dir(1) - f39

1DIR(1)                           User Commands                          DIR(1)
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NAME

6       dir - list directory contents
7

SYNOPSIS

9       dir [OPTION]... [FILE]...
10

DESCRIPTION

12       List  information  about  the FILEs (the current directory by default).
13       Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort  is  speci‐
14       fied.
15
16       Mandatory  arguments  to  long  options are mandatory for short options
17       too.
18
19       -a, --all
20              do not ignore entries starting with .
21
22       -A, --almost-all
23              do not list implied . and ..
24
25       --author
26              with -l, print the author of each file
27
28       -b, --escape
29              print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters
30
31       --block-size=SIZE
32              with  -l,  scale  sizes  by  SIZE  when  printing  them;   e.g.,
33              '--block-size=M'; see SIZE format below
34
35       -B, --ignore-backups
36              do not list implied entries ending with ~
37
38       -c     with  -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last change of file
39              status information); with -l: show ctime and sort by name;  oth‐
40              erwise: sort by ctime, newest first
41
42       -C     list entries by columns
43
44       --color[=WHEN]
45              color the output WHEN; more info below
46
47       -d, --directory
48              list directories themselves, not their contents
49
50       -D, --dired
51              generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
52
53       -f     list all entries in directory order
54
55       -F, --classify[=WHEN]
56              append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries WHEN
57
58       --file-type
59              likewise, except do not append '*'
60
61       --format=WORD
62              across  -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1,
63              verbose -l, vertical -C
64
65       --full-time
66              like -l --time-style=full-iso
67
68       -g     like -l, but do not list owner
69
70       --group-directories-first
71              group directories before files; can be augmented with  a  --sort
72              option, but any use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
73
74       -G, --no-group
75              in a long listing, don't print group names
76
77       -h, --human-readable
78              with -l and -s, print sizes like 1K 234M 2G etc.
79
80       --si   likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
81
82       -H, --dereference-command-line
83              follow symbolic links listed on the command line
84
85       --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
86              follow  each  command line symbolic link that points to a direc‐
87              tory
88
89       --hide=PATTERN
90              do not list implied entries matching shell  PATTERN  (overridden
91              by -a or -A)
92
93       --hyperlink[=WHEN]
94              hyperlink file names WHEN
95
96       --indicator-style=WORD
97              append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default),
98              slash (-p), file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
99
100       -i, --inode
101              print the index number of each file
102
103       -I, --ignore=PATTERN
104              do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
105
106       -k, --kibibytes
107              default to 1024-byte blocks for file  system  usage;  used  only
108              with -s and per directory totals
109
110       -l     use a long listing format
111
112       -L, --dereference
113              when showing file information for a symbolic link, show informa‐
114              tion for the file the link references rather than for  the  link
115              itself
116
117       -m     fill width with a comma separated list of entries
118
119       -n, --numeric-uid-gid
120              like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
121
122       -N, --literal
123              print entry names without quoting
124
125       -o     like -l, but do not list group information
126
127       -p, --indicator-style=slash
128              append / indicator to directories
129
130       -q, --hide-control-chars
131              print ? instead of nongraphic characters
132
133       --show-control-chars
134              show nongraphic characters as-is (the default, unless program is
135              'ls' and output is a terminal)
136
137       -Q, --quote-name
138              enclose entry names in double quotes
139
140       --quoting-style=WORD
141              use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale,  shell,
142              shell-always,   shell-escape,   shell-escape-always,  c,  escape
143              (overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable)
144
145       -r, --reverse
146              reverse order while sorting
147
148       -R, --recursive
149              list subdirectories recursively
150
151       -s, --size
152              print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
153
154       -S     sort by file size, largest first
155
156       --sort=WORD
157              sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S),  time  (-t),
158              version (-v), extension (-X), width
159
160       --time=WORD
161              select  which  timestamp  used  to  display or sort; access time
162              (-u): atime, access, use; metadata change time (-c): ctime, sta‐
163              tus;  modified  time (default): mtime, modification; birth time:
164              birth, creation;
165
166              with -l, WORD determines which time to show;  with  --sort=time,
167              sort by WORD (newest first)
168
169       --time-style=TIME_STYLE
170              time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below
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172       -t     sort by time, newest first; see --time
173
174       -T, --tabsize=COLS
175              assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
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177       -u     with  -lt:  sort by, and show, access time; with -l: show access
178              time and sort by name; otherwise: sort by  access  time,  newest
179              first
180
181       -U     do not sort; list entries in directory order
182
183       -v     natural sort of (version) numbers within text
184
185       -w, --width=COLS
186              set output width to COLS.  0 means no limit
187
188       -x     list entries by lines instead of by columns
189
190       -X     sort alphabetically by entry extension
191
192       -Z, --context
193              print any security context of each file
194
195       --zero end each output line with NUL, not newline
196
197       -1     list one file per line
198
199       --help display this help and exit
200
201       --version
202              output version information and exit
203
204       The  SIZE  argument  is  an  integer and optional unit (example: 10K is
205       10*1024).  Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y,R,Q (powers of 1024) or  KB,MB,...
206       (powers  of 1000).  Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and
207       so on.
208
209       The TIME_STYLE argument can be  full-iso,  long-iso,  iso,  locale,  or
210       +FORMAT.   FORMAT  is  interpreted  like in date(1).  If FORMAT is FOR‐
211       MAT1<newline>FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FOR‐
212       MAT2  to  recent files.  TIME_STYLE prefixed with 'posix-' takes effect
213       only outside the POSIX locale.  Also the TIME_STYLE  environment  vari‐
214       able sets the default style to use.
215
216       The  WHEN  argument  defaults  to  'always'  and  can also be 'auto' or
217       'never'.
218
219       Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by  default  and
220       with  --color=never.  With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when
221       standard output is connected to a terminal.  The LS_COLORS  environment
222       variable  can change the settings.  Use the dircolors(1) command to set
223       it.
224
225   Exit status:
226       0      if OK,
227
228       1      if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),
229
230       2      if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).
231

AUTHOR

233       Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.
234

REPORTING BUGS

236       GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
237       Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>
238

COPYRIGHT

240       Copyright © 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.   License  GPLv3+:  GNU
241       GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
242       This  is  free  software:  you  are free to change and redistribute it.
243       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
244

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

AUTHOR

REPORTING BUGS

COPYRIGHT

SEE ALSO