1socket(n) Tcl Built-In Commands socket(n)
2______________________________________________________________________________
6
8 socket - Open a TCP network connection
9
11 socket ?options? host port
12 socket -server command ?options? port
14_________________________________________________________________
15
18 This command opens a network socket and returns a channel identifier
19 that may be used in future invocations of commands like read, puts and
20 flush. At present only the TCP network protocol is supported; future
21 releases may include support for additional protocols. The socket com‐
22 mand may be used to open either the client or server side of a connec‐
23 tion, depending on whether the -server switch is specified.
24 Note that the default encoding for all sockets is the system encoding,
26 as returned by encoding system. Most of the time, you will need to use
27 fconfigure to alter this to something else, such as utf-8 (ideal for
28 communicating with other Tcl processes) or iso8859-1 (useful for many
29 network protocols, especially the older ones).
30
32 If the -server option is not specified, then the client side of a con‐
33 nection is opened and the command returns a channel identifier that can
34 be used for both reading and writing. Port and host specify a port to
35 connect to; there must be a server accepting connections on this port.
36 Port is an integer port number (or service name, where supported and
37 understood by the host operating system) and host is either a domain-
38 style name such as www.tcl.tk or a numerical IP address such as
39 127.0.0.1. Use localhost to refer to the host on which the command is
40 invoked.
41 The following options may also be present before host to specify addi‐
43 tional information about the connection:
44 -myaddr addr
46 Addr gives the domain-style name or numerical IP address of the
47 client-side network interface to use for the connection. This
48 option may be useful if the client machine has multiple network
49 interfaces. If the option is omitted then the client-side
50 interface will be chosen by the system software.
51 -myport port
53 Port specifies an integer port number (or service name, where
54 supported and understood by the host operating system) to use
55 for the client's side of the connection. If this option is
56 omitted, the client's port number will be chosen at random by
57 the system software.
58 -async The -async option will cause the client socket to be connected
60 asynchronously. This means that the socket will be created imme‐
61 diately but may not yet be connected to the server, when the
62 call to socket returns. When a gets or flush is done on the
63 socket before the connection attempt succeeds or fails, if the
64 socket is in blocking mode, the operation will wait until the
65 connection is completed or fails. If the socket is in nonblock‐
66 ing mode and a gets or flush is done on the socket before the
67 connection attempt succeeds or fails, the operation returns
68 immediately and fblocked on the socket returns 1. Synchronous
69 client sockets may be switched (after they have connected) to
70 operating in asynchronous mode using:
71 fconfigure chan -blocking 0
72 See the fconfigure command for more details.
74
76 If the -server option is specified then the new socket will be a server
77 for the port given by port (either an integer or a service name, where
78 supported and understood by the host operating system; if port is zero,
79 the operating system will allocate a free port to the server socket
80 which may be discovered by using fconfigure to read the -sockname
81 option). Tcl will automatically accept connections to the given port.
82 For each connection Tcl will create a new channel that may be used to
83 communicate with the client. Tcl then invokes command with three addi‐
84 tional arguments: the name of the new channel, the address, in network
85 address notation, of the client's host, and the client's port number.
86 The following additional option may also be specified before host:
88 -myaddr addr
90 Addr gives the domain-style name or numerical IP address of the
91 server-side network interface to use for the connection. This
92 option may be useful if the server machine has multiple network
93 interfaces. If the option is omitted then the server socket is
94 bound to the special address INADDR_ANY so that it can accept
95 connections from any interface.
96 Server channels cannot be used for input or output; their sole use is
98 to accept new client connections. The channels created for each incom‐
99 ing client connection are opened for input and output. Closing the
100 server channel shuts down the server so that no new connections will be
101 accepted; however, existing connections will be unaffected.
102 Server sockets depend on the Tcl event mechanism to find out when new
104 connections are opened. If the application does not enter the event
105 loop, for example by invoking the vwait command or calling the C proce‐
106 dure Tcl_DoOneEvent, then no connections will be accepted.
107 If port is specified as zero, the operating system will allocate an
109 unused port for use as a server socket. The port number actually allo‐
110 cated may be retrieved from the created server socket using the fcon‐
111 figure command to retrieve the -sockname option as described below.
112
114 The fconfigure command can be used to query several readonly configura‐
115 tion options for socket channels:
116 -error This option gets the current error status of the given socket.
118 This is useful when you need to determine if an asynchronous
119 connect operation succeeded. If there was an error, the error
120 message is returned. If there was no error, an empty string is
121 returned.
122 -sockname
124 This option returns a list of three elements, the address, the
125 host name and the port number for the socket. If the host name
126 cannot be computed, the second element is identical to the
127 address, the first element of the list.
128 -peername
130 This option is not supported by server sockets. For client and
131 accepted sockets, this option returns a list of three elements;
132 these are the address, the host name and the port to which the
133 peer socket is connected or bound. If the host name cannot be
134 computed, the second element of the list is identical to the
135 address, its first element.
136
138 Here is a very simple time server:
139 proc Server {channel clientaddr clientport} {
140 puts "Connection from $clientaddr registered"
141 puts $channel [clock format [clock seconds]]
142 close $channel
143 }
144 socket -server Server 9900
146 vwait forever
147 And here is the corresponding client to talk to the server:
149 set server localhost
150 set sockChan [socket $server 9900]
151 gets $sockChan line
152 close $sockChan
153 puts "The time on $server is $line"
154
157 fconfigure(n), flush(n), open(n), read(n)
158
161 bind, channel, connection, domain name, host, network address, socket,
162 tcp
163Tcl 8.0 socket(n)