1TIFFCROP(1)                                                        TIFFCROP(1)
2
3
4

NAME

6       tiffcrop  - select, copy, crop, convert, extract, and/or process one or
7       more TIFF files.
8

SYNOPSIS

10       tiffcrop [ options ] src1.tif ... srcN.tif dst.tif
11

DESCRIPTION

13       Tiffcrop processes one or more files created according to the Tag Image
14       File Format, Revision 6.0, specification into one or more TIFF file(s).
15       Tiffcrop is most often used to extract portions of an  image  for  pro‐
16       cessing  with  bar  code  recognizer or OCR software when that software
17       cannot restrict the region of interest to a  specific  portion  of  the
18       image  or  to  improve  efficiency when the regions of interest must be
19       rotated.  It can also be used to subdivide all or part of  a  processed
20       image into smaller sections and export individual images or sections of
21       images as separate files or separate images within one  or  more  files
22       derived from the original input image or images.
23
24       The available functions can be grouped broadly into three classes:
25
26              Those  that  select individual images or sections of images from
27              the input files.  The options -N for sequences or lists of indi‐
28              vidual  images in the input files, -Z for zones, -z for regions,
29              -X and -Y for fixed sized selections, -m  for  margins,  -U  for
30              units,  and  -E  for edge reference provide a variety of ways to
31              specify portions of the input image.
32
33              Those that allow the  individual  images  or  selections  to  be
34              exported  to one or more output files in different groupings and
35              control the organization of the data in the output  images.  The
36              options  -P for page size grouping, -S for subdivision into col‐
37              umns and rows and -e for export mode options that produce one or
38              more  files  from  each  input image. The options -r, -s, -t, -w
39              control strip and tile format and sizes while -B -L -c -f modify
40              the  endian  addressing scheme, the compression options, and the
41              bit fill sequence of images as they are written.
42
43              Those that perform some action on each image  that  is  selected
44              from  the input file.  The options include -R for rotate, -I for
45              inversion of the photometric interpretation and/or data  values,
46              and -F to flip (mirror) the image horizontally or vertically.
47
48       Functions  are  applied  to  the input image(s) in the following order:
49       cropping, fixed area extraction, zone and region extraction, inversion,
50       mirroring, rotation.
51
52       Functions  are  applied  to the output image(s) in the following order:
53       export mode options for grouping zones, regions, or images into one  or
54       more  files,  or  row and column divisions with output margins, or page
55       size divisions with page orientation options.
56
57       Finally, strip, tile, byte order, output  resolution,  and  compression
58       options are applied to all output images.
59
60       The  output  file(s)  may be organized and compressed using a different
61       algorithm from the input files.  By default, tiffcrop will copy all the
62       understood  tags in a TIFF directory of an input file to the associated
63       directory in the output file.  Options can be used to force the  resul‐
64       tant image to be written as strips or tiles of data, respectively.
65
66       Tiffcrop  can be used to reorganize the storage characteristics of data
67       in a file, and to reorganize, extract, rotate,  and  otherwise  process
68       the  image  data  as specified at the same time whereas tiffcp does not
69       alter the image data within the file.
70
71       Using the options for selecting individual input images and the options
72       for  exporting  images  and/or  segments defined as zones or regions of
73       each input image, tiffcrop can perform  the  functions  of  tiffcp  and
74       tiffsplit  in a single pass while applying multiple operations to indi‐
75       vidual selections or images.
76

OPTIONS

78       -h     Display the syntax summary for tiffcrop.
79
80       -v     Report the  current  version  and  last  modification  date  for
81              tiffcrop.
82
83       -N odd|even|#,#-#,#|last
84              Specify  one  or  more  series or range(s) of images within each
85              file to process.  The words odd or even may be used  to  specify
86              all  odd  or  even numbered images counting from one.  Note that
87              internally, TIFF images are numbered from zero rather  than  one
88              but since this convention is not obvious to most users, tiffcrop
89              used 1 to specifiy the first image in  a  multipage  file.   The
90              word  last  may  be used in place of a number in the sequence to
91              indicate the final image in the file without  knowing  how  many
92              images there are.  Ranges of images may be specified with a dash
93              and multiple  sets  can  be  indicated  by  joining  them  in  a
94              comma-separated  list. eg. use -N 1,5-7,last to process the 1st,
95              5th through 7th, and final image in the file.
96
97       -E top|bottom|left|right
98              Specify the top, bottom, left, or right edge  as  the  reference
99              from  which  to calcuate the width and length of crop regions or
100              sequence of postions for zones. When used with the -e option for
101              exporting  zones  or  regions, the reference edge determines how
102              composite images are arranged. Using -E  left  or  right  causes
103              successive  zones  or  regions to be merged horizontally whereas
104              using -E top or bottom causes successive zones or regions to  be
105              arranged  vertically. This option has no effect on export layout
106              when multiple zones or regions are not being exported to compos‐
107              ite images. Edges may be abbreviated to the first letter.
108
109       -e combined|divided|image|multiple|separate
110              Specify  the  export  mode  for images and selections from input
111              images.  The final filename on the command line is considered to
112              be  the destination file or filename stem for automatically gen‐
113              erated sequences of files. Modes may be abbreviated to the first
114              letter.
115
116              combined    All  images  and  selections are written to a single
117              file with multiple selections from one  image  combined  into  a
118              single image (default)
119
120              divided     All  images  and  selections are written to a single
121              file with each selection from one image written to a new image
122
123              image      Each input image is written to a  new  file  (numeric
124              filename  sequence) with multiple selections from the image com‐
125              bined into one image
126
127              multiple   Each input image is written to a  new  file  (numeric
128              filename sequence) with each selection from the image written to
129              a new image
130
131              separate   Individual selections from each image are written  to
132              separate files
133
134       -U in|cm|px
135              Specify the type of units to apply to dimensions for margins and
136              crop regions for input and output images. Inches or  centimeters
137              are  converted  to pixels using the resolution unit specified in
138              the TIFF file (which defaults to inches if not specified in  the
139              IFD).
140
141       -m #,#,#,#
142              Specify  margins  to  be removed from the input image. The order
143              must be top, left, bottom, right with only commas separating the
144              elements  of  the list. Margins are scaled according to the cur‐
145              rent units and removed before any  other  extractions  are  com‐
146              puted..
147
148       -X #   Set  the  horizontal  (X-axis)  dimension of a region to extract
149              relative to the specified origin reference. If the origin is the
150              top or bottom edge, the X axis value will be assumed to start at
151              the left edge.
152
153       -Y #   Set the vertical (Y-axis) dimension of a region to extract rela‐
154              tive  to  the  specified  origin reference. If the origin is the
155              left or right edge, the Y axis value will be assumed to start at
156              the top.
157
158       -Z #:#,#:#
159              Specify  zones  of the image designated as position X of Y equal
160              sized portions measured from the reference edge,  eg  1:3  would
161              be  first  third  of  the image starting from the reference edge
162              minus any margins specified for the  confining  edges.  Multiple
163              zones  can  be specified as a comma separated list but they must
164              reference the same edge. To extract the top quarter and the bot‐
165              tom third of an image you would use -Z 1:4,3:3.
166
167       -z x1,y1,x2,y2: ... :xN,yN,xN+1,yN+1
168              Specify a series of coordinates to define regions for processing
169              and exporting.  The coordinates represent the top left and lower
170              right  corners of each region in the current units, eg inch, cm,
171              or pixels. Pixels are counted from one to width  or  height  and
172              inches or cm are calculated from image resolution data.
173
174              Each  colon delimited series of four values represents the hori‐
175              zontal and vertical offsets from the top and left edges  of  the
176              image,  regardless of the edge specified with the -E option. The
177              first and third values represent the horizontal offsets  of  the
178              corner  points  from  the  left edge while the second and fourth
179              values represent the vertical offsets from the top edge.
180
181       -F horiz|vert
182              Flip, ie mirror, the image or extracted region  horizontally  or
183              vertically.
184
185       -R 90|180|270
186              Rotate  the  image  or  extracted region 90, 180, or 270 degrees
187              clockwise.
188
189       -I [black|white|data|both]
190              Invert color space, eg dark to light for bilevel  and  grayscale
191              images.   This can be used to modify negative images to positive
192              or to correct images that have the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATIN tag
193              set  incorrectly.  If the value is black or white, the PHOTOMET‐
194              RIC_INTERPRETATION tag is set to MinIsBlack or MinIsWhite, with‐
195              out  altering  the  image data. If the argument is data or both,
196              the data values of  the  image  are  modified.  Specifying  both
197              inverts the data and the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION tag, whereas
198              using data inverts the data but not the  PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETA‐
199              TION  tag.   No  support  for modifying the color space of color
200              images in this release.
201
202       -H #   Set the horizontal resolution of output images to # expressed in
203              the current units.
204
205       -V #   Set  the vertical resolution of the output images to # expressed
206              in the current units.
207
208       -J #   Set the horizontal margin of an output page size to #  expressed
209              in  the  current units when sectioning image into columns x rows
210              subimages using the -S cols:rows option.
211
212       -K #   Set the vertical margin of an output page size to # expressed in
213              the current units when sectioning image into columns x rows sub‐
214              miages using the -S cols:rows option.
215
216       -O portrait|landscape|auto
217              Set the output orientation of the pages or sections.  Auto  will
218              use the arrangement that requires the fewest pages.  This option
219              is only meaningful in conjunction with the -P option  to  format
220              an image to fit on a specific paper size.
221
222       -P page
223              Format  the output images to fit on page size paper. Use -P list
224              to show the supported page sizes and dimensions.  You can define
225              a  custom page size by entering the width and length of the page
226              in the current units with the following format #.#x#.#.
227
228       -S cols:rows
229              Divide each image into cols across and rows down equal sections.
230
231       -B     Force output to be written with  Big-Endian  byte  order.   This
232              option  only  has  an  effect when the output file is created or
233              overwritten and not when it is appended to.
234
235       -C     Suppress the use of ``strip chopping'' when reading images  that
236              have a single strip/tile of uncompressed data.
237
238       -c     Specify  the  compression  to use for data written to the output
239              file: none for no compression, packbits  for  PackBits  compres‐
240              sion,  lzw for Lempel-Ziv & Welch compression, jpeg for baseline
241              JPEG compression.  zip for Deflate  compression,  g3  for  CCITT
242              Group  3  (T.4) compression, and g4 for CCITT Group 4 (T.6) com‐
243              pression.  By default tiffcrop will compress data  according  to
244              the value of the Compression tag found in the source file.
245
246              The CCITT Group 3 and Group 4 compression algorithms can only be
247              used with bilevel data.
248
249              Group 3 compression  can  be  specified  together  with  several
250              T.4-specific  options:  1d  for  1-dimensional  encoding, 2d for
251              2-dimensional encoding, and fill to force each encoded  scanline
252              to  be  zero-filled  so  that the terminating EOL code lies on a
253              byte  boundary.   Group  3-specific  options  are  specified  by
254              appending  a ``:''-separated list to the ``g3'' option; e.g.  -c
255              g3:2d:fill to get 2D-encoded data with byte-aligned EOL codes.
256
257              LZW compression can  be  specified  together  with  a  predictor
258              value.   A predictor value of 2 causes each scanline of the out‐
259              put image  to  undergo  horizontal  differencing  before  it  is
260              encoded; a value of 1 forces each scanline to be encoded without
261              differencing.  LZW-specific options are specified by appending a
262              ``:''-separated  list  to the ``lzw'' option; e.g.  -c lzw:2 for
263              LZW compression with horizontal differencing.
264
265       -f     Specify the bit fill order to use in writing  output  data.   By
266              default,  tiffcrop  will  create  a  new file with the same fill
267              order as the original.  Specifying -f lsb2msb will force data to
268              be  written  with  the  FillOrder  tag  set to LSB2MSB, while -f
269              msb2lsb will force data to be written with the FillOrder tag set
270              to MSB2LSB.
271
272       -i     Ignore  non-fatal  read  errors  and  continue processing of the
273              input file.
274
275       -l     Specify the length of a tile (in pixels).  Tiffcrop attempts  to
276              set the tile dimensions so that no more than 8 kilobytes of data
277              appear in a tile.
278
279       -L     Force output to be written with Little-Endian byte order.   This
280              option  only  has  an  effect when the output file is created or
281              overwritten and not when it is appended to.
282
283       -M     Suppress the use of memory-mapped files when reading images.
284
285       -p     Specify the planar configuration to use in  writing  image  data
286              that  has  more than one sample per pixel.  By default, tiffcrop
287              will create a new file with the same planar configuration as the
288              original.   Specifying  -p  contig will force data to be written
289              with multi-sample data packed together, while -p  separate  will
290              force samples to be written in separate planes.
291
292       -r     Specify  the  number  of  rows (scanlines) in each strip of data
293              written to the output file.  By default  (or  when  value  0  is
294              specified), tiffcrop attempts to set the rows/strip that no more
295              than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a strip. If you  specify  the
296              special  value -1 it will results in infinite number of the rows
297              per strip. The entire image will be the one strip in that case.
298
299       -s     Force the output file to  be  written  with  data  organized  in
300              strips (rather than tiles).
301
302       -t     Force the output file to be written with data organized in tiles
303              (rather than strips).
304
305       -w     Specify the width of a tile (in pixels).  tiffcrop  attempts  to
306              set the tile dimensions so that no more than 8 kilobytes of data
307              appear in a tile.  tiffcrop attempts to set the tile  dimensions
308              so that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile.
309
310       Debug and dump facility
311              -D  opt1:value1,opt2:value2,opt3:value3:opt4:value4 Display pro‐
312              gram progress and/or dump raw data to non-TIFF  files.   Options
313              include  the  following  and must be joined as a comma separated
314              list. The use of this option is  generally  limited  to  program
315              debugging  and  development of future options. An equal sign may
316              be substituted for the colon in option:value pairs.
317
318              debug:N          Display  limited  program  progress  indicators
319              where larger N increase the level of detail.
320
321              format:txt|raw   Format  any  logged  data  as ASCII text or raw
322              binary values. ASCII text dumps  include  strings  of  ones  and
323              zeroes  representing  the  binary  values in the image data plus
324              identifying headers.
325
326              level:N         Specify the level of  detail  presented  in  the
327              dump  files.   This  can  vary from dumps of the entire input or
328              output image data to dumps of data processed by  specific  func‐
329              tions. Current range of levels is 1 to 3.
330
331              input:full-path-to-directory/input-dumpname
332
333              output:full-path-to-directory/output-dumpname
334
335              When dump files are being written, each image will be written to
336              a separate file with the name built by adding a numeric sequence
337              value  to  the dumpname and an extension of .txt for ASCII dumps
338              or .bin for binary dumps.
339
340              The four debug/dump options are  independent,  though  it  makes
341              little  sense to specify a dump file without specifying a detail
342              level.
343
344              Note: Tiffcrop may be compiled with -DDEVELMODE to enable  addi‐
345              tional very
346               low level debug reporting.
347

EXAMPLES

349       The  following  concatenates  two files and writes the result using LZW
350       encoding:
351              tiffcrop -c lzw a.tif b.tif result.tif
352
353       To convert a G3 1d-encoded TIFF to a single strip  of  G4-encoded  data
354       the following might be used:
355              tiffcrop -c g4 -r 10000 g3.tif g4.tif
356       (1000  is  just  a number that is larger than the number of rows in the
357       source file.)
358
359       To extract a selected set of images from a multi-image  TIFF  file  use
360       the  -N option described above. Thus, to copy the 1st and 3rd images of
361       image file "album.tif" to "result.tif":
362              tiffcrop -N 1,3 album.tif result.tif
363
364       Invert a bilevel image scan of a microfilmed document and crop off mar‐
365       gins  of  0.25  inches  on the left and right, 0.5 inch on the top, and
366       0.75 inch on the bottom. From  the  remaining  portion  of  the  image,
367       select  the  second  and  third quarters, ie, one half of the area left
368       from the center to each margin.
369              tiffcrop -U in -m 0.5,0.25,0.75,0.25 -E left -Z 2:4,3:4 -I  both
370              MicrofilmNegative.tif MicrofilmPostiveCenter.tif
371
372       Extract only the final image of a large Architectural E sized multipage
373       TIFF file and rotate it 90 degrees  clockwise  while  reformatting  the
374       output  to  fit  on tabloid sized sheets with one quarter of an inch on
375       each side:
376              tiffcrop -N last -R 90 -O auto -P tabloid -U in -J 0.25 -K  0.25
377              -H 300 -V 300 Big-PlatMap.tif BigPlatMap-Tabloid.tif
378       The  output  images will have a specified resolution of 300 dpi in both
379       directions. The orientation of each page will be determined  by  which‐
380       ever  choice  requires the fewest pages. To specify a specific orienta‐
381       tion, use the portrait or landscape option. The paper size option  does
382       not  resample the image. It breaks each original image into a series of
383       smaller images that will fit on the target paper size at the  specified
384       resolution.
385
386       Extract two regions 2048 pixels wide by 2048 pixels high from each page
387       of a multi-page input file and write each region to a  separate  output
388       file.
389              tiffcrop  -U  px  -z  1,1,2048,2048:1,2049,2048,4097 -e separate
390              CheckScans.tiff Check
391       The output file names will use the stem Check  with  a  numeric  suffix
392       which  is incremented for each region of each image, eg Check-001.tiff,
393       Check-002.tiff ...  Check-NNN.tiff. To produce a unique file  for  each
394       page of the input image with one new image for each region of the input
395       image on that page, change the export option to -e multiple.
396
397

NOTES

399       In general, bilevel, grayscale, palette and RGB(A) data with bit depths
400       from  1  to  32 bits should work in both interleaved and separate plane
401       formats. Unlike tiffcp, tiffcrop can read and write tiled  images  with
402       bits  per  sample  that are not a multiple of 8 in both interleaved and
403       separate planar format. Floating point data types are supported at  bit
404       depts of 16, 24, 32 and 64 bits per sample.
405
406       Not all images can be converted from one compression scheme to another.
407       Data with some photometric interpretations and/or bit depths  are  tied
408       to specific compression schemes and vice-versa, e.g. Group 3/4 compres‐
409       sion is only usable for bilevel data. JPEG compression is only  useable
410       on 8 bit per sample data (or 12 bit if LibTIFF was compiled with 12 bit
411       JPEG support). Support for OJPEG compressed images  is  problematic  at
412       best. Since OJPEG compression is no longer supported for writing images
413       with LibTIFF, these images will be updated to the newer  JPEG  compres‐
414       sion  when  they  are  copied or processed. This may cause the image to
415       appear color shifted or distorted after conversion.  In some cases,  it
416       is  possible  to  remove the original compression from image data using
417       the option -cnone.
418
419       Tiffcrop does not currently provide options to up or downsample data to
420       different  bit  depths or convert data from one photometric interpreta‐
421       tion to another, e.g. 16 bits per sample to 8 bits per sample or RGB to
422       grayscale.
423
424       Tiffcrop  is  very  loosely  derived from code in tiffcp with extensive
425       modifications and additions to support the selection  of  input  images
426       and  regions  and  the exporting of them to one or more output files in
427       various groupings. The image manipulation routines are entirely new and
428       additional ones may be added in the future. It will handle tiled images
429       with bit depths that are not a multiple of eight that tiffcp may refuse
430       to read.
431
432       Tiffcrop  was  designed  to handle large files containing many moderate
433       sized images with memory usage that is independent  of  the  number  of
434       images in the file.  In order to support compression modes that are not
435       based on individual scanlines, e.g. JPEG, it now reads images by  strip
436       or  tile  rather than by indvidual scanlines. In addition to the memory
437       required by the input and output buffers associated with LibTIFF one or
438       more  buffers  at  least  as  large as the largest image to be read are
439       required. The design favors large volume document processing uses  over
440       scientific  or  graphical  manipulation  of  large datasets as might be
441       found in research or remote sensing scenarios.
442

SEE ALSO

444       pal2rgb(1), tiffinfo(1), tiffcmp(1), tiffcp(1),  tiffmedian(1),  tiffs‐
445       plit(1), libtiff(3TIFF)
446
447       Libtiff library home page: http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/
448
449
450
451
452libtiff                         December, 2008                     TIFFCROP(1)
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