1TIFFCROP(1) TIFFCROP(1)
2
6 tiffcrop - select, copy, crop, convert, extract, and/or process one or
7 more TIFF files.
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10 tiffcrop [ options ] src1.tif ... srcN.tif dst.tif
11
13 Tiffcrop processes one or more files created according to the Tag Image
14 File Format, Revision 6.0, specification into one or more TIFF file(s).
15 Tiffcrop is most often used to extract portions of an image for pro‐
16 cessing with bar code recognizer or OCR software when that software
17 cannot restrict the region of interest to a specific portion of the
18 image or to improve efficiency when the regions of interest must be
19 rotated. It can also be used to subdivide all or part of a processed
20 image into smaller sections and export individual images or sections of
21 images as separate files or separate images within one or more files
22 derived from the original input image or images.
23 The available functions can be grouped broadly into three classes:
25 Those that select individual images or sections of images from
27 the input files. The options -N for sequences or lists of indi‐
28 vidual images in the input files, -Z for zones, -z for regions,
29 -X and -Y for fixed sized selections, -m for margins, -U for
30 units, and -E for edge reference provide a variety of ways to
31 specify portions of the input image.
32 Those that allow the individual images or selections to be
34 exported to one or more output files in different groupings and
35 control the organization of the data in the output images. The
36 options -P for page size grouping, -S for subdivision into col‐
37 umns and rows and -e for export mode options that produce one or
38 more files from each input image. The options -r, -s, -t, -w
39 control strip and tile format and sizes while -B -L -c -f modify
40 the endian addressing scheme, the compression options, and the
41 bit fill sequence of images as they are written.
42 Those that perform some action on each image that is selected
44 from the input file. The options include -R for rotate, -I for
45 inversion of the photometric interpretation and/or data values,
46 and -F to flip (mirror) the image horizontally or vertically.
47 Functions are applied to the input image(s) in the following order:
49 cropping, fixed area extraction, zone and region extraction, inversion,
50 mirroring, rotation.
51 Functions are applied to the output image(s) in the following order:
53 export mode options for grouping zones, regions, or images into one or
54 more files, or row and column divisions with output margins, or page
55 size divisions with page orientation options.
56 Finally, strip, tile, byte order, output resolution, and compression
58 options are applied to all output images.
59 The output file(s) may be organized and compressed using a different
61 algorithm from the input files. By default, tiffcrop will copy all the
62 understood tags in a TIFF directory of an input file to the associated
63 directory in the output file. Options can be used to force the resul‐
64 tant image to be written as strips or tiles of data, respectively.
65 Tiffcrop can be used to reorganize the storage characteristics of data
67 in a file, and to reorganize, extract, rotate, and otherwise process
68 the image data as specified at the same time whereas tiffcp does not
69 alter the image data within the file.
70 Using the options for selecting individual input images and the options
72 for exporting images and/or segments defined as zones or regions of
73 each input image, tiffcrop can perform the functions of tiffcp and
74 tiffsplit in a single pass while applying multiple operations to indi‐
75 vidual selections or images.
76
78 -h Display the syntax summary for tiffcrop.
79 -v Report the current version and last modification date for
81 tiffcrop.
82 -N odd|even|#,#-#,#|last
84 Specify one or more series or range(s) of images within each
85 file to process. The words odd or even may be used to specify
86 all odd or even numbered images counting from one. Note that
87 internally, TIFF images are numbered from zero rather than one
88 but since this convention is not obvious to most users, tiffcrop
89 used 1 to specifiy the first image in a multipage file. The
90 word last may be used in place of a number in the sequence to
91 indicate the final image in the file without knowing how many
92 images there are. Ranges of images may be specified with a dash
93 and multiple sets can be indicated by joining them in a
94 comma-separated list. eg. use -N 1,5-7,last to process the 1st,
95 5th through 7th, and final image in the file.
96 -E top|bottom|left|right
98 Specify the top, bottom, left, or right edge as the reference
99 from which to calcuate the width and length of crop regions or
100 sequence of postions for zones. When used with the -e option for
101 exporting zones or regions, the reference edge determines how
102 composite images are arranged. Using -E left or right causes
103 successive zones or regions to be merged horizontally whereas
104 using -E top or bottom causes successive zones or regions to be
105 arranged vertically. This option has no effect on export layout
106 when multiple zones or regions are not being exported to compos‐
107 ite images. Edges may be abbreviated to the first letter.
108 -e combined|divided|image|multiple|separate
110 Specify the export mode for images and selections from input
111 images. The final filename on the command line is considered to
112 be the destination file or filename stem for automatically gen‐
113 erated sequences of files. Modes may be abbreviated to the first
114 letter.
115 combined All images and selections are written to a single
117 file with multiple selections from one image combined into a
118 single image (default)
119 divided All images and selections are written to a single
121 file with each selection from one image written to a new image
122 image Each input image is written to a new file (numeric
124 filename sequence) with multiple selections from the image com‐
125 bined into one image
126 multiple Each input image is written to a new file (numeric
128 filename sequence) with each selection from the image written to
129 a new image
130 separate Individual selections from each image are written to
132 separate files
133 -U in|cm|px
135 Specify the type of units to apply to dimensions for margins and
136 crop regions for input and output images. Inches or centimeters
137 are converted to pixels using the resolution unit specified in
138 the TIFF file (which defaults to inches if not specified in the
139 IFD).
140 -m #,#,#,#
142 Specify margins to be removed from the input image. The order
143 must be top, left, bottom, right with only commas separating the
144 elements of the list. Margins are scaled according to the cur‐
145 rent units and removed before any other extractions are com‐
146 puted..
147 -X # Set the horizontal (X-axis) dimension of a region to extract
149 relative to the specified origin reference. If the origin is the
150 top or bottom edge, the X axis value will be assumed to start at
151 the left edge.
152 -Y # Set the vertical (Y-axis) dimension of a region to extract rela‐
154 tive to the specified origin reference. If the origin is the
155 left or right edge, the Y axis value will be assumed to start at
156 the top.
157 -Z #:#,#:#
159 Specify zones of the image designated as position X of Y equal
160 sized portions measured from the reference edge, eg 1:3 would
161 be first third of the image starting from the reference edge
162 minus any margins specified for the confining edges. Multiple
163 zones can be specified as a comma separated list but they must
164 reference the same edge. To extract the top quarter and the bot‐
165 tom third of an image you would use -Z 1:4,3:3.
166 -z x1,y1,x2,y2: ... :xN,yN,xN+1,yN+1
168 Specify a series of coordinates to define regions for processing
169 and exporting. The coordinates represent the top left and lower
170 right corners of each region in the current units, eg inch, cm,
171 or pixels. Pixels are counted from one to width or height and
172 inches or cm are calculated from image resolution data.
173 Each colon delimited series of four values represents the hori‐
175 zontal and vertical offsets from the top and left edges of the
176 image, regardless of the edge specified with the -E option. The
177 first and third values represent the horizontal offsets of the
178 corner points from the left edge while the second and fourth
179 values represent the vertical offsets from the top edge.
180 -F horiz|vert
182 Flip, ie mirror, the image or extracted region horizontally or
183 vertically.
184 -R 90|180|270
186 Rotate the image or extracted region 90, 180, or 270 degrees
187 clockwise.
188 -I [black|white|data|both]
190 Invert color space, eg dark to light for bilevel and grayscale
191 images. This can be used to modify negative images to positive
192 or to correct images that have the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATIN tag
193 set incorrectly. If the value is black or white, the PHOTOMET‐
194 RIC_INTERPRETATION tag is set to MinIsBlack or MinIsWhite, with‐
195 out altering the image data. If the argument is data or both,
196 the data values of the image are modified. Specifying both
197 inverts the data and the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETATION tag, whereas
198 using data inverts the data but not the PHOTOMETRIC_INTERPRETA‐
199 TION tag. No support for modifying the color space of color
200 images in this release.
201 -H # Set the horizontal resolution of output images to # expressed in
203 the current units.
204 -V # Set the vertical resolution of the output images to # expressed
206 in the current units.
207 -J # Set the horizontal margin of an output page size to # expressed
209 in the current units when sectioning image into columns x rows
210 subimages using the -S cols:rows option.
211 -K # Set the vertical margin of an output page size to # expressed in
213 the current units when sectioning image into columns x rows sub‐
214 miages using the -S cols:rows option.
215 -O portrait|landscape|auto
217 Set the output orientation of the pages or sections. Auto will
218 use the arrangement that requires the fewest pages. This option
219 is only meaningful in conjunction with the -P option to format
220 an image to fit on a specific paper size.
221 -P page
223 Format the output images to fit on page size paper. Use -P list
224 to show the supported page sizes and dimensions. You can define
225 a custom page size by entering the width and length of the page
226 in the current units with the following format #.#x#.#.
227 -S cols:rows
229 Divide each image into cols across and rows down equal sections.
230 -B Force output to be written with Big-Endian byte order. This
232 option only has an effect when the output file is created or
233 overwritten and not when it is appended to.
234 -C Suppress the use of ``strip chopping'' when reading images that
236 have a single strip/tile of uncompressed data.
237 -c Specify the compression to use for data written to the output
239 file: none for no compression, packbits for PackBits compres‐
240 sion, lzw for Lempel-Ziv & Welch compression, jpeg for baseline
241 JPEG compression. zip for Deflate compression, g3 for CCITT
242 Group 3 (T.4) compression, and g4 for CCITT Group 4 (T.6) com‐
243 pression. By default tiffcrop will compress data according to
244 the value of the Compression tag found in the source file.
245 The CCITT Group 3 and Group 4 compression algorithms can only be
247 used with bilevel data.
248 Group 3 compression can be specified together with several
250 T.4-specific options: 1d for 1-dimensional encoding, 2d for
251 2-dimensional encoding, and fill to force each encoded scanline
252 to be zero-filled so that the terminating EOL code lies on a
253 byte boundary. Group 3-specific options are specified by
254 appending a ``:''-separated list to the ``g3'' option; e.g. -c
255 g3:2d:fill to get 2D-encoded data with byte-aligned EOL codes.
256 LZW compression can be specified together with a predictor
258 value. A predictor value of 2 causes each scanline of the out‐
259 put image to undergo horizontal differencing before it is
260 encoded; a value of 1 forces each scanline to be encoded without
261 differencing. LZW-specific options are specified by appending a
262 ``:''-separated list to the ``lzw'' option; e.g. -c lzw:2 for
263 LZW compression with horizontal differencing.
264 -f Specify the bit fill order to use in writing output data. By
266 default, tiffcrop will create a new file with the same fill
267 order as the original. Specifying -f lsb2msb will force data to
268 be written with the FillOrder tag set to LSB2MSB, while -f
269 msb2lsb will force data to be written with the FillOrder tag set
270 to MSB2LSB.
271 -i Ignore non-fatal read errors and continue processing of the
273 input file.
274 -l Specify the length of a tile (in pixels). Tiffcrop attempts to
276 set the tile dimensions so that no more than 8 kilobytes of data
277 appear in a tile.
278 -L Force output to be written with Little-Endian byte order. This
280 option only has an effect when the output file is created or
281 overwritten and not when it is appended to.
282 -M Suppress the use of memory-mapped files when reading images.
284 -p Specify the planar configuration to use in writing image data
286 that has more than one sample per pixel. By default, tiffcrop
287 will create a new file with the same planar configuration as the
288 original. Specifying -p contig will force data to be written
289 with multi-sample data packed together, while -p separate will
290 force samples to be written in separate planes.
291 -r Specify the number of rows (scanlines) in each strip of data
293 written to the output file. By default (or when value 0 is
294 specified), tiffcrop attempts to set the rows/strip that no more
295 than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a strip. If you specify the
296 special value -1 it will results in infinite number of the rows
297 per strip. The entire image will be the one strip in that case.
298 -s Force the output file to be written with data organized in
300 strips (rather than tiles).
301 -t Force the output file to be written with data organized in tiles
303 (rather than strips).
304 -w Specify the width of a tile (in pixels). tiffcrop attempts to
306 set the tile dimensions so that no more than 8 kilobytes of data
307 appear in a tile. tiffcrop attempts to set the tile dimensions
308 so that no more than 8 kilobytes of data appear in a tile.
309 Debug and dump facility
311 -D opt1:value1,opt2:value2,opt3:value3:opt4:value4 Display pro‐
312 gram progress and/or dump raw data to non-TIFF files. Options
313 include the following and must be joined as a comma separated
314 list. The use of this option is generally limited to program
315 debugging and development of future options. An equal sign may
316 be substituted for the colon in option:value pairs.
317 debug:N Display limited program progress indicators
319 where larger N increase the level of detail.
320 format:txt|raw Format any logged data as ASCII text or raw
322 binary values. ASCII text dumps include strings of ones and
323 zeroes representing the binary values in the image data plus
324 identifying headers.
325 level:N Specify the level of detail presented in the
327 dump files. This can vary from dumps of the entire input or
328 output image data to dumps of data processed by specific func‐
329 tions. Current range of levels is 1 to 3.
330 input:full-path-to-directory/input-dumpname
332 output:full-path-to-directory/output-dumpname
334 When dump files are being written, each image will be written to
336 a separate file with the name built by adding a numeric sequence
337 value to the dumpname and an extension of .txt for ASCII dumps
338 or .bin for binary dumps.
339 The four debug/dump options are independent, though it makes
341 little sense to specify a dump file without specifying a detail
342 level.
343 Note: Tiffcrop may be compiled with -DDEVELMODE to enable addi‐
345 tional very
346 low level debug reporting.
347
349 The following concatenates two files and writes the result using LZW
350 encoding:
351 tiffcrop -c lzw a.tif b.tif result.tif
352 To convert a G3 1d-encoded TIFF to a single strip of G4-encoded data
354 the following might be used:
355 tiffcrop -c g4 -r 10000 g3.tif g4.tif
356 (1000 is just a number that is larger than the number of rows in the
357 source file.)
358 To extract a selected set of images from a multi-image TIFF file use
360 the -N option described above. Thus, to copy the 1st and 3rd images of
361 image file "album.tif" to "result.tif":
362 tiffcrop -N 1,3 album.tif result.tif
363 Invert a bilevel image scan of a microfilmed document and crop off mar‐
365 gins of 0.25 inches on the left and right, 0.5 inch on the top, and
366 0.75 inch on the bottom. From the remaining portion of the image,
367 select the second and third quarters, ie, one half of the area left
368 from the center to each margin.
369 tiffcrop -U in -m 0.5,0.25,0.75,0.25 -E left -Z 2:4,3:4 -I both
370 MicrofilmNegative.tif MicrofilmPostiveCenter.tif
371 Extract only the final image of a large Architectural E sized multipage
373 TIFF file and rotate it 90 degrees clockwise while reformatting the
374 output to fit on tabloid sized sheets with one quarter of an inch on
375 each side:
376 tiffcrop -N last -R 90 -O auto -P tabloid -U in -J 0.25 -K 0.25
377 -H 300 -V 300 Big-PlatMap.tif BigPlatMap-Tabloid.tif
378 The output images will have a specified resolution of 300 dpi in both
379 directions. The orientation of each page will be determined by which‐
380 ever choice requires the fewest pages. To specify a specific orienta‐
381 tion, use the portrait or landscape option. The paper size option does
382 not resample the image. It breaks each original image into a series of
383 smaller images that will fit on the target paper size at the specified
384 resolution.
385 Extract two regions 2048 pixels wide by 2048 pixels high from each page
387 of a multi-page input file and write each region to a separate output
388 file.
389 tiffcrop -U px -z 1,1,2048,2048:1,2049,2048,4097 -e separate
390 CheckScans.tiff Check
391 The output file names will use the stem Check with a numeric suffix
392 which is incremented for each region of each image, eg Check-001.tiff,
393 Check-002.tiff ... Check-NNN.tiff. To produce a unique file for each
394 page of the input image with one new image for each region of the input
395 image on that page, change the export option to -e multiple.
396
399 In general, bilevel, grayscale, palette and RGB(A) data with bit depths
400 from 1 to 32 bits should work in both interleaved and separate plane
401 formats. Unlike tiffcp, tiffcrop can read and write tiled images with
402 bits per sample that are not a multiple of 8 in both interleaved and
403 separate planar format. Floating point data types are supported at bit
404 depts of 16, 24, 32 and 64 bits per sample.
405 Not all images can be converted from one compression scheme to another.
407 Data with some photometric interpretations and/or bit depths are tied
408 to specific compression schemes and vice-versa, e.g. Group 3/4 compres‐
409 sion is only usable for bilevel data. JPEG compression is only useable
410 on 8 bit per sample data (or 12 bit if LibTIFF was compiled with 12 bit
411 JPEG support). Support for OJPEG compressed images is problematic at
412 best. Since OJPEG compression is no longer supported for writing images
413 with LibTIFF, these images will be updated to the newer JPEG compres‐
414 sion when they are copied or processed. This may cause the image to
415 appear color shifted or distorted after conversion. In some cases, it
416 is possible to remove the original compression from image data using
417 the option -cnone.
418 Tiffcrop does not currently provide options to up or downsample data to
420 different bit depths or convert data from one photometric interpreta‐
421 tion to another, e.g. 16 bits per sample to 8 bits per sample or RGB to
422 grayscale.
423 Tiffcrop is very loosely derived from code in tiffcp with extensive
425 modifications and additions to support the selection of input images
426 and regions and the exporting of them to one or more output files in
427 various groupings. The image manipulation routines are entirely new and
428 additional ones may be added in the future. It will handle tiled images
429 with bit depths that are not a multiple of eight that tiffcp may refuse
430 to read.
431 Tiffcrop was designed to handle large files containing many moderate
433 sized images with memory usage that is independent of the number of
434 images in the file. In order to support compression modes that are not
435 based on individual scanlines, e.g. JPEG, it now reads images by strip
436 or tile rather than by indvidual scanlines. In addition to the memory
437 required by the input and output buffers associated with LibTIFF one or
438 more buffers at least as large as the largest image to be read are
439 required. The design favors large volume document processing uses over
440 scientific or graphical manipulation of large datasets as might be
441 found in research or remote sensing scenarios.
442
444 pal2rgb(1), tiffinfo(1), tiffcmp(1), tiffcp(1), tiffmedian(1), tiffs‐
445 plit(1), libtiff(3TIFF)
446 Libtiff library home page: http://www.remotesensing.org/libtiff/
448libtiff December, 2008 TIFFCROP(1)