<STDIN>) {
17                   s/[\r\n]+$//;
18                   print "You said '$_'\015\012"; # basic echo
19                   last if /quit/i;
20               }
21           }
22
23           MyPackage->run(port => 160, ipv => '*');
24
25
26           # one liner to get going quickly
27           perl -e 'use base qw(Net::Server); main->run(port => 20208)'
28
29           NOTE: beginning in Net::Server 2.005, the default value for
30                 ipv is IPv* meaning that if no host is passed, or
31                 a hostname is past, any available IPv4 and IPv6 sockets will be
32                 bound.  You can force IPv4 only by adding an ipv => 4
33                 configuration in any of the half dozen ways we let you
34                 specify it.
35

FEATURES

37           * Full IPv6 support
38           * Working SSL sockets and https (both with and without IO::Socket::SSL)
39           * Single Server Mode
40           * Inetd Server Mode
41           * Preforking Simple Mode (PreForkSimple)
42           * Preforking Managed Mode (PreFork)
43           * Forking Mode
44           * Multiplexing Mode using a single process
45           * Multi port accepts on Single, Preforking, and Forking modes
46           * Basic HTTP Daemon (supports IPv6, SSL, full apache style logs)
47           * Basic PSGI Daemon
48           * Simultaneous accept/recv on tcp/udp/unix, ssl/tcp, and IPv4/IPv6 sockets
49           * Safe signal handling in Fork/PreFork avoids perl signal trouble
50           * User customizable hooks
51           * Chroot ability after bind
52           * Change of user and group after bind
53           * Basic allow/deny access control
54           * Pluggable logging (Sys::Syslog, Log::Log4perl, log_file, STDERR, or your own)
55           * HUP able server (clean restarts via sig HUP)
56           * Graceful shutdowns (via sig QUIT)
57           * Hot deploy in Fork and PreFork modes (via sig TTIN and TTOU)
58           * Dequeue ability in all Fork and PreFork modes.
59           * Taint clean
60           * Written in Perl
61           * Protection against buffer overflow
62           * Clean process flow
63           * Extensibility
64

DESCRIPTION

66       "Net::Server" is an extensible, generic Perl server engine.
67
68       "Net::Server" attempts to be a generic server as in "Net::Daemon" and
69       "NetServer::Generic".  It includes with it the ability to run as an
70       inetd process ("Net::Server::INET"), a single connection server
71       ("Net::Server" or "Net::Server::Single"), a forking server
72       ("Net::Server::Fork"), a preforking server which maintains a constant
73       number of preforked children ("Net::Server::PreForkSimple"), or as a
74       managed preforking server which maintains the number of children based
75       on server load ("Net::Server::PreFork").  In all but the inetd type,
76       the server provides the ability to connect to one or to multiple server
77       ports.
78
79       The additional server types are made possible via "personalities" or
80       sub classes of the "Net::Server".  By moving the multiple types of
81       servers out of the main "Net::Server" class, the "Net::Server" concept
82       is easily extended to other types (in the near future, we would like to
83       add a "Thread" personality).
84
85       "Net::Server" borrows several concepts from the Apache Webserver.
86       "Net::Server" uses "hooks" to allow custom servers such as SMTP, HTTP,
87       POP3, etc. to be layered over the base "Net::Server" class.  In
88       addition the "Net::Server::PreFork" class borrows concepts of
89       min_start_servers, max_servers, and min_waiting servers.
90       "Net::Server::PreFork" also uses the concept of an flock serialized
91       accept when accepting on multiple ports (PreFork can choose between
92       flock, IPC::Semaphore, and pipe to control serialization).
93

PERSONALITIES

95       "Net::Server" is built around a common class (Net::Server) and is
96       extended using sub classes, or "personalities".  Each personality
97       inherits, overrides, or enhances the base methods of the base class.
98
99       Included with the Net::Server package are several basic personalities,
100       each of which has their own use.
101
102       Fork
103           Found in the module Net/Server/Fork.pm (see Net::Server::Fork).
104           This server binds to one or more ports and then waits for a
105           connection.  When a client request is received, the parent forks a
106           child, which then handles the client and exits.  This is good for
107           moderately hit services.
108
109       INET
110           Found in the module Net/Server/INET.pm (see Net::Server::INET).
111           This server is designed to be used with inetd.  The "pre_bind",
112           "bind", "accept", and "post_accept" are all overridden as these
113           services are taken care of by the INET daemon.
114
115       MultiType
116           Found in the module Net/Server/MultiType.pm (see
117           Net::Server::MultiType).  This server has no server functionality
118           of its own.  It is designed for servers which need a simple way to
119           easily switch between different personalities.  Multiple
120           "server_type" parameters may be given and Net::Server::MultiType
121           will cycle through until it finds a class that it can use.
122
123       Multiplex
124           Found in the module Net/Server/Multiplex.pm (see
125           Net::Server::Multiplex).  This server binds to one or more ports.
126           It uses IO::Multiplex to multiplex between waiting for new
127           connections and waiting for input on currently established
128           connections.  This personality is designed to run as one process
129           without forking.  The "process_request" method is never used but
130           the "mux_input" callback is used instead (see also IO::Multiplex).
131           See examples/samplechat.pl for an example using most of the
132           features of Net::Server::Multiplex.
133
134       PreForkSimple
135           Found in the module Net/Server/PreFork.pm (see
136           Net::Server::PreFork).  This server binds to one or more ports and
137           then forks "max_servers" child process.  The server will make sure
138           that at any given time there are always "max_servers" available to
139           receive a client request.  Each of these children will process up
140           to "max_requests" client connections.  This type is good for a
141           heavily hit site that can dedicate max_server processes no matter
142           what the load.  It should scale well for most applications.  Multi
143           port accept is accomplished using either flock, IPC::Semaphore, or
144           pipe to serialize the children.  Serialization may also be switched
145           on for single port in order to get around an OS that does not allow
146           multiple children to accept at the same time.  For a further
147           discussion of serialization see Net::Server::PreFork.
148
149       PreFork
150           Found in the module Net/Server/PreFork.pm (see
151           Net::Server::PreFork).  This server binds to one or more ports and
152           then forks "min_servers" child process.  The server will make sure
153           that at any given time there are at least "min_spare_servers" but
154           not more than "max_spare_servers" available to receive a client
155           request, up to "max_servers".  Each of these children will process
156           up to "max_requests" client connections.  This type is good for a
157           heavily hit site, and should scale well for most applications.
158           Multi port accept is accomplished using either flock,
159           IPC::Semaphore, or pipe to serialize the children.  Serialization
160           may also be switched on for single port in order to get around an
161           OS that does not allow multiple children to accept at the same
162           time.  For a further discussion of serialization see
163           Net::Server::PreFork.
164
165       Single
166           All methods fall back to Net::Server.  This personality is provided
167           only as parallelism for Net::Server::MultiType.
168
169       HTTP
170           Not a distinct personality.  Provides a basic HTTP daemon.  This
171           can be combined with the SSL or SSLEAY proto to provide an HTTPS
172           Daemon.  See Net::Server::HTTP.
173
174       "Net::Server" was partially written to make it easy to add new
175       personalities.  Using separate modules built upon an open architecture
176       allows for easy addition of new features, a separate development
177       process, and reduced code bloat in the core module.
178

SOCKET ACCESS

180       Once started, the Net::Server will take care of binding to port and
181       waiting for connections.  Once a connection is received, the
182       Net::Server will accept on the socket and will store the result (the
183       client connection) in $self->{server}->{client}.  This property is a
184       Socket blessed into the the IO::Socket classes.  UDP servers are
185       slightly different in that they will perform a recv instead of an
186       accept.
187
188       To make programming easier, during the post_accept phase, STDIN and
189       STDOUT are opened to the client connection.  This allows for programs
190       to be written using <STDIN> and print "out\n" to print to the client
191       connection.  UDP will require using a ->send call.
192

SAMPLE CODE

194       The following is a very simple server.  The main functionality occurs
195       in the process_request method call as shown below.  Notice the use of
196       timeouts to prevent Denial of Service while reading.  (Other examples
197       of using "Net::Server" can, or will, be included with this
198       distribution).
199
200           #!/usr/bin/perl -w -T
201
202           package MyPackage;
203
204           use strict;
205           use base qw(Net::Server::PreFork); # any personality will do
206
207           MyPackage->run;
208
209           # over-ride the default echo handler
210
211           sub process_request {
212               my $self = shift;
213               eval {
214
215                   local $SIG{'ALRM'} = sub { die "Timed Out!\n" };
216                   my $timeout = 30; # give the user 30 seconds to type some lines
217
218                   my $previous_alarm = alarm($timeout);
219                   while (<STDIN>) {
220                       s/\r?\n$//;
221                       print "You said '$_'\r\n";
222                       alarm($timeout);
223                   }
224                   alarm($previous_alarm);
225
226               };
227
228               if ($@ =~ /timed out/i) {
229                   print STDOUT "Timed Out.\r\n";
230                   return;
231               }
232
233           }
234
235           1;
236
237       Playing this file from the command line will invoke a Net::Server using
238       the PreFork personality.  When building a server layer over the
239       Net::Server, it is important to use features such as timeouts to
240       prevent Denial Of Service attacks.
241
242       Net::Server comes with a built in echo server by default.  You can test
243       it out by simply running the following from the commandline:
244
245           net-server
246
247       If you wanted to try another flavor you could try
248
249           net-server PreFork
250
251       If you wanted to try out a basic HTTP server you could use
252
253           net-server HTTP
254
255       Or if you wanted to test out a CGI you are writing you could use
256
257           net-server HTTP --app ../../mycgi.cgi
258

ARGUMENTS

260       There are at least five possible ways to pass arguments to Net::Server.
261       They are passing to the new method, passing on command line, passing
262       parameters to run, using a conf file, returning values in the
263       default_values method, or configuring the values in
264       post_configure_hook.
265
266       The "options" method is used to determine which arguments the server
267       will search for and can be used to extend the parsed parameters.  Any
268       arguments found from the command line, parameters passed to run, and
269       arguments found in the conf_file will be matched against the keys of
270       the options template.  Any commandline parameters that do not match
271       will be left in place and can be further processed by the server in the
272       various hooks (by looking at @ARGV).  Arguments passed to new will
273       automatically win over any other options (this can be used if you would
274       like to disallow a user passing in other arguments).
275
276       Arguments consist of key value pairs.  On the commandline these pairs
277       follow the POSIX fashion of "--key value" or "--key=value", and also
278       "key=value".  In the conf file the parameter passing can best be shown
279       by the following regular expression:
280       ($key,$val)=~/^(\w+)\s+(\S+?)\s+$/.  Passing arguments to the run
281       method is done as follows: "<Net::Server->run(key1 =" 'val1')>>.
282       Passing arguments via a prebuilt object can best be shown in the
283       following code:
284
285           #!/usr/bin/perl -w -T
286
287           package MyPackage;
288           use strict;
289           use base qw(Net::Server);
290
291           my $server = MyPackage->new({
292               key1 => 'val1',
293           });
294
295           $server->run;
296
297       All five methods for passing arguments may be used at the same time.
298       Once an argument has been set, it is not over written if another method
299       passes the same argument.  "Net::Server" will look for arguments in the
300       following order:
301
302           1) Arguments passed to the C<new> method.
303           2) Arguments passed on command line.
304           3) Arguments passed to the C<run> method.
305           4) Arguments passed via a conf file.
306           5) Arguments set in the C<default_values> method.
307
308       Additionally the following hooks are available:
309
310           1) Arguments set in the configure_hook (occurs after new
311              but before any of the other areas are checked).
312           2) Arguments set and validated in the post_configure_hook
313              (occurs after all of the other areas are checked).
314
315       Each of these levels will override parameters of the same name
316       specified in subsequent levels.  For example, specifying --setsid=0 on
317       the command line will override a value of "setsid 1" in the conf file.
318
319       Note that the configure_hook method doesn't return values to set, but
320       is there to allow for setting up configured values before the configure
321       method is called.
322
323       Key/value pairs used by the server are removed by the configuration
324       process so that server layers on top of "Net::Server" can pass and read
325       their own parameters.
326

ADDING CUSTOM ARGUMENTS

328       It is possible to add in your own custom parameters to those parsed by
329       Net::Server.  The following code shows how this is done:
330
331           sub options {
332               my $self     = shift;
333               my $prop     = $self->{'server'};
334               my $template = shift;
335
336               # setup options in the parent classes
337               $self->SUPER::options($template);
338
339               # add a single value option
340               $prop->{'my_option'} ||= undef;
341               $template->{'my_option'} = \ $prop->{'my_option'};
342
343               # add a multi value option
344               $prop->{'an_arrayref_item'} ||= [];
345               $template->{'an_arrayref_item'} = $prop->{'an_arrayref_item'};
346           }
347
348       Overriding the "options" method allows for adding your own custom
349       fields.  A template hashref is passed in, that should then be modified
350       to contain an of your custom fields.  Fields which are intended to
351       receive a single scalar value should have a reference to the
352       destination scalar given.  Fields which are intended to receive
353       multiple values should reference the corresponding destination
354       arrayref.
355
356       You are responsible for validating your custom options once they have
357       been parsed.  The post_configure_hook is a good place to do your
358       validation.
359
360       Some emails have asked why we use this "template" method.  The idea is
361       that you are creating the the data structure to store the values in,
362       and you are also creating a way to get the values into the data
363       structure.  The template is the way to get the values to the servers
364       data structure.  One of the possibilities (that probably isn't used
365       that much) is that by letting you specify the mapping, you could build
366       a nested data structure - even though the passed in arguments are flat.
367       It also allows you to setup aliases to your names.
368
369       For example, a basic structure might look like this:
370
371          $prop = $self->{'server'}
372
373          $prop->{'my_custom_option'} ||= undef;
374          $prop->{'my_custom_array'}  ||= [];
375
376          $template = {
377              my_custom_option => \ $prop->{'my_custom_option'},
378              mco              => \ $prop->{'my_custom_option'}, # alias
379              my_custom_array  => $prop->{'my_custom_array'},
380              mca              => $prop->{'my_custom_array'}, # an alias
381          };
382
383          $template->{'mco2'} = $template->{'mco'}; # another way to alias
384
385       But you could also have more complex data:
386
387          $prop = $self->{'server'};
388
389          $prop->{'one_layer'} = {
390              two_layer => [
391                  undef,
392                  undef,
393              ],
394          };
395
396          $template = {
397              param1 => \ $prop->{'one_layer'}->{'two_layer'}->[0],
398              param2 => \ $prop->{'one_layer'}->{'two_layer'}->[1],
399          };
400
401       This is of course a contrived example - but it does show that you can
402       get the data from the flat passed in arguments to whatever type of
403       structure you need - with only a little bit of effort.
404

DEFAULT ARGUMENTS FOR Net::Server

406       The following arguments are available in the default "Net::Server" or
407       "Net::Server::Single" modules.  (Other personalities may use additional
408       parameters and may optionally not use parameters from the base class.)
409
410           Key               Value                    Default
411           conf_file         "filename"               undef
412
413           log_level         0-4                      2
414           log_file          (filename|Sys::Syslog
415                              |Log::Log4perl)         undef
416
417           port              \d+                      20203
418           host              "host"                   "*"
419           ipv               (4|6|*)                  *
420           proto             (tcp|udp|unix)           "tcp"
421           listen            \d+                      SOMAXCONN
422
423           ## syslog parameters (if log_file eq Sys::Syslog)
424           syslog_logsock    (native|unix|inet|udp
425                              |tcp|stream|console)    unix (on Sys::Syslog < 0.15)
426           syslog_ident      "identity"               "net_server"
427           syslog_logopt     (cons|ndelay|nowait|pid) pid
428           syslog_facility   \w+                      daemon
429
430           reverse_lookups   1                        undef
431           allow             /regex/                  none
432           deny              /regex/                  none
433           cidr_allow        CIDR                     none
434           cidr_deny         CIDR                     none
435
436           ## daemonization parameters
437           pid_file          "filename"               undef
438           chroot            "directory"              undef
439           user              (uid|username)           "nobody"
440           group             (gid|group)              "nobody"
441           background        1                        undef
442           setsid            1                        undef
443
444           no_close_by_child (1|undef)                undef
445
446           ## See Net::Server::Proto::(TCP|UDP|UNIX|SSL|SSLeay|etc)
447           ## for more sample parameters.
448
449       conf_file
450           Filename from which to read additional key value pair arguments for
451           starting the server.  Default is undef.
452
453           There are two ways that you can specify a default location for a
454           conf_file.  The first is to pass the default value to the run
455           method as in:
456
457               MyServer->run({
458                  conf_file => '/etc/my_server.conf',
459               });
460
461           If the end user passes in --conf_file=/etc/their_server.conf then
462           the value will be overridden.
463
464           The second way to do this was added in the 0.96 version.  It uses
465           the default_values method as in:
466
467               sub default_values {
468                   return {
469                       conf_file => '/etc/my_server.conf',
470                   }
471               }
472
473           This method has the advantage of also being able to be overridden
474           in the run method.
475
476           If you do not want the user to be able to specify a conf_file at
477           all, you can pass conf_file to the new method when creating your
478           object:
479
480               MyServer->new({
481                  conf_file => '/etc/my_server.conf',
482               })->run;
483
484           If passed this way, the value passed to new will "win" over any of
485           the other passed in values.
486
487       log_level
488           Ranges from 0 to 4 in level.  Specifies what level of error will be
489           logged.  "O" means logging is off.  "4" means very verbose.  These
490           levels should be able to correlate to syslog levels.  Default is 2.
491           These levels correlate to syslog levels as defined by the following
492           key/value pairs: 0=>'err', 1=>'warning', 2=>'notice', 3=>'info',
493           4=>'debug'.
494
495       log_file
496           Name of log file or log subsystem to be written to.  If no name is
497           given and the write_to_log_hook is not overridden, log goes to
498           STDERR.  Default is undef.
499
500           The log_file may also be the name of a Net::Server pluggable
501           logging class.  Net::Server is packaged with Sys::Syslog and
502           Log::Log4perl.  If the log_file looks like a module name, it will
503           have "Net::Server::Log::" added to the front and it will then be
504           required.  The package should provide an "initialize" class method
505           that returns a single function which will be used for logging.
506           This returned function will be passed log_level, and message.
507
508           If the magic name "Sys::Syslog" is used, all logging will take
509           place via the Net::Server::Log::Sys::Syslog module.  If syslog is
510           used the parameters "syslog_logsock", "syslog_ident", and
511           "syslog_logopt",and "syslog_facility" may also be defined.  See
512           Net::Server::Log::Sys::Syslog.
513
514           If the magic name "Log::Log4perl" is used, all logging will be
515           directed to the Log4perl system.  If used, the "log4perl_conf",
516           "log4perl_poll", "log4perl_logger" may also be defined. See
517           Net::Server::Log::Log::Log4per.
518
519           If a "log_file" is given or if "setsid" is set, STDIN and STDOUT
520           will automatically be opened to /dev/null and STDERR will be opened
521           to STDOUT.  This will prevent any output from ending up at the
522           terminal.
523
524       pid_file
525           Filename to store pid of parent process.  Generally applies only to
526           forking servers.  Default is none (undef).
527
528       port
529           See Net::Server::Proto for further examples of configuration.
530
531           Local port/socket on which to bind.  If it is a low port, the
532           process must start as root.  If multiple ports are given, all will
533           be bound at server startup.  May be of the form "host:port/proto",
534           "host:port/proto/ipv", "host:port", "port/proto", or "port", where
535           host represents a hostname residing on the local box, where port
536           represents either the number of the port (eg. "80") or the service
537           designation (eg. "http"), where ipv represents the IP protocol
538           version (IPv4 or IPv6 or IPv*) and where proto represents the
539           protocol to be used. See Net::Server::Proto.  The following are
540           some valid port strings:
541
542               20203                            # port only
543               localhost:20203                  # host and port
544               localhost:http                   # localhost bound to port 80
545               localhost:20203/tcp              # host, port, protocol
546               localhost:20203/tcp/IPv*         # host, port, protocol and family
547               localhost, 20203, tcp, IPv*      # same
548               localhost | 20203 | tcp | IPv*   # same
549               localhost:20203/IPv*             # bind any configured interfaces for IPv4 or 6 (default)
550               localhost:20203/IPv4/IPv6        # bind localhost on IPv4 and 6 (fails if it cannot do both)
551
552               *:20203                          # bind all local interfaces
553
554           Additionally, when passed in the code (non-commandline, and non-
555           config), the port may be passed as a hashref or array hashrefs of
556           information:
557
558               port => {
559                   host  => 'localhost',
560                   port  => '20203',
561                   ipv   => 6,     # IPv6 only
562                   proto => 'udp', # UDP protocol
563               }
564
565               port => [{
566                   host  => '*',
567                   port  => '20203',
568                   ipv   => 4,     # IPv4 only
569                   proto => 'tcp', # (default)
570               }, {
571                   host  => 'localhost',
572                   port  => '20204',
573                   ipv   => '*',      # default - all IPv4 and IPv6 interfaces tied to localhost
574                   proto => 'ssleay', # or ssl - Using SSL
575               }],
576
577           An explicit host given in a port specification overrides a default
578           binding address (a "host" setting, see below).  The host part may
579           be enclosed in square brackets, but when it is a numerical IPv6
580           address it should be enclosed in square brackets to avoid ambiguity
581           in parsing a port number, e.g.: "[::1]:80".  However you could also
582           use pipes, white space, or commas to separate these.  Note that
583           host and port number must come first.
584
585           If the protocol is not specified, proto will default to the "proto"
586           specified in the arguments.  If "proto" is not specified there it
587           will default to "tcp".  If host is not specified, host will default
588           to "host" specified in the arguments.  If "host" is not specified
589           there it will default to "*".  Default port is 20203.
590           Configuration passed to new or run may be either a scalar
591           containing a single port number or an arrayref of ports.  If "ipv"
592           is not specified it will default to "*" (Any resolved addresses
593           under IPv4 or IPv6).
594
595           If you are working with unix sockets, you may also specify
596           "socket_file|unix" or "socket_file|type|unix" where type is
597           SOCK_DGRAM or SOCK_STREAM.
598
599           On systems that support it, a port value of 0 may be used to ask
600           the OS to auto-assign a port.  The value of the auto-assigned port
601           will be stored in the NS_port property of the
602           Net::Server::Proto::TCP object and is also available in the
603           sockport method.  When the server is processing a request, the
604           $self->{server}->{sockport} property contains the port that was
605           connected through.
606
607       host
608           Local host or addr upon which to bind port.  If a value of '*' is
609           given, the server will bind that port on all available addresses on
610           the box.  The "host" argument provides a default local host address
611           if the "port" argument omits a host specification.  See
612           Net::Server::Proto. See IO::Socket.  Configuration passed to new or
613           run may be either a scalar containing a single host or an arrayref
614           of hosts - if the hosts array is shorter than the ports array, the
615           last host entry will be used to augment the hosts arrary to the
616           size of the ports array.
617
618           If an IPv4 address is passed, an IPv4 socket will be created.  If
619           an IPv6 address is passed, an IPv6 socket will be created.  If a
620           hostname is given, Net::Server will look at the value of ipv
621           (default IPv4) to determine which type of socket to create.
622           Optionally the ipv specification can be passed as part of the
623           hostname.
624
625               host => "127.0.0.1",  # an IPv4 address
626
627               host => "::1",        # an IPv6 address
628
629               host => 'localhost',  # addresses matched by localhost (default any IPv4 and/or IPv6)
630
631               host => 'localhost/IPv*',  # same
632
633               ipv  => 6,
634               host => 'localhost',  # addresses matched by localhost (IPv6)
635
636               ipv  => 4,
637               host => 'localhost',  # addresses matched by localhost (IPv4)
638
639               ipv  => 'IPv4 IPv6',
640               host => 'localhost',  # addresses matched by localhost (requires IPv6 and IPv4)
641
642               host => '*',          # any local interfaces (any IPv6 or IPv4)
643
644               host => '*/IPv*',     # same (any IPv6 or IPv4)
645
646               ipv  => 4,
647               host => '*',          # any local IPv4 interfaces interfaces
648
649       proto
650           See Net::Server::Proto.  Protocol to use when binding ports.  See
651           IO::Socket.  As of release 2.0, Net::Server supports tcp, udp, and
652           unix, unixdgram, ssl, and ssleay.  Other types will need to be
653           added later (or custom modules extending the Net::Server::Proto
654           class may be used).  Configuration passed to new or run may be
655           either a scalar containing a single proto or an arrayref of protos
656           - if the protos array is shorter than the ports array, the last
657           proto entry will be used to augment the protos arrary to the size
658           of the ports array.
659
660           Additionally the proto may also contain the ipv specification.
661
662       ipv (IPv4 and IPv6)
663           See Net::Server::Proto.
664
665           IPv6 is now available under Net::Server.  It will be used
666           automatically if an IPv6 address is passed, or if the ipv is set
667           explicitly to IPv6, or if ipv is left as the default value of IPv*.
668           This is a significant change from version 2.004 and earlier where
669           the default value was IPv4.  However, the previous behavior led to
670           confusion on IPv6 only hosts, and on hosts that only had IPv6
671           entries for a local hostname.  Trying to pass an IPv4 address when
672           ipv is set to 6 (only 6 - not * or 4) will result in an error.
673
674               localhost:20203 # will use IPv6 if there is a corresponding entry for localhost
675                               # it will also use IPv4 if there is a corresponding v4 entry for localhost
676
677               localhost:20203:IPv*  # same (default)
678
679               localhost:20203:IPv6  # will use IPv6
680
681               [::1]:20203           # will use IPv6 (IPv6 style address)
682
683               localhost:20203:IPv4  # will use IPv4
684
685               127.0.0.1:20203       # will use IPv4 (IPv4 style address
686
687               localhost:20203:IPv4:IPv6 # will bind to both v4 and v6 - fails otherwise
688
689               # or as a hashref as
690               port => {
691                   host => "localhost",
692                   ipv  => 6, # only binds IPv6
693               }
694
695               port => {
696                   host => "localhost",
697                   ipv  => 4, # only binds IPv4
698               }
699
700               port => {
701                   host => "::1",
702                   ipv  => "IPv6", # same as passing "6"
703               }
704
705               port => {
706                   host => "localhost/IPv*",       # any IPv4 or IPv6
707               }
708
709               port => {
710                   host => "localhost IPv4 IPv6",  # must create both
711               }
712
713           In many proposed Net::Server solutions, IPv* was enabled by
714           default.  For versions 2.000 through 2.004, the previous default of
715           IPv4 was used.  We have attempted to make it easy to set IPv4,
716           IPv6, or IPv*.  If you do not want or need IPv6, simply set ipv to
717           4, pass IPv4 along in the port specification, set $ENV{'IPV'}=4;
718           before running the server, or uninstall IO::Socket::INET6.
719
720           On my local box the following command results in the following
721           output:
722
723               perl -e 'use base qw(Net::Server); main->run(host => "localhost")'
724
725               Resolved [localhost]:20203 to [::1]:20203, IPv6
726               Resolved [localhost]:20203 to [127.0.0.1]:20203, IPv4
727               Binding to TCP port 20203 on host ::1 with IPv6
728               Binding to TCP port 20203 on host 127.0.0.1 with IPv4
729
730           My local box has IPv6 enabled and there are entries for localhost
731           on both IPv6 ::1 and IPv4 127.0.0.1.  I could also choose to
732           explicitly bind ports rather than depending upon ipv => "*" to
733           resolve them for me as in the following:
734
735               perl -e 'use base qw(Net::Server); main->run(port => [20203,20203], host => "localhost", ipv => [4,6])'
736
737               Binding to TCP port 20203 on host localhost with IPv4
738               Binding to TCP port 20203 on host localhost with IPv6
739
740           There is a special case of using host => "*" as well as ipv => "*".
741           The Net::Server::Proto::_bindv6only method is used to check the
742           system setting for "sysctl -n net.ipv6.bindv6only" (or
743           net.inet6.ip6.v6only).  If this setting is false, then an IPv6
744           socket will listen for the corresponding IPv4 address.  For example
745           the address [::] (IPv6 equivalent of INADDR_ANY) will also listen
746           for 0.0.0.0.  The address ::FFFF:127.0.0.1 (IPv6) would also listen
747           to 127.0.0.1 (IPv4).  In this case, only one socket will be created
748           because it will handle both cases (an error is returned if an
749           attempt is made to listen to both addresses when bindv6only is
750           false).
751
752           However, if net.ipv6.bindv6only (or equivalent) is true, then a
753           hostname (such as *) resolving to both a IPv4 entry as well as an
754           IPv6 will result in both an IPv4 socket as well as an IPv6 socket.
755
756           On my linux box which defaults to net.ipv6.bindv6only=0, the
757           following is output.
758
759               perl -e 'use base qw(Net::Server); main->run(host => "*")'
760
761               Resolved [*]:8080 to [::]:8080, IPv6
762               Not including resolved host [0.0.0.0] IPv4 because it will be handled by [::] IPv6
763               Binding to TCP port 8080 on host :: with IPv6
764
765           If I issue a "sudo /sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv6.bindv6only=1", the
766           following is output.
767
768               perl -e 'use base qw(Net::Server); main->run(host => "*")'
769
770               Resolved [*]:8080 to [0.0.0.0]:8080, IPv4
771               Resolved [*]:8080 to [::]:8080, IPv6
772               Binding to TCP port 8080 on host 0.0.0.0 with IPv4
773               Binding to TCP port 8080 on host :: with IPv6
774
775           BSD differs from linux and generally defaults to
776           net.inet6.ip6.v6only=0.  If it cannot be determined on your OS, it
777           will default to false and the log message will change from "it will
778           be handled" to "it should be handled" (if you have a non-resource
779           intensive way to check on your platform, feel free to email me).
780           Be sure to check the logs as you test your server to make sure you
781           have bound the ports you desire.  You can always pass in individual
782           explicit IPv4 and IPv6 port specifications if you need.  For
783           example, if your system has both IPv4 and IPv6 interfaces but you'd
784           only like to bind to IPv6 entries, then you should use a hostname
785           of [::] instead of [*].
786
787           If bindv6only (or equivalent) is false, and you receive an IPv4
788           connection on a bound IPv6 port, the textual representation of the
789           peer's IPv4 address will typically be in a form of an IPv4-mapped
790           IPv6 addresses, e.g. "::FFFF:127.0.0.1" .
791
792           The ipv parameter was chosen because it does not conflict with any
793           other existing usage, it is very similar to ipv4 or ipv6, it allows
794           for user code to not need to know about Socket::AF_INET or
795           Socket6::AF_INET6 or Socket::AF_UNSPEC, and it is short.
796
797       listen
798           See IO::Socket.  Not used with udp protocol (or UNIX SOCK_DGRAM).
799
800       reverse_lookups
801           Specify whether to lookup the hostname of the connected IP.
802           Information is cached in server object under "peerhost" property.
803           Default is to not use reverse_lookups (undef).
804
805       allow/deny
806           May be specified multiple times.  Contains regex to compare to
807           incoming peeraddr or peerhost (if reverse_lookups has been
808           enabled).  If allow or deny options are given, the incoming client
809           must match an allow and not match a deny or the client connection
810           will be closed.  Defaults to empty array refs.
811
812       cidr_allow/cidr_deny
813           May be specified multiple times.  Contains a CIDR block to compare
814           to incoming peeraddr.  If cidr_allow or cidr_deny options are
815           given, the incoming client must match a cidr_allow and not match a
816           cidr_deny or the client connection will be closed.  Defaults to
817           empty array refs.
818
819       chroot
820           Directory to chroot to after bind process has taken place and the
821           server is still running as root.  Defaults to undef.
822
823       user
824           Userid or username to become after the bind process has occured.
825           Defaults to "nobody."  If you would like the server to run as root,
826           you will have to specify "user" equal to "root".
827
828       group
829           Groupid or groupname to become after the bind process has occured.
830           Defaults to "nobody."  If you would like the server to run as root,
831           you will have to specify "group" equal to "root".
832
833       background
834           Specifies whether or not the server should fork after the bind
835           method to release itself from the command line.  Defaults to undef.
836           Process will also background if "setsid" is set.
837
838       setsid
839           Specifies whether or not the server should fork after the bind
840           method to release itself from the command line and then run the
841           "POSIX::setsid()" command to truly daemonize.  Defaults to undef.
842           If a "log_file" is given or if "setsid" is set, STDIN and STDOUT
843           will automatically be opened to /dev/null and STDERR will be opened
844           to STDOUT.  This will prevent any output from ending up at the
845           terminal.
846
847       no_close_by_child
848           Boolean.  Specifies whether or not a forked child process has
849           permission or not to shutdown the entire server process.  If set to
850           1, the child may NOT signal the parent to shutdown all children.
851           Default is undef (not set).
852
853       no_client_stdout
854           Boolean.  Default undef (not set).  Specifies that STDIN and STDOUT
855           should not be opened on the client handle once a connection has
856           been accepted.  By default the Net::Server will open STDIN and
857           STDOUT on the client socket making it easier for many types of
858           scripts to read directly from and write directly to the socket
859           using normal print and read methods.  Disabling this is useful on
860           clients that may be opening their own connections to STDIN and
861           STDOUT.
862
863           This option has no affect on STDIN and STDOUT which has a magic
864           client property that is tied to the already open STDIN and STDOUT.
865
866       leave_children_open_on_hup
867           Boolean.  Default undef (not set).  If set, the parent will not
868           attempt to close child processes if the parent receives a SIG HUP.
869           The parent will rebind the the open port and begin tracking a fresh
870           set of children.
871
872           Children of a Fork server will exit after their current request.
873           Children of a Prefork type server will finish the current request
874           and then exit.
875
876           Note - the newly restarted parent will start up a fresh set of
877           servers on fork servers.  The new parent will attempt to keep track
878           of the children from the former parent but custom communication
879           channels (open pipes from the child to the old parent) will no
880           longer be available to the old child processes.  New child
881           processes will still connect properly to the new parent.
882
883       sig_passthrough
884           Default none.  Allow for passing requested signals through to
885           children.  Takes a single signal name, a comma separated list of
886           names, or an arrayref of signal names.  It first sends the signals
887           to the children before calling any currently registered signal by
888           that name.
889
890       tie_client_stdout
891           Default undef.  If set will use Net::Server::TiedHandle tied
892           interface for STDIN and STDOUT.  This interface allows SSL and
893           SSLEAY to work.  It also allows for intercepting read and write via
894           the tied_stdin_callback and tied_stdout_callback.
895
896       tied_stdin_callback
897           Default undef.  Called during a read of STDIN data if
898           tie_client_stdout has been set, or if the client handle's
899           tie_stdout method returns true.  It is passed the client
900           connection, the name of the method that would be called, and the
901           arguments that are being passed.  The callback is then responsible
902           for calling that method on the handle or for performing some other
903           input operation.
904
905       tied_stdout_callback
906           Default undef.  Called during a write of data to STDOUT if
907           tie_client_stdout has been set, or if the client handle's
908           tie_stdout method returns true.  It is passed the client
909           connection, the name of the method that would be called, and the
910           arguments that are being passed.  The callback is then responsible
911           for calling that method on the handle or for performing some other
912           output operation.
913

PROPERTIES

915       All of the "ARGUMENTS" listed above become properties of the server
916       object under the same name.  These properties, as well as other
917       internal properties, are available during hooks and other method calls.
918
919       The structure of a Net::Server object is shown below:
920
921           $self = bless({
922               server => {
923                   key1 => 'val1',
924                   # more key/vals
925               },
926           }, 'Net::Server');
927
928       This structure was chosen so that all server related properties are
929       grouped under a single key of the object hashref.  This is so that
930       other objects could layer on top of the Net::Server object class and
931       still have a fairly clean namespace in the hashref.
932
933       You may get and set properties in two ways.  The suggested way is to
934       access properties directly via
935
936           my $val = $self->{server}->{key1};
937
938       Accessing the properties directly will speed the server process -
939       though some would deem this as bad style.  A second way has been
940       provided for object oriented types who believe in methods.  The second
941       way consists of the following methods:
942
943           my $val = $self->get_property( 'key1' );
944           my $self->set_property( key1 => 'val1' );
945
946       Properties are allowed to be changed at any time with caution (please
947       do not undef the sock property or you will close the client
948       connection).
949

CONFIGURATION FILE

951       "Net::Server" allows for the use of a configuration file to read in
952       server parameters.  The format of this conf file is simple key value
953       pairs.  Comments and blank lines are ignored.
954
955           #-------------- file test.conf --------------
956
957           ### user and group to become
958           user        somebody
959           group       everybody
960
961           # logging ?
962           log_file    /var/log/server.log
963           log_level   3
964           pid_file    /tmp/server.pid
965
966           # optional syslog directive
967           # used in place of log_file above
968           #log_file       Sys::Syslog
969           #syslog_logsock unix
970           #syslog_ident   myserver
971           #syslog_logopt  pid|cons
972
973           # access control
974           allow       .+\.(net|com)
975           allow       domain\.com
976           deny        a.+
977           cidr_allow  127.0.0.0/8
978           cidr_allow  192.0.2.0/24
979           cidr_deny   192.0.2.4/30
980
981           # background the process?
982           background  1
983
984           # ports to bind (this should bind
985           # 127.0.0.1:20205 on IPv6 and
986           # localhost:20204 on IPv4)
987           # See Net::Server::Proto
988           host        127.0.0.1
989           ipv         IPv6
990           port        localhost:20204/IPv4
991           port        20205
992
993           # reverse lookups ?
994           # reverse_lookups on
995
996         #-------------- file test.conf --------------
997

PROCESS FLOW

999       The process flow is written in an open, easy to override, easy to hook,
1000       fashion.  The basic flow is shown below.  This is the flow of the
1001       "$self->run" method.
1002
1003           $self->configure_hook;
1004
1005           $self->configure(@_);
1006
1007           $self->post_configure;
1008
1009           $self->post_configure_hook;
1010
1011           $self->pre_bind;
1012
1013           $self->bind;
1014
1015           $self->post_bind_hook;
1016
1017           $self->post_bind;
1018
1019           $self->pre_loop_hook;
1020
1021           $self->loop;
1022
1023           ### routines inside a standard $self->loop
1024           # $self->accept;
1025           # $self->run_client_connection;
1026           # $self->done;
1027
1028           $self->pre_server_close_hook;
1029
1030           $self->server_close;
1031
1032       The server then exits.
1033
1034       During the client processing phase ("$self->run_client_connection"),
1035       the following represents the program flow:
1036
1037           $self->post_accept;
1038
1039           $self->get_client_info;
1040
1041           $self->post_accept_hook;
1042
1043           if ($self->allow_deny
1044               && $self->allow_deny_hook) {
1045
1046               $self->process_request;
1047
1048           } else {
1049
1050               $self->request_denied_hook;
1051
1052           }
1053
1054           $self->post_process_request_hook;
1055
1056           $self->post_process_request;
1057
1058           $self->post_client_connection_hook;
1059
1060       The process then loops and waits for the next connection.  For a more
1061       in depth discussion, please read the code.
1062
1063       During the server shutdown phase ("$self->server_close"), the following
1064       represents the program flow:
1065
1066           $self->close_children;  # if any
1067
1068           $self->post_child_cleanup_hook;
1069
1070           if (Restarting server) {
1071               $self->restart_close_hook();
1072               $self->hup_server;
1073           }
1074
1075           $self->shutdown_sockets;
1076
1077           $self->server_exit;
1078

MAIN SERVER METHODS

1080       "$self->run"
1081           This method incorporates the main process flow.  This flow is
1082           listed above.
1083
1084           The method run may be called in any of the following ways.
1085
1086                MyPackage->run(port => 20201);
1087
1088                MyPackage->new({port => 20201})->run;
1089
1090                my $obj = bless {server=>{port => 20201}}, 'MyPackage';
1091                $obj->run;
1092
1093           The ->run method should typically be the last method called in a
1094           server start script (the server will exit at the end of the ->run
1095           method).
1096
1097       "$self->configure"
1098           This method attempts to read configurations from the commandline,
1099           from the run method call, or from a specified conf_file (the
1100           conf_file may be specified by passed in parameters, or in the
1101           default_values).  All of the configured parameters are then stored
1102           in the {"server"} property of the Server object.
1103
1104       "$self->post_configure"
1105           The post_configure hook begins the startup of the server.  During
1106           this method running server instances are checked for, pid_files are
1107           created, log_files are created, Sys::Syslog is initialized (as
1108           needed), process backgrounding occurs and the server closes STDIN
1109           and STDOUT (as needed).
1110
1111       "$self->pre_bind"
1112           This method is used to initialize all of the socket objects used by
1113           the server.
1114
1115       "$self->bind"
1116           This method actually binds to the inialized sockets (or rebinds if
1117           the server has been HUPed).
1118
1119       "$self->post_bind"
1120           During this method priveleges are dropped.  The INT, TERM, and QUIT
1121           signals are set to run server_close.  Sig PIPE is set to IGNORE.
1122           Sig CHLD is set to sig_chld.  And sig HUP is set to call sig_hup.
1123
1124           Under the Fork, PreFork, and PreFork simple personalities, these
1125           signals are registered using Net::Server::SIG to allow for safe
1126           signal handling.
1127
1128       "$self->loop"
1129           During this phase, the server accepts incoming connections.  The
1130           behavior of how the accepting occurs and if a child process handles
1131           the connection is controlled by what type of Net::Server
1132           personality the server is using.
1133
1134           Net::Server and Net::Server single accept only one connection at a
1135           time.
1136
1137           Net::Server::INET runs one connection and then exits (for use by
1138           inetd or xinetd daemons).
1139
1140           Net::Server::MultiPlex allows for one process to simultaneously
1141           handle multiple connections (but requires rewriting the
1142           process_request code to operate in a more "packet-like" manner).
1143
1144           Net::Server::Fork forks off a new child process for each incoming
1145           connection.
1146
1147           Net::Server::PreForkSimple starts up a fixed number of processes
1148           that all accept on incoming connections.
1149
1150           Net::Server::PreFork starts up a base number of child processes
1151           which all accept on incoming connections.  The server throttles the
1152           number of processes running depending upon the number of requests
1153           coming in (similar to concept to how Apache controls its child
1154           processes in a PreFork server).
1155
1156           Read the documentation for each of the types for more information.
1157
1158       "$self->server_close"
1159           This method is called once the server has been signaled to end, or
1160           signaled for the server to restart (via HUP), or the loop method
1161           has been exited.
1162
1163           This method takes care of cleaning up any remaining child
1164           processes, setting appropriate flags on sockets (for HUPing),
1165           closing up logging, and then closing open sockets.
1166
1167           Can optionally be passed an exit value that will be passed to the
1168           server_exit call.
1169
1170       "$self->server_exit"
1171           This method is called at the end of server_close.  It calls exit,
1172           but may be overridden to do other items.  At this point all
1173           services should be shut down.
1174
1175           Can optionally be passed an exit value that will be passed to the
1176           exit call.
1177

MAIN CLIENT CONNECTION METHODS

1179       "$self->run_client_connection"
1180           This method is run after the server has accepted and received a
1181           client connection.  The full process flow is listed above under
1182           PROCESS FLOWS.  This method takes care of handling each client
1183           connection.
1184
1185       "$self->post_accept"
1186           This method opens STDIN and STDOUT to the client socket.  This
1187           allows any of the methods during the run_client_connection phase to
1188           print directly to and read directly from the client socket.
1189
1190       "$self->get_client_info"
1191           This method looks up information about the client connection such
1192           as ip address, socket type, and hostname (as needed).
1193
1194       "$self->allow_deny"
1195           This method uses the rules defined in the allow and deny
1196           configuration parameters to determine if the ip address should be
1197           accepted.
1198
1199       "$self->process_request"
1200           This method is intended to handle all of the client communication.
1201           At this point STDIN and STDOUT are opened to the client, the ip
1202           address has been verified.  The server can then interact with the
1203           client connection according to whatever API or protocol the server
1204           is implementing.  Note that the stub implementation uses STDIN and
1205           STDOUT and will not work if the no_client_stdout flag is set.
1206
1207           This is the main method to override.
1208
1209           The default method implements a simple echo server that will repeat
1210           whatever is sent.  It will quit the child if "quit" is sent, and
1211           will exit the server if "exit" is sent.
1212
1213           As of version 2.000, the client handle is passed as an argument.
1214
1215       "$self->post_process_request"
1216           This method is used to clean up the client connection and to handle
1217           any parent/child accounting for the forking servers.
1218

HOOKS

1220       "Net::Server" provides a number of "hooks" allowing for servers layered
1221       on top of "Net::Server" to respond at different levels of execution
1222       without having to "SUPER" class the main built-in methods.  The
1223       placement of the hooks can be seen in the PROCESS FLOW section.
1224
1225       Almost all of the default hook methods do nothing.  To use a hook you
1226       simply need to override the method in your subclass.  For example to
1227       add your own post_configure_hook you could do something like the
1228       following:
1229
1230           package MyServer;
1231
1232           sub post_configure_hook {
1233               my $self = shift;
1234               my $prop = $self->{'server'};
1235
1236               # do some validation here
1237           }
1238
1239       The following describes the hooks available in the plain Net::Server
1240       class (other flavors such as Fork or PreFork have additional hooks).
1241
1242       "$self->configure_hook()"
1243           This hook takes place immediately after the "->run()" method is
1244           called.  This hook allows for setting up the object before any
1245           built in configuration takes place.  This allows for custom
1246           configurability.
1247
1248       "$self->post_configure_hook()"
1249           This hook occurs just after the reading of configuration parameters
1250           and initiation of logging and pid_file creation.  It also occurs
1251           before the "->pre_bind()" and "->bind()" methods are called.  This
1252           hook allows for verifying configuration parameters.
1253
1254       "$self->post_bind_hook()"
1255           This hook occurs just after the bind process and just before any
1256           chrooting, change of user, or change of group occurs.  At this
1257           point the process will still be running as the user who started the
1258           server.
1259
1260       "$self->pre_loop_hook()"
1261           This hook occurs after chroot, change of user, and change of group
1262           has occured.  It allows for preparation before looping begins.
1263
1264       "$self->can_read_hook()"
1265           This hook occurs after a socket becomes readible on an
1266           accept_multi_port request (accept_multi_port is used if there are
1267           multiple bound ports to accept on, or if the "multi_port"
1268           configuration parameter is set to true).  This hook is intended to
1269           allow for processing of arbitrary handles added to the IO::Select
1270           used for the accept_multi_port.  These handles could be added
1271           during the post_bind_hook.  No internal support is added for
1272           processing these handles or adding them to the IO::Socket.  Care
1273           must be used in how much occurs during the can_read_hook as a long
1274           response time will result in the server being susceptible to DOS
1275           attacks.  A return value of true indicates that the Server should
1276           not pass the readible handle on to the post_accept and
1277           process_request phases.
1278
1279           It is generally suggested that other avenues be pursued for sending
1280           messages via sockets not created by the Net::Server.
1281
1282       "$self->post_accept_hook()"
1283           This hook occurs after a client has connected to the server.  At
1284           this point STDIN and STDOUT are mapped to the client socket.  This
1285           hook occurs before the processing of the request.
1286
1287       "$self->allow_deny_hook()"
1288           This hook allows for the checking of ip and host information beyond
1289           the "$self->allow_deny()" routine.  If this hook returns 1, the
1290           client request will be processed, otherwise, the request will be
1291           denied processing.
1292
1293           As of version 2.000, the client connection is passed as an
1294           argument.
1295
1296       "$self->request_denied_hook()"
1297           This hook occurs if either the "$self->allow_deny()" or
1298           "$self->allow_deny_hook()" have taken place.
1299
1300       "$self->post_process_request_hook()"
1301           This hook occurs after the processing of the request, but before
1302           the client connection has been closed.
1303
1304       "$self->post_client_connection_hook"
1305           This is one final hook that occurs at the very end of the
1306           run_client_connection method.  At this point all other methods and
1307           hooks that will run during the run_client_connection have finished
1308           and the client connection has already been closed.
1309
1310           item "$self->other_child_died_hook($pid)"
1311
1312           Net::Server takes control of signal handling and child process
1313           cleanup; this makes it difficult to tell when a child process
1314           terminates if that child process was not started by Net::Server
1315           itself.  If Net::Server notices another child process dying that it
1316           did not start, it will fire this hook with the PID of the
1317           terminated process.
1318
1319       "$self->pre_server_close_hook()"
1320           This hook occurs before the server begins shutting down.
1321
1322       "$self->write_to_log_hook"
1323           This hook handles writing to log files.  The default hook is to
1324           write to STDERR, or to the filename contained in the parameter
1325           "log_file".  The arguments passed are a log level of 0 to 4 (4
1326           being very verbose), and a log line.  If log_file is equal to
1327           "Sys::Syslog", then logging will go to Sys::Syslog and will bypass
1328           the write_to_log_hook.
1329
1330       "$self->fatal_hook"
1331           This hook occurs when the server has encountered an unrecoverable
1332           error.  Arguments passed are the error message, the package, file,
1333           and line number.  The hook may close the server, but it is
1334           suggested that it simply return and use the built in shut down
1335           features.
1336
1337       "$self->post_child_cleanup_hook"
1338           This hook occurs in the parent server process after all children
1339           have been shut down and just before the server either restarts or
1340           exits.  It is intended for additional cleanup of information.  At
1341           this point pid_files and lockfiles still exist.
1342
1343       "$self->restart_open_hook"
1344           This hook occurs if a server has been HUPed (restarted via the HUP
1345           signal.  It occurs just before reopening to the filenos of the
1346           sockets that were already opened.
1347
1348       "$self->restart_close_hook"
1349           This hook occurs if a server has been HUPed (restarted via the HUP
1350           signal.  It occurs just before restarting the server via exec.
1351
1352       "$self->child_init_hook()"
1353           This hook is called during the forking servers.  It is also called
1354           during run_dequeue.  It runs just after the fork and after signals
1355           have been cleaned up.  If it is a dequeue process, the string
1356           'dequeue' will be passed as an argument.
1357
1358           If your child processes will be needing random numbers, this hook
1359           is a good location to initialize srand (forked processes maintain
1360           the same random seed unless changed).
1361
1362               sub child_init_hook {
1363                   # from perldoc -f srand
1364                   srand(time ^ $$ ^ unpack "%L*", `ps axww | gzip -f`);
1365               }
1366
1367       "$self->pre_fork_hook()"
1368           Similar to the child_init_hook, but occurs just before the fork.
1369
1370       "$self->child_finish_hook()"
1371           Similar to the child_init_hook, but ran when the forked process is
1372           about to finish up.
1373

OTHER METHODS

1375       "$self->default_values"
1376           Allow for returning configuration values that will be used if no
1377           other value could be found.
1378
1379           Should return a hashref.
1380
1381               sub default_values {
1382                   return {
1383                       port => 20201,
1384                   };
1385               }
1386
1387       "$self->handle_syslog_error"
1388           Called when log_file is set to 'Sys::Syslog' and an error occurs
1389           while writing to the syslog.  It is passed two arguments, the value
1390           of $@, and an arrayref containing the arguments that were passed to
1391           the log method when the error occured.
1392
1393       "$self->log"
1394           Parameters are a log_level and a message.
1395
1396           If log_level is set to 'Sys::Syslog', the parameters may
1397           alternately be a log_level, a format string, and format string
1398           parameters.  (The second parameter is assumed to be a format string
1399           if additional arguments are passed along).  Passing arbitrary
1400           format strings to Sys::Syslog will allow the server to be
1401           vulnerable to exploit.  The server maintainer should make sure that
1402           any string treated as a format string is controlled.
1403
1404               # assuming log_file = 'Sys::Syslog'
1405
1406               $self->log(1, "My Message with %s in it");
1407               # sends "%s", "My Message with %s in it" to syslog
1408
1409               $self->log(1, "My Message with %s in it", "Foo");
1410               # sends "My Message with %s in it", "Foo" to syslog
1411
1412           If log_file is set to a file (other than Sys::Syslog), the message
1413           will be appended to the log file by calling the write_to_log_hook.
1414
1415           If the log_file is Sys::Syslog and an error occurs during write,
1416           the handle_syslog_error method will be called and passed the error
1417           exception.  The default option of handle_syslog_error is to die -
1418           but could easily be told to do nothing by using the following code
1419           in your subclassed server:
1420
1421               sub handle_syslog_error {}
1422
1423           It the log had been closed, you could attempt to reopen it in the
1424           error handler with the following code:
1425
1426               sub handle_syslog_error {
1427                   my $self = shift;
1428                   $self->open_syslog;
1429               }
1430
1431       "$self->new"
1432           As of Net::Server 0.91 there is finally a "new" method.  This
1433           method takes a class name and an argument hashref as parameters.
1434           The argument hashref becomes the "server" property of the object.
1435
1436               package MyPackage;
1437               use base qw(Net::Server);
1438
1439               my $obj = MyPackage->new({port => 20201});
1440
1441               # same as
1442
1443               my $obj = bless {server => {port => 20201}}, 'MyPackage';
1444
1445       "$self->open_syslog"
1446           Called during post_configure when the log_file option is set to
1447           'Sys::Syslog'.  By default it use the parsed configuration options
1448           listed in this document.  If more custom behavior is desired, the
1449           method could be overridden and Sys::Syslog::openlog should be
1450           called with the custom parameters.
1451
1452       "$self->shutdown_sockets"
1453           This method will close any remaining open sockets.  This is called
1454           at the end of the server_close method.
1455

RESTARTING

1457       Each of the server personalities (except for INET), support restarting
1458       via a HUP signal (see "kill -l").  When a HUP is received, the server
1459       will close children (if any), make sure that sockets are left open, and
1460       re-exec using the same commandline parameters that initially started
1461       the server.  (Note: for this reason it is important that @ARGV is not
1462       modified until "->run" is called).
1463
1464       The Net::Server will attempt to find out the commandline used for
1465       starting the program.  The attempt is made before any configuration
1466       files or other arguments are processed.  The outcome of this attempt is
1467       stored using the method "->commandline".  The stored commandline may
1468       also be retrieved using the same method name.  The stored contents will
1469       undoubtedly contain Tainted items that will cause the server to die
1470       during a restart when using the -T flag (Taint mode).  As it is
1471       impossible to arbitrarily decide what is taint safe and what is not,
1472       the individual program must clean up the tainted items before doing a
1473       restart.
1474
1475           sub configure_hook{
1476               my $self = shift;
1477
1478               ### see the contents
1479               my $ref  = $self->commandline;
1480               use Data::Dumper;
1481               print Dumper $ref;
1482
1483               ### arbitrary untainting - VERY dangerous
1484               my @untainted = map {/(.+)/;$1} @$ref;
1485
1486               $self->commandline(\@untainted)
1487           }
1488

SHUTDOWN

1490       Each of the Fork and PreFork personalities support graceful shutdowns
1491       via the QUIT signal.  When a QUIT is received, the parent will signal
1492       the children and then wait for them to exit.
1493
1494       All server personalities support the normal TERM and INT signal
1495       shutdowns.
1496

HOT DEPLOY

1498       Since version 2.000, the Fork and PreFork personalities have accepted
1499       the TTIN and TTOU signals.  When a TTIN is received, the max_servers is
1500       increased by 1.  If a TTOU signal is received the max_servers is
1501       decreased by 1.  This allows for adjusting the number of handling
1502       processes without having to restart the server.
1503
1504       If the log_level is set to at 3, then the new value is displayed in the
1505       logs.
1506

FILES

1508       The following files are installed as part of this distribution.
1509
1510           Net/Server.pm
1511           Net/Server/Fork.pm
1512           Net/Server/INET.pm
1513           Net/Server/MultiType.pm
1514           Net/Server/PreForkSimple.pm
1515           Net/Server/PreFork.pm
1516           Net/Server/Single.pm
1517           Net/Server/Daemonize.pm
1518           Net/Server/SIG.pm
1519           Net/Server/Proto.pm
1520           Net/Server/Proto/*.pm
1521

INSTALL

1523       Download and extract tarball before running these commands in its base
1524       directory:
1525
1526           perl Makefile.PL
1527           make
1528           make test
1529           make install
1530

AUTHOR

1532       Paul Seamons <paul at seamons.com>
1533

THANKS

1535       As we move to a github flow, please be sure to add yourself to the
1536       credits as patches are passed along (if you'd like to be mentioned).
1537
1538       Thanks to Rob Brown (bbb at cpan.org) for help with miscellaneous
1539       concepts such as tracking down the serialized select via flock ala
1540       Apache and the reference to IO::Select making multiport servers
1541       possible.  And for researching into allowing sockets to remain open
1542       upon exec (making HUP possible).
1543
1544       Thanks to Jonathan J. Miner <miner at doit.wisc.edu> for patching a
1545       blatant problem in the reverse lookups.
1546
1547       Thanks to Bennett Todd <bet at rahul.net> for pointing out a problem in
1548       Solaris 2.5.1 which does not allow multiple children to accept on the
1549       same port at the same time.  Also for showing some sample code from
1550       Viktor Duchovni which now represents the semaphore option of the
1551       serialize argument in the PreFork server.
1552
1553       Thanks to traveler and merlyn from http://perlmonks.org for pointing me
1554       in the right direction for determining the protocol used on a socket
1555       connection.
1556
1557       Thanks to Jeremy Howard <j+daemonize at howard.fm> for numerous
1558       suggestions and for work on Net::Server::Daemonize.
1559
1560       Thanks to Vadim <vadim at hardison.net> for patches to implement
1561       parent/child communication on PreFork.pm.
1562
1563       Thanks to Carl Lewis for suggesting "-" in user names.
1564
1565       Thanks to Slaven Rezic for suggesing Reuse => 1 in Proto::UDP.
1566
1567       Thanks to Tim Watt for adding udp_broadcast to Proto::UDP.
1568
1569       Thanks to Christopher A Bongaarts for pointing out problems with the
1570       Proto::SSL implementation that currently locks around the socket accept
1571       and the SSL negotiation. See Net::Server::Proto::SSL.
1572
1573       Thanks to Alessandro Zummo for pointing out various bugs including some
1574       in configuration, commandline args, and cidr_allow.
1575
1576       Thanks to various other people for bug fixes over the years.  These and
1577       future thank-you's are available in the Changes file as well as CVS
1578       comments.
1579
1580       Thanks to Ben Cohen and tye (on Permonks) for finding and diagnosing
1581       more correct behavior for dealing with re-opening STDIN and STDOUT on
1582       the client handles.
1583
1584       Thanks to Mark Martinec for trouble shooting other problems with STDIN
1585       and STDOUT (he proposed having a flag that is now the no_client_stdout
1586       flag).
1587
1588       Thanks to David (DSCHWEI) on cpan for asking for the nofatal option
1589       with syslog.
1590
1591       Thanks to Andreas Kippnick and Peter Beckman for suggesting leaving
1592       open child connections open during a HUP (this is now available via the
1593       leave_children_open_on_hup flag).
1594
1595       Thanks to LUPE on cpan for helping patch HUP with taint on.
1596
1597       Thanks to Michael Virnstein for fixing a bug in the check_for_dead
1598       section of PreFork server.
1599
1600       Thanks to Rob Mueller for patching PreForkSimple to only open lock_file
1601       once during parent call.  This patch should be portable on systems
1602       supporting flock.  Rob also suggested not closing STDIN/STDOUT but
1603       instead reopening them to /dev/null to prevent spurious warnings.  Also
1604       suggested short circuit in post_accept if in UDP.  Also for cleaning up
1605       some of the child managment code of PreFork.
1606
1607       Thanks to Mark Martinec for suggesting additional log messages for
1608       failure during accept.
1609
1610       Thanks to Bill Nesbitt and Carlos Velasco for pointing out double
1611       decrement bug in PreFork.pm (rt #21271)
1612
1613       Thanks to John W. Krahn for pointing out glaring precended with non-
1614       parened open and ||.
1615
1616       Thanks to Ricardo Signes for pointing out setuid bug for perl 5.6.1 (rt
1617       #21262).
1618
1619       Thanks to Carlos Velasco for updating the Syslog options (rt #21265).
1620       And for additional fixes later.
1621
1622       Thanks to Steven Lembark for pointing out that no_client_stdout wasn't
1623       working with the Multiplex server.
1624
1625       Thanks to Peter Beckman for suggesting allowing Sys::SysLog keyworks be
1626       passed through the ->log method and for suggesting we allow more types
1627       of characters through in syslog_ident.  Also to Peter Beckman for
1628       pointing out that a poorly setup localhost will cause tests to hang.
1629
1630       Thanks to Curtis Wilbar for pointing out that the Fork server called
1631       post_accept_hook twice.  Changed to only let the child process call
1632       this, but added the pre_fork_hook method.
1633
1634       And just a general Thanks You to everybody who is using Net::Server or
1635       who has contributed fixes over the years.
1636
1637       Thanks to Paul Miller for some ->autoflush, FileHandle fixes.
1638
1639       Thanks to Patrik Wallstrom for suggesting handling syslog errors
1640       better.
1641
1642       Thanks again to Rob Mueller for more logic cleanup for child accounting
1643       in PreFork server.
1644
1645       Thanks to David Schweikert for suggesting handling setlogsock a little
1646       better on newer versions of Sys::Syslog (>= 0.15).
1647
1648       Thanks to Mihail Nasedkin for suggesting adding a hook that is now
1649       called post_client_connection_hook.
1650
1651       Thanks to Graham Barr for adding the ability to set the check_for_spawn
1652       and min_child_ttl settings of the PreFork server.
1653
1654       Thanks to Daniel Kahn Gillmor for adding the other_child_died_hook.
1655
1656       Thanks to Dominic Humphries for helping not kill pid files on HUP.
1657
1658       Thanks to Kristoffer Møllerhøj for fixing UDP on Multiplex.
1659
1660       Thanks to mishikal for patches for helping identify un-cleaned up
1661       children.
1662
1663       Thanks to rpkelly and tim@retout for pointing out error in header regex
1664       of HTTP.
1665
1666       Thanks to dmcbride for some basic HTTP parsing fixes, as well as for
1667       some broken tied handle fixes.
1668
1669       Thanks to Gareth for pointing out glaring bug issues with broken pipe
1670       and semaphore serialization.
1671
1672       Thanks to CATONE for sending the idea for arbitrary signal passing to
1673       children.  (See the sig_passthrough option)
1674
1675       Thanks to intrigeri@boum for pointing out and giving code ideas for
1676       NS_port not functioning after a HUP.
1677
1678       Thanks to Sergey Zasenko for adding sysread/syswrite support to SSLEAY
1679       as well as the base test.
1680
1681       Thanks to mbarbon@users. for adding tally dequeue to prefork server.
1682
1683       Thanks to stefanos@cpan for fixes to PreFork under Win32
1684
1685       Thanks to Mark Martinec for much of the initial work towards getting
1686       IPv6 going.
1687
1688       Thanks to the munin developers and Nicolai Langfeldt for hosting the
1689       development verion of Net::Server for so long and for fixes to the
1690       allow_deny checking for IPv6 addresses.
1691
1692       Thanks to Tatsuhiko Miyagawa for feedback, and for suggesting adding
1693       graceful shutdowns and hot deploy (max_servers adjustment).
1694
1695       Thanks to TONVOON@cpan for submitting a patch adding Log4perl
1696       functionality.
1697
1698       Thanks to Miko O'Sullivan for fixes to HTTP to correct tainting issues
1699       and passing initial log fixes, and for patches to fix CLOSE on tied
1700       stdout and various other HTTP issues.
1701

SEE ALSO

1703       Please see also Net::Server::Fork, Net::Server::INET,
1704       Net::Server::PreForkSimple, Net::Server::PreFork,
1705       Net::Server::MultiType, Net::Server::Single Net::Server::HTTP
1706

TODO

1708       Improve test suite to fully cover code (using Devel::Cover).  Anybody
1709       that wanted to send me patches to the t/*.t tests that improved
1710       coverage would earn a big thank you.
1711

CODE REPOSITORY

1713       https://github.com/rhandom/perl-net-server
1714

AUTHOR

1716           Paul Seamons <paul at seamons.com>
1717           http://seamons.com/
1718
1719           Rob Brown <bbb at cpan.org>
1720

LICENSE

1722       This package may be distributed under the terms of either the
1723
1724         GNU General Public License
1725           or the
1726         Perl Artistic License
1727
1728       All rights reserved.
1729

POD ERRORS

1731       Hey! The above document had some coding errors, which are explained
1732       below:
1733
1734       Around line 1754:
1735           Non-ASCII character seen before =encoding in 'Møllerhøj'. Assuming
1736           UTF-8
1737
1738
1739
1740perl v5.34.0                      2021-07-22                    Net::Server(3)
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