1CONSOLE(4)                 Linux Programmer's Manual                CONSOLE(4)
2
3
4

NAME

6       console - console terminal and virtual consoles
7

DESCRIPTION

9       A  Linux  system  has up to 63 virtual consoles (character devices with
10       major number 4 and minor number 1 to 63), usually called /dev/ttyn with
11       1  ≤  n ≤ 63.  The current console is also addressed by /dev/console or
12       /dev/tty0, the character device with major number 4 and minor number 0.
13       The  device  files /dev/* are usually created using the script MAKEDEV,
14       or using mknod(1), usually with mode 0622 and owner root.tty.
15
16       Before kernel version 1.1.54 the number of virtual  consoles  was  com‐
17       piled  into  the  kernel (in tty.h: #define NR_CONSOLES 8) and could be
18       changed by editing and recompiling.  Since version 1.1.54 virtual  con‐
19       soles are created on the fly, as soon as they are needed.
20
21       Common  ways  to start a process on a console are: (a) tell init(8) (in
22       inittab(5)) to start a mingetty(8) (or agetty(8)) on the  console;  (b)
23       ask  openvt(1) to start a process on the console; (c) start X — it will
24       find the first unused console, and display its output there.  (There is
25       also the ancient doshell(8).)
26
27       Common  ways  to  switch consoles are: (a) use Alt+Fn or Ctrl+Alt+Fn to
28       switch to console n; AltGr+Fn might bring you to console n+12 [here Alt
29       and  AltGr refer to the left and right Alt keys, respectively]; (b) use
30       Alt+RightArrow or Alt+LeftArrow to cycle through  the  presently  allo‐
31       cated  consoles; (c) use the program chvt(1).  (The key mapping is user
32       settable, see loadkeys(1); the above  mentioned  key  combinations  are
33       according to the default settings.)
34
35       The command deallocvt(1) (formerly disalloc) will free the memory taken
36       by the screen buffers for consoles that no longer have  any  associated
37       process.
38
39   Properties
40       Consoles  carry  a  lot  of  state.  I hope to document that some other
41       time.  The most important fact is that the consoles simulate vt100 ter‐
42       minals.   In  particular,  a  console  is reset to the initial state by
43       printing the two characters ESC c.  All escape sequences can  be  found
44       in console_codes(4).
45

FILES

47       /dev/console
48       /dev/tty*
49

SEE ALSO

51       chvt(1),   deallocvt(1),   loadkeys(1),   mknod(1),   openvt(1),   con‐
52       sole_codes(4),   console_ioctl(4),   tty(4),   ttyS(4),    charsets(7),
53       agetty(8), init(8), mapscrn(8), mingetty(8), resizecons(8), setfont(8)
54

COLOPHON

56       This  page  is  part of release 3.22 of the Linux man-pages project.  A
57       description of the project, and information about reporting  bugs,  can
58       be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
59
60
61
62Linux                             1994-10-31                        CONSOLE(4)
Impressum