1newfs(1M) System Administration Commands newfs(1M)
2
6 newfs - construct a UFS file system
7
9 newfs [-NSBTv] [mkfs-options] raw-device
10
13 newfs is a "friendly" front-end to the mkfs(1M) program for making UFS
14 file systems on disk partitions. newfs calculates the appropriate
15 parameters to use and calls mkfs.
16 If run interactively (that is, standard input is a tty), newfs prompts
19 for confirmation before making the file system.
20 If the -N option is not specified and the inodes of the device are not
23 randomized, newfs calls fsirand(1M).
24 You must be super-user or have appropriate write privileges to use this
27 command, except when creating a UFS file system on a diskette. See
28 EXAMPLES.
29 Creating a Multiterabyte UFS File System
31 Keep the following limitations in mind when creating a multiterabyte
32 UFS file system:
33 o nbpi is set to 1 Mbyte unless you specifically set it
35 higher. You cannot set nbpi lower than 1 Mbyte on a multit‐
36 erabyte UFS file system.
37 o fragsize is set equal to bsize.
39
41 The following options are supported:
42 -N
44 Print out the file system parameters that would be used to create
46 the file system without actually creating the file system. fsir‐
47 and(1M) is not called here.
48 -S
51 Sends to stdout a human-readable version of the superblock that
53 would be used to create a filesystem with the specified configura‐
54 tion parameters.
55 -B
58 Sends to stdout a binary (machine-readable) version of the
60 superblock that would be used to create a filesystem with the spec‐
61 ified configuration parameters.
62 -T
65 Set the parameters of the file system to allow eventual growth to
67 over a terabyte in total file system size. This option sets frag‐
68 size to be the same as bsize, and sets nbpi to 1 Mbyte, unless the
69 -i option is used to make it even larger. If you use the -f or -i
70 options to specify a fragsize or nbpi that is incompatible with
71 this option, the user-supplied value of fragsize or nbpi is
72 ignored.
73 -v
76 Verbose. newfs prints out its actions, including the parameters
78 passed to mkfs.
79 mkfs-options
82 Options that override the default parameters are:
84 -a apc
86 The number of alternate sectors per cylinder to reserve for bad
88 block replacement for SCSI devices only. The default is 0.
89 This option is not applicable for disks with EFI labels and is
91 ignored.
92 -b bsize
95 The logical block size of the file system in bytes, either 4096
97 or 8192. The default is 8192. The sun4u architecture does not
98 support the 4096 block size.
99 -c cgsize
102 The number of cylinders per cylinder group, ranging from 16 to
104 256. The default is calculated by dividing the number of sec‐
105 tors in the file system by the number of sectors in a gigabyte.
106 Then, the result is multiplied by 32. The default value is
107 always between 16 and 256.
108 mkfs can override this value. See mkfs_ufs(1M) for details.
110 This option is not applicable for disks with EFI labels and is
112 ignored.
113 -C maxcontig
116 The maximum number of logical blocks, belonging to one file,
118 that are allocated contiguously. The default is calculated as
119 follows:
120 maxcontig = disk drive maximum transfer size / disk block size
122 If the disk drive's maximum transfer size cannot be determined,
125 the default value for maxcontig is calculated from kernel
126 parameters as follows:
127 If maxphys is less than ufs_maxmaxphys, which is typically 1
129 Mbyte, then maxcontig is set to maxphys. Otherwise, maxcontig
130 is set to ufs_maxmaxphys.
131 You can set maxcontig to any positive integer value.
133 The actual value will be the lesser of what has been specified
135 and what the hardware supports.
136 You can subsequently change this parameter by using tunefs(1M).
138 -d gap
141 Rotational delay. This option is obsolete in the Solaris 10
143 release. The value is always set to 0, regardless of the input
144 value.
145 -f fragsize
148 The smallest amount of disk space in bytes that can be allo‐
150 cated to a file. fragsize must be a power of 2 divisor of
151 bsize, where:
152 bsize / fragsize is 1, 2, 4, or 8.
154 This means that if the logical block size is 4096, legal values
156 for fragsize are 512, 1024, 2048, and 4096. When the logical
157 block size is 8192, legal values are 1024, 2048, 4096, and
158 8192. The default value is 1024.
159 For file systems greater than 1 terabyte or for file systems
161 created with the -T option, fragsize is forced to match block
162 size (bsize).
163 -i nbpi
166 The number of bytes per inode, which specifies the density of
168 inodes in the file system. The number is divided into the total
169 size of the file system to determine the number of inodes to
170 create.
171 This value should reflect the expected average size of files in
173 the file system. If fewer inodes are desired, a larger number
174 should be used. To create more inodes, a smaller number should
175 be given. The default for nbpi is as follows:
176 Disk size Density
178 Less than 1GB 2048
180 Less than 2GB 4096
181 Less than 3GB 6144
182 3GB to 1 Tbyte 8192
183 Greater than 1 Tbyte
184 or created with -T 1048576
185 The number of inodes can increase if the file system is
188 expanded with the growfs command.
189 -m free
192 The minimum percentage of free space to maintain in the file
194 system, between 0% and 99%, inclusively. This space is off-lim‐
195 its to users. Once the file system is filled to this threshold,
196 only the super-user can continue writing to the file system.
197 The default is ((64 Mbytes/partition size) * 100), rounded down
199 to the nearest integer and limited between 1% and 10%, inclu‐
200 sively.
201 This parameter can be subsequently changed using the tunefs(1M)
203 command.
204 -n nrpos
207 The number of different rotational positions in which to divide
209 a cylinder group. The default is 8.
210 This option is not applicable for disks with EFI labels and is
212 ignored.
213 -o space|time
216 The file system can either be instructed to try to minimize the
218 time spent allocating blocks, or to try to minimize the space
219 fragmentation on the disk. The default is time.
220 This parameter can subsequently be changed with the tunefs(1M)
222 command.
223 -r rpm
226 The rotational speed of the disk in revolutions per minute. The
228 default is driver- or device-specific.
229 Note that you specify rpm for newfs and rps for mkfs.
231 This option is not applicable for disks with EFI labels and is
233 ignored.
234 -s size
237 The size of the file system in sectors. The default is to use
239 the entire partition.
240 -t ntrack
243 The number of tracks per cylinder on the disk. The default is
245 taken from the disk label.
246 This option is not applicable for disks with EFI labels and is
248 ignored.
249
253 The following operands are supported:
254 raw-device
256 The name of a raw special device residing in the /dev directory
258 (for example, /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s6) on which to create the file sys‐
259 tem.
260
263 See largefile(5) for the description of the behavior of newfs when
264 encountering files greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte ( 2^31 bytes).
265
267 Example 1 Displaying the Parameters for the Raw Special Device
268 The following example verbosely displays the parameters for the raw
271 special device, c0t0d0s6. It does not actually create a new file sys‐
272 tem:
273 example# newfs -Nv /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s6
276 mkfs -F ufs -o N /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s6 1112940 54 15 8192 1024 16 10 60
277 2048 t 0 −1 8 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s6: 1112940 sectors in
278 1374 cylinders of 15 tracks, 54 sectors 569.8MB in 86 cyl
279 groups (16 c/g, 6.64MB/g, 3072 i/g) super-block backups
280 (for fsck -b #) at:
281 32, 13056, 26080, 39104, 52128, 65152, 78176, 91200, 104224, ...
282 Example 2 Creating a UFS File System
286 The following example creates a UFS file system on a diskette that is
289 managed by a volume manager that makes use of the mount point /vol.
290 example% newfs /vol/dev/aliases/floppy0
293 newfs: construct a new file system /vol/dev/aliases/floppy0: (y/n)? y
294 /vol/dev/aliases/floppy0: 2880 sectors in 80 cylinders of 2 tracks,
295 18 sectors 1.4MB in 5 cyl groups (16 c/g, 0.28MB/g, 128 i/g)
296 super-block backups (for fsck -F ufs -o b=#) at:
297 32, 640, 1184, 1792, 2336, ...
298 Example 3 Creating a UFS File System That Will Eventually Be Grown to a
302 Multiterabyte UFS File System
303 The following example creates a UFS file system that will eventually be
306 grown to a multiterabyte UFS file system.
307 This command creates a 800-Gbyte file system on the volume,
311 /dev/md/rdsk/d99.
312 # newfs -T /dev/md/rdsk/d99
315 newfs: construct a new file system /dev/md/rdsk/d99: (y/n)? y
316 /dev/md/rdsk/d99: 1677754368 sectors in 45512 cylinders of
317 144 tracks, 256 sectors
318 819216.0MB in 1821 cyl groups (25 c/g, 450.00MB/g, 448 i/g) ...
319 Then, if you increase the volume size for this file system, you can use
324 the growfs command to expand the file system. The file system is grown
325 to 1.2 terabytes in this example:
326 # growfs -v /dev/md/rdsk/d99
329 /usr/lib/fs/ufs/mkfs -G /dev/md/rdsk/d99 2516631552 /dev/md/rdsk/d99:
330 2516631552 sectors in 68268 cylinders of 144 tracks, 256 sectors
331 1228824.0MB in 2731 cyl groups (25 c/g, 450.00MB/g, 448 i/g)...
332
336 The following exit values are returned:
337 0
339 The operation was successful.
341 1, 10
344 Usage error or internal error. A message is output to STDERR
346 explaining the error.
347 Other exit values may be returned by mkfs(1M), which is called by
351 newfs.
352
354 See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
355 ┌─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
360 │ ATTRIBUTE TYPE │ ATTRIBUTE VALUE │
361 ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
362 │Availability │SUNWcsu │
363 └─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
364
366 fsck(1M), fsck_ufs(1M), fsirand(1M), mkfs(1M), mkfs_ufs(1M),
367 tunefs(1M), attributes(5), largefile(5), ufs(7FS)
368
370 newfs: No such file or directory
371 The device specified does not exist, or a disk partition was not
373 specified.
374 special: cannot open
377 You must write access to the device to use this command.
379SunOS 5.11 1 Mar 2007 newfs(1M)