1IOPL(2) Linux Programmer's Manual IOPL(2)
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6 iopl - change I/O privilege level
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9 #include <sys/io.h>
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11 int iopl(int level);
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14 iopl() changes the I/O privilege level of the calling process, as spec‐
15 ified by the two least significant bits in level.
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17 This call is necessary to allow 8514-compatible X servers to run under
18 Linux. Since these X servers require access to all 65536 I/O ports,
19 the ioperm(2) call is not sufficient.
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21 In addition to granting unrestricted I/O port access, running at a
22 higher I/O privilege level also allows the process to disable inter‐
23 rupts. This will probably crash the system, and is not recommended.
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25 Permissions are inherited by fork(2) and execve(2).
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27 The I/O privilege level for a normal process is 0.
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29 This call is mostly for the i386 architecture. On many other architec‐
30 tures it does not exist or will always return an error.
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33 On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and errno is
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37 EINVAL level is greater than 3.
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39 ENOSYS This call is unimplemented.
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41 EPERM The calling process has insufficient privilege to call iopl();
42 the CAP_SYS_RAWIO capability is required to raise the I/O privi‐
43 lege level above its current value.
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46 iopl() is Linux-specific and should not be used in programs that are
47 intended to be portable.
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50 Libc5 treats it as a system call and has a prototype in <unistd.h>.
51 Glibc1 does not have a prototype. Glibc2 has a prototype both in
52 <sys/io.h> and in <sys/perm.h>. Avoid the latter, it is available on
53 i386 only.
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56 ioperm(2), outb(2), capabilities(7)
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59 This page is part of release 3.53 of the Linux man-pages project. A
60 description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
61 be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
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65Linux 2013-03-15 IOPL(2)