1LD.LLD(1) BSD General Commands Manual LD.LLD(1)
2
4 ld.lld — ELF linker from the LLVM project
5
7 ld.lld [options] objfile ...
8
10 A linker takes one or more object, archive, and library files, and com‐
11 bines them into an output file (an executable, a shared library, or an‐
12 other object file). It relocates code and data from the input files and
13 resolves symbol references between them.
14 ld.lld is a drop-in replacement for the GNU BFD and gold linkers. It ac‐
16 cepts most of the same command line arguments and linker scripts as GNU
17 linkers.
18 ld.lld currently supports i386, x86-64, ARM, AArch64, LoongArch, Pow‐
20 erPC32, PowerPC64, MIPS32, MIPS64, RISC-V, AMDGPU, Hexagon and SPARC V9
21 targets. ld.lld acts as a Microsoft link.exe-compatible linker if in‐
22 voked as lld-link and as macOS's ld if invoked as ld.ld64. All these tar‐
23 gets are always supported however ld.lld was built, so you can always use
24 ld.lld as a native linker as well as a cross linker.
25
27 Many options have both a single-letter and long form. When using the
28 long form options other than those beginning with the letter o may be
29 specified using either one or two dashes preceding the option name. Long
30 options beginning with o require two dashes to avoid confusion with the
31 -o path option.
32 --allow-multiple-definition
34 Do not error if a symbol is defined multiple times. The first
35 definition will be used.
36 --allow-shlib-undefined
38 Allow unresolved references in shared libraries. This option is
39 enabled by default when linking a shared library.
40 --apply-dynamic-relocs
42 Apply link-time values for dynamic relocations.
43 --as-needed
45 Only set DT_NEEDED for shared libraries if used.
46 --auxiliary=value
48 Set the DT_AUXILIARY field to the specified name.
49 --Bdynamic, --dy
51 Link against shared libraries.
52 --Bstatic, --static, --dn
54 Do not link against shared libraries.
55 -Bno-symbolic
57 Don't bind default visibility defined symbols locally for -shared
58 (default).
59 -Bsymbolic
61 Bind default visibility defined symbols locally for -shared. Also
62 set the DF_SYMBOLIC flag.
63 -Bsymbolic-functions
65 Bind default visibility defined function symbols locally for
66 -shared.
67 -Bsymbolic-non-weak-functions
69 Bind default visibility defined STB_GLOBAL function symbols lo‐
70 cally for -shared.
71 ---be8 Write a Big Endian ELF File using BE8 format(AArch32 only)
73 --build-id=value
75 Generate a build ID note. value may be one of fast, md5, sha1,
76 tree, uuid, 0xhex-string, and none. tree is an alias for sha1.
77 Build-IDs of type fast, md5, sha1, and tree are calculated from
78 the object contents. fast is not intended to be cryptographi‐
79 cally secure.
80 --build-id
82 Synonym for --build-id=fast.
83 --color-diagnostics=value
85 Use colors in diagnostics. value may be one of always, auto, and
86 never. auto enables color if and only if output is to a termi‐
87 nal.
88 --color-diagnostics
90 Alias for --color-diagnostics=auto.
91 --compress-debug-sections=value
93 Compress DWARF debug sections. value may be
94 none
96 No compression.
97 zlib
98 The default compression level is 1 (fastest) as the debug
99 info usually compresses well at that level. If you want to
100 compress it more, you can specify -O2 to set the compression
101 level to 6.
102 zstd
103 The compression level is 5.
104 --cref Output cross reference table. If -Map is specified, print to the
106 map file.
107 --defsym=symbol=expression
109 Define a symbol alias. expression may be another symbol or a
110 linker script expression. For example, ‘--defsym=foo=bar’ or
111 ‘--defsym=foo=bar+0x100’.
112 --demangle
114 Demangle symbol names.
115 --disable-new-dtags
117 Disable new dynamic tags.
118 --discard-all, -x
120 Delete all local symbols.
121 --discard-locals, -X
123 Delete temporary local symbols.
124 --discard-none
126 Keep all symbols in the symbol table.
127 --dynamic-linker=value
129 Specify the dynamic linker to be used for a dynamically linked
130 executable. This is recorded in an ELF segment of type
131 PT_INTERP.
132 --dynamic-list=file
134 Similar to --export-dynamic-symbol-list. When creating a shared
135 object, implies -Bsymbolic but does not set DF_SYMBOLIC
136 --EB Select the big-endian format in the OUTPUT_FORMAT command.
138 --EL Select the little-endian format in the OUTPUT_FORMAT command.
140 --eh-frame-hdr
142 Request creation of .eh_frame_hdr section and PT_GNU_EH_FRAME
143 segment header.
144 --emit-relocs, -q
146 Generate relocations in the output.
147 --enable-new-dtags
149 Enable new dynamic tags.
150 --end-lib
152 End a grouping of objects that should be treated as if they were
153 together in an archive.
154 --entry=entry
156 Name of entry point symbol.
157 --error-limit=value
159 Maximum number of errors to emit before stopping. A value of
160 zero indicates that there is no limit.
161 --error-unresolved-symbols
163 Report unresolved symbols as errors.
164 --error-handing-script=script_path
166 Call script script_path upon some error, with tag as first argu‐
167 ment, and an extra parameter as second argument. The script is
168 expected to return 0 on success. Any other value is considered a
169 generic error. tag may be missing-lib followed by the name of
170 the missing library. undefined-symbol followed by the name of
171 the undefined symbol.
172 --execute-only
174 Mark executable sections unreadable. This option is currently
175 only supported on AArch64.
176 --exclude-libs=value
178 Exclude static libraries from automatic export.
179 --export-dynamic, -E
181 Put symbols in the dynamic symbol table.
182 --export-dynamic-symbol=glob
184 (executable) Put matched non-local defined symbols to the dynamic
185 symbol table. (shared object) References to matched non-local
186 STV_DEFAULT symbols shouldn't be bound to definitions within the
187 shared object even if they would otherwise be due to -Bsymbolic ,
188 -Bsymbolic-functions or --dynamic-list
189 --export-dynamic-symbol-list=file
191 Read a list of dynamic symbol patterns from file. Apply
192 --export-dynamic-symbol on each pattern.
193 --fatal-warnings
195 Treat warnings as errors.
196 --filter=value, -F value
198 Set the DT_FILTER field to the specified value.
199 --fini=symbol
201 Specify a finalizer function.
202 --format=input-format, -b input-format
204 Specify the format of the inputs following this option.
205 input-format may be one of binary, elf, and default. default is
206 a synonym for elf.
207 --gc-sections
209 Enable garbage collection of unused sections.
210 --gdb-index
212 Generate .gdb_index section.
213 --hash-style=value
215 Specify hash style. value may be sysv, gnu, or both. both is
216 the default.
217 --help Print a help message.
219 --icf=all
221 Enable identical code folding.
222 --icf=safe
224 Enable safe identical code folding.
225 --icf=none
227 Disable identical code folding.
228 --ignore-data-address-equality
230 Ignore address equality of data. C/C++ requires each data to have
231 a unique address. This option allows lld to do unsafe optimiza‐
232 tion that breaks the requirement: create copies of read-only data
233 or merge two or more read-only data that happen to have the same
234 value.
235 --ignore-function-address-equality
237 Ignore address equality of functions. This option allows non-PIC
238 calls to a function with non-default visibility in a shared ob‐
239 ject. The function may have different addresses within the exe‐
240 cutable and within the shared object.
241 --image-base=value
243 Set the base address to value.
244 --init=symbol
246 Specify an initializer function.
247 --keep-unique=symbol
249 Do not fold symbol during ICF.
250 -l libName, --library=libName
252 Root name of library to use.
253 -L dir, --library-path=dir
255 Add a directory to the library search path.
256 --lto-aa-pipeline=value
258 AA pipeline to run during LTO. Used in conjunction with
259 --lto-newpm-passes.
260 --lto-newpm-passes=value
262 Passes to run during LTO.
263 --lto-Oopt-level
265 Optimization level for LTO.
266 --lto-partitions=value
268 Number of LTO codegen partitions.
269 -m value
271 Set target emulation.
272 --Map=file, -M file
274 Print a link map to file.
275 --nmagic, -n
277 Do not page align sections, link against static libraries.
278 --no-allow-shlib-undefined
280 Do not allow unresolved references in shared libraries. This op‐
281 tion is enabled by default when linking an executable.
282 --no-as-needed
284 Always set DT_NEEDED for shared libraries.
285 --no-color-diagnostics
287 Do not use colors in diagnostics.
288 --no-demangle
290 Do not demangle symbol names.
291 --no-dynamic-linker
293 Inhibit output of an .interp section.
294 --no-fortran-common
296 Do not search archive members for definitions to override COMMON
297 symbols.
298 --no-gc-sections
300 Disable garbage collection of unused sections.
301 --no-gnu-unique
303 Disable STB_GNU_UNIQUE symbol binding.
304 --no-merge-exidx-entries
306 Disable merging .ARM.exidx entries.
307 --no-nmagic
309 Page align sections.
310 --no-omagic
312 Do not set the text data sections to be writable, page align sec‐
313 tions.
314 --no-relax
316 Disable target-specific relaxations. For x86-64 this disables
317 R_X86_64_GOTPCRELX and R_X86_64_REX_GOTPCRELX GOT optimization.
318 --no-rosegment
320 Do not put read-only non-executable sections in their own seg‐
321 ment.
322 --undefined-version
324 Do not report version scripts that refer to undefined symbols.
325 --no-undefined
327 Report unresolved symbols even if the linker is creating a shared
328 library.
329 --no-warn-symbol-ordering
331 Do not warn about problems with the symbol ordering file or call
332 graph profile.
333 --no-warnings, -w
335 Suppress warnings and cancel --fatal-warnings.
336 --no-whole-archive
338 Restores the default behavior of loading archive members.
339 --no-pie, --no-pic-executable
341 Do not create a position independent executable.
342 --noinhibit-exec
344 Retain the executable output file whenever it is still usable.
345 --nostdlib
347 Only search directories specified on the command line.
348 -o path
350 Write the output executable, library, or object to path. If not
351 specified, a.out is used as a default.
352 -Ovalue
354 Optimize output file size. value may be:
355 0 Disable string merging.
357 1 Enable string merging.
358 2 Enable string tail merging. If --compress-debug-sections is
359 given, compress debug sections at compression level 6 instead
360 of 1.
361 -O1 is the default.
363 --oformat=format
365 Specify the format for the output object file. The only sup‐
366 ported format is binary, which produces output with no ELF
367 header.
368 --omagic, -N
370 Set the text and data sections to be readable and writable, do
371 not page align sections, link against static libraries.
372 --opt-remarks-filename file
374 Write optimization remarks in YAML format to file.
375 --opt-remarks-passes pass-regex
377 Filter optimization remarks by only allowing the passes matching
378 pass-regex.
379 --opt-remarks-with-hotness
381 Include hotness information in the optimization remarks file.
382 --orphan-handling=mode
384 Control how orphan sections are handled. An orphan section is
385 one not specifically mentioned in a linker script. mode may be:
386 place
388 Place orphan sections in suitable output sections.
389 warn
390 Place orphan sections as for place and also report a warning.
391 error
392 Place orphan sections as for place and also report an error.
393 place is the default.
395 --pack-dyn-relocs=format
397 Pack dynamic relocations in the given format. format may be:
398 none
400 Do not pack. Dynamic relocations are encoded in SHT_REL(A).
401 android
402 Pack dynamic relocations in SHT_ANDROID_REL(A).
403 relr
404 Pack relative relocations in SHT_RELR, and the rest of dy‐
405 namic relocations in SHT_REL(A).
406 android+relr
407 Pack relative relocations in SHT_RELR, and the rest of dy‐
408 namic relocations in SHT_ANDROID_REL(A).
409 none is the default. If --use-android-relr-tags is specified,
411 use SHT_ANDROID_RELR instead of SHT_RELR.
412 --pic-veneer
414 Always generate position independent thunks.
415 --pie, --pic-executable
417 Create a position independent executable.
418 --power10-stubs=mode
420 Whether to use Power10 instructions in call stubs for
421 R_PPC64_REL24_NOTOC and TOC/NOTOC interworking. mode may be:
422 yes
424 (default) Use.
425 auto
426 Currently the same as yes.
427 no Don't use.
428 --print-gc-sections
431 List removed unused sections.
432 --print-icf-sections
434 List identical folded sections.
435 --print-map
437 Print a link map to the standard output.
438 --print-archive-stats=file
440 Write archive usage statistics to the specified file. Print the
441 numbers of members and fetched members for each archive.
442 --push-state
444 Save the current state of --as-needed, --static, and
445 --whole-archive.
446 --pop-state
448 Restore the states saved by --push-state.
449 ---relax-gp
451 Enable global pointer relaxation for RISC-V.
452 --relocatable, -r
454 Create relocatable object file.
455 --remap-inputs=from-glob=to-file
457 Input files matching from-glob are mapped to to-file. Use
458 /dev/null to ignore an input file.
459 --remap-inputs-file=file
461 Remap input files based on patterns in file. Each line in the
462 remap file is of the format from-glob=to-file or a comment start‐
463 ing with #.
464 --reproduce=path
466 Write a tar file to path, containing all the input files needed
467 to reproduce the link, a text file called response.txt containing
468 the command line options and a text file called version.txt con‐
469 taining the output of ld.lld --version. The archive when un‐
470 packed can be used to re-run the linker with the same options and
471 input files.
472 --retain-symbols-file=file
474 Retain only the symbols listed in the file.
475 --rpath=value, -R value
477 Add a DT_RUNPATH to the output.
478 --rsp-quoting=value
480 Quoting style for response files. The supported values are
481 windows and posix.
482 --script=file, -T file
484 Read linker script from file. If multiple linker scripts are
485 given, they are processed as if they were concatenated in the or‐
486 der they appeared on the command line.
487 --section-start=section=address
489 Set address of section.
490 --shared, --Bsharable
492 Build a shared object.
493 --shuffle-sections=seed
495 Shuffle matched sections using the given seed before mapping them
496 to the output sections. If -1, reverse the section order. If 0,
497 use a random seed.
498 --soname=value, -h value
500 Set DT_SONAME to value.
501 --sort-common
503 This option is ignored for GNU compatibility.
504 --sort-section=value
506 Specifies sections sorting rule when linkerscript is used.
507 --start-lib
509 Start a grouping of objects that should be treated as if they
510 were together in an archive.
511 --strip-all, -s
513 Strip all symbols. Implies --strip-debug.
514 --strip-debug, -S
516 Strip debugging information.
517 --symbol-ordering-file=file
519 Lay out sections in the order specified by file.
520 --sysroot=value
522 Set the system root.
523 --target1-abs
525 Interpret R_ARM_TARGET1 as R_ARM_ABS32.
526 --target1-rel
528 Interpret R_ARM_TARGET1 as R_ARM_REL32.
529 --target2=type
531 Interpret R_ARM_TARGET2 as type, where type is one of rel, abs,
532 or got-rel.
533 --Tbss=value
535 Same as --section-start with .bss as the sectionname.
536 --Tdata=value
538 Same as --section-start with .data as the sectionname.
539 --Ttext=value
541 Same as --section-start with .text as the sectionname.
542 --thinlto-cache-dir=value
544 Path to ThinLTO cached object file directory.
545 --thinlto-cache-policy=value
547 Pruning policy for the ThinLTO cache.
548 --thinlto-jobs=value
550 Number of ThinLTO jobs.
551 --threads=N
553 Number of threads. all (default) means all of concurrent threads
554 supported. 1 disables multi-threading.
555 --time-trace
557 Record time trace.
558 --time-trace-file=file
560 Write time trace output to file.
561 --time-trace-granularity=value
563 Minimum time granularity (in microseconds) traced by time pro‐
564 filer.
565 --trace
567 Print the names of the input files.
568 --trace-symbol=symbol, -y symbol
570 Trace references to symbol.
571 --undefined=symbol, -u symbol
573 If symbol is not defined after symbol resolution, and there's a
574 static library that contains an object file defining the symbol,
575 load the member to include the object file in the output file.
576 --undefined-glob=pattern
578 Synonym for --undefined, except that it takes a glob pattern. In
579 a glob pattern, * matches zero or more characters, ? matches any
580 single character, and [...] matches the characters within brack‐
581 ets. All symbols that match a given pattern are handled as if
582 they were given as arguments of --undefined.
583 --unique
585 Creates a separate output section for every orphan input section.
586 --unresolved-symbols=value
588 Determine how to handle unresolved symbols.
589 --use-android-relr-tags
591 Use SHT_ANDROID_RELR / DT_ANDROID_RELR* tags instead of SHT_RELR
592 / DT_RELR*.
593 -v, -V Display the version number and proceed with linking if object
595 files are specified.
596 --version
598 Display the version number and exit.
599 --verbose
601 Verbose mode.
602 --version-script=file
604 Read version script from file.
605 --warn-backrefs
607 Warn about reverse or cyclic dependencies to or between static
608 archives. This can be used to ensure linker invocation remains
609 compatible with traditional Unix-like linkers.
610 --warn-backrefs-exclude=glob
612 Glob describing an archive (or an object file within --start-lib)
613 which should be ignored for --warn-backrefs
614 --warn-common
616 Warn about duplicate common symbols.
617 --warn-ifunc-textrel
619 Warn about using ifunc symbols in conjunction with text reloca‐
620 tions. Older versions of glibc library (2.28 and earlier) has a
621 bug that causes the segment that includes ifunc symbols to be
622 marked as not executable when they are relocated. As a result,
623 although the program compiles and links successfully, it gives
624 segmentation fault when the instruction pointer reaches an ifunc
625 symbol. Use -warn-ifunc-textrel to let lld give a warning, if
626 the code may include ifunc symbols, may do text relocations and
627 be linked with an older glibc version. Otherwise, there is no
628 need to use it, as the default value does not give a warning.
629 This flag has been introduced in late 2018, has no counter part
630 in ld and gold linkers, and may be removed in the future.
631 --warn-unresolved-symbols
633 Report unresolved symbols as warnings.
634 --whole-archive
636 Force load of all members in a static library.
637 --why-extract=file
639 Print to a file about why archive members are extracted.
640 --wrap=symbol
642 Redirect symbol references to __wrap_symbol and __real_symbol
643 references to symbol.
644 -z option
646 Linker option extensions.
647 dead-reloc-in-nonalloc=section_glob=value
649 Resolve a relocation in a matched non-SHF_ALLOC section
650 referencing a discarded symbol to value Accepts globs, in
651 the event of a section matching more than one option, the
652 last option takes precedence. An order of least specific
653 to most specific match is recommended.
654 execstack
656 Make the main stack executable. Stack permissions are
657 recorded in the PT_GNU_STACK segment.
658 bti-report=[none|warning|error]
660 Specify how to report the missing GNU_PROP‐
661 ERTY_AARCH64_FEATURE_1_BTI property. none is the de‐
662 fault, linker will not report the missing property other‐
663 wise will be reported as a warning or an error.
664 cet-report=[none|warning|error]
666 Specify how to report the missing GNU_PROPERTY_X86_FEA‐
667 TURE_1_IBT or GNU_PROPERTY_X86_FEATURE_1_SHSTK proper‐
668 ties. none is the default, linker will not report the
669 missing property otherwise will be reported as a warning
670 or an error.
671 force-bti
673 Force enable AArch64 BTI instruction in PLT, warn if In‐
674 put ELF file does not have GNU_PROPERTY_AARCH64_FEA‐
675 TURE_1_BTI property.
676 force-ibt
678 Force enable Intel Indirect Branch Tracking in PLT, warn
679 if an input ELF file does not have GNU_PROPERTY_X86_FEA‐
680 TURE_1_IBT property.
681 global Sets the DF_1_GLOBAL flag in the DYNAMIC section. Dif‐
683 ferent loaders can decide how to handle this flag on
684 their own.
685 ifunc-noplt
687 Do not emit PLT entries for ifunc symbols. Instead, emit
688 text relocations referencing the resolver. This is an
689 experimental optimization and only suitable for stand‐
690 alone environments where text relocations do not have the
691 usual drawbacks. This option must be combined with the
692 -z notext option.
693 initfirst
695 Sets the DF_1_INITFIRST flag to indicate the module
696 should be initialized first.
697 interpose
699 Set the DF_1_INTERPOSE flag to indicate to the runtime
700 linker that the object is an interposer. During symbol
701 resolution interposers are searched after the application
702 but before other dependencies.
703 muldefs
705 Do not error if a symbol is defined multiple times. The
706 first definition will be used. This is a synonym for
707 --allow-multiple-definition.
708 nocombreloc
710 Disable combining and sorting multiple relocation sec‐
711 tions.
712 nocopyreloc
714 Disable the creation of copy relocations.
715 nodefaultlib
717 Set the DF_1_NODEFLIB flag to indicate that default li‐
718 brary search paths should be ignored.
719 nodelete
721 Set the DF_1_NODELETE flag to indicate that the object
722 cannot be unloaded from a process.
723 nodlopen
725 Set the DF_1_NOOPEN flag to indicate that the object may
726 not be opened by dlopen(3).
727 nognustack
729 Do not emit the PT_GNU_STACK segment.
730 norelro
732 Do not indicate that portions of the object should be
733 mapped read-only after initial relocation processing.
734 The object will omit the PT_GNU_RELRO segment.
735 notext Allow relocations against read-only segments. Sets the
737 DT_TEXTREL flag in the DYNAMIC section.
738 now Set the DF_BIND_NOW flag to indicate that the run-time
740 loader should perform all relocation processing as part
741 of object initialization. By default relocations may be
742 performed on demand.
743 origin Set the DF_ORIGIN flag to indicate that the object re‐
745 quires $ORIGIN processing.
746 pac-plt
748 AArch64 only, use pointer authentication in PLT.
749 pack-relative-relocs
751 Similar to -pack-dyn-relocs=relr , but synthesizes the
752 GLIBC_ABI_DT_RELR version dependency if there is a
753 GLIBC_2.* version dependency. glibc ld.so rejects load‐
754 ing a dynamically linked object without the
755 GLIBC_ABI_DT_RELR version dependency.
756 rel Use REL format for dynamic relocations.
758 rela Use RELA format for dynamic relocations.
760 retpolineplt
762 Emit retpoline format PLT entries as a mitigation for
763 CVE-2017-5715.
764 rodynamic
766 Make the .dynamic section read-only. The DT_DEBUG tag
767 will not be emitted.
768 separate-loadable-segments
770 separate-code
771 noseparate-code
772 Specify whether two adjacent PT_LOAD segments are allowed
773 to overlap in pages. noseparate-code (default) allows
774 overlap. separate-code allows overlap between two exe‐
775 cutable segments, or two non-executable segments.
776 separate-loadable-segments disallows overlap.
777 shstk x86 only, use shadow stack.
779 stack-size=size
781 Set the main thread's stack size to size. The stack size
782 is recorded as the size of the size. PT_GNU_STACK pro‐
783 gram segment.
784 start-stop-gc
786 Don't let __start_/__stop_ references retain the associ‐
787 ated C identifier name sections (default).
788 nostart-stop-gc
790 Let __start_/__stop_ references retain the associated C
791 identifier name sections.
792 text Do not allow relocations against read-only segments.
794 This is the default.
795 wxneeded
797 Create a PT_OPENBSD_WXNEEDED segment.
798
801 LLD_REPRODUCE
802 Create a reproduce tarball with the specified filename. If
803 --reproduce is specified, --reproduce takes precedence.
804 LLD_VERSION
806 ld.lld creates a section named .comment containing the LLD ver‐
807 sion string. The version string can be overridden by this envi‐
808 ronment variable, which is useful to eliminate differences in
809 the binary caused by LLD version number differences.
810
813 ld.lld's handing of archive files (those with a .a file extension) is
814 different from traditional linkers used on Unix-like systems.
815 Traditional linkers maintain a set of undefined symbols during linking.
817 The linker processes each file in the order in which it appears on the
818 command line, until the set of undefined symbols becomes empty. An ob‐
819 ject file is linked into the output object when it is encountered, with
820 its undefined symbols added to the set. Upon encountering an archive
821 file a traditional linker searches the objects contained therein, and
822 processes those that satisfy symbols in the unresolved set.
823 Handling mutually dependent archives may be awkward when using a tradi‐
825 tional linker. Archive files may have to be specified multiple times, or
826 the special command line options --start-group and --end-group may be
827 used to have the linker loop over the files in the group until no new
828 symbols are added to the set.
829 ld.lld records all symbols found in objects and archives as it iterates
831 over command line arguments. When ld.lld encounters an undefined symbol
832 that can be resolved by an object file contained in a previously pro‐
833 cessed archive file, it immediately extracts and links it into the output
834 object.
835 With certain archive inputs ld.lld may produce different results compared
837 to traditional linkers. In practice, large bodies of third party soft‐
838 ware have been linked with ld.lld without material issues.
839 The --warn-backrefs option may be used to identify a linker invocation
841 that may be incompatible with traditional Unix-like linker behavior.
842BSD Jul 25, 2023 BSD