1BUNDLE-EXEC(1)                                                  BUNDLE-EXEC(1)
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NAME

6       bundle-exec - Execute a command in the context of the bundle
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SYNOPSIS

9       bundle exec [--keep-file-descriptors] command
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DESCRIPTION

12       This  command  executes  the  command, making all gems specified in the
13       [Gemfile(5)][Gemfile(5)] available to require in Ruby programs.
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15       Essentially, if you  would  normally  have  run  something  like  rspec
16       spec/my_spec.rb,  and  you  want to use the gems specified in the [Gem‐
17       file(5)][Gemfile(5)] and installed  via  bundle  install(1)  bundle-in‐
18       stall.1.html, you should run bundle exec rspec spec/my_spec.rb.
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20       Note  that bundle exec does not require that an executable is available
21       on your shell´s $PATH.
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OPTIONS

24       --keep-file-descriptors
25              Exec in Ruby 2.0 began discarding non-standard file descriptors.
26              When  this flag is passed, exec will revert to the 1.9 behaviour
27              of passing all file descriptors to the new process.
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BUNDLE INSTALL --BINSTUBS

30       If  you  use  the  --binstubs  flag  in  bundle  install(1)  bundle-in‐
31       stall.1.html,  Bundler will automatically create a directory (which de‐
32       faults to app_root/bin) containing all  of  the  executables  available
33       from gems in the bundle.
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35       After  using --binstubs, bin/rspec spec/my_spec.rb is identical to bun‐
36       dle exec rspec spec/my_spec.rb.
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ENVIRONMENT MODIFICATIONS

39       bundle exec makes a number of changes to the  shell  environment,  then
40       executes the command you specify in full.
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42       •   make  sure that it´s still possible to shell out to bundle from in‐
43           side a command invoked by bundle exec (using $BUNDLE_BIN_PATH)
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45       •   put  the  directory  containing  executables  (like  rails,  rspec,
46           rackup) for your bundle on $PATH
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48       •   make  sure  that if bundler is invoked in the subshell, it uses the
49           same Gemfile (by setting BUNDLE_GEMFILE)
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51       •   add -rbundler/setup to $RUBYOPT, which makes sure  that  Ruby  pro‐
52           grams invoked in the subshell can see the gems in the bundle
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56       It also modifies Rubygems:
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58       •   disallow loading additional gems not in the bundle
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60       •   modify  the gem method to be a no-op if a gem matching the require‐
61           ments is in the bundle, and to raise a Gem::LoadError if it´s not
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63       •   Define Gem.refresh to be a no-op, since the source index is  always
64           frozen  when  using  bundler,  and  to prevent gems from the system
65           leaking into the environment
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67       •   Override Gem.bin_path to use the gems in the bundle, making  system
68           executables work
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70       •   Add all gems in the bundle into Gem.loaded_specs
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74       Finally, bundle exec also implicitly modifies Gemfile.lock if the lock‐
75       file and the Gemfile do not match. Bundler needs the Gemfile to  deter‐
76       mine  things  such as a gem´s groups, autorequire, and platforms, etc.,
77       and that information isn´t stored in  the  lockfile.  The  Gemfile  and
78       lockfile must be synced in order to bundle exec successfully, so bundle
79       exec updates the lockfile beforehand.
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81   Loading
82       By default, when attempting to bundle exec to a file with a  ruby  she‐
83       bang,  Bundler will Kernel.load that file instead of using Kernel.exec.
84       For the vast majority of cases, this is a performance improvement. In a
85       rare  few cases, this could cause some subtle side-effects (such as de‐
86       pendence on the exact contents of $0 or __FILE__) and the  optimization
87       can be disabled by enabling the disable_exec_load setting.
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89   Shelling out
90       Any  Ruby  code that opens a subshell (like system, backticks, or %x{})
91       will automatically use the current Bundler environment. If you need  to
92       shell  out  to  a Ruby command that is not part of your current bundle,
93       use the with_unbundled_env method with a block. Any  subshells  created
94       inside  the  block will be given the environment present before Bundler
95       was activated. For example, Homebrew commands run Ruby, but don´t  work
96       inside a bundle:
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100           Bundler.with_unbundled_env do
101             `brew install wget`
102           end
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106       Using with_unbundled_env is also necessary if you are shelling out to a
107       different bundle. Any Bundler commands run in a subshell  will  inherit
108       the  current  Gemfile, so commands that need to run in the context of a
109       different bundle also need to use with_unbundled_env.
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113           Bundler.with_unbundled_env do
114             Dir.chdir "/other/bundler/project" do
115               `bundle exec ./script`
116             end
117           end
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121       Bundler provides convenience helpers that wrap  system  and  exec,  and
122       they can be used like this:
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126           Bundler.clean_system(´brew install wget´)
127           Bundler.clean_exec(´brew install wget´)
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RUBYGEMS PLUGINS

132       At  present,  the  Rubygems  plugin  system  requires  all  files named
133       rubygems_plugin.rb on the load path of any installed gem when any  Ruby
134       code requires rubygems.rb. This includes executables installed into the
135       system, like rails, rackup, and rspec.
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137       Since Rubygems plugins can contain arbitrary Ruby code,  they  commonly
138       end up activating themselves or their dependencies.
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140       For  instance,  the gemcutter 0.5 gem depended on json_pure. If you had
141       that version of gemcutter installed (even if you also had a newer  ver‐
142       sion  without  this problem), Rubygems would activate gemcutter 0.5 and
143       json_pure <latest>.
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145       If your Gemfile(5) also contained json_pure (or a gem with a dependency
146       on  json_pure),  the  latest version on your system might conflict with
147       the version in your Gemfile(5), or the snapshot version  in  your  Gem‐
148       file.lock.
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150       If this happens, bundler will say:
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154           You have already activated json_pure 1.4.6 but your Gemfile
155           requires json_pure 1.4.3. Consider using bundle exec.
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159       In  this  situation, you almost certainly want to remove the underlying
160       gem with the problematic gem plugin. In general, the authors  of  these
161       plugins  (in this case, the gemcutter gem) have released newer versions
162       that are more careful in their plugins.
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164       You can find a list of all the gems containing gem plugins by running
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168           ruby -e "puts Gem.find_files(´rubygems_plugin.rb´)"
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172       At the very least, you should remove all but the newest version of each
173       gem  plugin, and also remove all gem plugins that you aren´t using (gem
174       uninstall gem_name).
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178                                 February 2023                  BUNDLE-EXEC(1)
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