1Regexp::Common::net(3)User Contributed Perl DocumentationRegexp::Common::net(3)
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NAME

6       Regexp::Common::net -- provide regexes for IPv4, IPv6, and MAC
7       addresses.
8

SYNOPSIS

10           use Regexp::Common qw /net/;
11
12           while (<>) {
13               /$RE{net}{IPv4}/       and print "Dotted decimal IP address";
14               /$RE{net}{IPv4}{hex}/  and print "Dotted hexadecimal IP address";
15               /$RE{net}{IPv4}{oct}{-sep => ':'}/ and
16                                      print "Colon separated octal IP address";
17               /$RE{net}{IPv4}{bin}/  and print "Dotted binary IP address";
18               /$RE{net}{MAC}/        and print "MAC address";
19               /$RE{net}{MAC}{oct}{-sep => " "}/ and
20                                      print "Space separated octal MAC address";
21           }
22

DESCRIPTION

24       Please consult the manual of Regexp::Common for a general description
25       of the works of this interface.
26
27       Do not use this module directly, but load it via Regexp::Common.
28
29       This modules gives you regular expressions for various style IPv4,
30       IPv6, and MAC (or ethernet) addresses.
31
32   $RE{net}{IPv4}
33       Returns a pattern that matches a valid IP address in "dotted decimal".
34       Note that while 318.99.183.11 is not a valid IP address, it does match
35       "/$RE{net}{IPv4}/", but this is because 318.99.183.11 contains a valid
36       IP address, namely 18.99.183.11. To prevent the unwanted matching, one
37       needs to anchor the regexp: "/^$RE{net}{IPv4}$/".
38
39       For this pattern and the next four, under "-keep" (See Regexp::Common):
40
41       $1  captures the entire match
42
43       $2  captures the first component of the address
44
45       $3  captures the second component of the address
46
47       $4  captures the third component of the address
48
49       $5  captures the final component of the address
50
51   $RE{net}{IPv4}{dec}{-sep}
52       Returns a pattern that matches a valid IP address in "dotted decimal".
53       Leading 0s are allowed, as long as each component does not exceed 3
54       digits.
55
56       If "-sep=P" is specified the pattern P is used as the separator.  By
57       default P is "qr/[.]/".
58
59   $RE{net}{IPv4}{strict}{-sep}
60       Returns a pattern that matches a valid IP address in "dotted decimal",
61       but disallow any leading 0s.
62
63       If "-sep=P" is specified the pattern P is used as the separator.  By
64       default P is "qr/[.]/".
65
66   $RE{net}{IPv4}{hex}{-sep}
67       Returns a pattern that matches a valid IP address in "dotted
68       hexadecimal", with the letters "A" to "F" capitalized.
69
70       If "-sep=P" is specified the pattern P is used as the separator.  By
71       default P is "qr/[.]/". "-sep=""" and "-sep=" "" are useful
72       alternatives.
73
74   $RE{net}{IPv4}{oct}{-sep}
75       Returns a pattern that matches a valid IP address in "dotted octal"
76
77       If "-sep=P" is specified the pattern P is used as the separator.  By
78       default P is "qr/[.]/".
79
80   $RE{net}{IPv4}{bin}{-sep}
81       Returns a pattern that matches a valid IP address in "dotted binary"
82
83       If "-sep=P" is specified the pattern P is used as the separator.  By
84       default P is "qr/[.]/".
85
86   $RE{net}{MAC}
87       Returns a pattern that matches a valid MAC or ethernet address as colon
88       separated hexadecimals.
89
90       For this pattern, and the next four, under "-keep" (See
91       Regexp::Common):
92
93       $1  captures the entire match
94
95       $2  captures the first component of the address
96
97       $3  captures the second component of the address
98
99       $4  captures the third component of the address
100
101       $5  captures the fourth component of the address
102
103       $6  captures the fifth component of the address
104
105       $7  captures the sixth and final component of the address
106
107       This pattern, and the next four, have a "subs" method as well, which
108       will transform a matching MAC address into so called canonical format.
109       Canonical format means that every component of the address will be
110       exactly two hexadecimals (with a leading zero if necessary), and the
111       components will be separated by a colon.
112
113   $RE{net}{MAC}{dec}{-sep}
114       Returns a pattern that matches a valid MAC address as colon separated
115       decimals.
116
117       If "-sep=P" is specified the pattern P is used as the separator.  By
118       default P is "qr/:/".
119
120   $RE{net}{MAC}{hex}{-sep}
121       Returns a pattern that matches a valid MAC address as colon separated
122       hexadecimals, with the letters "a" to "f" in lower case.
123
124       If "-sep=P" is specified the pattern P is used as the separator.  By
125       default P is "qr/:/".
126
127   $RE{net}{MAC}{oct}{-sep}
128       Returns a pattern that matches a valid MAC address as colon separated
129       octals.
130
131       If "-sep=P" is specified the pattern P is used as the separator.  By
132       default P is "qr/:/".
133
134   $RE{net}{MAC}{bin}{-sep}
135       Returns a pattern that matches a valid MAC address as colon separated
136       binary numbers.
137
138       If "-sep=P" is specified the pattern P is used as the separator.  By
139       default P is "qr/:/".
140
141   $RE{net}{IPv6}{-sep => ':'}{-style => 'HeX'}
142       Returns a pattern matching IPv6 numbers. An IPv6 address consists of
143       eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, separated by colons. In each
144       group, leading zeros may be omitted. Two or more consecutive groups
145       consisting of only zeros may be omitted (including any colons
146       separating them), resulting into two sets of groups, separated by a
147       double colon.  (Each of the groups may be empty; "::" is a valid
148       address, equal to "0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000"). The hex
149       numbers may be in either case.
150
151       If the "-sep" option is used, its argument is a pattern that matches
152       the separator that separates groups. This defaults to ":". The "-style"
153       option is used to denote which case the hex numbers may be.  The
154       default style, 'HeX' indicates both lower case letters 'a' to 'f' and
155       upper case letters 'A' to 'F' will be matched. The style 'HEX'
156       restricts matching to upper case letters, and 'hex' only matches lower
157       case letters.
158
159       If "{-keep}" is used, $1 to $9 will be set. $1 will be set to the
160       matched address, while $2 to $9 will be set to each matched group. If a
161       group is omitted because it contains all zeros, its matching variable
162       will be the empty string.
163
164       Example:
165
166         "2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334" =~ /$RE{net}{IPv6}{-keep}/;
167         print $2;    # '2001'
168         print $4;    # '85a3'
169         print $6;    # Empty string
170         print $8;    # '370'
171
172       Perl 5.10 (or later) is required for this pattern.
173
174   $RE{net}{domain}
175       Returns a pattern to match domains (and hosts) as defined in RFC 1035.
176       Under I{-keep} only the entire domain name is returned.
177
178       RFC 1035 says that a single space can be a domainname too. So, the
179       pattern returned by $RE{net}{domain} recognizes a single space as well.
180       This is not always what people want. If you want to recognize
181       domainnames, but not a space, you can do one of two things, either use
182
183           /(?! )$RE{net}{domain}/
184
185       or use the "{-nospace}" option (without an argument).
186
187       RFC 1035 does not allow host or domain names to start with a digits;
188       however, this restriction is relaxed in RFC 1101; this RFC allows host
189       and domain names to start with a digit, as long as the first part of a
190       domain does not look like an IP address. If the "{-rfc1101}" option is
191       given (as in "$RE {net} {domain} {-rfc1101}"), we will match using the
192       relaxed rules.
193

REFERENCES

195       RFC 1035
196           Mockapetris, P.: DOMAIN NAMES - IMPLEMENTATION AND SPECIFICATION.
197           November 1987.
198
199       RFC 1101
200           Mockapetris, P.: DNS Encoding of Network Names and Other Types.
201           April 1987.
202

SEE ALSO

204       Regexp::Common for a general description of how to use this interface.
205

AUTHOR

207       Damian Conway damian@conway.org.
208

MAINTENANCE

210       This package is maintained by Abigail (regexp-common@abigail.be).
211

BUGS AND IRRITATIONS

213       Bound to be plenty.
214
215       For a start, there are many common regexes missing.  Send them in to
216       regexp-common@abigail.be.
217
219       This software is Copyright (c) 2001 - 2017, Damian Conway and Abigail.
220
221       This module is free software, and maybe used under any of the following
222       licenses:
223
224        1) The Perl Artistic License.     See the file COPYRIGHT.AL.
225        2) The Perl Artistic License 2.0. See the file COPYRIGHT.AL2.
226        3) The BSD License.               See the file COPYRIGHT.BSD.
227        4) The MIT License.               See the file COPYRIGHT.MIT.
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231perl v5.34.0                      2021-07-22            Regexp::Common::net(3)
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