1PERLDIAG(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLDIAG(1)
2
3
4
6 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
7
9 These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of
10 desperation):
11
12 (W) A warning (optional).
13 (D) A deprecation (enabled by default).
14 (S) A severe warning (enabled by default).
15 (F) A fatal error (trappable).
16 (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable).
17 (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable).
18 (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl).
19
20 The majority of messages from the first three classifications above (W,
21 D & S) can be controlled using the "warnings" pragma.
22
23 If a message can be controlled by the "warnings" pragma, its warning
24 category is included with the classification letter in the description
25 below. E.g. "(W closed)" means a warning in the "closed" category.
26
27 Optional warnings are enabled by using the "warnings" pragma or the -w
28 and -W switches. Warnings may be captured by setting $SIG{__WARN__} to
29 a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead of
30 printing it. See perlvar.
31
32 Severe warnings are always enabled, unless they are explicitly disabled
33 with the "warnings" pragma or the -X switch.
34
35 Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See "eval" in
36 perlfunc. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively disabled or
37 promoted to fatal errors using the "warnings" pragma. See warnings.
38
39 The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or
40 lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are
41 denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are
42 ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than
43 letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a
44 letter.
45
46 accept() on closed socket %s
47 (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you
48 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
49 "accept" in perlfunc.
50
51 Aliasing via reference is experimental
52 (S experimental::refaliasing) This warning is emitted if you use a
53 reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment to
54 alias one variable to another. Simply suppress the warning if you
55 want to use the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking
56 the risk of using an experimental feature which may change or be
57 removed in a future Perl version:
58
59 no warnings "experimental::refaliasing";
60 use feature "refaliasing";
61 \$x = \$y;
62
63 Allocation too large: %x
64 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
65
66 '%c' allowed only after types %s in %s
67 (F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in pack() or
68 unpack() only after certain types. See "pack" in perlfunc.
69
70 alpha->numify() is lossy
71 (W numeric) An alpha version can not be numified without losing
72 information.
73
74 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &
75 (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a
76 Perl keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for
77 calling one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because
78 the subroutine is not imported.
79
80 To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an
81 ampersand before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its
82 package. Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend
83 that it's imported with the "use subs" pragma).
84
85 To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the "CORE::"
86 prefix on the operator (e.g. "CORE::log($x)") or declare the
87 subroutine to be an object method (see "Subroutine Attributes" in
88 perlsub or attributes).
89
90 Ambiguous range in transliteration operator
91 (F) You wrote something like "tr/a-z-0//" which doesn't mean
92 anything at all. To include a "-" character in a transliteration,
93 put it either first or last. (In the past, "tr/a-z-0//" was
94 synonymous with "tr/a-y//", which was probably not what you would
95 have expected.)
96
97 Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s
98 (S ambiguous) You said something that may not be interpreted the
99 way you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by
100 supplying a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or
101 declaration.
102
103 Ambiguous use of -%s resolved as -&%s()
104 (S ambiguous) You wrote something like "-foo", which might be the
105 string "-foo", or a call to the function "foo", negated. If you
106 meant the string, just write "-foo". If you meant the function
107 call, write "-foo()".
108
109 Ambiguous use of %c resolved as operator %c
110 (S ambiguous) "%", "&", and "*" are both infix operators (modulus,
111 bitwise and, and multiplication) and initial special characters
112 (denoting hashes, subroutines and typeglobs), and you said
113 something like "*foo * foo" that might be interpreted as either of
114 them. We assumed you meant the infix operator, but please try to
115 make it more clear -- in the example given, you might write "*foo *
116 foo()" if you really meant to multiply a glob by the result of
117 calling a function.
118
119 Ambiguous use of %c{%s} resolved to %c%s
120 (W ambiguous) You wrote something like "@{foo}", which might be
121 asking for the variable @foo, or it might be calling a function
122 named foo, and dereferencing it as an array reference. If you
123 wanted the variable, you can just write @foo. If you wanted to
124 call the function, write "@{foo()}" ... or you could just not have
125 a variable and a function with the same name, and save yourself a
126 lot of trouble.
127
128 Ambiguous use of %c{%s[...]} resolved to %c%s[...]
129 Ambiguous use of %c{%s{...}} resolved to %c%s{...}
130 (W ambiguous) You wrote something like "${foo[2]}" (where foo
131 represents the name of a Perl keyword), which might be looking for
132 element number 2 of the array named @foo, in which case please
133 write $foo[2], or you might have meant to pass an anonymous
134 arrayref to the function named foo, and then do a scalar deref on
135 the value it returns. If you meant that, write "${foo([2])}".
136
137 In regular expressions, the "${foo[2]}" syntax is sometimes
138 necessary to disambiguate between array subscripts and character
139 classes. "/$length[2345]/", for instance, will be interpreted as
140 $length followed by the character class "[2345]". If an array
141 subscript is what you want, you can avoid the warning by changing
142 "/${length[2345]}/" to the unsightly "/${\$length[2345]}/", by
143 renaming your array to something that does not coincide with a
144 built-in keyword, or by simply turning off warnings with "no
145 warnings 'ambiguous';".
146
147 '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line
148 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
149 redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also
150 tried to redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a
151 customer, please.
152
153 '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line
154 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
155 redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file
156 and into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the
157 other, though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or
158 Perl script which 'splits' output into two streams, such as
159
160 open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!";
161 while (<STDIN>) {
162 print;
163 print OUT;
164 }
165 close OUT;
166
167 Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s)
168 (W misc) The pattern match ("//"), substitution ("s///"), and
169 transliteration ("tr///") operators work on scalar values. If you
170 apply one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array
171 or hash to a scalar value (the length of an array, or the
172 population info of a hash) and then work on that scalar value.
173 This is probably not what you meant to do. See "grep" in perlfunc
174 and "map" in perlfunc for alternatives.
175
176 Arg too short for msgsnd
177 (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long).
178
179 Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s
180 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an
181 operator that expected a numeric value instead. If you're
182 fortunate the message will identify which operator was so
183 unfortunate.
184
185 Note that for the "Inf" and "NaN" (infinity and not-a-number) the
186 definition of "numeric" is somewhat unusual: the strings themselves
187 (like "Inf") are considered numeric, and anything following them is
188 considered non-numeric.
189
190 Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer "%s"
191 (W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O
192 system you forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers
193 take care of transforming data between external and internal
194 representations.) Perl stopped parsing the layer list at this
195 point and did not attempt to push this layer. If your program
196 didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the
197 result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
198
199 Argument "%s" treated as 0 in increment (++)
200 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to the "++"
201 operator which expects either a number or a string matching
202 "/^[a-zA-Z]*[0-9]*\z/". See "Auto-increment and Auto-decrement" in
203 perlop for details.
204
205 Array passed to stat will be coerced to a scalar%s
206 (W syntax) You called stat() on an array, but the array will be
207 coerced to a scalar - the number of elements in the array.
208
209 A signature parameter must start with '$', '@' or '%'
210 (F) Each subroutine signature parameter declaration must start with
211 a valid sigil; for example:
212
213 sub foo ($a, $, $b = 1, @c) {}
214
215 A slurpy parameter may not have a default value
216 (F) Only scalar subroutine signature parameters may have a default
217 value; for example:
218
219 sub foo ($a = 1) {} # legal
220 sub foo (@a = (1)) {} # invalid
221 sub foo (%a = (a => b)) {} # invalid
222
223 assertion botched: %s
224 (X) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal
225 failure.
226
227 Assertion %s failed: file "%s", line %d
228 (X) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be
229 examined.
230
231 Assigned value is not a reference
232 (F) You tried to assign something that was not a reference to an
233 lvalue reference (e.g., "\$x = $y"). If you meant to make $x an
234 alias to $y, use "\$x = \$y".
235
236 Assigned value is not %s reference
237 (F) You tried to assign a reference to a reference constructor, but
238 the two references were not of the same type. You cannot alias a
239 scalar to an array, or an array to a hash; the two types must
240 match.
241
242 \$x = \@y; # error
243 \@x = \%y; # error
244 $y = [];
245 \$x = $y; # error; did you mean \$y?
246
247 Assigning non-zero to $[ is no longer possible
248 (F) When the "array_base" feature is disabled (e.g., under "use
249 v5.16;") the special variable $[, which is deprecated, is now a
250 fixed zero value.
251
252 Assignment to both a list and a scalar
253 (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd
254 arguments must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise
255 Perl won't know which context to supply to the right side.
256
257 Assuming NOT a POSIX class since %s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
258 m/%s/
259 (W regexp) You had something like these:
260
261 [[:alnum]]
262 [[:digit:xyz]
263
264 They look like they might have been meant to be the POSIX classes
265 "[:alnum:]" or "[:digit:]". If so, they should be written:
266
267 [[:alnum:]]
268 [[:digit:]xyz]
269
270 Since these aren't legal POSIX class specifications, but are legal
271 bracketed character classes, Perl treats them as the latter. In
272 the first example, it matches the characters ":", "[", "a", "l",
273 "m", "n", and "u".
274
275 If these weren't meant to be POSIX classes, this warning message is
276 spurious, and can be suppressed by reordering things, such as
277
278 [[al:num]]
279
280 or
281
282 [[:munla]]
283
284 <> at require-statement should be quotes
285 (F) You wrote "require <file>" when you should have written
286 "require 'file'".
287
288 Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash
289 (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not
290 in the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash.
291
292 Attempt to bless into a freed package
293 (F) You wrote "bless $foo" with one argument after somehow causing
294 the current package to be freed. Perl cannot figure out what to
295 do, so it throws up in hands in despair.
296
297 Attempt to bless into a reference
298 (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to
299 be the name of the package to bless the resulting object into.
300 You've supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote
301
302 bless $self, $proto;
303
304 when you intended
305
306 bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto;
307
308 If you actually want to bless into the stringified version of the
309 reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for example
310 by:
311
312 bless $self, "$proto";
313
314 Attempt to clear deleted array
315 (S debugging) An array was assigned to when it was being freed.
316 Freed values are not supposed to be visible to Perl code. This can
317 also happen if XS code calls "av_clear" from a custom magic
318 callback on the array.
319
320 Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash
321 (F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a
322 key which is not in its key set.
323
324 Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash
325 (F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been
326 declared readonly from a restricted hash.
327
328 Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%x
329 (S internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from
330 arenas that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was
331 discovered to be outside any of those arenas.
332
333 Attempt to free nonexistent shared string '%s'%s
334 (S internal) Perl maintains a reference-counted internal table of
335 strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other
336 strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference
337 count of a string that can no longer be found in the table.
338
339 Attempt to free temp prematurely: SV 0x%x
340 (S debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the
341 free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing
342 the SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means
343 that the free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar
344 when it does try to free it.
345
346 Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers
347 (S internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases.
348
349 Attempt to free unreferenced scalar: SV 0x%x
350 (S internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar
351 to see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone
352 to 0 earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was
353 freed. This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many
354 times, or that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the
355 SV was mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has
356 been corrupted.
357
358 Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value
359 (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a
360 function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template.
361 This means the result contains a pointer to a location that could
362 become invalid anytime, even before the end of the current
363 statement. Use literals or global values as arguments to the "p"
364 pack() template to avoid this warning.
365
366 Attempt to reload %s aborted.
367 (F) You tried to load a file with "use" or "require" that failed to
368 compile once already. Perl will not try to compile this file again
369 unless you delete its entry from %INC. See "require" in perlfunc
370 and "%INC" in perlvar.
371
372 Attempt to set length of freed array
373 (W misc) You tried to set the length of an array which has been
374 freed. You can do this by storing a reference to the scalar
375 representing the last index of an array and later assigning through
376 that reference. For example
377
378 $r = do {my @a; \$#a};
379 $$r = 503
380
381 Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr
382 (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to
383 substr() used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you
384 forgot to dereference it first. See "substr" in perlfunc.
385
386 Attribute "locked" is deprecated, and will disappear in Perl 5.28
387 (D deprecated) You have used the attributes pragma to modify the
388 "locked" attribute on a code reference. The :locked attribute is
389 obsolete, has had no effect since 5005 threads were removed, and
390 will be removed in a Perl 5.28.
391
392 Attribute prototype(%s) discards earlier prototype attribute in same
393 sub
394 (W misc) A sub was declared as sub foo : prototype(A) :
395 prototype(B) {}, for example. Since each sub can only have one
396 prototype, the earlier declaration(s) are discarded while the last
397 one is applied.
398
399 Attribute "unique" is deprecated, and will disappear in Perl 5.28
400 (D deprecated) You have used the attributes pragma to modify the
401 "unique" attribute on an array, hash or scalar reference. The
402 :unique attribute has had no effect since Perl 5.8.8, and will be
403 removed in a Perl 5.28.
404
405 av_reify called on tied array
406 (S debugging) This indicates that something went wrong and Perl got
407 very confused about @_ or @DB::args being tied.
408
409 Bad arg length for %s, is %u, should be %d
410 (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(),
411 semctl() or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are,
412 respectively, sizeof(struct msqid_ds *), sizeof(struct semid_ds *),
413 and sizeof(struct shmid_ds *).
414
415 Bad evalled substitution pattern
416 (F) You've used the "/e" switch to evaluate the replacement for a
417 substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to
418 evaluate, most likely an unexpected right brace '}'.
419
420 Bad filehandle: %s
421 (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the
422 symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do
423 an open(), or did it in another package.
424
425 Bad free() ignored
426 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
427 never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be
428 disabled by setting environment variable "PERL_BADFREE" to 0.
429
430 This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with
431 "hard" dynamic linking, like "AIX" and "OS/2". It is a bug of
432 "Berkeley DB" which is left unnoticed if "DB" uses forgiving system
433 malloc().
434
435 Bad hash
436 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer.
437
438 Badly placed ()'s
439 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
440 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
441 yourself.
442
443 Bad name after %s
444 (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and
445 then didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't
446 interpolate outside of quotes, so
447
448 $var = 'myvar';
449 $sym = mypack::$var;
450
451 is not the same as
452
453 $var = 'myvar';
454 $sym = "mypack::$var";
455
456 Bad plugin affecting keyword '%s'
457 (F) An extension using the keyword plugin mechanism violated the
458 plugin API.
459
460 Bad realloc() ignored
461 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that
462 had never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can
463 be disabled by setting the environment variable "PERL_BADFREE" to
464 1.
465
466 Bad symbol for array
467 (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something
468 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
469
470 Bad symbol for dirhandle
471 (P) An internal request asked to add a dirhandle entry to something
472 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
473
474 Bad symbol for filehandle
475 (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to
476 something that wasn't a symbol table entry.
477
478 Bad symbol for hash
479 (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that
480 wasn't a symbol table entry.
481
482 Bad symbol for scalar
483 (P) An internal request asked to add a scalar entry to something
484 that wasn't a symbol table entry.
485
486 Bareword found in conditional
487 (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a
488 conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as
489 part of the last argument of the previous construct, for example:
490
491 open FOO || die;
492
493 It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been
494 interpreted as a bareword:
495
496 use constant TYPO => 1;
497 if (TYOP) { print "foo" }
498
499 The "strict" pragma is useful in avoiding such errors.
500
501 Bareword in require contains "%s"
502 Bareword in require maps to disallowed filename "%s"
503 Bareword in require maps to empty filename
504 (F) The bareword form of require has been invoked with a filename
505 which could not have been generated by a valid bareword permitted
506 by the parser. You shouldn't be able to get this error from Perl
507 code, but XS code may throw it if it passes an invalid module name
508 to "Perl_load_module".
509
510 Bareword in require must not start with a double-colon: "%s"
511 (F) In "require Bare::Word", the bareword is not allowed to start
512 with a double-colon. Write "require ::Foo::Bar" as "require
513 Foo::Bar" instead.
514
515 Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
516 (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a
517 subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>"
518 symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine?
519
520 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package
521 (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form "Foo::", but
522 the compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point.
523 Perhaps you need to predeclare a package?
524
525 BEGIN failed--compilation aborted
526 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN
527 subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is
528 exited.
529
530 BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted
531 (F) Perl found a "BEGIN {}" subroutine (or a "use" directive, which
532 implies a "BEGIN {}") after one or more compilation errors had
533 already occurred. Since the intended environment for the "BEGIN
534 {}" could not be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since
535 subsequent code likely depends on its correct operation, Perl just
536 gave up.
537
538 \%d better written as $%d
539 (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as
540 variables. The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-
541 hand side of a substitution, but stylistically it's better to use
542 the variable form because other Perl programmers will expect it,
543 and it works better if there are more than 9 backreferences.
544
545 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable
546 (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
547 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
548 perlport for more on portability concerns.
549
550 bind() on closed socket %s
551 (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you
552 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See "bind"
553 in perlfunc.
554
555 binmode() on closed filehandle %s
556 (W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never
557 opened. Check your control flow and number of arguments.
558
559 Bit vector size > 32 non-portable
560 (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable.
561
562 Bizarre copy of %s
563 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not
564 copiable.
565
566 Bizarre SvTYPE [%d]
567 (P) When starting a new thread or returning values from a thread,
568 Perl encountered an invalid data type.
569
570 Both or neither range ends should be Unicode in regex; marked by
571 <-- HERE in m/%s/
572 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
573
574 In a bracketed character class in a regular expression pattern, you
575 had a range which has exactly one end of it specified using "\N{}",
576 and the other end is specified using a non-portable mechanism.
577 Perl treats the range as a Unicode range, that is, all the
578 characters in it are considered to be the Unicode characters, and
579 which may be different code points on some platforms Perl runs on.
580 For example, "[\N{U+06}-\x08]" is treated as if you had instead
581 said "[\N{U+06}-\N{U+08}]", that is it matches the characters whose
582 code points in Unicode are 6, 7, and 8. But that "\x08" might
583 indicate that you meant something different, so the warning gets
584 raised.
585
586 Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s
587 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing
588 to iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol
589 definition which was too long, so it was truncated to the string
590 shown.
591
592 Callback called exit
593 (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv()
594 exited by calling exit.
595
596 %s() called too early to check prototype
597 (W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before
598 the parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could
599 not check that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to
600 either add an early prototype declaration for the subroutine in
601 question, or move the subroutine definition ahead of the call to
602 get proper prototype checking. Alternatively, if you are certain
603 that you're calling the function correctly, you may put an
604 ampersand before the name to avoid the warning. See perlsub.
605
606 Cannot chr %f
607 (F) You passed an invalid number (like an infinity or not-a-number)
608 to "chr".
609
610 Cannot compress %f in pack
611 (F) You tried compressing an infinity or not-a-number as an
612 unsigned integer with BER, which makes no sense.
613
614 Cannot compress integer in pack
615 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. The
616 BER compressed integer format can only be used with positive
617 integers, and you attempted to compress a very large number (>
618 1e308). See "pack" in perlfunc.
619
620 Cannot compress negative numbers in pack
621 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative. The BER compressed
622 integer format can only be used with positive integers. See "pack"
623 in perlfunc.
624
625 Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob
626 (F) You manipulated Perl's symbol table directly, stored a
627 reference in it, then tried to access that symbol via conventional
628 Perl syntax. The access triggers Perl to autovivify that typeglob,
629 but it there is no legal conversion from that type of reference to
630 a typeglob.
631
632 Cannot copy to %s
633 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy a value to an internal type
634 that cannot be directly assigned to.
635
636 Cannot find encoding "%s"
637 (S io) You tried to apply an encoding that did not exist to a
638 filehandle, either with open() or binmode().
639
640 Cannot pack %f with '%c'
641 (F) You tried converting an infinity or not-a-number to an integer,
642 which makes no sense.
643
644 Cannot printf %f with '%c'
645 (F) You tried printing an infinity or not-a-number as a character
646 (%c), which makes no sense. Maybe you meant '%s', or just
647 stringifying it?
648
649 Cannot set tied @DB::args
650 (F) "caller" tried to set @DB::args, but found it tied. Tying
651 @DB::args is not supported. (Before this error was added, it used
652 to crash.)
653
654 Cannot tie unreifiable array
655 (P) You somehow managed to call "tie" on an array that does not
656 keep a reference count on its arguments and cannot be made to do
657 so. Such arrays are not even supposed to be accessible to Perl
658 code, but are only used internally.
659
660 Cannot yet reorder sv_catpvfn() arguments from va_list
661 (F) Some XS code tried to use "sv_catpvfn()" or a related function
662 with a format string that specifies explicit indexes for some of
663 the elements, and using a C-style variable-argument list (a
664 "va_list"). This is not currently supported. XS authors wanting
665 to do this must instead construct a C array of "SV*" scalars
666 containing the arguments.
667
668 Can only compress unsigned integers in pack
669 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER
670 compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers,
671 and you attempted to compress something else. See "pack" in
672 perlfunc.
673
674 Can't bless non-reference value
675 (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl
676 "enforces" encapsulation of objects. See perlobj.
677
678 Can't "break" in a loop topicalizer
679 (F) You called "break", but you're in a "foreach" block rather than
680 a "given" block. You probably meant to use "next" or "last".
681
682 Can't "break" outside a given block
683 (F) You called "break", but you're not inside a "given" block.
684
685 Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value
686 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by
687 the object reference or package name contains an undefined value.
688 Something like this will reproduce the error:
689
690 $BADREF = undef;
691 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
692 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
693
694 Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference
695 (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run.
696 It ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply,
697 but you didn't supply an object reference in this case. A
698 reference isn't an object reference until it has been blessed. See
699 perlobj.
700
701 Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference
702 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by
703 the object reference or package name contains an expression that
704 returns a defined value which is neither an object reference nor a
705 package name. Something like this will reproduce the error:
706
707 $BADREF = 42;
708 process $BADREF 1,2,3;
709 $BADREF->process(1,2,3);
710
711 Can't call mro_isa_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table
712 (P) Perl got confused as to whether a hash was a plain hash or a
713 symbol table hash when trying to update @ISA caches.
714
715 Can't call mro_method_changed_in() on anonymous symbol table
716 (F) An XS module tried to call "mro_method_changed_in" on a hash
717 that was not attached to the symbol table.
718
719 Can't chdir to %s
720 (F) You called "perl -x/foo/bar", but /foo/bar is not a directory
721 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist.
722
723 Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid
724 (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script
725 for nosuid.
726
727 Can't coerce %s to %s in %s
728 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries
729 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you
730 can't say things like:
731
732 *foo += 1;
733
734 You CAN say
735
736 $foo = *foo;
737 $foo += 1;
738
739 but then $foo no longer contains a glob.
740
741 Can't "continue" outside a when block
742 (F) You called "continue", but you're not inside a "when" or
743 "default" block.
744
745 Can't create pipe mailbox
746 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from
747 exhausted quotas or other plumbing problems.
748
749 Can't declare %s in "%s"
750 (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my",
751 "our" or "state" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as
752 names.
753
754 Can't "default" outside a topicalizer
755 (F) You have used a "default" block that is neither inside a
756 "foreach" loop nor a "given" block. (Note that this error is
757 issued on exit from the "default" block, so you won't get the error
758 if you use an explicit "continue".)
759
760 Can't determine class of operator %s, assuming BASEOP
761 (S) This warning indicates something wrong in the internals of
762 perl. Perl was trying to find the class (e.g. LISTOP) of a
763 particular OP, and was unable to do so. This is likely to be due to
764 a bug in the perl internals, or due to a bug in XS code which
765 manipulates perl optrees.
766
767 Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file
768 (S inplace) You tried to use the -i switch on a special file, such
769 as a file in /dev, a FIFO or an uneditable directory. The file was
770 ignored.
771
772 Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s
773 (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated
774 reason.
775
776 Can't do inplace edit without backup
777 (F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try
778 reading from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say
779 "-i.bak", or some such.
780
781 Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique
782 (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than
783 14 characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename
784 during inplace editing with the -i switch. The file was ignored.
785
786 Can't do %s("%s") on non-UTF-8 locale; resolved to "%s".
787 (W locale) You are 1) running under ""use locale""; 2) the current
788 locale is not a UTF-8 one; 3) you tried to do the designated case-
789 change operation on the specified Unicode character; and 4) the
790 result of this operation would mix Unicode and locale rules, which
791 likely conflict. Mixing of different rule types is forbidden, so
792 the operation was not done; instead the result is the indicated
793 value, which is the best available that uses entirely Unicode
794 rules. That turns out to almost always be the original character,
795 unchanged.
796
797 It is generally a bad idea to mix non-UTF-8 locales and Unicode,
798 and this issue is one of the reasons why. This warning is raised
799 when Unicode rules would normally cause the result of this
800 operation to contain a character that is in the range specified by
801 the locale, 0..255, and hence is subject to the locale's rules, not
802 Unicode's.
803
804 If you are using locale purely for its characteristics related to
805 things like its numeric and time formatting (and not "LC_CTYPE"),
806 consider using a restricted form of the locale pragma (see "The
807 "use locale" pragma" in perllocale) like
808 ""use locale ':not_characters'"".
809
810 Note that failed case-changing operations done as a result of case-
811 insensitive "/i" regular expression matching will show up in this
812 warning as having the "fc" operation (as that is what the regular
813 expression engine calls behind the scenes.)
814
815 Can't do waitpid with flags
816 (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only
817 waitpid() without flags is emulated.
818
819 Can't emulate -%s on #! line
820 (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this
821 point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a -x on the #!
822 line.
823
824 Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform
825 (F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-
826 endian, or it has a very strange pointer size. Packing and
827 unpacking big- or little-endian floating point values and pointers
828 may not be possible. See "pack" in perlfunc.
829
830 Can't exec "%s": %s
831 (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute
832 the named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons
833 include: the permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't
834 found in $ENV{PATH}, the executable in question was compiled for
835 another architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an
836 interpreter that can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your
837 system doesn't support #! at all.)
838
839 Can't exec %s
840 (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you
841 because that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you
842 wanted, you may need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere.
843
844 Can't execute %s
845 (F) You used the -S switch, but the copies of the script to execute
846 found in the PATH did not have correct permissions.
847
848 Can't find an opnumber for "%s"
849 (F) A string of a form "CORE::word" was given to prototype(), but
850 there is no builtin with the name "word".
851
852 Can't find label %s
853 (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that
854 it's possible for us to go to. See "goto" in perlfunc.
855
856 Can't find %s on PATH
857 (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute could not be
858 found in the PATH.
859
860 Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH
861 (F) You used the -S switch, but the script to execute could not be
862 found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions.
863 The script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits
864 running it.
865
866 Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF
867 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message
868 means that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed
869 quotes count nesting levels, the following is missing its final
870 parenthesis:
871
872 print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.);
873
874 If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have
875 included unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag or
876 there may not be a linebreak after it. A good programmer's editor
877 will have a way to help you find these characters (or lack of
878 characters). See perlop for the full details on here-documents.
879
880 Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"
881 Can't find Unicode property definition "%s" in regex; marked by <--
882 HERE in m/%s/
883 (F) The named property which you specified via "\p" or "\P" is not
884 one known to Perl. Perhaps you misspelled the name? See
885 "Properties accessible through \p{} and \P{}" in perluniprops for a
886 complete list of available official properties. If it is a user-
887 defined property it must have been defined by the time the regular
888 expression is matched.
889
890 If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the "\p",
891 either by "\\p" (just the "\p") or by "\Q\p" (the rest of the
892 string, or until "\E").
893
894 Can't fork: %s
895 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a
896 pipeline.
897
898 Can't fork, trying again in 5 seconds
899 (W pipe) A fork in a piped open failed with EAGAIN and will be
900 retried after five seconds.
901
902 Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?
903 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the
904 difference between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model
905 Perl assumes. Under VMS, access checks are done by filename,
906 rather than by bits in the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other
907 protections can be taken into account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes
908 that the stat buffer contains all the necessary information, and
909 passes it, instead of the filespec, to the access-checking routine.
910 It will try to retrieve the filespec using the device name and FID
911 present in the stat buffer, but this works only if you haven't made
912 a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine, because the device
913 name is overwritten with each call. If this warning appears, the
914 name lookup failed, and the access-checking routine gave up and
915 returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access-
916 checking routine knows about the Perl "stat" operator and file
917 tests, so you shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl
918 command; it arises only if some internal code takes stat buffers
919 lightly.)
920
921 Can't get pipe mailbox device name
922 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a
923 pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use.
924
925 Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF
926 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want
927 your mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer.
928
929 Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop
930 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a
931 foreach loop. You can't get there from here. See "goto" in
932 perlfunc.
933
934 Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block
935 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look
936 like a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually
937 occurs if you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine,
938 which is a no-no. See "goto" in perlfunc.
939
940 Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s
941 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval
942 "string" or block.
943
944 Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback)
945 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of the
946 comparison sub for a sort(), or from a similar callback (such as
947 the reduce() function in List::Util).
948
949 Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine
950 (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one
951 subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole
952 cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD
953 routine anyway. See "goto" in perlfunc.
954
955 Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default
956 (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD
957 signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this
958 signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of
959 child processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value.
960 This situation typically indicates that the parent program under
961 which Perl may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless.
962
963 Can't kill a non-numeric process ID
964 (F) Process identifiers must be (signed) integers. It is a fatal
965 error to attempt to kill() an undefined, empty-string or otherwise
966 non-numeric process identifier.
967
968 Can't "last" outside a loop block
969 (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current
970 block, except that there's this itty bitty problem called there
971 isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't
972 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(),
973 map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the
974 same effect though, because the inner curlies will be considered a
975 block that loops once. See "last" in perlfunc.
976
977 Can't linearize anonymous symbol table
978 (F) Perl tried to calculate the method resolution order (MRO) of a
979 package, but failed because the package stash has no name.
980
981 Can't load '%s' for module %s
982 (F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic
983 extension. This may either mean that you upgraded your version of
984 perl to one that is incompatible with your old dynamic extensions
985 (which is known to happen between major versions of perl), or (more
986 likely) that your dynamic extension was built against an older
987 version of the library that is installed on your system. You may
988 need to rebuild your old dynamic extensions.
989
990 Can't localize lexical variable %s
991 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared
992 as a lexical variable using "my" or "state". This is not allowed.
993 If you want to localize a package variable of the same name,
994 qualify it with the package name.
995
996 Can't localize through a reference
997 (F) You said something like "local $$ref", which Perl can't
998 currently handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of
999 whatever $ref pointed to after the scope of the local() is
1000 finished, it can't be sure that $ref will still be a reference.
1001
1002 Can't locate %s
1003 (F) You said to "do" (or "require", or "use") a file that couldn't
1004 be found. Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned
1005 in @INC, unless the file name included the full path to the file.
1006 Perhaps you need to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment
1007 variable to say where the extra library is, or maybe the script
1008 needs to add the library name to @INC. Or maybe you just
1009 misspelled the name of the file. See "require" in perlfunc and
1010 lib.
1011
1012 Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC
1013 (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows
1014 autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable
1015 causes are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to
1016 "AutoSplit" the file, say, by doing "make install".
1017
1018 Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC
1019 (F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library,
1020 like for example, foo.so or bar.dll, but the DynaLoader module was
1021 unable to locate this library. See DynaLoader.
1022
1023 Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s"
1024 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a
1025 package functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define
1026 that particular method, nor does any of its base classes. See
1027 perlobj.
1028
1029 Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s" (perhaps you forgot to
1030 load "%s"?)
1031 (F) You called a method on a class that did not exist, and the
1032 method could not be found in UNIVERSAL. This often means that a
1033 method requires a package that has not been loaded.
1034
1035 Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA
1036 (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package
1037 that doesn't seem to exist.
1038
1039 Can't locate PerlIO%s
1040 (F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist,
1041 e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile").
1042
1043 Can't make list assignment to %ENV on this system
1044 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems,
1045 notably VMS.
1046
1047 Can't make loaded symbols global on this platform while loading %s
1048 (S) A module passed the flag 0x01 to DynaLoader::dl_load_file() to
1049 request that symbols from the stated file are made available
1050 globally within the process, but that functionality is not
1051 available on this platform. Whilst the module likely will still
1052 work, this may prevent the perl interpreter from loading other XS-
1053 based extensions which need to link directly to functions defined
1054 in the C or XS code in the stated file.
1055
1056 Can't modify %s in %s
1057 (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or
1058 otherwise try to change it, such as with an auto-increment.
1059
1060 Can't modify nonexistent substring
1061 (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was
1062 handed a NULL.
1063
1064 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call of &%s
1065 (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be
1066 declared as such. See "Lvalue subroutines" in perlsub.
1067
1068 Can't modify reference to %s in %s assignment
1069 (F) Only a limited number of constructs can be used as the argument
1070 to a reference constructor on the left-hand side of an assignment,
1071 and what you used was not one of them. See "Assigning to
1072 References" in perlref.
1073
1074 Can't modify reference to localized parenthesized array in list
1075 assignment
1076 (F) Assigning to "\local(@array)" or "\(local @array)" is not
1077 supported, as it is not clear exactly what it should do. If you
1078 meant to make @array refer to some other array, use "\@array =
1079 \@other_array". If you want to make the elements of @array aliases
1080 of the scalars referenced on the right-hand side, use "\(@array) =
1081 @scalar_refs".
1082
1083 Can't modify reference to parenthesized hash in list assignment
1084 (F) Assigning to "\(%hash)" is not supported. If you meant to make
1085 %hash refer to some other hash, use "\%hash = \%other_hash". If
1086 you want to make the elements of %hash into aliases of the scalars
1087 referenced on the right-hand side, use a hash slice: "\@hash{@keys}
1088 = @those_scalar_refs".
1089
1090 Can't msgrcv to read-only var
1091 (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a
1092 receive buffer.
1093
1094 Can't "next" outside a loop block
1095 (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block,
1096 but there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block
1097 doesn't count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to
1098 sort(), map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get
1099 the same effect though, because the inner curlies will be
1100 considered a block that loops once. See "next" in perlfunc.
1101
1102 Can't open %s: %s
1103 (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the "<>"
1104 filehandle, either implicitly under the "-n" or "-p" command-line
1105 switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually
1106 this is because you don't have read permission for a file which you
1107 named on the command line.
1108
1109 (F) You tried to call perl with the -e switch, but /dev/null (or
1110 your operating system's equivalent) could not be opened.
1111
1112 Can't open a reference
1113 (W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing,
1114 using the 3-arg open() syntax:
1115
1116 open FH, '>', $ref;
1117
1118 but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form
1119 of open is not supported.
1120
1121 Can't open bidirectional pipe
1122 (W pipe) You tried to say "open(CMD, "|cmd|")", which is not
1123 supported. You can try any of several modules in the Perl library
1124 to do this, such as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's
1125 output to a file using ">", and then read it in under a different
1126 file handle.
1127
1128 Can't open error file %s as stderr
1129 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1130 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or
1131 '2>>' on the command line for writing.
1132
1133 Can't open input file %s as stdin
1134 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1135 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the
1136 command line for reading.
1137
1138 Can't open output file %s as stdout
1139 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1140 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>'
1141 on the command line for writing.
1142
1143 Can't open output pipe (name: %s)
1144 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line
1145 redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data
1146 destined for stdout.
1147
1148 Can't open perl script "%s": %s
1149 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated
1150 reason.
1151
1152 If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on
1153 the shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that
1154 search, so you don't have to type the path or "`which
1155 $scriptname`".
1156
1157 Can't read CRTL environ
1158 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of
1159 %ENV from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the
1160 array was missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL
1161 misplaced its environ or define PERL_ENV_TABLES (see perlvms) so
1162 that environ is not searched.
1163
1164 Can't redeclare "%s" in "%s"
1165 (F) A "my", "our" or "state" declaration was found within another
1166 declaration, such as "my ($x, my($y), $z)" or "our (my $x)".
1167
1168 Can't "redo" outside a loop block
1169 (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block,
1170 but there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block
1171 doesn't count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to
1172 sort(), map() or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get
1173 the same effect though, because the inner curlies will be
1174 considered a block that loops once. See "redo" in perlfunc.
1175
1176 Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file
1177 (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup
1178 file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it
1179 with the modified file. The file was left unmodified.
1180
1181 Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file
1182 (S inplace) The rename done by the -i switch failed for some
1183 reason, probably because you don't have write permission to the
1184 directory.
1185
1186 Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode
1187 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and
1188 tried to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed.
1189
1190 Can't represent character for Ox%X on this platform
1191 (F) There is a hard limit to how big a character code point can be
1192 due to the fundamental properties of UTF-8, especially on EBCDIC
1193 platforms. The given code point exceeds that. The only work-
1194 around is to not use such a large code point.
1195
1196 Can't reset %ENV on this system
1197 (F) You called "reset('E')" or similar, which tried to reset all
1198 variables in the current package beginning with "E". In the main
1199 package, that includes %ENV. Resetting %ENV is not supported on
1200 some systems, notably VMS.
1201
1202 Can't resolve method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
1203 (F)(P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as
1204 opposed to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the
1205 package. If the method name is "???", this is an internal error.
1206
1207 Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine
1208 (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as
1209 temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue.
1210 This is not allowed.
1211
1212 Can't return outside a subroutine
1213 (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is,
1214 where there was no subroutine call to return out of. See perlsub.
1215
1216 Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context
1217 (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue
1218 subroutine, but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl
1219 think you meant to return only one value. You probably meant to
1220 write parentheses around the call to the subroutine, which tell
1221 Perl that the call should be in list context.
1222
1223 Can't stat script "%s"
1224 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you
1225 have it open already. Bizarre.
1226
1227 Can't take log of %g
1228 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a
1229 negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that
1230 comes standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for
1231 the negative numbers.
1232
1233 Can't take sqrt of %g
1234 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a
1235 negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes
1236 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that.
1237
1238 Can't undef active subroutine
1239 (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You
1240 can, however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even
1241 undef the redefined subroutine while the old routine is running.
1242 Go figure.
1243
1244 Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d
1245 (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making
1246 it into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types
1247 are so specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted.
1248 This message indicates that such a conversion was attempted.
1249
1250 Can't use '%c' after -mname
1251 (F) You tried to call perl with the -m switch, but you put
1252 something other than "=" after the module name.
1253
1254 Can't use a hash as a reference
1255 (F) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in "%foo->{"bar"}"
1256 or "%$ref->{"hello"}". Versions of perl <= 5.22.0 used to allow
1257 this syntax, but shouldn't have. This was deprecated in perl
1258 5.6.1.
1259
1260 Can't use an array as a reference
1261 (F) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in "@foo->[23]" or
1262 "@$ref->[99]". Versions of perl <= 5.22.0 used to allow this
1263 syntax, but shouldn't have. This was deprecated in perl 5.6.1.
1264
1265 Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup
1266 (F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a
1267 symbol table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become
1268 anonymous for example by undefining stashes: "undef
1269 %Some::Package::".
1270
1271 Can't use an undefined value as %s reference
1272 (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference
1273 must be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious
1274 errors.
1275
1276 Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1277 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic
1278 references are disallowed. See perlref.
1279
1280 Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available
1281 (F) The first time the "%!" hash is used, perl automatically loads
1282 the Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %!
1283 hash to provide symbolic names for $! errno values.
1284
1285 Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s
1286 (F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-
1287 endian byte-order at the same time, so this combination of
1288 modifiers is not allowed. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1289
1290 Can't use 'defined(@array)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)
1291 (F) defined() is not useful on arrays because it checks for an
1292 undefined scalar value. If you want to see if the array is empty,
1293 just use "if (@array) { # not empty }" for example.
1294
1295 Can't use 'defined(%hash)' (Maybe you should just omit the defined()?)
1296 (F) "defined()" is not usually right on hashes.
1297
1298 Although "defined %hash" is false on a plain not-yet-used hash, it
1299 becomes true in several non-obvious circumstances, including
1300 iterators, weak references, stash names, even remaining true after
1301 "undef %hash". These things make "defined %hash" fairly useless in
1302 practice, so it now generates a fatal error.
1303
1304 If a check for non-empty is what you wanted then just put it in
1305 boolean context (see "Scalar values" in perldata):
1306
1307 if (%hash) {
1308 # not empty
1309 }
1310
1311 If you had "defined %Foo::Bar::QUUX" to check whether such a
1312 package variable exists then that's never really been reliable, and
1313 isn't a good way to enquire about the features of a package, or
1314 whether it's loaded, etc.
1315
1316 Can't use %s for loop variable
1317 (P) The parser got confused when trying to parse a "foreach" loop.
1318
1319 Can't use global %s in "%s"
1320 (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable.
1321 This is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one
1322 location (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly
1323 confusing to have variables in your program that looked like
1324 magical variables but weren't.
1325
1326 Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s
1327 (F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type that is
1328 already inside a group with a byte-order modifier. For example you
1329 cannot force little-endianness on a type that is inside a big-
1330 endian group.
1331
1332 Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison
1333 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort
1334 comparisons. You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or
1335 cmp operator, and the variable had earlier been declared as a
1336 lexical variable. Either qualify the sort variable with the
1337 package name, or rename the lexical variable.
1338
1339 Can't use %s ref as %s ref
1340 (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference
1341 a reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to
1342 test the type of the reference, if need be.
1343
1344 Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1345 Can't use string ("%s"...) as %s ref while "strict refs" in use
1346 (F) You've told Perl to dereference a string, something which "use
1347 strict" blocks to prevent it happening accidentally. See "Symbolic
1348 references" in perlref. This can be triggered by an "@" or "$" in
1349 a double-quoted string immediately before interpolating a variable,
1350 for example in "user @$twitter_id", which says to treat the
1351 contents of $twitter_id as an array reference; use a "\" to have a
1352 literal "@" symbol followed by the contents of $twitter_id: "user
1353 \@$twitter_id".
1354
1355 Can't use subscript on %s
1356 (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a
1357 subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that
1358 didn't look like a hash or array reference, or anything else
1359 subscriptable.
1360
1361 Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression
1362 (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator
1363 that creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to
1364 indicate a backreference to a matched substring is valid only as
1365 part of a regular expression pattern. Trying to do this in
1366 ordinary Perl code produces a value that prints out looking like
1367 SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form instead.
1368
1369 Can't weaken a nonreference
1370 (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference.
1371 Only references can be weakened.
1372
1373 Can't "when" outside a topicalizer
1374 (F) You have used a when() block that is neither inside a "foreach"
1375 loop nor a "given" block. (Note that this error is issued on exit
1376 from the "when" block, so you won't get the error if the match
1377 fails, or if you use an explicit "continue".)
1378
1379 Can't x= to read-only value
1380 (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined
1381 value) with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the
1382 value itself. Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary,
1383 and repeat that.
1384
1385 Character following "\c" must be printable ASCII
1386 (F) In "\cX", X must be a printable (non-control) ASCII character.
1387
1388 Note that ASCII characters that don't map to control characters are
1389 discouraged, and will generate the warning (when enabled) ""\c%c"
1390 is more clearly written simply as "%s"".
1391
1392 Character following \%c must be '{' or a single-character Unicode
1393 property name in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1394 (F) (In the above the %c is replaced by either "p" or "P".) You
1395 specified something that isn't a legal Unicode property name. Most
1396 Unicode properties are specified by "\p{...}". But if the name is
1397 a single character one, the braces may be omitted.
1398
1399 Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack
1400 (W pack) You said
1401
1402 pack("C", $x)
1403
1404 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the "C" format is
1405 only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII,
1406 EBCDIC, and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved
1407 as if you meant
1408
1409 pack("C", $x & 255)
1410
1411 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the "U" format
1412 instead.
1413
1414 Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack
1415 (W pack) You said
1416
1417 pack("c", $x)
1418
1419 where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the "c" format
1420 is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII,
1421 EBCDIC, and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved
1422 as if you meant
1423
1424 pack("c", $x & 255);
1425
1426 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the "U" format
1427 instead.
1428
1429 Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1430 (W unpack) You tried something like
1431
1432 unpack("H", "\x{2a1}")
1433
1434 where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a
1435 value below 256), but a higher value was provided instead. Perl
1436 uses the value modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided:
1437
1438 unpack("H", "\x{a1}")
1439
1440 Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack
1441 (W pack) You said
1442
1443 pack("U0W", $x)
1444
1445 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255. However,
1446 "U0"-mode expects all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so
1447 Perl behaved as if you meant:
1448
1449 pack("U0W", $x & 255)
1450
1451 Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack
1452 (W pack) You tried something like
1453
1454 pack("u", "\x{1f3}b")
1455
1456 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character
1457 with a value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher
1458 value. Perl uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if
1459 you had provided:
1460
1461 pack("u", "\x{f3}b")
1462
1463 Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack
1464 (W unpack) You tried something like
1465
1466 unpack("s", "\x{1f3}b")
1467
1468 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character
1469 with a value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher
1470 value. Perl uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if
1471 you had provided:
1472
1473 unpack("s", "\x{f3}b")
1474
1475 charnames alias definitions may not contain a sequence of multiple
1476 spaces
1477 (F) You defined a character name which had multiple space
1478 characters in a row. Change them to single spaces. Usually these
1479 names are defined in the ":alias" import argument to "use
1480 charnames", but they could be defined by a translator installed
1481 into $^H{charnames}. See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in charnames.
1482
1483 charnames alias definitions may not contain trailing white-space
1484 (F) You defined a character name which ended in a space character.
1485 Remove the trailing space(s). Usually these names are defined in
1486 the ":alias" import argument to "use charnames", but they could be
1487 defined by a translator installed into $^H{charnames}. See "CUSTOM
1488 ALIASES" in charnames.
1489
1490 chdir() on unopened filehandle %s
1491 (W unopened) You tried chdir() on a filehandle that was never
1492 opened.
1493
1494 "\c%c" is more clearly written simply as "%s"
1495 (W syntax) The "\cX" construct is intended to be a way to specify
1496 non-printable characters. You used it for a printable one, which
1497 is better written as simply itself, perhaps preceded by a backslash
1498 for non-word characters. Doing it the way you did is not portable
1499 between ASCII and EBCDIC platforms.
1500
1501 Cloning substitution context is unimplemented
1502 (F) Creating a new thread inside the "s///" operator is not
1503 supported.
1504
1505 closedir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
1506 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to close is either closed or not
1507 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
1508
1509 close() on unopened filehandle %s
1510 (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened.
1511
1512 Closure prototype called
1513 (F) If a closure has attributes, the subroutine passed to an
1514 attribute handler is the prototype that is cloned when a new
1515 closure is created. This subroutine cannot be called.
1516
1517 \C no longer supported in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1518 (F) The \C character class used to allow a match of single byte
1519 within a multi-byte utf-8 character, but was removed in v5.24 as it
1520 broke encapsulation and its implementation was extremely buggy. If
1521 you really need to process the individual bytes, you probably want
1522 to convert your string to one where each underlying byte is stored
1523 as a character, with utf8::encode().
1524
1525 Code missing after '/'
1526 (F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be
1527 another template code following the slash. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1528
1529 Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, and not portable
1530 (S non_unicode) You had a code point that has never been in any
1531 standard, so it is likely that languages other than Perl will NOT
1532 understand it. At one time, it was legal in some standards to have
1533 code points up to 0x7FFF_FFFF, but not higher, and this code point
1534 is higher.
1535
1536 Acceptance of these code points is a Perl extension, and you should
1537 expect that nothing other than Perl can handle them; Perl itself on
1538 EBCDIC platforms before v5.24 does not handle them.
1539
1540 Code points above 0xFFFF_FFFF require larger than a 32 bit word.
1541
1542 Perl also makes no guarantees that the representation of these code
1543 points won't change at some point in the future, say when machines
1544 become available that have larger than a 64-bit word. At that
1545 time, files written by an older Perl would require conversion
1546 before being readable by a newer Perl.
1547
1548 Code point 0x%X is not Unicode, may not be portable
1549 (S non_unicode) You had a code point above the Unicode maximum of
1550 U+10FFFF.
1551
1552 Perl allows strings to contain a superset of Unicode code points,
1553 but these may not be accepted by other languages/systems. Further,
1554 even if these languages/systems accept these large code points,
1555 they may have chosen a different representation for them than the
1556 UTF-8-like one that Perl has, which would mean files are not
1557 exchangeable between them and Perl.
1558
1559 On EBCDIC platforms, code points above 0x3FFF_FFFF have a different
1560 representation in Perl v5.24 than before, so any file containing
1561 these that was written before that version will require conversion
1562 before being readable by a later Perl.
1563
1564 %s: Command not found
1565 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh or another
1566 shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1567 script into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file
1568 could look like
1569
1570 #!/usr/bin/perl
1571
1572 %s: command not found
1573 (A) You've accidentally run your script through bash or another
1574 shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1575 script into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file
1576 could look like
1577
1578 #!/usr/bin/perl
1579
1580 %s: command not found: %s
1581 (A) You've accidentally run your script through zsh or another
1582 shell instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your
1583 script into Perl yourself. The #! line at the top of your file
1584 could look like
1585
1586 #!/usr/bin/perl
1587
1588 Compilation failed in require
1589 (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a "require"
1590 statement. Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors
1591 that it encountered were severe enough to halt compilation
1592 immediately.
1593
1594 Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded
1595 (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex
1596 situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is
1597 limited to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack
1598 cannot grow arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are
1599 handled without recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try
1600 shortening the string under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g.
1601 with "while") rather than in the regular expression engine; or
1602 rewriting the regular expression so that it is simpler or
1603 backtracks less. (See perlfaq2 for information on Mastering
1604 Regular Expressions.)
1605
1606 connect() on closed socket %s
1607 (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you
1608 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
1609 "connect" in perlfunc.
1610
1611 Constant(%s): Call to &{$^H{%s}} did not return a defined value
1612 (F) The subroutine registered to handle constant overloading (see
1613 overload) or a custom charnames handler (see "CUSTOM TRANSLATORS"
1614 in charnames) returned an undefined value.
1615
1616 Constant(%s): $^H{%s} is not defined
1617 (F) The parser found inconsistencies while attempting to define an
1618 overloaded constant. Perhaps you forgot to load the corresponding
1619 overload pragma?
1620
1621 Constant is not %s reference
1622 (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the "use constant"
1623 pragma) is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of
1624 reference. The message indicates the type of reference that was
1625 expected. This usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing
1626 the constant value. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub and
1627 constant.
1628
1629 Constants from lexical variables potentially modified elsewhere are
1630 deprecated. This will not be allowed in Perl 5.32
1631 (D deprecated) You wrote something like
1632
1633 my $var;
1634 $sub = sub () { $var };
1635
1636 but $var is referenced elsewhere and could be modified after the
1637 "sub" expression is evaluated. Either it is explicitly modified
1638 elsewhere ("$var = 3") or it is passed to a subroutine or to an
1639 operator like "printf" or "map", which may or may not modify the
1640 variable.
1641
1642 Traditionally, Perl has captured the value of the variable at that
1643 point and turned the subroutine into a constant eligible for
1644 inlining. In those cases where the variable can be modified
1645 elsewhere, this breaks the behavior of closures, in which the
1646 subroutine captures the variable itself, rather than its value, so
1647 future changes to the variable are reflected in the subroutine's
1648 return value.
1649
1650 This usage is deprecated, and will no longer be allowed in Perl
1651 5.32, making it possible to change the behavior in the future.
1652
1653 If you intended for the subroutine to be eligible for inlining,
1654 then make sure the variable is not referenced elsewhere, possibly
1655 by copying it:
1656
1657 my $var2 = $var;
1658 $sub = sub () { $var2 };
1659
1660 If you do want this subroutine to be a closure that reflects future
1661 changes to the variable that it closes over, add an explicit
1662 "return":
1663
1664 my $var;
1665 $sub = sub () { return $var };
1666
1667 Constant subroutine %s redefined
1668 (W redefine)(S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously
1669 been eligible for inlining. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub
1670 for commentary and workarounds.
1671
1672 Constant subroutine %s undefined
1673 (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been
1674 eligible for inlining. See "Constant Functions" in perlsub for
1675 commentary and workarounds.
1676
1677 Constant(%s) unknown
1678 (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to
1679 define an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character
1680 name specified in the "\N{...}" escape. Perhaps you forgot to load
1681 the corresponding overload pragma?
1682
1683 :const is experimental
1684 (S experimental::const_attr) The "const" attribute is experimental.
1685 If you want to use the feature, disable the warning with "no
1686 warnings 'experimental::const_attr'", but know that in doing so you
1687 are taking the risk that your code may break in a future Perl
1688 version.
1689
1690 :const is not permitted on named subroutines
1691 (F) The "const" attribute causes an anonymous subroutine to be run
1692 and its value captured at the time that it is cloned. Named
1693 subroutines are not cloned like this, so the attribute does not
1694 make sense on them.
1695
1696 Copy method did not return a reference
1697 (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See "Copy
1698 Constructor" in overload.
1699
1700 &CORE::%s cannot be called directly
1701 (F) You tried to call a subroutine in the "CORE::" namespace with
1702 &foo syntax or through a reference. Some subroutines in this
1703 package cannot yet be called that way, but must be called as
1704 barewords. Something like this will work:
1705
1706 BEGIN { *shove = \&CORE::push; }
1707 shove @array, 1,2,3; # pushes on to @array
1708
1709 CORE::%s is not a keyword
1710 (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords.
1711
1712 Corrupted regexp opcode %d > %d
1713 (P) This is either an error in Perl, or, if you're using one, your
1714 custom regular expression engine. If not the latter, report the
1715 problem through the perlbug utility.
1716
1717 corrupted regexp pointers
1718 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
1719 expression compiler gave it.
1720
1721 corrupted regexp program
1722 (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program
1723 without a valid magic number.
1724
1725 Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%x at 0x%x
1726 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal
1727 failure.
1728
1729 Count after length/code in unpack
1730 (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string,
1731 but you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See
1732 "pack" in perlfunc.
1733
1734 Declaring references is experimental
1735 (S experimental::declared_refs) This warning is emitted if you use
1736 a reference constructor on the right-hand side of "my", "state",
1737 "our", or "local". Simply suppress the warning if you want to use
1738 the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking the risk of
1739 using an experimental feature which may change or be removed in a
1740 future Perl version:
1741
1742 no warnings "experimental::declared_refs";
1743 use feature "declared_refs";
1744 $fooref = my \$foo;
1745
1746 Deep recursion on anonymous subroutine
1747 Deep recursion on subroutine "%s"
1748 (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or
1749 indirectly) 100 times more than it has returned. This probably
1750 indicates an infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange
1751 benchmark programs, in which case it indicates something else.
1752
1753 This threshold can be changed from 100, by recompiling the perl
1754 binary, setting the C pre-processor macro "PERL_SUB_DEPTH_WARN" to
1755 the desired value.
1756
1757 (?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
1758 m/%s/
1759 (F) You used something like "(?(DEFINE)...|..)" which is illegal.
1760 The most likely cause of this error is that you left out a
1761 parenthesis inside of the "...." part.
1762
1763 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
1764 problem was discovered.
1765
1766 %s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed
1767 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but in the Module file
1768 there are neither package declarations nor a $VERSION.
1769
1770 delete argument is index/value array slice, use array slice
1771 (F) You used index/value array slice syntax (%array[...]) as the
1772 argument to "delete". You probably meant @array[...] with an @
1773 symbol instead.
1774
1775 delete argument is key/value hash slice, use hash slice
1776 (F) You used key/value hash slice syntax (%hash{...}) as the
1777 argument to "delete". You probably meant @hash{...} with an @
1778 symbol instead.
1779
1780 delete argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice
1781 (F) The argument to "delete" must be either a hash or array
1782 element, such as:
1783
1784 $foo{$bar}
1785 $ref->{"susie"}[12]
1786
1787 or a hash or array slice, such as:
1788
1789 @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy]
1790 @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"}
1791
1792 Delimiter for here document is too long
1793 (F) In a here document construct like "<<FOO", the label "FOO" is
1794 too long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to
1795 write code that triggers this error.
1796
1797 Deprecated use of my() in false conditional. This will be a fatal error
1798 in Perl 5.30
1799 (D deprecated) You used a declaration similar to "my $x if 0".
1800 There has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical
1801 variable not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration
1802 includes a false conditional. Some people have exploited this bug
1803 to achieve a kind of static variable. Since we intend to fix this
1804 bug, we don't want people relying on this behavior. You can
1805 achieve a similar static effect by declaring the variable in a
1806 separate block outside the function, eg
1807
1808 sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ }
1809
1810 becomes
1811
1812 { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } }
1813
1814 Beginning with perl 5.10.0, you can also use "state" variables to
1815 have lexicals that are initialized only once (see feature):
1816
1817 sub f { state $x; return $x++ }
1818
1819 This use of "my()" in a false conditional has been deprecated since
1820 Perl 5.10, and it will become a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
1821
1822 DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s'
1823 (F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which
1824 is just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort
1825 rather than to create a dangling reference.
1826
1827 Did not produce a valid header
1828 See "500 Server error".
1829
1830 %s did not return a true value
1831 (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate
1832 that it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code
1833 correctly. It's traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though
1834 any true value would do. See "require" in perlfunc.
1835
1836 (Did you mean &%s instead?)
1837 (W misc) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as
1838 $FOO or some such.
1839
1840 (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?)
1841 (W misc) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared global
1842 variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical scope,
1843 which seems superfluous.
1844
1845 (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?)
1846 (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or
1847 @hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and
1848 got carried away.
1849
1850 Died
1851 (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of "die """)
1852 or you called it with no args and $@ was empty.
1853
1854 Document contains no data
1855 See "500 Server error".
1856
1857 %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed
1858 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not
1859 define a $VERSION.
1860
1861 '/' does not take a repeat count
1862 (F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/'
1863 code. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1864
1865 do "%s" failed, '.' is no longer in @INC; did you mean do "./%s"?
1866 (D deprecated) Previously " do "somefile"; " would search the
1867 current directory for the specified file. Since perl v5.26.0, .
1868 has been removed from @INC by default, so this is no longer true.
1869 To search the current directory (and only the current directory)
1870 you can write " do "./somefile"; ".
1871
1872 Don't know how to get file name
1873 (P) "PerlIO_getname", a perl internal I/O function specific to VMS,
1874 was somehow called on another platform. This should not happen.
1875
1876 Don't know how to handle magic of type \%o
1877 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed.
1878
1879 do_study: out of memory
1880 (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead.
1881
1882 (Do you need to predeclare %s?)
1883 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
1884 message "%s found where operator expected". It often means a
1885 subroutine or module name is being referenced that hasn't been
1886 declared yet. This may be because of ordering problems in your
1887 file, or because of a missing "sub", "package", "require", or "use"
1888 statement. If you're referencing something that isn't defined yet,
1889 you don't actually have to define the subroutine or package before
1890 the current location. You can use an empty "sub foo;" or "package
1891 FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration.
1892
1893 dump() better written as CORE::dump(). dump() will no longer be
1894 available in Perl 5.30
1895 (D deprecated, misc) You used the obsolescent "dump()" built-in
1896 function, without fully qualifying it as "CORE::dump()". Maybe it's
1897 a typo.
1898
1899 Use of a unqualified "dump()" was deprecated in Perl 5.8.0, and
1900 this will not be available in Perl 5.30.
1901
1902 See "dump" in perlfunc.
1903
1904 dump is not supported
1905 (F) Your machine doesn't support dump/undump.
1906
1907 Duplicate free() ignored
1908 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had
1909 already been freed.
1910
1911 Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s
1912 (W unpack) You have applied the same modifier more than once after
1913 a type in a pack template. See "pack" in perlfunc.
1914
1915 elseif should be elsif
1916 (S syntax) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry
1917 thinks it's ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to
1918 call a method named "elseif" for the class returned by the
1919 following block. This is unlikely to be what you want.
1920
1921 Empty \%c in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1922 Empty \%c{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
1923 (F) "\p" and "\P" are used to introduce a named Unicode property,
1924 as described in perlunicode and perlre. You used "\p" or "\P" in a
1925 regular expression without specifying the property name.
1926
1927 ${^ENCODING} is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28
1928 (D deprecated) The special variable "${^ENCODING}", formerly used
1929 to implement the "encoding" pragma, is no longer supported as of
1930 Perl 5.26.0.
1931
1932 Setting this variable will become a fatal error in Perl 5.28.
1933
1934 entering effective %s failed
1935 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, switching the real and
1936 effective uids or gids failed.
1937
1938 %ENV is aliased to %s
1939 (F) You're running under taint mode, and the %ENV variable has been
1940 aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of
1941 the program's environment. This is potentially insecure.
1942
1943 Error converting file specification %s
1944 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with
1945 file specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them
1946 to a single form when it must operate on them directly. Either
1947 you've passed an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've
1948 found a case the conversion routines don't handle. Drat.
1949
1950 Eval-group in insecure regular expression
1951 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
1952 expression that contains the "(?{ ... })" zero-width assertion,
1953 which is unsafe. See "(?{ code })" in perlre, and perlsec.
1954
1955 Eval-group not allowed at runtime, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/
1956 (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the "(?{
1957 ... })" zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the
1958 pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security
1959 risk, it is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by
1960 using the "re 'eval'" pragma or by explicitly building the pattern
1961 from an interpolated string at run time and using that in an
1962 eval(). See "(?{ code })" in perlre.
1963
1964 Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval' in regex m/%s/
1965 (F) A regular expression contained the "(?{ ... })" zero-width
1966 assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the "use re
1967 'eval'" pragma is in effect. See "(?{ code })" in perlre.
1968
1969 EVAL without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
1970 m/%s/
1971 (F) You used a pattern that nested too many EVAL calls without
1972 consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so that text is
1973 consumed.
1974
1975 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
1976 problem was discovered.
1977
1978 Excessively long <> operator
1979 (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size
1980 of a Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of
1981 filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into
1982 a variable and glob that.
1983
1984 exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system
1985 (F) The "exec" function is not implemented on some systems, e.g.,
1986 Symbian OS. See perlport.
1987
1988 %sExecution of %s aborted due to compilation errors.
1989 (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails.
1990
1991 exists argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine
1992 (F) The argument to "exists" must be a hash or array element or a
1993 subroutine with an ampersand, such as:
1994
1995 $foo{$bar}
1996 $ref->{"susie"}[12]
1997 &do_something
1998
1999 exists argument is not a subroutine name
2000 (F) The argument to "exists" for "exists &sub" must be a subroutine
2001 name, and not a subroutine call. "exists &sub()" will generate
2002 this error.
2003
2004 Exiting eval via %s
2005 (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such
2006 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2007
2008 Exiting format via %s
2009 (W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such
2010 as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2011
2012 Exiting pseudo-block via %s
2013 (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like
2014 a sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a
2015 goto, or a loop control statement. See "sort" in perlfunc.
2016
2017 Exiting subroutine via %s
2018 (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means,
2019 such as a goto, or a loop control statement.
2020
2021 Exiting substitution via %s
2022 (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means,
2023 such as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement.
2024
2025 Expecting close bracket in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2026 (F) You wrote something like
2027
2028 (?13
2029
2030 to denote a capturing group of the form "(?PARNO)", but omitted the
2031 ")".
2032
2033 Expecting '(?flags:(?[...' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2034 (F) The "(?[...])" extended character class regular expression
2035 construct only allows character classes (including character class
2036 escapes like "\d"), operators, and parentheses. The one exception
2037 is "(?flags:...)" containing at least one flag and exactly one
2038 "(?[...])" construct. This allows a regular expression containing
2039 just "(?[...])" to be interpolated. If you see this error message,
2040 then you probably have some other "(?...)" construct inside your
2041 character class. See "Extended Bracketed Character Classes" in
2042 perlrecharclass.
2043
2044 Experimental aliasing via reference not enabled
2045 (F) To do aliasing via references, you must first enable the
2046 feature:
2047
2048 no warnings "experimental::refaliasing";
2049 use feature "refaliasing";
2050 \$x = \$y;
2051
2052 Experimental %s on scalar is now forbidden
2053 (F) An experimental feature added in Perl 5.14 allowed "each",
2054 "keys", "push", "pop", "shift", "splice", "unshift", and "values"
2055 to be called with a scalar argument. This experiment is considered
2056 unsuccessful, and has been removed. The "postderef" feature may
2057 meet your needs better.
2058
2059 Experimental subroutine signatures not enabled
2060 (F) To use subroutine signatures, you must first enable them:
2061
2062 no warnings "experimental::signatures";
2063 use feature "signatures";
2064 sub foo ($left, $right) { ... }
2065
2066 Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main)
2067 (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string.
2068 This has the effect of blessing the reference into the package
2069 main. This is usually not what you want. Consider providing a
2070 default target package, e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage');
2071
2072 %s: Expression syntax
2073 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
2074 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
2075 yourself.
2076
2077 %s failed--call queue aborted
2078 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a UNITCHECK,
2079 CHECK, INIT, or END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the
2080 queue of such routines has been prematurely ended.
2081
2082 Failed to close in-place edit file %s: %s
2083 (F) Closing an output file from in-place editing, as with the "-i"
2084 command-line switch, failed.
2085
2086 False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2087 (W regexp)(F) A character class range must start and end at a
2088 literal character, not another character class like "\d" or
2089 "[:alpha:]". The "-" in your false range is interpreted as a
2090 literal "-". In a "(?[...])" construct, this is an error, rather
2091 than a warning. Consider quoting the "-", "\-". The <-- HERE
2092 shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was
2093 discovered. See perlre.
2094
2095 Fatal VMS error (status=%d) at %s, line %d
2096 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS
2097 system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide
2098 more details. The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line
2099 %d" tell you which section of the Perl source code is distressed.
2100
2101 fcntl is not implemented
2102 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is
2103 this, a PDP-11 or something?
2104
2105 FETCHSIZE returned a negative value
2106 (F) A tied array claimed to have a negative number of elements,
2107 which is not possible.
2108
2109 Field too wide in 'u' format in pack
2110 (W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string starts with a length
2111 indicator which can't encode values above 63. So there is no point
2112 in asking for a line length bigger than that. Perl will behave as
2113 if you specified "u63" as the format.
2114
2115 File::Glob::glob() will disappear in perl 5.30. Use
2116 File::Glob::bsd_glob() instead.
2117 (D deprecated) "File::Glob" has a function called "glob", which
2118 just calls "bsd_glob". However, its prototype is different from the
2119 prototype of "CORE::glob", and hence, "File::Glob::glob" should not
2120 be used.
2121
2122 "File::Glob::glob()" was deprecated in perl 5.8.0. A deprecation
2123 message was issued from perl 5.26.0 onwards, and the function will
2124 disappear in perl 5.30.0.
2125
2126 Code using "File::Glob::glob()" should call
2127 "File::Glob::bsd_glob()" instead.
2128
2129 Filehandle %s opened only for input
2130 (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you
2131 intended it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it
2132 with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you
2133 intended only to write the file, use ">" or ">>". See "open" in
2134 perlfunc.
2135
2136 Filehandle %s opened only for output
2137 (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing,
2138 If you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to
2139 open it with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with ">". If you
2140 intended only to read from the file, use "<". See "open" in
2141 perlfunc. Another possibility is that you attempted to open
2142 filedescriptor 0 (also known as STDIN) for output (maybe you closed
2143 STDIN earlier?).
2144
2145 Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input
2146 (W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same
2147 filehandle id as STDOUT or STDERR. This occurred because you
2148 closed STDOUT or STDERR previously.
2149
2150 Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output
2151 (W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same
2152 filehandle id as STDIN. This occurred because you closed STDIN
2153 previously.
2154
2155 Final $ should be \$ or $name
2156 (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant
2157 to be a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable
2158 name that happens to be missing. So you have to put either the
2159 backslash or the name.
2160
2161 flock() on closed filehandle %s
2162 (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself
2163 closed some time before now. Check your control flow. flock()
2164 operates on filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a
2165 dirhandle by the same name?
2166
2167 Format not terminated
2168 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot.
2169 Perl got to the end of your file without finding such a line.
2170
2171 Format %s redefined
2172 (W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say
2173
2174 {
2175 no warnings 'redefine';
2176 eval "format NAME =...";
2177 }
2178
2179 Found = in conditional, should be ==
2180 (W syntax) You said
2181
2182 if ($foo = 123)
2183
2184 when you meant
2185
2186 if ($foo == 123)
2187
2188 (or something like that).
2189
2190 %s found where operator expected
2191 (S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an
2192 operator. If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was
2193 expecting to see an operator, it gives you this warning. Usually
2194 it indicates that an operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a
2195 semicolon.
2196
2197 gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s"
2198 (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed.
2199
2200 gethostent not implemented
2201 (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(),
2202 probably because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return
2203 every hostname on the Internet.
2204
2205 get%sname() on closed socket %s
2206 (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a
2207 closed socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your
2208 socket() call?
2209
2210 getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s"
2211 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to "sys$getuai" underlying
2212 the "getpwnam" operator returned an invalid UIC.
2213
2214 getsockopt() on closed socket %s
2215 (W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket.
2216 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
2217 See "getsockopt" in perlfunc.
2218
2219 given is experimental
2220 (S experimental::smartmatch) "given" depends on smartmatch, which
2221 is experimental, so its behavior may change or even be removed in
2222 any future release of perl. See the explanation under
2223 "Experimental Details on given and when" in perlsyn.
2224
2225 Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name (did you forget to
2226 declare "my %s"?)
2227 (F) You've said "use strict" or "use strict vars", which indicates
2228 that all variables must either be lexically scoped (using "my" or
2229 "state"), declared beforehand using "our", or explicitly qualified
2230 to say which package the global variable is in (using "::").
2231
2232 glob failed (%s)
2233 (S glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for
2234 "glob" and "<*.c>". Usually, this means that you supplied a "glob"
2235 pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a
2236 nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit
2237 resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell)
2238 is broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related
2239 variables in config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer
2240 to it as if it were csh (e.g. "full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'");
2241 otherwise, make them all empty (except that "d_csh" should be
2242 'undef') so that Perl will think csh is missing. In either case,
2243 after editing config.sh, run "./Configure -S" and rebuild Perl.
2244
2245 Glob not terminated
2246 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was
2247 expecting a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle
2248 bracket, and not finding it. Chances are you left some needed
2249 parentheses out earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
2250 than".
2251
2252 gmtime(%f) failed
2253 (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that it could not
2254 handle: too large, too small, or NaN. The returned value is
2255 "undef".
2256
2257 gmtime(%f) too large
2258 (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that was larger than
2259 it can reliably handle and "gmtime" probably returned the wrong
2260 date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special not-a-
2261 number value).
2262
2263 gmtime(%f) too small
2264 (W overflow) You called "gmtime" with a number that was smaller
2265 than it can reliably handle and "gmtime" probably returned the
2266 wrong date.
2267
2268 Got an error from DosAllocMem
2269 (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an
2270 obsolete version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway.
2271
2272 goto must have label
2273 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an
2274 unspecified destination. See "goto" in perlfunc.
2275
2276 Goto undefined subroutine%s
2277 (F) You tried to call a subroutine with "goto &sub" syntax, but the
2278 indicated subroutine hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has
2279 since been undefined.
2280
2281 Group name must start with a non-digit word character in regex; marked
2282 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2283 (F) Group names must follow the rules for perl identifiers, meaning
2284 they must start with a non-digit word character. A common cause of
2285 this error is using (?&0) instead of (?0). See perlre.
2286
2287 ()-group starts with a count
2288 (F) A ()-group started with a count. A count is supposed to follow
2289 something: a template character or a ()-group. See "pack" in
2290 perlfunc.
2291
2292 %s had compilation errors.
2293 (F) The final summary message when a "perl -c" fails.
2294
2295 Had to create %s unexpectedly
2296 (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that
2297 ought to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and
2298 had to be created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump.
2299
2300 %s has too many errors
2301 (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10
2302 errors. Further error messages would likely be uninformative.
2303
2304 Hexadecimal float: exponent overflow
2305 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a larger exponent
2306 than the floating point supports.
2307
2308 Hexadecimal float: exponent underflow
2309 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point has a smaller exponent
2310 than the floating point supports. With the IEEE 754 floating
2311 point, this may also mean that the subnormals (formerly known as
2312 denormals) are being used, which may or may not be an error.
2313
2314 Hexadecimal float: internal error (%s)
2315 (F) Something went horribly bad in hexadecimal float handling.
2316
2317 Hexadecimal float: mantissa overflow
2318 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point literal had more bits
2319 in the mantissa (the part between the 0x and the exponent, also
2320 known as the fraction or the significand) than the floating point
2321 supports.
2322
2323 Hexadecimal float: precision loss
2324 (W overflow) The hexadecimal floating point had internally more
2325 digits than could be output. This can be caused by unsupported
2326 long double formats, or by 64-bit integers not being available
2327 (needed to retrieve the digits under some configurations).
2328
2329 Hexadecimal float: unsupported long double format
2330 (F) You have configured Perl to use long doubles but the internals
2331 of the long double format are unknown; therefore the hexadecimal
2332 float output is impossible.
2333
2334 Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable
2335 (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than
2336 2**32-1 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems.
2337 See perlport for more on portability concerns.
2338
2339 Identifier too long
2340 (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.)
2341 to about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for
2342 compound names (like $A::B). You've exceeded Perl's limits.
2343 Future versions of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary
2344 limitations.
2345
2346 Ignoring zero length \N{} in character class in regex; marked by
2347 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2348 (W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a
2349 zero-length sequence. When such an escape is used in a character
2350 class its behavior is not well defined. Check that the correct
2351 escape has been used, and the correct charname handler is in scope.
2352
2353 Illegal binary digit %s
2354 (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number.
2355
2356 Illegal binary digit %s ignored
2357 (W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a
2358 binary number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before
2359 the offending digit.
2360
2361 Illegal character after '_' in prototype for %s : %s
2362 (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype
2363 declaration. The '_' in a prototype must be followed by a ';',
2364 indicating the rest of the parameters are optional, or one of '@'
2365 or '%', since those two will accept 0 or more final parameters.
2366
2367 Illegal character \%o (carriage return)
2368 (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it
2369 would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this
2370 error when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason,
2371 your version of Perl appears to have been built without this
2372 support. Talk to your Perl administrator.
2373
2374 Illegal character following sigil in a subroutine signature
2375 (F) A parameter in a subroutine signature contained an unexpected
2376 character following the "$", "@" or "%" sigil character. Normally
2377 the sigil should be followed by the variable name or "=" etc.
2378 Perhaps you are trying use a prototype while in the scope of "use
2379 feature 'signatures'"? For example:
2380
2381 sub foo ($$) {} # legal - a prototype
2382
2383 use feature 'signatures;
2384 sub foo ($$) {} # illegal - was expecting a signature
2385 sub foo ($a, $b)
2386 :prototype($$) {} # legal
2387
2388 Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s
2389 (W illegalproto) An illegal character was found in a prototype
2390 declaration. Legal characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [,
2391 ], &, \, and +. Perhaps you were trying to write a subroutine
2392 signature but didn't enable that feature first ("use feature
2393 'signatures'"), so your signature was instead interpreted as a bad
2394 prototype.
2395
2396 Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine
2397 (F) When using the "sub" keyword to construct an anonymous
2398 subroutine, you must always specify a block of code. See perlsub.
2399
2400 Illegal declaration of subroutine %s
2401 (F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See perlsub.
2402
2403 Illegal division by zero
2404 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong
2405 in your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against
2406 meaningless input.
2407
2408 Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored
2409 (W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or
2410 A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the
2411 hexadecimal number stopped before the illegal character.
2412
2413 Illegal modulus zero
2414 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most
2415 numbers don't take to this kindly.
2416
2417 Illegal number of bits in vec
2418 (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a
2419 power of two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that).
2420
2421 Illegal octal digit %s
2422 (F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
2423
2424 Illegal octal digit %s ignored
2425 (W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in an octal number.
2426 Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9.
2427
2428 Illegal pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2429 (F) You wrote something like
2430
2431 (?+foo)
2432
2433 The "+" is valid only when followed by digits, indicating a
2434 capturing group. See "(?PARNO)".
2435
2436 Illegal suidscript
2437 (F) The script run under suidperl was somehow illegal.
2438
2439 Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: -%c
2440 (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the
2441 following switches: -[CDIMUdmtw].
2442
2443 Illegal user-defined property name
2444 (F) You specified a Unicode-like property name in a regular
2445 expression pattern (using "\p{}" or "\P{}") that Perl knows isn't
2446 an official Unicode property, and was likely meant to be a user-
2447 defined property name, but it can't be one of those, as they must
2448 begin with either "In" or "Is". Check the spelling. See also
2449 "Can't find Unicode property definition "%s"".
2450
2451 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s"
2452 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the
2453 CRTL's internal environ array, and encountered an element without
2454 the "=" delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element
2455 is ignored.
2456
2457 Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|
2458 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a
2459 logical name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate
2460 over %ENV, and didn't see the expected delimiter between key and
2461 value, so the line was ignored.
2462
2463 (in cleanup) %s
2464 (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method
2465 raised the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually
2466 called by the system at arbitrary points during execution, and
2467 often a vast number of times, the warning is issued only once for
2468 any number of failures that would otherwise result in the same
2469 message being repeated.
2470
2471 Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the "G_KEEPERR" flag
2472 could also result in this warning. See "G_KEEPERR" in perlcall.
2473
2474 Incomplete expression within '(?[ ])' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
2475 m/%s/
2476 (F) There was a syntax error within the "(?[ ])". This can happen
2477 if the expression inside the construct was completely empty, or if
2478 there are too many or few operands for the number of operators.
2479 Perl is not smart enough to give you a more precise indication as
2480 to what is wrong.
2481
2482 Inconsistent hierarchy during C3 merge of class '%s': merging failed on
2483 parent '%s'
2484 (F) The method resolution order (MRO) of the given class is not
2485 C3-consistent, and you have enabled the C3 MRO for this class. See
2486 the C3 documentation in mro for more information.
2487
2488 Indentation on line %d of here-doc doesn't match delimiter
2489 (F) You have an indented here-document where one or more of its
2490 lines have whitespace at the beginning that does not match the
2491 closing delimiter.
2492
2493 For example, line 2 below is wrong because it does not have at
2494 least 2 spaces, but lines 1 and 3 are fine because they have at
2495 least 2:
2496
2497 if ($something) {
2498 print <<~EOF;
2499 Line 1
2500 Line 2 not
2501 Line 3
2502 EOF
2503 }
2504
2505 Note that tabs and spaces are compared strictly, meaning 1 tab will
2506 not match 8 spaces.
2507
2508 Infinite recursion in regex
2509 (F) You used a pattern that references itself without consuming any
2510 input text. You should check the pattern to ensure that recursive
2511 patterns either consume text or fail.
2512
2513 Initialization of state variables in list context currently forbidden
2514 (F) "state" only permits initializing a single scalar variable, in
2515 scalar context. So "state $a = 42" is allowed, but not "state ($a)
2516 = 42". To apply state semantics to a hash or array, store a hash
2517 or array reference in a scalar variable.
2518
2519 %%s[%s] in scalar context better written as $%s[%s]
2520 (W syntax) In scalar context, you've used an array index/value
2521 slice (indicated by %) to select a single element of an array.
2522 Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $).
2523 The difference is that $foo[&bar] always behaves like a scalar,
2524 both in the value it returns and when evaluating its argument,
2525 while %foo[&bar] provides a list context to its subscript, which
2526 can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript. When
2527 called in list context, it also returns the index (what &bar
2528 returns) in addition to the value.
2529
2530 %%s{%s} in scalar context better written as $%s{%s}
2531 (W syntax) In scalar context, you've used a hash key/value slice
2532 (indicated by %) to select a single element of a hash. Generally
2533 it's better to ask for a scalar value (indicated by $). The
2534 difference is that $foo{&bar} always behaves like a scalar, both in
2535 the value it returns and when evaluating its argument, while
2536 @foo{&bar} and provides a list context to its subscript, which can
2537 do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript. When
2538 called in list context, it also returns the key in addition to the
2539 value.
2540
2541 Insecure dependency in %s
2542 (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't
2543 like. The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running
2544 setuid or setgid, or when you specify -T to turn it on explicitly.
2545 The tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or
2546 indirectly from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your
2547 trust. If any such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you
2548 get this error. See perlsec for more information.
2549
2550 Insecure directory in %s
2551 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2552 setgid script if $ENV{PATH} contains a directory that is writable
2553 by the world. Also, the PATH must not contain any relative
2554 directory. See perlsec.
2555
2556 Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s
2557 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or
2558 setgid script if any of $ENV{PATH}, $ENV{IFS}, $ENV{CDPATH},
2559 $ENV{ENV}, $ENV{BASH_ENV} or $ENV{TERM} are derived from data
2560 supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must
2561 set the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See
2562 perlsec.
2563
2564 Insecure user-defined property %s
2565 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular
2566 expression that contains a call to a user-defined character
2567 property function, i.e. "\p{IsFoo}" or "\p{InFoo}". See "User-
2568 Defined Character Properties" in perlunicode and perlsec.
2569
2570 Integer overflow in format string for %s
2571 (F) The indexes and widths specified in the format string of
2572 "printf()" or "sprintf()" are too large. The numbers must not
2573 overflow the size of integers for your architecture.
2574
2575 Integer overflow in %s number
2576 (S overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have
2577 specified either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct()
2578 is too big for your architecture, and has been converted to a
2579 floating point number. On a 32-bit architecture the largest
2580 hexadecimal, octal or binary number representable without overflow
2581 is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or 0b11111111111111111111111111111111
2582 respectively. Note that Perl transparently promotes all numbers to
2583 a floating point representation internally--subject to loss of
2584 precision errors in subsequent operations.
2585
2586 Integer overflow in srand
2587 (S overflow) The number you have passed to srand is too big to fit
2588 in your architecture's integer representation. The number has been
2589 replaced with the largest integer supported (0xFFFFFFFF on 32-bit
2590 architectures). This means you may be getting less randomness than
2591 you expect, because different random seeds above the maximum will
2592 return the same sequence of random numbers.
2593
2594 Integer overflow in version
2595 Integer overflow in version %d
2596 (W overflow) Some portion of a version initialization is too large
2597 for the size of integers for your architecture. This is not a
2598 warning because there is no rational reason for a version to try
2599 and use an element larger than typically 2**32. This is usually
2600 caused by trying to use some odd mathematical operation as a
2601 version, like 100/9.
2602
2603 Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2604 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser.
2605 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2606 problem was discovered.
2607
2608 Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks
2609 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of
2610 times you've called "fork" and "exec", to determine whether the
2611 current call to "exec" should affect the current script or a
2612 subprocess (see "exec LIST" in perlvms). Somehow, this count has
2613 become scrambled, so Perl is making a guess and treating this
2614 "exec" as a request to terminate the Perl script and execute the
2615 specified command.
2616
2617 internal %<num>p might conflict with future printf extensions
2618 (S internal) Perl's internal routine that handles "printf" and
2619 "sprintf" formatting follows a slightly different set of rules when
2620 called from C or XS code. Specifically, formats consisting of
2621 digits followed by "p" (e.g., "%7p") are reserved for future use.
2622 If you see this message, then an XS module tried to call that
2623 routine with one such reserved format.
2624
2625 Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2626 (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser.
2627 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
2628 problem was discovered.
2629
2630 %s (...) interpreted as function
2631 (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list
2632 operator followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all
2633 the list operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See
2634 "Terms and List Operators (Leftward)" in perlop.
2635
2636 In '(?...)', the '(' and '?' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2637 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2638 (F) The two-character sequence "(?" in this context in a regular
2639 expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2640 intervening between the "(" and the "?", but you separated them
2641 with whitespace.
2642
2643 Invalid %s attribute: %s
2644 (F) The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not
2645 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See attributes.
2646
2647 Invalid %s attributes: %s
2648 (F) The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not
2649 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See attributes.
2650
2651 Invalid character in charnames alias definition; marked by <-- HERE in
2652 '%s
2653 (F) You tried to create a custom alias for a character name, with
2654 the ":alias" option to "use charnames" and the specified character
2655 in the indicated name isn't valid. See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in
2656 charnames.
2657
2658 Invalid \0 character in %s for %s: %s\0%s
2659 (W syscalls) Embedded \0 characters in pathnames or other system
2660 call arguments produce a warning as of 5.20. The parts after the
2661 \0 were formerly ignored by system calls.
2662
2663 Invalid character in \N{...}; marked by <-- HERE in \N{%s}
2664 (F) Only certain characters are valid for character names. The
2665 indicated one isn't. See "CUSTOM ALIASES" in charnames.
2666
2667 Invalid conversion in %s: "%s"
2668 (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion.
2669 See "sprintf" in perlfunc.
2670
2671 Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regex; marked by <-- HERE
2672 in m/%s/
2673 (W regexp)(F) The numeric escape (for example "\xHH") of value <
2674 256 didn't correspond to a single character through the conversion
2675 from the encoding specified by the encoding pragma. The escape was
2676 replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (U+FFFD) instead, except within
2677 "(?[ ])", where it is a fatal error. The <-- HERE shows
2678 whereabouts in the regular expression the escape was discovered.
2679
2680 Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...}
2681 Invalid hexadecimal number in \N{U+...} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
2682 m/%s/
2683 (F) The character constant represented by "..." is not a valid
2684 hexadecimal number. Either it is empty, or you tried to use a
2685 character other than 0 - 9 or A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number.
2686
2687 Invalid module name %s with -%c option: contains single ':'
2688 (F) The module argument to perl's -m and -M command-line options
2689 cannot contain single colons in the module name, but only in the
2690 arguments after "=". In other words, -MFoo::Bar=:baz is ok, but
2691 -MFoo:Bar=baz is not.
2692
2693 Invalid mro name: '%s'
2694 (F) You tried to "mro::set_mro("classname", "foo")" or "use mro
2695 'foo'", where "foo" is not a valid method resolution order (MRO).
2696 Currently, the only valid ones supported are "dfs" and "c3", unless
2697 you have loaded a module that is a MRO plugin. See mro and
2698 perlmroapi.
2699
2700 Invalid negative number (%s) in chr
2701 (W utf8) You passed a negative number to "chr". Negative numbers
2702 are not valid character numbers, so it returns the Unicode
2703 replacement character (U+FFFD).
2704
2705 Invalid number '%s' for -C option.
2706 (F) You supplied a number to the -C option that either has extra
2707 leading zeroes or overflows perl's unsigned integer representation.
2708
2709 invalid option -D%c, use -D'' to see choices
2710 (S debugging) Perl was called with invalid debugger flags. Call
2711 perl with the -D option with no flags to see the list of acceptable
2712 values. See also "-Dletters" in perlrun.
2713
2714 Invalid quantifier in {,} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2715 (F) The pattern looks like a {min,max} quantifier, but the min or
2716 max could not be parsed as a valid number - either it has leading
2717 zeroes, or it represents too big a number to cope with. The
2718 <-- HERE shows where in the regular expression the problem was
2719 discovered. See perlre.
2720
2721 Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2722 (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum
2723 character greater than the maximum character. One possibility is
2724 that you forgot the "{}" from your ending "\x{}" - "\x" without the
2725 curly braces can go only up to "ff". The <-- HERE shows
2726 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
2727 See perlre.
2728
2729 Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator
2730 (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum
2731 character greater than the maximum character. See perlop.
2732
2733 Invalid separator character %s in attribute list
2734 (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the
2735 elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a
2736 parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too
2737 soon. See attributes.
2738
2739 Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s
2740 (W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something
2741 other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a
2742 layer list. If the previous attribute had a parenthesised
2743 parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon.
2744
2745 Invalid strict version format (%s)
2746 (F) A version number did not meet the "strict" criteria for
2747 versions. A "strict" version number is a positive decimal number
2748 (integer or decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a
2749 dotted-decimal v-string with a leading 'v' character and at least
2750 three components. The parenthesized text indicates which criteria
2751 were not met. See the version module for more details on allowed
2752 version formats.
2753
2754 Invalid type '%s' in %s
2755 (F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type. See
2756 "pack" in perlfunc.
2757
2758 (W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used
2759 to be silently ignored.
2760
2761 Invalid version format (%s)
2762 (F) A version number did not meet the "lax" criteria for versions.
2763 A "lax" version number is a positive decimal number (integer or
2764 decimal-fraction) without exponentiation or else a dotted-decimal
2765 v-string. If the v-string has fewer than three components, it must
2766 have a leading 'v' character. Otherwise, the leading 'v' is
2767 optional. Both decimal and dotted-decimal versions may have a
2768 trailing "alpha" component separated by an underscore character
2769 after a fractional or dotted-decimal component. The parenthesized
2770 text indicates which criteria were not met. See the version module
2771 for more details on allowed version formats.
2772
2773 Invalid version object
2774 (F) The internal structure of the version object was invalid.
2775 Perhaps the internals were modified directly in some way or an
2776 arbitrary reference was blessed into the "version" class.
2777
2778 In '(*VERB...)', the '(' and '*' must be adjacent in regex; marked by
2779 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2780 (F) The two-character sequence "(*" in this context in a regular
2781 expression pattern should be an indivisible token, with nothing
2782 intervening between the "(" and the "*", but you separated them.
2783
2784 ioctl is not implemented
2785 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is
2786 pretty strange for a machine that supports C.
2787
2788 ioctl() on unopened %s
2789 (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never
2790 opened. Check your control flow and number of arguments.
2791
2792 IO layers (like '%s') unavailable
2793 (F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore
2794 you cannot use IO layers. To have PerlIO, Perl must be configured
2795 with 'useperlio'.
2796
2797 IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture
2798 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality,
2799 neither as a system call nor an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK).
2800
2801 '%s' is an unknown bound type in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
2802 (F) You used "\b{...}" or "\B{...}" and the "..." is not known to
2803 Perl. The current valid ones are given in "\b{}, \b, \B{}, \B" in
2804 perlrebackslash.
2805
2806 %s() is deprecated on :utf8 handles. This will be a fatal error in Perl
2807 5.30
2808 (D deprecated) The sysread(), recv(), syswrite() and send()
2809 operators are deprecated on handles that have the ":utf8" layer,
2810 either explicitly, or implicitly, eg., with the
2811 ":encoding(UTF-16LE)" layer.
2812
2813 Both sysread() and recv() currently use only the ":utf8" flag for
2814 the stream, ignoring the actual layers. Since sysread() and recv()
2815 do no UTF-8 validation they can end up creating invalidly encoded
2816 scalars.
2817
2818 Similarly, syswrite() and send() use only the ":utf8" flag,
2819 otherwise ignoring any layers. If the flag is set, both write the
2820 value UTF-8 encoded, even if the layer is some different encoding,
2821 such as the example above.
2822
2823 Ideally, all of these operators would completely ignore the ":utf8"
2824 state, working only with bytes, but this would result in silently
2825 breaking existing code.
2826
2827 In Perl 5.30, it will no longer be possible to use sysread(),
2828 recv(), syswrite() or send() to read or send bytes from/to :utf8
2829 handles.
2830
2831 "%s" is more clearly written simply as "%s" in regex; marked by
2832 <-- HERE in m/%s/
2833 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
2834
2835 You specified a character that has the given plainer way of writing
2836 it, and which is also portable to platforms running with different
2837 character sets.
2838
2839 $* is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30
2840 (D deprecated, syntax) The special variable $*, deprecated in older
2841 perls, has been removed as of 5.10.0 and is no longer supported.
2842 In previous versions of perl the use of $* enabled or disabled
2843 multi-line matching within a string.
2844
2845 Instead of using $* you should use the "/m" (and maybe "/s") regexp
2846 modifiers. You can enable "/m" for a lexical scope (even a whole
2847 file) with "use re '/m'". (In older versions: when $* was set to a
2848 true value then all regular expressions behaved as if they were
2849 written using "/m".)
2850
2851 Use of this variable will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
2852
2853 $# is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30
2854 (D deprecated, syntax) The special variable $#, deprecated in older
2855 perls, has been removed as of 5.10.0 and is no longer supported.
2856 You should use the printf/sprintf functions instead.
2857
2858 Use of this variable will be a fatal error in Perl 5.30.
2859
2860 '%s' is not a code reference
2861 (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of
2862 overload::constant needs to be a code reference. Either an
2863 anonymous subroutine, or a reference to a subroutine.
2864
2865 '%s' is not an overloadable type
2866 (W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload
2867 package is unaware of.
2868
2869 -i used with no filenames on the command line, reading from STDIN
2870 (S inplace) The "-i" option was passed on the command line,
2871 indicating that the script is intended to edit files in place, but
2872 no files were given. This is usually a mistake, since editing
2873 STDIN in place doesn't make sense, and can be confusing because it
2874 can make perl look like it is hanging when it is really just trying
2875 to read from STDIN. You should either pass a filename to edit, or
2876 remove "-i" from the command line. See perlrun for more details.
2877
2878 Junk on end of regexp in regex m/%s/
2879 (P) The regular expression parser is confused.
2880
2881 Label not found for "last %s"
2882 (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a
2883 loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called
2884 from. See "last" in perlfunc.
2885
2886 Label not found for "next %s"
2887 (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a
2888 loop of that name, not even if you count where you were called
2889 from. See "last" in perlfunc.
2890
2891 Label not found for "redo %s"
2892 (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop
2893 of that name, not even if you count where you were called from.
2894 See "last" in perlfunc.
2895
2896 leaving effective %s failed
2897 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, switching the real and
2898 effective uids or gids failed.
2899
2900 length/code after end of string in unpack
2901 (F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an
2902 unpack length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This
2903 results in an undefined value for the length. See "pack" in
2904 perlfunc.
2905
2906 length() used on %s (did you mean "scalar(%s)"?)
2907 (W syntax) You used length() on either an array or a hash when you
2908 probably wanted a count of the items.
2909
2910 Array size can be obtained by doing:
2911
2912 scalar(@array);
2913
2914 The number of items in a hash can be obtained by doing:
2915
2916 scalar(keys %hash);
2917
2918 Lexing code attempted to stuff non-Latin-1 character into Latin-1 input
2919 (F) An extension is attempting to insert text into the current
2920 parse (using lex_stuff_pvn or similar), but tried to insert a
2921 character that couldn't be part of the current input. This is an
2922 inherent pitfall of the stuffing mechanism, and one of the reasons
2923 to avoid it. Where it is necessary to stuff, stuffing only plain
2924 ASCII is recommended.
2925
2926 Lexing code internal error (%s)
2927 (F) Lexing code supplied by an extension violated the lexer's API
2928 in a detectable way.
2929
2930 listen() on closed socket %s
2931 (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you
2932 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See
2933 "listen" in perlfunc.
2934
2935 List form of piped open not implemented
2936 (F) On some platforms, notably Windows, the three-or-more-arguments
2937 form of "open" does not support pipes, such as "open($pipe, '|-',
2938 @args)". Use the two-argument "open($pipe, '|prog arg1 arg2...')"
2939 form instead.
2940
2941 %s: loadable library and perl binaries are mismatched (got handshake
2942 key %p, needed %p)
2943 (P) A dynamic loading library ".so" or ".dll" was being loaded into
2944 the process that was built against a different build of perl than
2945 the said library was compiled against. Reinstalling the XS module
2946 will likely fix this error.
2947
2948 Locale '%s' may not work well.%s
2949 (W locale) You are using the named locale, which is a non-UTF-8
2950 one, and which perl has determined is not fully compatible with
2951 what it can handle. The second %s gives a reason.
2952
2953 By far the most common reason is that the locale has characters in
2954 it that are represented by more than one byte. The only such
2955 locales that Perl can handle are the UTF-8 locales. Most likely
2956 the specified locale is a non-UTF-8 one for an East Asian language
2957 such as Chinese or Japanese. If the locale is a superset of ASCII,
2958 the ASCII portion of it may work in Perl.
2959
2960 Some essentially obsolete locales that aren't supersets of ASCII,
2961 mainly those in ISO 646 or other 7-bit locales, such as ASMO 449,
2962 can also have problems, depending on what portions of the ASCII
2963 character set get changed by the locale and are also used by the
2964 program. The warning message lists the determinable conflicting
2965 characters.
2966
2967 Note that not all incompatibilities are found.
2968
2969 If this happens to you, there's not much you can do except switch
2970 to use a different locale or use Encode to translate from the
2971 locale into UTF-8; if that's impracticable, you have been warned
2972 that some things may break.
2973
2974 This message is output once each time a bad locale is switched into
2975 within the scope of "use locale", or on the first possibly-affected
2976 operation if the "use locale" inherits a bad one. It is not raised
2977 for any operations from the POSIX module.
2978
2979 localtime(%f) failed
2980 (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that it could not
2981 handle: too large, too small, or NaN. The returned value is
2982 "undef".
2983
2984 localtime(%f) too large
2985 (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that was larger
2986 than it can reliably handle and "localtime" probably returned the
2987 wrong date. This warning is also triggered with NaN (the special
2988 not-a-number value).
2989
2990 localtime(%f) too small
2991 (W overflow) You called "localtime" with a number that was smaller
2992 than it can reliably handle and "localtime" probably returned the
2993 wrong date.
2994
2995 Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex m/%s/
2996 (F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which
2997 lookbehind can handle. This restriction may be eased in a future
2998 release.
2999
3000 Lost precision when %s %f by 1
3001 (W imprecision) The value you attempted to increment or decrement
3002 by one is too large for the underlying floating point
3003 representation to store accurately, hence the target of "++" or
3004 "--" is unchanged. Perl issues this warning because it has already
3005 switched from integers to floating point when values are too large
3006 for integers, and now even floating point is insufficient. You may
3007 wish to switch to using Math::BigInt explicitly.
3008
3009 lstat() on filehandle%s
3010 (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean
3011 by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a
3012 fstat() instead on the filehandle.)
3013
3014 lvalue attribute %s already-defined subroutine
3015 (W misc) Although attributes.pm allows this, turning the lvalue
3016 attribute on or off on a Perl subroutine that is already defined
3017 does not always work properly. It may or may not do what you want,
3018 depending on what code is inside the subroutine, with exact details
3019 subject to change between Perl versions. Only do this if you
3020 really know what you are doing.
3021
3022 lvalue attribute ignored after the subroutine has been defined
3023 (W misc) Using the ":lvalue" declarative syntax to make a Perl
3024 subroutine an lvalue subroutine after it has been defined is not
3025 permitted. To make the subroutine an lvalue subroutine, add the
3026 lvalue attribute to the definition, or put the "sub foo :lvalue;"
3027 declaration before the definition.
3028
3029 See also attributes.pm.
3030
3031 Magical list constants are not supported
3032 (F) You assigned a magical array to a stash element, and then tried
3033 to use the subroutine from the same slot. You are asking Perl to
3034 do something it cannot do, details subject to change between Perl
3035 versions.
3036
3037 Malformed integer in [] in pack
3038 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only
3039 digits are permitted. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3040
3041 Malformed integer in [] in unpack
3042 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only
3043 digits are permitted. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3044
3045 Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX
3046 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the
3047 form
3048
3049 prefix1;prefix2
3050
3051 or
3052 prefix1 prefix2
3053
3054 with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If "prefix1" is indeed a prefix
3055 of a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The
3056 error may appear if components are not found, or are too long. See
3057 "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in perlos2.
3058
3059 Malformed prototype for %s: %s
3060 (F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The
3061 syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check
3062 for obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check
3063 is run when the function is called. Perhaps the function's author
3064 was trying to write a subroutine signature but didn't enable that
3065 feature first ("use feature 'signatures'"), so the signature was
3066 instead interpreted as a bad prototype.
3067
3068 Malformed UTF-8 character%s
3069 (S utf8)(F) Perl detected a string that should be UTF-8, but didn't
3070 comply with UTF-8 encoding rules, or represents a code point whose
3071 ordinal integer value doesn't fit into the word size of the current
3072 platform (overflows). Details as to the exact malformation are
3073 given in the variable, %s, part of the message.
3074
3075 One possible cause is that you set the UTF8 flag yourself for data
3076 that you thought to be in UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example
3077 legacy 8-bit data). To guard against this, you can use
3078 "Encode::decode('UTF-8', ...)".
3079
3080 If you use the ":encoding(UTF-8)" PerlIO layer for input, invalid
3081 byte sequences are handled gracefully, but if you use ":utf8", the
3082 flag is set without validating the data, possibly resulting in this
3083 error message.
3084
3085 See also "Handling Malformed Data" in Encode.
3086
3087 Malformed UTF-8 returned by \N{%s} immediately after '%s'
3088 (F) The charnames handler returned malformed UTF-8.
3089
3090 Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack
3091 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3092 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3093 progress.
3094
3095 Malformed UTF-8 string in pack
3096 (F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3097 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3098 progress.
3099
3100 Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack
3101 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8
3102 encoding rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more
3103 progress.
3104
3105 Malformed UTF-8 string in "%s"
3106 (F) This message indicates a bug either in the Perl core or in XS
3107 code. Such code was trying to find out if a character, allegedly
3108 stored internally encoded as UTF-8, was of a given type, such as
3109 being punctuation or a digit. But the character was not encoded in
3110 legal UTF-8. The %s is replaced by a string that can be used by
3111 knowledgeable people to determine what the type being checked
3112 against was.
3113
3114 Passing malformed strings was deprecated in Perl 5.18, and became
3115 fatal in Perl 5.26.
3116
3117 Malformed UTF-16 surrogate
3118 (F) Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but
3119 while doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate.
3120
3121 Mandatory parameter follows optional parameter
3122 (F) In a subroutine signature, you wrote something like "$a =
3123 undef, $b", making an earlier parameter optional and a later one
3124 mandatory. Parameters are filled from left to right, so it's
3125 impossible for the caller to omit an earlier one and pass a later
3126 one. If you want to act as if the parameters are filled from right
3127 to left, declare the rightmost optional and then shuffle the
3128 parameters around in the subroutine's body.
3129
3130 Matched non-Unicode code point 0x%X against Unicode property; may not
3131 be portable
3132 (S non_unicode) Perl allows strings to contain a superset of
3133 Unicode code points; each code point may be as large as what is
3134 storable in a signed integer on your system, but these may not be
3135 accepted by other languages/systems. This message occurs when you
3136 matched a string containing such a code point against a regular
3137 expression pattern, and the code point was matched against a
3138 Unicode property, "\p{...}" or "\P{...}". Unicode properties are
3139 only defined on Unicode code points, so the result of this match is
3140 undefined by Unicode, but Perl (starting in v5.20) treats non-
3141 Unicode code points as if they were typical unassigned Unicode
3142 ones, and matched this one accordingly. Whether a given property
3143 matches these code points or not is specified in "Properties
3144 accessible through \p{} and \P{}" in perluniprops.
3145
3146 This message is suppressed (unless it has been made fatal) if it is
3147 immaterial to the results of the match if the code point is Unicode
3148 or not. For example, the property "\p{ASCII_Hex_Digit}" only can
3149 match the 22 characters "[0-9A-Fa-f]", so obviously all other code
3150 points, Unicode or not, won't match it. (And "\P{ASCII_Hex_Digit}"
3151 will match every code point except these 22.)
3152
3153 Getting this message indicates that the outcome of the match
3154 arguably should have been the opposite of what actually happened.
3155 If you think that is the case, you may wish to make the
3156 "non_unicode" warnings category fatal; if you agree with Perl's
3157 decision, you may wish to turn off this category.
3158
3159 See "Beyond Unicode code points" in perlunicode for more
3160 information.
3161
3162 %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3163 (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop
3164 if the regular expression engine didn't specifically check for
3165 that. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
3166 problem was discovered. See perlre.
3167
3168 Maximal count of pending signals (%u) exceeded
3169 (F) Perl aborted due to too high a number of signals pending. This
3170 usually indicates that your operating system tried to deliver
3171 signals too fast (with a very high priority), starving the perl
3172 process from resources it would need to reach a point where it can
3173 process signals safely. (See "Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)" in
3174 perlipc.)
3175
3176 "%s" may clash with future reserved word
3177 (W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a
3178 perl4 interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned
3179 about is "use" or "my".
3180
3181 '%' may not be used in pack
3182 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the
3183 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other
3184 way. See "unpack" in perlfunc.
3185
3186 Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing
3187 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table
3188 that doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See overload.
3189
3190 Method %s not permitted
3191 See "500 Server error".
3192
3193 Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d
3194 (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been
3195 caused by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it
3196 eventually ended earlier on the current line.
3197
3198 Misplaced _ in number
3199 (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not
3200 separate two digits.
3201
3202 Missing argument in %s
3203 (W missing) You called a function with fewer arguments than other
3204 arguments you supplied indicated would be needed.
3205
3206 Currently only emitted when a printf-type format required more
3207 arguments than were supplied, but might be used in the future for
3208 other cases where we can statically determine that arguments to
3209 functions are missing, e.g. for the "pack" in perlfunc function.
3210
3211 Missing argument to -%c
3212 (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow
3213 immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces.
3214
3215 Missing braces on \N{}
3216 Missing braces on \N{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3217 (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal "\N{charname}" within
3218 double-quotish context. This can also happen when there is a space
3219 (or comment) between the "\N" and the "{" in a regex with the "/x"
3220 modifier. This modifier does not change the requirement that the
3221 brace immediately follow the "\N".
3222
3223 Missing braces on \o{}
3224 (F) A "\o" must be followed immediately by a "{" in double-quotish
3225 context.
3226
3227 Missing comma after first argument to %s function
3228 (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an
3229 "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them.
3230
3231 Missing command in piped open
3232 (W pipe) You used the "open(FH, "| command")" or "open(FH, "command
3233 |")" construction, but the command was missing or blank.
3234
3235 Missing control char name in \c
3236 (F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required
3237 control character name.
3238
3239 Missing ']' in prototype for %s : %s
3240 (W illegalproto) A grouping was started with "[" but never closed
3241 with "]".
3242
3243 Missing name in "%s sub"
3244 (F) The syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that they
3245 have a name with which they can be found.
3246
3247 Missing $ on loop variable
3248 (F) Apparently you've been programming in csh too much. Variables
3249 are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells,
3250 where it can vary from one line to the next.
3251
3252 (Missing operator before %s?)
3253 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
3254 message "%s found where operator expected". Often the missing
3255 operator is a comma.
3256
3257 Missing or undefined argument to %s
3258 (F) You tried to call require or do with no argument or with an
3259 undefined value as an argument. Require expects either a package
3260 name or a file-specification as an argument; do expects a filename.
3261 See "require EXPR" in perlfunc and "do EXPR" in perlfunc.
3262
3263 Missing right brace on \%c{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3264 (F) Missing right brace in "\x{...}", "\p{...}", "\P{...}", or
3265 "\N{...}".
3266
3267 Missing right brace on \N{}
3268 Missing right brace on \N{} or unescaped left brace after \N
3269 (F) "\N" has two meanings.
3270
3271 The traditional one has it followed by a name enclosed in braces,
3272 meaning the character (or sequence of characters) given by that
3273 name. Thus "\N{ASTERISK}" is another way of writing "*", valid in
3274 both double-quoted strings and regular expression patterns. In
3275 patterns, it doesn't have the meaning an unescaped "*" does.
3276
3277 Starting in Perl 5.12.0, "\N" also can have an additional meaning
3278 (only) in patterns, namely to match a non-newline character. (This
3279 is short for "[^\n]", and like "." but is not affected by the "/s"
3280 regex modifier.)
3281
3282 This can lead to some ambiguities. When "\N" is not followed
3283 immediately by a left brace, Perl assumes the "[^\n]" meaning.
3284 Also, if the braces form a valid quantifier such as "\N{3}" or
3285 "\N{5,}", Perl assumes that this means to match the given quantity
3286 of non-newlines (in these examples, 3; and 5 or more,
3287 respectively). In all other case, where there is a "\N{" and a
3288 matching "}", Perl assumes that a character name is desired.
3289
3290 However, if there is no matching "}", Perl doesn't know if it was
3291 mistakenly omitted, or if "[^\n]{" was desired, and raises this
3292 error. If you meant the former, add the right brace; if you meant
3293 the latter, escape the brace with a backslash, like so: "\N\{"
3294
3295 Missing right curly or square bracket
3296 (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than
3297 closing ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the
3298 place you were last editing.
3299
3300 (Missing semicolon on previous line?)
3301 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the
3302 message "%s found where operator expected". Don't automatically
3303 put a semicolon on the previous line just because you saw this
3304 message.
3305
3306 Modification of a read-only value attempted
3307 (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a
3308 constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler
3309 catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is:
3310
3311 sub mod { $_[0] = 1 }
3312 mod(2);
3313
3314 Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the
3315 string.
3316
3317 Yet another way is to assign to a "foreach" loop VAR when VAR is
3318 aliased to a constant in the look LIST:
3319
3320 $x = 1;
3321 foreach my $n ($x, 2) {
3322 $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to
3323 } # modify the 2
3324
3325 Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s
3326 (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the
3327 subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the
3328 array backwards.
3329
3330 Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s
3331 (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it
3332 couldn't be created for some peculiar reason.
3333
3334 Module name must be constant
3335 (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a
3336 "use".
3337
3338 Module name required with -%c option
3339 (F) The "-M" or "-m" options say that Perl should load some module,
3340 but you omitted the name of the module. Consult perlrun for full
3341 details about "-M" and "-m".
3342
3343 More than one argument to '%s' open
3344 (F) The "open" function has been asked to open multiple files.
3345 This can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that
3346 takes a list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped
3347 open mode. See "open" in perlfunc for details.
3348
3349 mprotect for COW string %p %u failed with %d
3350 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW (see "Copy on
3351 Write" in perlguts), but a shared string buffer could not be made
3352 read-only.
3353
3354 mprotect for %p %u failed with %d
3355 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS (see
3356 perlhacktips), but an op tree could not be made read-only.
3357
3358 mprotect RW for COW string %p %u failed with %d
3359 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_COW (see "Copy on
3360 Write" in perlguts), but a read-only shared string buffer could not
3361 be made mutable.
3362
3363 mprotect RW for %p %u failed with %d
3364 (S) You compiled perl with -DPERL_DEBUG_READONLY_OPS (see
3365 perlhacktips), but a read-only op tree could not be made mutable
3366 before freeing the ops.
3367
3368 msg%s not implemented
3369 (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system.
3370
3371 Multidimensional syntax %s not supported
3372 (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like $foo[1,2,3].
3373 They're written like $foo[1][2][3], as in C.
3374
3375 Multiple slurpy parameters not allowed
3376 (F) In subroutine signatures, a slurpy parameter ("@" or "%") must
3377 be the last parameter, and there must not be more than one of them;
3378 for example:
3379
3380 sub foo ($a, @b) {} # legal
3381 sub foo ($a, @b, %) {} # invalid
3382
3383 '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack
3384 (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did
3385 not follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value.
3386 See "pack" in perlfunc.
3387
3388 %s must not be a named sequence in transliteration operator
3389 (F) Transliteration ("tr///" and "y///") transliterates individual
3390 characters. But a named sequence by definition is more than an
3391 individual charater, and hence doing this operation on it doesn't
3392 make sense.
3393
3394 "my sub" not yet implemented
3395 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't
3396 try that yet.
3397
3398 "my" subroutine %s can't be in a package
3399 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't
3400 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
3401 front.
3402
3403 "my %s" used in sort comparison
3404 (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort
3405 comparisons. You used $a or $b in as an operand to the "<=>" or
3406 "cmp" operator inside a sort comparison block, and the variable had
3407 earlier been declared as a lexical variable. Either qualify the
3408 sort variable with the package name, or rename the lexical
3409 variable.
3410
3411 "my" variable %s can't be in a package
3412 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't
3413 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
3414 front. Use local() if you want to localize a package variable.
3415
3416 Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo
3417 (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable
3418 names. If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then
3419 just mention it again somehow to suppress the message. The "our"
3420 declaration is also provided for this purpose.
3421
3422 NOTE: This warning detects package symbols that have been used only
3423 once. This means lexical variables will never trigger this
3424 warning. It also means that all of the package variables $c, @c,
3425 %c, as well as *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or
3426 format) are considered the same; if a program uses $c only once but
3427 also uses any of the others it will not trigger this warning.
3428 Symbols beginning with an underscore and symbols using special
3429 identifiers (q.v. perldata) are exempt from this warning.
3430
3431 Need exactly 3 octal digits in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3432 (F) Within "(?[ ])", all constants interpreted as octal need to
3433 be exactly 3 digits long. This helps catch some ambiguities. If
3434 your constant is too short, add leading zeros, like
3435
3436 (?[ [ \078 ] ]) # Syntax error!
3437 (?[ [ \0078 ] ]) # Works
3438 (?[ [ \007 8 ] ]) # Clearer
3439
3440 The maximum number this construct can express is "\777". If you
3441 need a larger one, you need to use \o{} instead. If you meant two
3442 separate things, you need to separate them:
3443
3444 (?[ [ \7776 ] ]) # Syntax error!
3445 (?[ [ \o{7776} ] ]) # One meaning
3446 (?[ [ \777 6 ] ]) # Another meaning
3447 (?[ [ \777 \006 ] ]) # Still another
3448
3449 Negative '/' count in unpack
3450 (F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation
3451 was negative. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3452
3453 Negative length
3454 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer
3455 length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine.
3456
3457 Negative offset to vec in lvalue context
3458 (F) When "vec" is called in an lvalue context, the second argument
3459 must be greater than or equal to zero.
3460
3461 Negative repeat count does nothing
3462 (W numeric) You tried to execute the "x" repetition operator fewer
3463 than 0 times, which doesn't make sense.
3464
3465 Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3466 (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening
3467 parentheses. So things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The
3468 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
3469 was discovered.
3470
3471 Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, "*?", "+?", and "??"
3472 appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See perlre.
3473
3474 %s never introduced
3475 (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went
3476 out of scope before it could possibly have been used.
3477
3478 next::method/next::can/maybe::next::method cannot find enclosing method
3479 (F) "next::method" needs to be called within the context of a real
3480 method in a real package, and it could not find such a context.
3481 See mro.
3482
3483 \N in a character class must be a named character: \N{...} in regex;
3484 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3485 (F) The new (as of Perl 5.12) meaning of "\N" as "[^\n]" is not
3486 valid in a bracketed character class, for the same reason that "."
3487 in a character class loses its specialness: it matches almost
3488 everything, which is probably not what you want.
3489
3490 \N{} in inverted character class or as a range end-point is restricted
3491 to one character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3492 (F) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a multi-
3493 character sequence. Even though a character class is supposed to
3494 match just one character of input, perl will match the whole thing
3495 correctly, except when the class is inverted ("[^...]"), or the
3496 escape is the beginning or final end point of a range. The
3497 mathematically logical behavior for what matches when inverting is
3498 very different from what people expect, so we have decided to
3499 forbid it. Similarly unclear is what should be generated when the
3500 "\N{...}" is used as one of the end points of the range, such as in
3501
3502 [\x{41}-\N{ARABIC SEQUENCE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH AE}]
3503
3504 What is meant here is unclear, as the "\N{...}" escape is a
3505 sequence of code points, so this is made an error.
3506
3507 \N{NAME} must be resolved by the lexer in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
3508 m/%s/
3509 (F) When compiling a regex pattern, an unresolved named character
3510 or sequence was encountered. This can happen in any of several
3511 ways that bypass the lexer, such as using single-quotish context,
3512 or an extra backslash in double-quotish:
3513
3514 $re = '\N{SPACE}'; # Wrong!
3515 $re = "\\N{SPACE}"; # Wrong!
3516 /$re/;
3517
3518 Instead, use double-quotes with a single backslash:
3519
3520 $re = "\N{SPACE}"; # ok
3521 /$re/;
3522
3523 The lexer can be bypassed as well by creating the pattern from
3524 smaller components:
3525
3526 $re = '\N';
3527 /${re}{SPACE}/; # Wrong!
3528
3529 It's not a good idea to split a construct in the middle like this,
3530 and it doesn't work here. Instead use the solution above.
3531
3532 Finally, the message also can happen under the "/x" regex modifier
3533 when the "\N" is separated by spaces from the "{", in which case,
3534 remove the spaces.
3535
3536 /\N {SPACE}/x; # Wrong!
3537 /\N{SPACE}/x; # ok
3538
3539 No %s allowed while running setuid
3540 (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid
3541 or setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking
3542 there will be another way to do what you want that is, if not
3543 secure, at least securable. See perlsec.
3544
3545 No code specified for -%c
3546 (F) Perl's -e and -E command-line options require an argument. If
3547 you want to run an empty program, pass the empty string as a
3548 separate argument or run a program consisting of a single 0 or 1:
3549
3550 perl -e ""
3551 perl -e0
3552 perl -e1
3553
3554 No comma allowed after %s
3555 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is
3556 not allowed to have a comma between that and the following
3557 arguments. Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments.
3558
3559 One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a
3560 constant to your name space with use or import while no such
3561 importing took place, it may for example be that your operating
3562 system does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you
3563 did use an explicit import list for the constants you expect to
3564 see; please see "use" in perlfunc and "import" in perlfunc. While
3565 an explicit import list would probably have caught this error
3566 earlier it naturally does not remedy the fact that your operating
3567 system still does not support that constant. Maybe you have a typo
3568 in the constants of the symbol import list of use or import or in
3569 the constant name at the line where this error was triggered?
3570
3571 No command into which to pipe on command line
3572 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3573 redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it
3574 doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command.
3575
3576 No DB::DB routine defined
3577 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch,
3578 but for some reason the current debugger (e.g. perl5db.pl or a
3579 "Devel::" module) didn't define a routine to be called at the
3580 beginning of each statement.
3581
3582 No dbm on this machine
3583 (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine
3584 should supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See
3585 SDBM_File.
3586
3587 No DB::sub routine defined
3588 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the -d switch,
3589 but for some reason the current debugger (e.g. perl5db.pl or a
3590 "Devel::" module) didn't define a "DB::sub" routine to be called at
3591 the beginning of each ordinary subroutine call.
3592
3593 No directory specified for -I
3594 (F) The -I command-line switch requires a directory name as part of
3595 the same argument. Use -Ilib, for instance. -I lib won't work.
3596
3597 No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line
3598 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3599 redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but
3600 can't find the name of the file to which to write data destined for
3601 stderr.
3602
3603 No group ending character '%c' found in template
3604 (F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its
3605 matching counterpart. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3606
3607 No input file after < on command line
3608 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3609 redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find
3610 the name of the file from which to read data for stdin.
3611
3612 No next::method '%s' found for %s
3613 (F) "next::method" found no further instances of this method name
3614 in the remaining packages of the MRO of this class. If you don't
3615 want it throwing an exception, use "maybe::next::method" or
3616 "next::can". See mro.
3617
3618 Non-finite repeat count does nothing
3619 (W numeric) You tried to execute the "x" repetition operator "Inf"
3620 (or "-Inf") or "NaN" times, which doesn't make sense.
3621
3622 Non-hex character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3623 (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-hexadecimal character
3624 where a hex one was expected, like
3625
3626 (?[ [ \xDG ] ])
3627 (?[ [ \x{DEKA} ] ])
3628
3629 Non-octal character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3630 (F) In a regular expression, there was a non-octal character where
3631 an octal one was expected, like
3632
3633 (?[ [ \o{1278} ] ])
3634
3635 Non-octal character '%c'. Resolved as "%s"
3636 (W digit) In parsing an octal numeric constant, a character was
3637 unexpectedly encountered that isn't octal. The resulting value is
3638 as indicated.
3639
3640 "no" not allowed in expression
3641 (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time,
3642 and returns no useful value. See perlmod.
3643
3644 Non-string passed as bitmask
3645 (W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to
3646 select(). Use the vec() function to construct the file descriptor
3647 bitmasks for select. See "select" in perlfunc.
3648
3649 No output file after > on command line
3650 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3651 redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line,
3652 so it doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout.
3653
3654 No output file after > or >> on command line
3655 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line
3656 redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but
3657 can't find the name of the file to which to write data destined for
3658 stdout.
3659
3660 No package name allowed for variable %s in "our"
3661 (F) Fully qualified variable names are not allowed in "our"
3662 declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under existing
3663 rules. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions.
3664
3665 No Perl script found in input
3666 (F) You called "perl -x", but no line was found in the file
3667 beginning with #! and containing the word "perl".
3668
3669 No setregid available
3670 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call
3671 for your system.
3672
3673 No setreuid available
3674 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call
3675 for your system.
3676
3677 No such class %s
3678 (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state"
3679 declaration, but this class doesn't exist at this point in your
3680 program.
3681
3682 No such class field "%s" in variable %s of type %s
3683 (F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated
3684 typed variable but that key is not allowed by the package of the
3685 same type. The indicated package has restricted the set of allowed
3686 keys using the fields pragma.
3687
3688 No such hook: %s
3689 (F) You specified a signal hook that was not recognized by Perl.
3690 Currently, Perl accepts "__DIE__" and "__WARN__" as valid signal
3691 hooks.
3692
3693 No such pipe open
3694 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose()
3695 tried to close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have
3696 been caught earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle.
3697
3698 No such signal: SIG%s
3699 (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that
3700 was not recognized. Say "kill -l" in your shell to see the valid
3701 signal names on your system.
3702
3703 Not a CODE reference
3704 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that
3705 is, a subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead.
3706 You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it
3707 really was. See also perlref.
3708
3709 Not a GLOB reference
3710 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that
3711 is, a symbol table entry that looks like *foo), but found a
3712 reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3713 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3714
3715 Not a HASH reference
3716 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but
3717 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3718 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3719
3720 '#' not allowed immediately following a sigil in a subroutine signature
3721 (F) In a subroutine signature definition, a comment following a
3722 sigil ("$", "@" or "%"), needs to be separated by whitespace or a
3723 commma etc., in particular to avoid confusion with the $# variable.
3724 For example:
3725
3726 # bad
3727 sub f ($# ignore first arg
3728 , $b) {}
3729 # good
3730 sub f ($, # ignore first arg
3731 $b) {}
3732
3733 Not an ARRAY reference
3734 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but
3735 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3736 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3737
3738 Not a SCALAR reference
3739 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but
3740 found a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref()
3741 function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See perlref.
3742
3743 Not a subroutine reference
3744 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that
3745 is, a subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead.
3746 You can use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it
3747 really was. See also perlref.
3748
3749 Not a subroutine reference in overload table
3750 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table
3751 that doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See overload.
3752
3753 Not enough arguments for %s
3754 (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified.
3755
3756 Not enough format arguments
3757 (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next
3758 line supplied. See perlform.
3759
3760 %s: not found
3761 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
3762 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
3763 into Perl yourself.
3764
3765 (?[...]) not valid in locale in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
3766 (F) "(?[...])" cannot be used within the scope of a "use locale" or
3767 with an "/l" regular expression modifier, as that would require
3768 deferring to run-time the calculation of what it should evaluate
3769 to, and it is regex compile-time only.
3770
3771 no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC
3772 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local
3773 timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is
3774 equivalent to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name
3775 SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL to translate to the number of seconds
3776 which need to be added to UTC to get local time.
3777
3778 NULL OP IN RUN
3779 (S debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode
3780 pointer.
3781
3782 Null picture in formline
3783 (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture
3784 specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you
3785 supplied it an uninitialized value. See perlform.
3786
3787 Null realloc
3788 (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL.
3789
3790 NULL regexp argument
3791 (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time.
3792
3793 NULL regexp parameter
3794 (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd.
3795
3796 Number too long
3797 (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs
3798 to about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future
3799 versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation.
3800 In the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead
3801 of "1_000_000").
3802
3803 Number with no digits
3804 (F) Perl was looking for a number but found nothing that looked
3805 like a number. This happens, for example with "\o{}", with no
3806 number between the braces.
3807
3808 Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable
3809 (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1
3810 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See
3811 perlport for more on portability concerns.
3812
3813 Odd name/value argument for subroutine '%s'
3814 (F) A subroutine using a slurpy hash parameter in its signature
3815 received an odd number of arguments to populate the hash. It
3816 requires the arguments to be paired, with the same number of keys
3817 as values. The caller of the subroutine is presumably at fault.
3818
3819 The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
3820 If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
3821 will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used.
3822
3823 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant
3824 (W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number
3825 of arguments. The arguments should come in pairs.
3826
3827 Odd number of elements in anonymous hash
3828 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a
3829 hash, which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
3830
3831 Odd number of elements in hash assignment
3832 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a
3833 hash, which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs.
3834
3835 Offset outside string
3836 (F)(W layer) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv/seek operation
3837 with an offset pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to
3838 imagine. The sole exceptions to this are that zero padding will
3839 take place when going past the end of the string when either
3840 "sysread()"ing a file, or when seeking past the end of a scalar
3841 opened for I/O (in anticipation of future reads and to imitate the
3842 behavior with real files).
3843
3844 %s() on unopened %s
3845 (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that
3846 was never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a
3847 socket() call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package.
3848
3849 -%s on unopened filehandle %s
3850 (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a
3851 filehandle that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also
3852 "-X" in perlfunc.
3853
3854 oops: oopsAV
3855 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
3856
3857 oops: oopsHV
3858 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up.
3859
3860 Opening dirhandle %s also as a file. This will be a fatal error in Perl
3861 5.28
3862 (D io, deprecated) You used open() to associate a filehandle to a
3863 symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a dirhandle. Although
3864 legal, this idiom might render your code confusing and this was
3865 deprecated in Perl 5.10. In Perl 5.28, this will be a fatal error.
3866
3867 Opening filehandle %s also as a directory. This will be a fatal error
3868 in Perl 5.28
3869 (D io, deprecated) You used opendir() to associate a dirhandle to a
3870 symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a filehandle. Although
3871 legal, this idiom might render your code confusing and this was
3872 deprecated in Perl 5.10. In Perl 5.28, this will be a fatal error.
3873
3874 Operand with no preceding operator in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
3875 m/%s/
3876 (F) You wrote something like
3877
3878 (?[ \p{Digit} \p{Thai} ])
3879
3880 There are two operands, but no operator giving how you want to
3881 combine them.
3882
3883 Operation "%s": no method found, %s
3884 (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for
3885 which no handler was defined. While some handlers can be
3886 autogenerated in terms of other handlers, there is no default
3887 handler for any operation, unless the "fallback" overloading key is
3888 specified to be true. See overload.
3889
3890 Operation "%s" returns its argument for non-Unicode code point 0x%X
3891 (S non_unicode) You performed an operation requiring Unicode rules
3892 on a code point that is not in Unicode, so what it should do is not
3893 defined. Perl has chosen to have it do nothing, and warn you.
3894
3895 If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive
3896 matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
3897
3898 If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by "no
3899 warnings 'non_unicode';".
3900
3901 Operation "%s" returns its argument for UTF-16 surrogate U+%X
3902 (S surrogate) You performed an operation requiring Unicode rules on
3903 a Unicode surrogate. Unicode frowns upon the use of surrogates for
3904 anything but storing strings in UTF-16, but rules are (reluctantly)
3905 defined for the surrogates, and they are to do nothing for this
3906 operation. Because the use of surrogates can be dangerous, Perl
3907 warns.
3908
3909 If the operation shown is "ToFold", it means that case-insensitive
3910 matching in a regular expression was done on the code point.
3911
3912 If you know what you are doing you can turn off this warning by "no
3913 warnings 'surrogate';".
3914
3915 Operator or semicolon missing before %s
3916 (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the
3917 parser was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you
3918 really meant to use an operator, but this is highly likely to be
3919 incorrect. For example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be
3920 interpreted as if you said "*foo * 'foo'".
3921
3922 Optional parameter lacks default expression
3923 (F) In a subroutine signature, you wrote something like "$a =",
3924 making a named optional parameter without a default value. A
3925 nameless optional parameter is permitted to have no default value,
3926 but a named one must have a specific default. You probably want
3927 "$a = undef".
3928
3929 "our" variable %s redeclared
3930 (W misc) You seem to have already declared the same global once
3931 before in the current lexical scope.
3932
3933 Out of memory!
3934 (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
3935 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
3936 request. Perl has no option but to exit immediately.
3937
3938 At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing
3939 your process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use "limit" and "limit
3940 datasize n" (where "n" is the number of kilobytes) to check the
3941 current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use "ulimit -a"
3942 and "ulimit -d n", respectively.
3943
3944 Out of memory during %s extend
3945 (X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string
3946 beyond the largest possible memory allocation.
3947
3948 Out of memory during "large" request for %s
3949 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
3950 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
3951 request. However, the request was judged large enough (compile-
3952 time default is 64K), so a possibility to shut down by trapping
3953 this error is granted.
3954
3955 Out of memory during request for %s
3956 (X)(F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was
3957 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the
3958 request.
3959
3960 The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it
3961 depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not
3962 trappable. However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the
3963 contents of $^M as an emergency pool after die()ing with this
3964 message. In this case the error is trappable once, and the error
3965 message will include the line and file where the failed request
3966 happened.
3967
3968 Out of memory during ridiculously large request
3969 (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This
3970 error is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program.
3971 e.g., $arr[time] instead of $arr[$time].
3972
3973 Out of memory for yacc stack
3974 (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue
3975 parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or
3976 otherwise.
3977
3978 '.' outside of string in pack
3979 (F) The argument to a '.' in your template tried to move the
3980 working position to before the start of the packed string being
3981 built.
3982
3983 '@' outside of string in unpack
3984 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
3985 the string being unpacked. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3986
3987 '@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack
3988 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside
3989 the string being unpacked. The string being unpacked was also
3990 invalid UTF-8. See "pack" in perlfunc.
3991
3992 overload arg '%s' is invalid
3993 (W overload) The overload pragma was passed an argument it did not
3994 recognize. Did you mistype an operator?
3995
3996 Overloaded dereference did not return a reference
3997 (F) An object with an overloaded dereference operator was
3998 dereferenced, but the overloaded operation did not return a
3999 reference. See overload.
4000
4001 Overloaded qr did not return a REGEXP
4002 (F) An object with a "qr" overload was used as part of a match, but
4003 the overloaded operation didn't return a compiled regexp. See
4004 overload.
4005
4006 %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s
4007 (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a
4008 package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl
4009 itself some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should
4010 use a mixed-case attribute name, instead. See attributes.
4011
4012 pack/unpack repeat count overflow
4013 (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows
4014 your signed integers. See "pack" in perlfunc.
4015
4016 page overflow
4017 (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on
4018 a page. See perlform.
4019
4020 panic: %s
4021 (P) An internal error.
4022
4023 panic: attempt to call %s in %s
4024 (P) One of the file test operators entered a code branch that calls
4025 an ACL related-function, but that function is not available on this
4026 platform. Earlier checks mean that it should not be possible to
4027 enter this branch on this platform.
4028
4029 panic: child pseudo-process was never scheduled
4030 (P) A child pseudo-process in the ithreads implementation on
4031 Windows was not scheduled within the time period allowed and
4032 therefore was not able to initialize properly.
4033
4034 panic: ck_grep, type=%u
4035 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep.
4036
4037 panic: corrupt saved stack index %ld
4038 (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values
4039 than there are in the savestack.
4040
4041 panic: del_backref
4042 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a
4043 weak reference.
4044
4045 panic: do_subst
4046 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid
4047 operational data.
4048
4049 panic: do_trans_%s
4050 (P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid
4051 operational data.
4052
4053 panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d
4054 (P) While attempting folding constants an exception other than an
4055 "eval" failure was caught.
4056
4057 panic: frexp: %f
4058 (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f")
4059 impossible.
4060
4061 panic: goto, type=%u, ix=%ld
4062 (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified
4063 label, and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a
4064 goto in.
4065
4066 panic: gp_free failed to free glob pointer
4067 (P) The internal routine used to clear a typeglob's entries tried
4068 repeatedly, but each time something re-created entries in the glob.
4069 Most likely the glob contains an object with a reference back to
4070 the glob and a destructor that adds a new object to the glob.
4071
4072 panic: INTERPCASEMOD, %s
4073 (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier.
4074
4075 panic: INTERPCONCAT, %s
4076 (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets.
4077
4078 panic: kid popen errno read
4079 (F) A forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its
4080 errno.
4081
4082 panic: last, type=%u
4083 (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then
4084 discovered it wasn't a block context.
4085
4086 panic: leave_scope clearsv
4087 (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the
4088 scope.
4089
4090 panic: leave_scope inconsistency %u
4091 (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an
4092 invalid enum on the top of it.
4093
4094 panic: magic_killbackrefs
4095 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all
4096 weak references to an object.
4097
4098 panic: malloc, %s
4099 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc.
4100
4101 panic: memory wrap
4102 (P) Something tried to allocate either more memory than possible or
4103 a negative amount.
4104
4105 panic: pad_alloc, %p!=%p
4106 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4107 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4108
4109 panic: pad_free curpad, %p!=%p
4110 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4111 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4112
4113 panic: pad_free po
4114 (P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally. An attempt
4115 was made to free a target that had not been allocated to begin
4116 with.
4117
4118 panic: pad_reset curpad, %p!=%p
4119 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4120 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4121
4122 panic: pad_sv po
4123 (P) A zero scratch pad offset was detected internally. Most likely
4124 an operator needed a target but that target had not been allocated
4125 for whatever reason.
4126
4127 panic: pad_swipe curpad, %p!=%p
4128 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was
4129 allocating and freeing temporaries and lexicals from.
4130
4131 panic: pad_swipe po
4132 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally.
4133
4134 panic: pp_iter, type=%u
4135 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame.
4136
4137 panic: pp_match%s
4138 (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid
4139 operational data.
4140
4141 panic: realloc, %s
4142 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc.
4143
4144 panic: reference miscount on nsv in sv_replace() (%d != 1)
4145 (P) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with a
4146 reference count other than 1.
4147
4148 panic: restartop in %s
4149 (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it),
4150 and didn't supply the destination.
4151
4152 panic: return, type=%u
4153 (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context,
4154 and then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context.
4155
4156 panic: scan_num, %s
4157 (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number.
4158
4159 panic: Sequence (?{...}): no code block found in regex m/%s/
4160 (P) While compiling a pattern that has embedded (?{}) or (??{})
4161 code blocks, perl couldn't locate the code block that should have
4162 already been seen and compiled by perl before control passed to the
4163 regex compiler.
4164
4165 panic: strxfrm() gets absurd - a => %u, ab => %u
4166 (P) The interpreter's sanity check of the C function strxfrm()
4167 failed. In your current locale the returned transformation of the
4168 string "ab" is shorter than that of the string "a", which makes no
4169 sense.
4170
4171 panic: sv_chop %s
4172 (P) The sv_chop() routine was passed a position that is not within
4173 the scalar's string buffer.
4174
4175 panic: sv_insert, midend=%p, bigend=%p
4176 (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than
4177 there was string.
4178
4179 panic: top_env
4180 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like
4181 that.
4182
4183 panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called
4184 (P) The compiler is screwed up and attempted to use an op that
4185 isn't permitted at run time.
4186
4187 panic: unknown OA_*: %x
4188 (P) The internal routine that handles arguments to "&CORE::foo()"
4189 subroutine calls was unable to determine what type of arguments
4190 were expected.
4191
4192 panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen
4193 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed
4194 to even) byte length.
4195
4196 panic: utf16_to_utf8_reversed: odd bytelen
4197 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8_reversed with an odd (as
4198 opposed to even) byte length.
4199
4200 panic: yylex, %s
4201 (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case
4202 modifier.
4203
4204 Parentheses missing around "%s" list
4205 (W parenthesis) You said something like
4206
4207 my $foo, $bar = @_;
4208
4209 when you meant
4210
4211 my ($foo, $bar) = @_;
4212
4213 Remember that "my", "our", "local" and "state" bind tighter than
4214 comma.
4215
4216 Parsing code internal error (%s)
4217 (F) Parsing code supplied by an extension violated the parser's API
4218 in a detectable way.
4219
4220 Pattern subroutine nesting without pos change exceeded limit in regex
4221 (F) You used a pattern that uses too many nested subpattern calls
4222 without consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so text is
4223 consumed before the nesting limit is exceeded.
4224
4225 "-p" destination: %s
4226 (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the
4227 "-p" command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless
4228 you've redirected it with select().)
4229
4230 Perl API version %s of %s does not match %s
4231 (F) The XS module in question was compiled against a different
4232 incompatible version of Perl than the one that has loaded the XS
4233 module.
4234
4235 Perl folding rules are not up-to-date for 0x%X; please use the perlbug
4236 utility to report; in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4237 (S regexp) You used a regular expression with case-insensitive
4238 matching, and there is a bug in Perl in which the built-in regular
4239 expression folding rules are not accurate. This may lead to
4240 incorrect results. Please report this as a bug using the perlbug
4241 utility.
4242
4243 PerlIO layer ':win32' is experimental
4244 (S experimental::win32_perlio) The ":win32" PerlIO layer is
4245 experimental. If you want to take the risk of using this layer,
4246 simply disable this warning:
4247
4248 no warnings "experimental::win32_perlio";
4249
4250 Perl_my_%s() not available
4251 (F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size, so
4252 it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order
4253 conversion functions. This is only a problem when you're using the
4254 '<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates. See "pack" in
4255 perlfunc.
4256
4257 Perl %s required (did you mean %s?)--this is only %s, stopped
4258 (F) The code you are trying to run has asked for a newer version of
4259 Perl than you are running. Perhaps "use 5.10" was written instead
4260 of "use 5.010" or "use v5.10". Without the leading "v", the number
4261 is interpreted as a decimal, with every three digits after the
4262 decimal point representing a part of the version number. So 5.10
4263 is equivalent to v5.100.
4264
4265 Perl %s required--this is only %s, stopped
4266 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more
4267 recent than the currently running version. How long has it been
4268 since you upgraded, anyway? See "require" in perlfunc.
4269
4270 PERL_SH_DIR too long
4271 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to
4272 find the "sh"-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in perlos2.
4273
4274 PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s"
4275 (X) See "PERL_SIGNALS" in perlrun for legal values.
4276
4277 Perls since %s too modern--this is %s, stopped
4278 (F) The code you are trying to run claims it will not run on the
4279 version of Perl you are using because it is too new. Maybe the
4280 code needs to be updated, or maybe it is simply wrong and the
4281 version check should just be removed.
4282
4283 perl: warning: Non hex character in '$ENV{PERL_HASH_SEED}', seed only
4284 partially set
4285 (S) PERL_HASH_SEED should match /^\s*(?:0x)?[0-9a-fA-F]+\s*\z/ but
4286 it contained a non hex character. This could mean you are not
4287 using the hash seed you think you are.
4288
4289 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
4290 (S) The whole warning message will look something like:
4291
4292 perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
4293 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
4294 LC_ALL = "En_US",
4295 LANG = (unset)
4296 are supported and installed on your system.
4297 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").
4298
4299 Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above
4300 the settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no
4301 value. This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your
4302 operating system supplier and/or system administrator have set up
4303 the so-called locale system but Perl could not use those settings.
4304 This was not dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default locale"
4305 called "C" that Perl can and will use, and the script will be run.
4306 Before you really fix the problem, however, you will get the same
4307 error message each time you run Perl. How to really fix the
4308 problem can be found in perllocale section LOCALE PROBLEMS.
4309
4310 perl: warning: strange setting in '$ENV{PERL_PERTURB_KEYS}': '%s'
4311 (S) Perl was run with the environment variable PERL_PERTURB_KEYS
4312 defined but containing an unexpected value. The legal values of
4313 this setting are as follows.
4314
4315 Numeric | String | Result
4316 --------+---------------+-----------------------------------------
4317 0 | NO | Disables key traversal randomization
4318 1 | RANDOM | Enables full key traversal randomization
4319 2 | DETERMINISTIC | Enables repeatable key traversal
4320 | | randomization
4321
4322 Both numeric and string values are accepted, but note that string
4323 values are case sensitive. The default for this setting is
4324 "RANDOM" or 1.
4325
4326 pid %x not a child
4327 (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait
4328 for a process which isn't a subprocess of the current process.
4329 While this is fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what
4330 you intended.
4331
4332 'P' must have an explicit size in unpack
4333 (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*".
4334
4335 POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4336 (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The
4337 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
4338 was discovered. Note that the POSIX character classes do not have
4339 the "is" prefix the corresponding C interfaces have: in other
4340 words, it's "[[:print:]]", not "isprint". See perlre.
4341
4342 POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument
4343 (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument,
4344 unlike the BSD version, which takes a pid.
4345
4346 POSIX syntax [%c %c] belongs inside character classes%s in regex;
4347 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4348 (W regexp) Perl thinks that you intended to write a POSIX character
4349 class, but didn't use enough brackets. These POSIX class
4350 constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go inside character classes,
4351 the [] are part of the construct, for example:
4352 "qr/[012[:alpha:]345]/". What the regular expression pattern
4353 compiled to is probably not what you were intending. For example,
4354 "qr/[:alpha:]/" compiles to a regular bracketed character class
4355 consisting of the four characters ":", "a", "l", "h", and "p".
4356 To specify the POSIX class, it should have been written
4357 "qr/[[:alpha:]]/".
4358
4359 Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently implemented; they are
4360 simply placeholders for future extensions and will cause fatal
4361 errors. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression
4362 the problem was discovered. See perlre.
4363
4364 If the specification of the class was not completely valid, the
4365 message indicates that.
4366
4367 POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked
4368 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4369 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
4370 beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future
4371 extensions. If you need to represent those character sequences
4372 inside a regular expression character class, just quote the square
4373 brackets with the backslash: "\[." and ".\]". The <-- HERE shows
4374 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4375 See perlre.
4376
4377 POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked
4378 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4379 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax
4380 beginning with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future
4381 extensions. If you need to represent those character sequences
4382 inside a regular expression character class, just quote the square
4383 brackets with the backslash: "\[=" and "=\]". The <-- HERE shows
4384 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4385 See perlre.
4386
4387 Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list
4388 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with
4389 literal strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are
4390 instead treated as literal data. (You may have used different
4391 delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also
4392 frequently used.)
4393
4394 You probably wrote something like this:
4395
4396 @list = qw(
4397 a # a comment
4398 b # another comment
4399 );
4400
4401 when you should have written this:
4402
4403 @list = qw(
4404 a
4405 b
4406 );
4407
4408 If you really want comments, build your list the old-fashioned way,
4409 with quotes and commas:
4410
4411 @list = (
4412 'a', # a comment
4413 'b', # another comment
4414 );
4415
4416 Possible attempt to separate words with commas
4417 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore
4418 commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used
4419 different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are
4420 also frequently used.)
4421
4422 You probably wrote something like this:
4423
4424 qw! a, b, c !;
4425
4426 which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it
4427 without commas if you don't want them to appear in your data:
4428
4429 qw! a b c !;
4430
4431 Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument
4432 (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining
4433 for. Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel
4434 byte at the end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got
4435 clobbered, and Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See
4436 "ioctl" in perlfunc.
4437
4438 Possible precedence issue with control flow operator
4439 (W syntax) There is a possible problem with the mixing of a control
4440 flow operator (e.g. "return") and a low-precedence operator like
4441 "or". Consider:
4442
4443 sub { return $a or $b; }
4444
4445 This is parsed as:
4446
4447 sub { (return $a) or $b; }
4448
4449 Which is effectively just:
4450
4451 sub { return $a; }
4452
4453 Either use parentheses or the high-precedence variant of the
4454 operator.
4455
4456 Note this may be also triggered for constructs like:
4457
4458 sub { 1 if die; }
4459
4460 Possible precedence problem on bitwise %s operator
4461 (W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in
4462 conjunction with a numeric comparison operator, like this :
4463
4464 if ($x & $y == 0) { ... }
4465
4466 This expression is actually equivalent to "$x & ($y == 0)", due to
4467 the higher precedence of "==". This is probably not what you want.
4468 (If you really meant to write this, disable the warning, or,
4469 better, put the parentheses explicitly and write "$x & ($y == 0)").
4470
4471 Possible unintended interpolation of $\ in regex
4472 (W ambiguous) You said something like "m/$\/" in a regex. The
4473 regex "m/foo$\s+bar/m" translates to: match the word 'foo', the
4474 output record separator (see "$\" in perlvar) and the letter 's'
4475 (one time or more) followed by the word 'bar'.
4476
4477 If this is what you intended then you can silence the warning by
4478 using "m/${\}/" (for example: "m/foo${\}s+bar/").
4479
4480 If instead you intended to match the word 'foo' at the end of the
4481 line followed by whitespace and the word 'bar' on the next line
4482 then you can use "m/$(?)\/" (for example: "m/foo$(?)\s+bar/").
4483
4484 Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string
4485 (W ambiguous) You said something like '@foo' in a double-quoted
4486 string but there was no array @foo in scope at the time. If you
4487 wanted a literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out
4488 what happened to the array you apparently lost track of.
4489
4490 Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s)
4491 (S precedence) The old irregular construct
4492
4493 open FOO || die;
4494
4495 is now misinterpreted as
4496
4497 open(FOO || die);
4498
4499 because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary
4500 and list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must
4501 put parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator
4502 instead of "||".
4503
4504 Premature end of script headers
4505 See "500 Server error".
4506
4507 printf() on closed filehandle %s
4508 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
4509 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
4510
4511 print() on closed filehandle %s
4512 (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed
4513 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
4514
4515 Process terminated by SIG%s
4516 (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while
4517 *nix applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of
4518 the OS/2 port. One can easily disable this by appropriate
4519 sighandlers, see "Signals" in perlipc. See also "Process
4520 terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT" in perlos2.
4521
4522 Prototype after '%c' for %s : %s
4523 (W illegalproto) A character follows % or @ in a prototype. This
4524 is useless, since % and @ gobble the rest of the subroutine
4525 arguments.
4526
4527 Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s
4528 (S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had
4529 previously been declared or defined with a different function
4530 prototype.
4531
4532 Prototype not terminated
4533 (F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype
4534 definition.
4535
4536 Prototype '%s' overridden by attribute 'prototype(%s)' in %s
4537 (W prototype) A prototype was declared in both the parentheses
4538 after the sub name and via the prototype attribute. The prototype
4539 in parentheses is useless, since it will be replaced by the
4540 prototype from the attribute before it's ever used.
4541
4542 Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4543 (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash
4544 it if you meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in
4545 the regular expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
4546
4547 Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4548 (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max
4549 values of the {min,max} construct. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
4550 in the regular expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
4551
4552 Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex
4553 Quantifier {n,m} with n > m can't match in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
4554 m/%s/
4555 (W regexp) Minima should be less than or equal to maxima. If you
4556 really want your regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}.
4557
4558 Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression in regex m/%s/
4559 (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place
4560 where it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try
4561 putting the quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example,
4562 the way to match "abc" provided that it is followed by three
4563 repetitions of "xyz" is "/abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/", not
4564 "/abc(?=xyz){3}/".
4565
4566 Range iterator outside integer range
4567 (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator
4568 ".." are outside the range which can be represented by integers
4569 internally. One possible workaround is to force Perl to use
4570 magical string increment by prepending "0" to your numbers.
4571
4572 Ranges of ASCII printables should be some subset of "0-9", "A-Z", or
4573 "a-z" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4574 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
4575
4576 Stricter rules help to find typos and other errors. Perhaps you
4577 didn't even intend a range here, if the "-" was meant to be some
4578 other character, or should have been escaped (like "\-"). If you
4579 did intend a range, the one that was used is not portable between
4580 ASCII and EBCDIC platforms, and doesn't have an obvious meaning to
4581 a casual reader.
4582
4583 [3-7] # OK; Obvious and portable
4584 [d-g] # OK; Obvious and portable
4585 [A-Y] # OK; Obvious and portable
4586 [A-z] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4587 [a-Z] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4588 [%-.] # WRONG; Not portable; not clear what is meant
4589 [\x41-Z] # WRONG; Not portable; not obvious to non-geek
4590
4591 (You can force portability by specifying a Unicode range, which
4592 means that the endpoints are specified by "\N{...}", but the
4593 meaning may still not be obvious.) The stricter rules require that
4594 ranges that start or stop with an ASCII character that is not a
4595 control have all their endpoints be the literal character, and not
4596 some escape sequence (like "\x41"), and the ranges must be all
4597 digits, or all uppercase letters, or all lowercase letters.
4598
4599 Ranges of digits should be from the same group in regex; marked by
4600 <-- HERE in m/%s/
4601 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'" or within "(?[...])")
4602
4603 Stricter rules help to find typos and other errors. You included a
4604 range, and at least one of the end points is a decimal digit.
4605 Under the stricter rules, when this happens, both end points should
4606 be digits in the same group of 10 consecutive digits.
4607
4608 readdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4609 (W io) The dirhandle you're reading from is either closed or not
4610 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4611
4612 readline() on closed filehandle %s
4613 (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed
4614 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
4615
4616 read() on closed filehandle %s
4617 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
4618
4619 read() on unopened filehandle %s
4620 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never
4621 opened.
4622
4623 Reallocation too large: %x
4624 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine.
4625
4626 realloc() of freed memory ignored
4627 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that
4628 had already been freed.
4629
4630 Recompile perl with -DDEBUGGING to use -D switch
4631 (S debugging) You can't use the -D option unless the code to
4632 produce the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails
4633 some overhead, which is why it's currently left out of your copy.
4634
4635 Recursive call to Perl_load_module in PerlIO_find_layer
4636 (P) It is currently not permitted to load modules when creating a
4637 filehandle inside an %INC hook. This can happen with "open my $fh,
4638 '<', \$scalar", which implicitly loads PerlIO::scalar. Try loading
4639 PerlIO::scalar explicitly first.
4640
4641 Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s'
4642 (F) While calculating the method resolution order (MRO) of a
4643 package, Perl believes it found an infinite loop in the @ISA
4644 hierarchy. This is a crude check that bails out after 100 levels
4645 of @ISA depth.
4646
4647 Redundant argument in %s
4648 (W redundant) You called a function with more arguments than other
4649 arguments you supplied indicated would be needed. Currently only
4650 emitted when a printf-type format required fewer arguments than
4651 were supplied, but might be used in the future for e.g. "pack" in
4652 perlfunc.
4653
4654 refcnt_dec: fd %d%s
4655 refcnt: fd %d%s
4656 refcnt_inc: fd %d%s
4657 (P) Perl's I/O implementation failed an internal consistency check.
4658 If you see this message, something is very wrong.
4659
4660 Reference found where even-sized list expected
4661 (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a
4662 list with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash).
4663 This usually means that you used the anon hash constructor when you
4664 meant to use parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value pairs.
4665
4666 %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG
4667 %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG
4668 %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right
4669 %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine
4670
4671 Reference is already weak
4672 (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already
4673 weak. Doing so has no effect.
4674
4675 Reference to invalid group 0 in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4676 (F) You used "\g0" or similar in a regular expression. You may
4677 refer to capturing parentheses only with strictly positive integers
4678 (normal backreferences) or with strictly negative integers
4679 (relative backreferences). Using 0 does not make sense.
4680
4681 Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4682 (F) You used something like "\7" in your regular expression, but
4683 there are not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the
4684 expression. If you wanted to have the character with ordinal 7
4685 inserted into the regular expression, prepend zeroes to make it
4686 three digits long: "\007"
4687
4688 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4689 problem was discovered.
4690
4691 Reference to nonexistent named group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
4692 m/%s/
4693 (F) You used something like "\k'NAME'" or "\k<NAME>" in your
4694 regular expression, but there is no corresponding named capturing
4695 parentheses such as "(?'NAME'...)" or "(?<NAME>...)". Check if the
4696 name has been spelled correctly both in the backreference and the
4697 declaration.
4698
4699 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4700 problem was discovered.
4701
4702 Reference to nonexistent or unclosed group in regex; marked by <-- HERE
4703 in m/%s/
4704 (F) You used something like "\g{-7}" in your regular expression,
4705 but there are not at least seven sets of closed capturing
4706 parentheses in the expression before where the "\g{-7}" was
4707 located.
4708
4709 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4710 problem was discovered.
4711
4712 regexp memory corruption
4713 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular
4714 expression compiler gave it.
4715
4716 Regexp modifier "/%c" may appear a maximum of twice
4717 Regexp modifier "%c" may appear a maximum of twice in regex; marked by
4718 <-- HERE in m/%s/
4719 (F) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences of the
4720 specified modifier. Remove the extraneous ones.
4721
4722 Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear after the "-" in regex; marked by
4723 <-- HERE in m/%s/
4724 (F) Turning off the given modifier has the side effect of turning
4725 on another one. Perl currently doesn't allow this. Reword the
4726 regular expression to use the modifier you want to turn on (and
4727 place it before the minus), instead of the one you want to turn
4728 off.
4729
4730 Regexp modifier "/%c" may not appear twice
4731 Regexp modifier "%c" may not appear twice in regex; marked by <-- HERE
4732 in m/%s/
4733 (F) The regular expression pattern had too many occurrences of the
4734 specified modifier. Remove the extraneous ones.
4735
4736 Regexp modifiers "/%c" and "/%c" are mutually exclusive
4737 Regexp modifiers "%c" and "%c" are mutually exclusive in regex; marked
4738 by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4739 (F) The regular expression pattern had more than one of these
4740 mutually exclusive modifiers. Retain only the modifier that is
4741 supposed to be there.
4742
4743 Regexp out of space in regex m/%s/
4744 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught
4745 it earlier.
4746
4747 Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @#)
4748 (F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a
4749 numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never
4750 terminates. You might use ^# instead. See perlform.
4751
4752 Replacement list is longer than search list
4753 (W misc) You have used a replacement list that is longer than the
4754 search list. So the additional elements in the replacement list
4755 are meaningless.
4756
4757 '%s' resolved to '\o{%s}%d'
4758 (W misc, regexp) You wrote something like "\08", or "\179" in a
4759 double-quotish string. All but the last digit is treated as a
4760 single character, specified in octal. The last digit is the next
4761 character in the string. To tell Perl that this is indeed what you
4762 want, you can use the "\o{ }" syntax, or use exactly three digits
4763 to specify the octal for the character.
4764
4765 Reversed %s= operator
4766 (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The =
4767 must always come last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary
4768 operators.
4769
4770 rewinddir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4771 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to do a rewinddir() on is either
4772 closed or not really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4773
4774 Scalars leaked: %d
4775 (S internal) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of
4776 scalars: not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl
4777 exited. What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of
4778 course bad, especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-
4779 running.
4780
4781 Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s]
4782 (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a
4783 single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a
4784 scalar value (indicated by $). The difference is that $foo[&bar]
4785 always behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when
4786 evaluating its argument, while @foo[&bar] behaves like a list when
4787 you assign to it, and provides a list context to its subscript,
4788 which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
4789
4790 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array
4791 element as a list, you need to look into how references work,
4792 because Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists
4793 for you. See perlref.
4794
4795 Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}
4796 (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a
4797 single element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a
4798 scalar value (indicated by $). The difference is that $foo{&bar}
4799 always behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when
4800 evaluating its argument, while @foo{&bar} behaves like a list when
4801 you assign to it, and provides a list context to its subscript,
4802 which can do weird things if you're expecting only one subscript.
4803
4804 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash
4805 element as a list, you need to look into how references work,
4806 because Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists
4807 for you. See perlref.
4808
4809 Search pattern not terminated
4810 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{}
4811 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
4812 level. Missing the leading "$" from a variable $m may cause this
4813 error.
4814
4815 Note that since Perl 5.10.0 a // can also be the defined-or
4816 construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code
4817 written in Perl 5.10.0 or later that uses the // as the defined-or
4818 can be misparsed by pre-5.10.0 Perls as a non-terminated search
4819 pattern.
4820
4821 seekdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
4822 (W io) The dirhandle you are doing a seekdir() on is either closed
4823 or not really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
4824
4825 %sseek() on unopened filehandle
4826 (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a
4827 filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed.
4828
4829 select not implemented
4830 (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call.
4831
4832 Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported
4833 (F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in the
4834 current implementation.
4835
4836 Semicolon seems to be missing
4837 (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a
4838 missing semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as
4839 a comma.
4840
4841 semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string
4842 (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate
4843 a scalar that had previously been marked as free.
4844
4845 sem%s not implemented
4846 (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system.
4847
4848 send() on closed socket %s
4849 (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime
4850 before now. Check your control flow.
4851
4852 Sequence "\c{" invalid
4853 (F) These three characters may not appear in sequence in a double-
4854 quotish context. This message is raised only on non-ASCII
4855 platforms (a different error message is output on ASCII ones). If
4856 you were intending to specify a control character with this
4857 sequence, you'll have to use a different way to specify it.
4858
4859 Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4860 (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?.
4861 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
4862 problem was discovered. See perlre.
4863
4864 Sequence (?%c...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4865 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character
4866 reserved but has not yet been written. The <-- HERE shows
4867 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4868 See perlre.
4869
4870 Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4871 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make
4872 sense. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression
4873 the problem was discovered. This may happen when using the
4874 "(?^...)" construct to tell Perl to use the default regular
4875 expression modifiers, and you redundantly specify a default
4876 modifier. For other causes, see perlre.
4877
4878 Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex m/%s/
4879 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing
4880 parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. See perlre.
4881
4882 Sequence (?&... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4883 (F) A named reference of the form "(?&...)" was missing the final
4884 closing parenthesis after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
4885 in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4886
4887 Sequence (?%c... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4888 (F) A named group of the form "(?'...')" or "(?<...>)" was missing
4889 the final closing quote or angle bracket. The <-- HERE shows
4890 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4891
4892 Sequence (?(%c... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4893 (F) A named reference of the form "(?('...')...)" or
4894 "(?(<...>)...)" was missing the final closing quote or angle
4895 bracket after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the
4896 regular expression the problem was discovered.
4897
4898 Sequence (?... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4899 (F) There was no matching closing parenthesis for the '('. The
4900 <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the problem
4901 was discovered.
4902
4903 Sequence \%s... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4904 (F) The regular expression expects a mandatory argument following
4905 the escape sequence and this has been omitted or incorrectly
4906 written.
4907
4908 Sequence (?{...}) not terminated with ')'
4909 (F) The end of the perl code contained within the {...} must be
4910 followed immediately by a ')'.
4911
4912 Sequence (?P>... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4913 (F) A named reference of the form "(?P>...)" was missing the final
4914 closing parenthesis after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
4915 in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4916
4917 Sequence (?P<... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4918 (F) A named group of the form "(?P<...>')" was missing the final
4919 closing angle bracket. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the
4920 regular expression the problem was discovered.
4921
4922 Sequence ?P=... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
4923 (F) A named reference of the form "(?P=...)" was missing the final
4924 closing parenthesis after the name. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
4925 in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
4926
4927 Sequence (?R) not terminated in regex m/%s/
4928 (F) An "(?R)" or "(?0)" sequence in a regular expression was
4929 missing the final parenthesis.
4930
4931 500 Server error
4932 (A) This is the error message generally seen in a browser window
4933 when trying to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The
4934 actual error text varies widely from server to server. The most
4935 frequently-seen variants are "500 Server error", "Method
4936 (something) not permitted", "Document contains no data", "Premature
4937 end of script headers", and "Did not produce a valid header".
4938
4939 This is a CGI error, not a Perl error.
4940
4941 You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by
4942 the user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the
4943 user account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment
4944 variables (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and
4945 isn't in a location where the CGI server can't find it, basically,
4946 more or less. Please see the following for more information:
4947
4948 http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html
4949 http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html
4950 http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/
4951
4952 You should also look at perlfaq9.
4953
4954 setegid() not implemented
4955 (F) You tried to assign to $), and your operating system doesn't
4956 support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
4957 Configure didn't think so.
4958
4959 seteuid() not implemented
4960 (F) You tried to assign to $>, and your operating system doesn't
4961 support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
4962 Configure didn't think so.
4963
4964 setpgrp can't take arguments
4965 (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no
4966 arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and
4967 process group ID.
4968
4969 setrgid() not implemented
4970 (F) You tried to assign to $(, and your operating system doesn't
4971 support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
4972 Configure didn't think so.
4973
4974 setruid() not implemented
4975 (F) You tried to assign to $<, and your operating system doesn't
4976 support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least
4977 Configure didn't think so.
4978
4979 setsockopt() on closed socket %s
4980 (W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket.
4981 Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call?
4982 See "setsockopt" in perlfunc.
4983
4984 Setting $/ to a reference to %s as a form of slurp is deprecated,
4985 treating as undef. This will be fatal in Perl 5.28
4986 (D deprecated) You assigned a reference to a scalar to $/ where the
4987 referenced item is not a positive integer. In older perls this
4988 appeared to work the same as setting it to "undef" but was in fact
4989 internally different, less efficient and with very bad luck could
4990 have resulted in your file being split by a stringified form of the
4991 reference.
4992
4993 In Perl 5.20.0 this was changed so that it would be exactly the
4994 same as setting $/ to undef, with the exception that this warning
4995 would be thrown.
4996
4997 You are recommended to change your code to set $/ to "undef"
4998 explicitly if you wish to slurp the file. In Perl 5.28 assigning
4999 $/ to a reference to an integer which isn't positive will throw a
5000 fatal error.
5001
5002 Setting $/ to %s reference is forbidden
5003 (F) You tried to assign a reference to a non integer to $/. In
5004 older Perls this would have behaved similarly to setting it to a
5005 reference to a positive integer, where the integer was the address
5006 of the reference. As of Perl 5.20.0 this is a fatal error, to
5007 allow future versions of Perl to use non-integer refs for more
5008 interesting purposes.
5009
5010 shm%s not implemented
5011 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system.
5012
5013 !=~ should be !~
5014 (W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~. !=~ will be
5015 interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement)
5016 operators: probably not what you intended.
5017
5018 /%s/ should probably be written as "%s"
5019 (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a
5020 string, as in the first argument to "join". Perl will treat the
5021 true or false result of matching the pattern against $_ as the
5022 string, which is probably not what you had in mind.
5023
5024 shutdown() on closed socket %s
5025 (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a
5026 bit superfluous.
5027
5028 SIG%s handler "%s" not defined
5029 (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact,
5030 exist. Perhaps you put it into the wrong package?
5031
5032 Slab leaked from cv %p
5033 (S) If you see this message, then something is seriously wrong with
5034 the internal bookkeeping of op trees. An op tree needed to be
5035 freed after a compilation error, but could not be found, so it was
5036 leaked instead.
5037
5038 sleep(%u) too large
5039 (W overflow) You called "sleep" with a number that was larger than
5040 it can reliably handle and "sleep" probably slept for less time
5041 than requested.
5042
5043 Slurpy parameter not last
5044 (F) In a subroutine signature, you put something after a slurpy
5045 (array or hash) parameter. The slurpy parameter takes all the
5046 available arguments, so there can't be any left to fill later
5047 parameters.
5048
5049 Smart matching a non-overloaded object breaks encapsulation
5050 (F) You should not use the "~~" operator on an object that does not
5051 overload it: Perl refuses to use the object's underlying structure
5052 for the smart match.
5053
5054 Smartmatch is experimental
5055 (S experimental::smartmatch) This warning is emitted if you use the
5056 smartmatch ("~~") operator. This is currently an experimental
5057 feature, and its details are subject to change in future releases
5058 of Perl. Particularly, its current behavior is noticed for being
5059 unnecessarily complex and unintuitive, and is very likely to be
5060 overhauled.
5061
5062 sort is now a reserved word
5063 (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into
5064 anymore. But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it
5065 as a filehandle.
5066
5067 Source filters apply only to byte streams
5068 (F) You tried to activate a source filter (usually by loading a
5069 source filter module) within a string passed to "eval". This is
5070 not permitted under the "unicode_eval" feature. Consider using
5071 "evalbytes" instead. See feature.
5072
5073 splice() offset past end of array
5074 (W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end
5075 of the array passed to splice(). Splicing will instead commence at
5076 the end of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you
5077 want, try explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array =
5078 $offset. See "splice" in perlfunc.
5079
5080 Split loop
5081 (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split
5082 shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input,
5083 which is what happened.) See "split" in perlfunc.
5084
5085 Statement unlikely to be reached
5086 (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than
5087 a die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never
5088 returns unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use
5089 system() instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put
5090 the exec() in a block by itself.
5091
5092 "state" subroutine %s can't be in a package
5093 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines aren't in a package, so it doesn't
5094 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
5095 front.
5096
5097 "state %s" used in sort comparison
5098 (W syntax) The package variables $a and $b are used for sort
5099 comparisons. You used $a or $b in as an operand to the "<=>" or
5100 "cmp" operator inside a sort comparison block, and the variable had
5101 earlier been declared as a lexical variable. Either qualify the
5102 sort variable with the package name, or rename the lexical
5103 variable.
5104
5105 "state" variable %s can't be in a package
5106 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't
5107 make sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the
5108 front. Use local() if you want to localize a package variable.
5109
5110 stat() on unopened filehandle %s
5111 (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle
5112 that was either never opened or has since been closed.
5113
5114 Strings with code points over 0xFF may not be mapped into in-memory
5115 file handles
5116 (W utf8) You tried to open a reference to a scalar for read or
5117 append where the scalar contained code points over 0xFF. In-memory
5118 files model on-disk files and can only contain bytes.
5119
5120 Stub found while resolving method "%s" overloading "%s" in package "%s"
5121 (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by
5122 importation stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but
5123 explicit calls to "can" may break this.
5124
5125 Subroutine "&%s" is not available
5126 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval
5127 is attempting to capture an outer lexical subroutine that is not
5128 currently available. This can happen for one of two reasons.
5129 First, the lexical subroutine may be declared in an outer anonymous
5130 subroutine that has not yet been created. (Remember that named
5131 subs are created at compile time, while anonymous subs are created
5132 at run-time.) For example,
5133
5134 sub { my sub a {...} sub f { \&a } }
5135
5136 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current "a"
5137 sub, since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet.
5138 Conversely, the following won't give a warning since the anonymous
5139 subroutine has by now been created and is live:
5140
5141 sub { my sub a {...} eval 'sub f { \&a }' }->();
5142
5143 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a lexical
5144 subroutine that has gone out of scope, for example,
5145
5146 sub f {
5147 my sub a {...}
5148 sub { eval '\&a' }
5149 }
5150 f()->();
5151
5152 Here, when the '\&a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not
5153 currently being executed, so its &a is not available for capture.
5154
5155 "%s" subroutine &%s masks earlier declaration in same %s
5156 (W misc) A "my" or "state" subroutine has been redeclared in the
5157 current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to
5158 the previous instance. This is almost always a typographical
5159 error. Note that the earlier subroutine will still exist until the
5160 end of the scope or until all closure references to it are
5161 destroyed.
5162
5163 Subroutine %s redefined
5164 (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning,
5165 say
5166
5167 {
5168 no warnings 'redefine';
5169 eval "sub name { ... }";
5170 }
5171
5172 Subroutine "%s" will not stay shared
5173 (W closure) An inner (nested) named subroutine is referencing a
5174 "my" subroutine defined in an outer named subroutine.
5175
5176 When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of the
5177 outer subroutine's lexical subroutine as it was before and during
5178 the *first* call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the
5179 first call to the outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer
5180 subroutines will no longer share a common value for the lexical
5181 subroutine. In other words, it will no longer be shared. This
5182 will especially make a difference if the lexical subroutines
5183 accesses lexical variables declared in its surrounding scope.
5184
5185 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
5186 anonymous, using the "sub {}" syntax. When inner anonymous subs
5187 that reference lexical subroutines in outer subroutines are
5188 created, they are automatically rebound to the current values of
5189 such lexical subs.
5190
5191 Substitution loop
5192 (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a
5193 substitution shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters
5194 of input, which is what happened.) See the discussion of
5195 substitution in "Regexp Quote-Like Operators" in perlop.
5196
5197 Substitution pattern not terminated
5198 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or
5199 s{}{} construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
5200 level. Missing the leading "$" from variable $s may cause this
5201 error.
5202
5203 Substitution replacement not terminated
5204 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{}
5205 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting
5206 level. Missing the leading "$" from variable $s may cause this
5207 error.
5208
5209 substr outside of string
5210 (W substr)(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed
5211 outside of a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was
5212 larger than the length of the string. See "substr" in perlfunc.
5213 This warning is fatal if substr is used in an lvalue context (as
5214 the left hand side of an assignment or as a subroutine argument for
5215 example).
5216
5217 sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d
5218 (P) Perl tried to force the upgrade of an SV to a type which was
5219 actually inferior to its current type.
5220
5221 SWASHNEW didn't return an HV ref
5222 (P) Something went wrong internally when Perl was trying to look up
5223 Unicode characters.
5224
5225 Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by
5226 <-- HERE in m/%s/
5227 (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at
5228 most two branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want
5229 one or both to contain alternation, such as using
5230 "this|that|other", enclose it in clustering parentheses:
5231
5232 (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause)
5233
5234 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5235 problem was discovered. See perlre.
5236
5237 Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5238 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause)
5239 construct is not known. The condition must be one of the
5240 following:
5241
5242 (1) (2) ... true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched
5243 (<NAME>) ('NAME') true if named capture matched
5244 (?=...) (?<=...) true if subpattern matches
5245 (?!...) (?<!...) true if subpattern fails to match
5246 (?{ CODE }) true if code returns a true value
5247 (R) true if evaluating inside recursion
5248 (R1) (R2) ... true if directly inside capture group 1, 2, etc.
5249 (R&NAME) true if directly inside named capture
5250 (DEFINE) always false; for defining named subpatterns
5251
5252 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5253 problem was discovered. See perlre.
5254
5255 Switch (?(condition)... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
5256 m/%s/
5257 (F) You omitted to close a (?(condition)...) block somewhere in the
5258 pattern. Add a closing parenthesis in the appropriate position.
5259 See perlre.
5260
5261 switching effective %s is not implemented
5262 (F) While under the "use filetest" pragma, we cannot switch the
5263 real and effective uids or gids.
5264
5265 syntax error
5266 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include:
5267
5268 A keyword is misspelled.
5269 A semicolon is missing.
5270 A comma is missing.
5271 An opening or closing parenthesis is missing.
5272 An opening or closing brace is missing.
5273 A closing quote is missing.
5274
5275 Often there will be another error message associated with the
5276 syntax error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn
5277 on -w.) The error message itself often tells you where it was in
5278 the line when it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is
5279 several tokens before this, because Perl is good at understanding
5280 random input. Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and
5281 once in a blue moon the only way to figure out what's triggering
5282 the error is to call "perl -c" repeatedly, chopping away half the
5283 program each time to see if the error went away. Sort of the
5284 cybernetic version of 20 questions.
5285
5286 syntax error at line %d: '%s' unexpected
5287 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell
5288 instead of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script
5289 into Perl yourself.
5290
5291 syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s"
5292 (F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through
5293 a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use
5294 strict" or "my $var" or "our $var".
5295
5296 Syntax error in (?[...]) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5297 (F) Perl could not figure out what you meant inside this construct;
5298 this notifies you that it is giving up trying.
5299
5300 %s syntax OK
5301 (F) The final summary message when a "perl -c" succeeds.
5302
5303 sysread() on closed filehandle %s
5304 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle.
5305
5306 sysread() on unopened filehandle %s
5307 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never
5308 opened.
5309
5310 System V %s is not implemented on this machine
5311 (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem",
5312 "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your
5313 machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be
5314 unconfigured. Consult your system support.
5315
5316 syswrite() on closed filehandle %s
5317 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
5318 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
5319
5320 "-T" and "-B" not implemented on filehandles
5321 (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it
5322 doesn't know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a
5323 filename instead.
5324
5325 Target of goto is too deeply nested
5326 (F) You tried to use "goto" to reach a label that was too deeply
5327 nested for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing.
5328
5329 telldir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s
5330 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to telldir() is either closed or not
5331 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow.
5332
5333 tell() on unopened filehandle
5334 (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle
5335 that was either never opened or has since been closed.
5336
5337 That use of $[ is unsupported
5338 (F) Assignment to $[ is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted
5339 as a compiler directive. You may say only one of
5340
5341 $[ = 0;
5342 $[ = 1;
5343 ...
5344 local $[ = 0;
5345 local $[ = 1;
5346 ...
5347
5348 This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array
5349 base out from under another module inadvertently. See "$[" in
5350 perlvar and arybase.
5351
5352 The bitwise feature is experimental
5353 (S experimental::bitwise) This warning is emitted if you use
5354 bitwise operators ("& | ^ ~ &. |. ^. ~.") with the "bitwise"
5355 feature enabled. Simply suppress the warning if you want to use
5356 the feature, but know that in doing so you are taking the risk of
5357 using an experimental feature which may change or be removed in a
5358 future Perl version:
5359
5360 no warnings "experimental::bitwise";
5361 use feature "bitwise";
5362 $x |.= $y;
5363
5364 The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia.
5365 (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine,
5366 probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because
5367 they think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least
5368 that they will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me
5369 on that, I will deny it.
5370
5371 The experimental declared_refs feature is not enabled
5372 (F) To declare references to variables, as in "my \%x", you must
5373 first enable the feature:
5374
5375 no warnings "experimental::declared_refs";
5376 use feature "declared_refs";
5377
5378 The %s function is unimplemented
5379 (F) The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture,
5380 according to the probings of Configure.
5381
5382 The regex_sets feature is experimental
5383 (S experimental::regex_sets) This warning is emitted if you use the
5384 syntax "(?[ ])" in a regular expression. The details of this
5385 feature are subject to change. if you want to use it, but know
5386 that in doing so you are taking the risk of using an experimental
5387 feature which may change in a future Perl version, you can do this
5388 to silence the warning:
5389
5390 no warnings "experimental::regex_sets";
5391
5392 The signatures feature is experimental
5393 (S experimental::signatures) This warning is emitted if you unwrap
5394 a subroutine's arguments using a signature. Simply suppress the
5395 warning if you want to use the feature, but know that in doing so
5396 you are taking the risk of using an experimental feature which may
5397 change or be removed in a future Perl version:
5398
5399 no warnings "experimental::signatures";
5400 use feature "signatures";
5401 sub foo ($left, $right) { ... }
5402
5403 The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat
5404 (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic
5405 linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already
5406 went past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual
5407 filename instead.
5408
5409 The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables
5410 (F) This attribute was never supported on "my" or "sub"
5411 declarations.
5412
5413 This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s)
5414 This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s)
5415 (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or
5416 delete an element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your
5417 copy of Perl wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv()
5418 function. You'll need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or
5419 redefine PERL_ENV_TABLES (see perlvms) so that the environ array
5420 isn't the target of the change to %ENV which produced the warning.
5421
5422 This Perl has not been built with support for randomized hash key
5423 traversal but something called Perl_hv_rand_set().
5424 (F) Something has attempted to use an internal API call which
5425 depends on Perl being compiled with the default support for
5426 randomized hash key traversal, but this Perl has been compiled
5427 without it. You should report this warning to the relevant
5428 upstream party, or recompile perl with default options.
5429
5430 times not implemented
5431 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I
5432 suspect you're not running on Unix.
5433
5434 "-T" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line
5435 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
5436 -T option (or the -t option), but Perl was not invoked with -T in
5437 its command line. This is an error because, by the time Perl
5438 discovers a -T in a script, it's too late to properly taint
5439 everything from the environment. So Perl gives up.
5440
5441 If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #!
5442 mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be
5443 fixed by editing the #! line so that the -%c option is a part of
5444 Perl's first argument: e.g. change "perl -n -%c" to "perl -%c -n".
5445
5446 If the Perl script is being executed as "perl scriptname", then the
5447 -%c option must appear on the command line: "perl -%c scriptname".
5448
5449 To%s: illegal mapping '%s'
5450 (F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst,
5451 uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you
5452 specified an illegal mapping. See "User-Defined Character
5453 Properties" in perlunicode.
5454
5455 Too deeply nested ()-groups
5456 (F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep
5457 nesting level.
5458
5459 Too few args to syscall
5460 (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify
5461 the system call to call, silly dilly.
5462
5463 Too few arguments for subroutine '%s'
5464 (F) A subroutine using a signature received too few arguments than
5465 required by the signature. The caller of the subroutine is
5466 presumably at fault.
5467
5468 The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
5469 If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
5470 will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used.
5471
5472 Too late for "-%s" option
5473 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the
5474 -M, -m or -C option.
5475
5476 In the case of -M and -m, this is an error because those options
5477 are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the "use" pragma
5478 instead.
5479
5480 The -C option only works if it is specified on the command line as
5481 well (with the same sequence of letters or numbers following).
5482 Either specify this option on the command line, or, if your system
5483 supports it, make your script executable and run it directly
5484 instead of passing it to perl.
5485
5486 Too late to run %s block
5487 (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time
5488 proper, when the opportunity to run them has already passed.
5489 Perhaps you are loading a file with "require" or "do" when you
5490 should be using "use" instead. Or perhaps you should put the
5491 "require" or "do" inside a BEGIN block.
5492
5493 Too many args to syscall
5494 (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall().
5495
5496 Too many arguments for %s
5497 (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified.
5498
5499 Too many arguments for subroutine '%s'
5500 (F) A subroutine using a signature received too many arguments than
5501 required by the signature. The caller of the subroutine is
5502 presumably at fault.
5503
5504 The message attempts to include the name of the called subroutine.
5505 If the subroutine has been aliased, the subroutine's original name
5506 will be shown, regardless of what name the caller used.
5507
5508 Too many )'s
5509 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5510 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5511 yourself.
5512
5513 Too many ('s
5514 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5515 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5516 yourself.
5517
5518 Trailing \ in regex m/%s/
5519 (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash.
5520 Backslash it. See perlre.
5521
5522 Transliteration pattern not terminated
5523 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or
5524 tr[][] or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading "$" from
5525 variables $tr or $y may cause this error.
5526
5527 Transliteration replacement not terminated
5528 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][],
5529 y/// or y[][] construct.
5530
5531 '%s' trapped by operation mask
5532 (F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which
5533 it's disallowed. See Safe.
5534
5535 truncate not implemented
5536 (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that
5537 Configure knows about.
5538
5539 Type of arg %d to &CORE::%s must be %s
5540 (F) The subroutine in question in the CORE package requires its
5541 argument to be a hard reference to data of the specified type.
5542 Overloading is ignored, so a reference to an object that is not the
5543 specified type, but nonetheless has overloading to handle it, will
5544 still not be accepted.
5545
5546 Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s)
5547 (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a
5548 certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or "@{EXPR}". Hashes must be
5549 %NAME or "%{EXPR}". No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the
5550 {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See perlref.
5551
5552 umask not implemented
5553 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried
5554 to use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700).
5555
5556 Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs
5557 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5558 how many execution contexts were entered and left.
5559
5560 Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores
5561 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5562 how many values were temporarily localized.
5563
5564 Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs
5565 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5566 how many blocks were entered and left.
5567
5568 Unbalanced string table refcount: (%d) for "%s"
5569 (S internal) On exit, Perl found some strings remaining in the
5570 shared string table used for copy on write and for hash keys. The
5571 entries should have been freed, so this indicates a bug somewhere.
5572
5573 Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees
5574 (S internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in
5575 how many mortal scalars were allocated and freed.
5576
5577 Undefined format "%s" called
5578 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's
5579 really in another package? See perlform.
5580
5581 Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called
5582 (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist.
5583 Perhaps it's in a different package? See "sort" in perlfunc.
5584
5585 Undefined subroutine &%s called
5586 (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it
5587 has since been undefined.
5588
5589 Undefined subroutine called
5590 (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been
5591 defined, or if it was, it has since been undefined.
5592
5593 Undefined subroutine in sort
5594 (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't
5595 seem to have been defined yet. See "sort" in perlfunc.
5596
5597 Undefined top format "%s" called
5598 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's
5599 really in another package? See perlform.
5600
5601 Undefined value assigned to typeglob
5602 (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la "*foo
5603 = undef". This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean
5604 "undef *foo".
5605
5606 %s: Undefined variable
5607 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
5608 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
5609 yourself.
5610
5611 Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated here (and will be fatal in
5612 Perl 5.30), passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5613 (D deprecated, regexp) The simple rule to remember, if you want to
5614 match a literal "{" character (U+007B "LEFT CURLY BRACKET") in a
5615 regular expression pattern, is to escape each literal instance of
5616 it in some way. Generally easiest is to precede it with a
5617 backslash, like "\{" or enclose it in square brackets ("[{]"). If
5618 the pattern delimiters are also braces, any matching right brace
5619 ("}") should also be escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for
5620 example,
5621
5622 qr{abc\{def\}ghi}
5623
5624 Forcing literal "{" characters to be escaped will enable the Perl
5625 language to be extended in various ways in future releases. To
5626 avoid needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is is not
5627 enforced in contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions
5628 that could conflict with the use there of "{" as a literal.
5629
5630 In this release of Perl, some literal uses of "{" are fatal, and
5631 some still just deprecated. This is because of an oversight: some
5632 uses of a literal "{" that should have raised a deprecation warning
5633 starting in v5.20 did not warn until v5.26. By making the already-
5634 warned uses fatal now, some of the planned extensions can be made
5635 to the language sooner. The cases which are still allowed will be
5636 fatal in Perl 5.30.
5637
5638 The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are:
5639
5640 · as the first character in a pattern, or following "^"
5641 indicating to anchor the match to the beginning of a line.
5642
5643 · as the first character following a "|" indicating alternation.
5644
5645 · as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like
5646
5647 /foo({bar)/
5648 /foo(?:{bar)/
5649
5650 · as the first character following a quantifier
5651
5652 /\s*{/
5653
5654 Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here in regex; marked by
5655 <-- HERE in m/%s/
5656 (F) The simple rule to remember, if you want to match a literal "{"
5657 character (U+007B "LEFT CURLY BRACKET") in a regular expression
5658 pattern, is to escape each literal instance of it in some way.
5659 Generally easiest is to precede it with a backslash, like "\{" or
5660 enclose it in square brackets ("[{]"). If the pattern delimiters
5661 are also braces, any matching right brace ("}") should also be
5662 escaped to avoid confusing the parser, for example,
5663
5664 qr{abc\{def\}ghi}
5665
5666 Forcing literal "{" characters to be escaped will enable the Perl
5667 language to be extended in various ways in future releases. To
5668 avoid needlessly breaking existing code, the restriction is is not
5669 enforced in contexts where there are unlikely to ever be extensions
5670 that could conflict with the use there of "{" as a literal.
5671
5672 In this release of Perl, some literal uses of "{" are fatal, and
5673 some still just deprecated. This is because of an oversight: some
5674 uses of a literal "{" that should have raised a deprecation warning
5675 starting in v5.20 did not warn until v5.26. By making the already-
5676 warned uses fatal now, some of the planned extensions can be made
5677 to the language sooner.
5678
5679 The contexts where no warnings or errors are raised are:
5680
5681 · as the first character in a pattern, or following "^"
5682 indicating to anchor the match to the beginning of a line.
5683
5684 · as the first character following a "|" indicating alternation.
5685
5686 · as the first character in a parenthesized grouping like
5687
5688 /foo({bar)/
5689 /foo(?:{bar)/
5690
5691 · as the first character following a quantifier
5692
5693 /\s*{/
5694
5695 Unescaped literal '%c' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5696 (W regexp) (only under "use re 'strict'")
5697
5698 Within the scope of "use re 'strict'" in a regular expression
5699 pattern, you included an unescaped "}" or "]" which was interpreted
5700 literally. These two characters are sometimes metacharacters, and
5701 sometimes literals, depending on what precedes them in the pattern.
5702 This is unlike the similar ")" which is always a metacharacter
5703 unless escaped.
5704
5705 This action at a distance, perhaps a large distance, can lead to
5706 Perl silently misinterpreting what you meant, so when you specify
5707 that you want extra checking by "use re 'strict'", this warning is
5708 generated. If you meant the character as a literal, simply confirm
5709 that to Perl by preceding the character with a backslash, or make
5710 it into a bracketed character class (like "[}]"). If you meant it
5711 as closing a corresponding "[" or "{", you'll need to look back
5712 through the pattern to find out why that isn't happening.
5713
5714 unexec of %s into %s failed!
5715 (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local
5716 FSF representative, who probably put it there in the first place.
5717
5718 Unexpected ']' with no following ')' in (?[... in regex; marked by <--
5719 HERE in m/%s/
5720 (F) While parsing an extended character class a ']' character was
5721 encountered at a point in the definition where the only legal use
5722 of ']' is to close the character class definition as part of a
5723 '])', you may have forgotten the close paren, or otherwise confused
5724 the parser.
5725
5726 Expecting close paren for nested extended charclass in regex; marked by
5727 <-- HERE in m/%s/
5728 (F) While parsing a nested extended character class like:
5729
5730 (?[ ... (?flags:(?[ ... ])) ... ])
5731 ^
5732
5733 we expected to see a close paren ')' (marked by ^) but did not.
5734
5735 Expecting close paren for wrapper for nested extended charclass in
5736 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5737 (F) While parsing a nested extended character class like:
5738
5739 (?[ ... (?flags:(?[ ... ])) ... ])
5740 ^
5741
5742 we expected to see a close paren ')' (marked by ^) but did not.
5743
5744 Unexpected binary operator '%c' with no preceding operand in regex;
5745 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5746 (F) You had something like this:
5747
5748 (?[ | \p{Digit} ])
5749
5750 where the "|" is a binary operator with an operand on the right,
5751 but no operand on the left.
5752
5753 Unexpected character in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5754 (F) You had something like this:
5755
5756 (?[ z ])
5757
5758 Within "(?[ ])", no literal characters are allowed unless they are
5759 within an inner pair of square brackets, like
5760
5761 (?[ [ z ] ])
5762
5763 Another possibility is that you forgot a backslash. Perl isn't
5764 smart enough to figure out what you really meant.
5765
5766 Unexpected constant lvalue entersub entry via type/targ %d:%d
5767 (P) When compiling a subroutine call in lvalue context, Perl failed
5768 an internal consistency check. It encountered a malformed op tree.
5769
5770 Unexpected exit %u
5771 (S) exit() was called or the script otherwise finished gracefully
5772 when "PERL_EXIT_WARN" was set in "PL_exit_flags".
5773
5774 Unexpected exit failure %d
5775 (S) An uncaught die() was called when "PERL_EXIT_WARN" was set in
5776 "PL_exit_flags".
5777
5778 Unexpected ')' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5779 (F) You had something like this:
5780
5781 (?[ ( \p{Digit} + ) ])
5782
5783 The ")" is out-of-place. Something apparently was supposed to be
5784 combined with the digits, or the "+" shouldn't be there, or
5785 something like that. Perl can't figure out what was intended.
5786
5787 Unexpected '(' with no preceding operator in regex; marked by <-- HERE
5788 in m/%s/
5789 (F) You had something like this:
5790
5791 (?[ \p{Digit} ( \p{Lao} + \p{Thai} ) ])
5792
5793 There should be an operator before the "(", as there's no
5794 indication as to how the digits are to be combined with the
5795 characters in the Lao and Thai scripts.
5796
5797 Unicode non-character U+%X is not recommended for open interchange
5798 (S nonchar) Certain codepoints, such as U+FFFE and U+FFFF, are
5799 defined by the Unicode standard to be non-characters. Those are
5800 legal codepoints, but are reserved for internal use; so,
5801 applications shouldn't attempt to exchange them. An application
5802 may not be expecting any of these characters at all, and receiving
5803 them may lead to bugs. If you know what you are doing you can turn
5804 off this warning by "no warnings 'nonchar';".
5805
5806 This is not really a "severe" error, but it is supposed to be
5807 raised by default even if warnings are not enabled, and currently
5808 the only way to do that in Perl is to mark it as serious.
5809
5810 Unicode surrogate U+%X is illegal in UTF-8
5811 (S surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they
5812 are not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800
5813 and U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16.
5814 However, Perl internally allows all unsigned integer code points
5815 (up to the size limit available on your platform), including
5816 surrogates. But these can cause problems when being input or
5817 output, which is likely where this message came from. If you
5818 really really know what you are doing you can turn off this warning
5819 by "no warnings 'surrogate';".
5820
5821 Unknown charname '%s'
5822 (F) The name you used inside "\N{}" is unknown to Perl. Check the
5823 spelling. You can say "use charnames ":loose"" to not have to be
5824 so precise about spaces, hyphens, and capitalization on standard
5825 Unicode names. (Any custom aliases that have been created must be
5826 specified exactly, regardless of whether ":loose" is used or not.)
5827 This error may also happen if the "\N{}" is not in the scope of the
5828 corresponding "use charnames".
5829
5830 Unknown charname '' is deprecated. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.28
5831 (D deprecated) You had a "\N{}" with nothing between the braces.
5832 This usage was deprecated in Perl 5.24, and will be made a syntax
5833 error in in Perl 5.28.
5834
5835 Unknown error
5836 (P) Perl was about to print an error message in $@, but the $@
5837 variable did not exist, even after an attempt to create it.
5838
5839 Unknown open() mode '%s'
5840 (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list
5841 of valid modes: "<", ">", ">>", "+<", "+>", "+>>", "-|", "|-",
5842 "<&", ">&".
5843
5844 Unknown PerlIO layer "%s"
5845 (W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the
5846 Perl I/O system. (Layers take care of transforming data between
5847 external and internal representations.) Note that some layers,
5848 such as "mmap", are not supported in all environments. If your
5849 program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be
5850 the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO.
5851
5852 Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s
5853 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV
5854 before iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the
5855 stream of data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps
5856 trying to subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes.
5857
5858 Unknown regex modifier "%s"
5859 (F) Alphanumerics immediately following the closing delimiter of a
5860 regular expression pattern are interpreted by Perl as modifier
5861 flags for the regex. One of the ones you specified is invalid.
5862 One way this can happen is if you didn't put in white space between
5863 the end of the regex and a following alphanumeric operator:
5864
5865 if ($a =~ /foo/and $bar == 3) { ... }
5866
5867 The "a" is a valid modifier flag, but the "n" is not, and raises
5868 this error. Likely what was meant instead was:
5869
5870 if ($a =~ /foo/ and $bar == 3) { ... }
5871
5872 Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s)
5873 (W) You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma.
5874
5875 Unknown switch condition (?(...)) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5876 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause)
5877 construct is not known. The condition must be one of the
5878 following:
5879
5880 (1) (2) ... true if 1st, 2nd, etc., capture matched
5881 (<NAME>) ('NAME') true if named capture matched
5882 (?=...) (?<=...) true if subpattern matches
5883 (?!...) (?<!...) true if subpattern fails to match
5884 (?{ CODE }) true if code returns a true value
5885 (R) true if evaluating inside recursion
5886 (R1) (R2) ... true if directly inside capture group 1, 2, etc.
5887 (R&NAME) true if directly inside named capture
5888 (DEFINE) always false; for defining named subpatterns
5889
5890 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5891 problem was discovered. See perlre.
5892
5893 Unknown Unicode option letter '%c'
5894 (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See perlrun
5895 documentation of the "-C" switch for the list of known options.
5896
5897 Unknown Unicode option value %d
5898 (F) You specified an unknown Unicode option. See perlrun
5899 documentation of the "-C" switch for the list of known options.
5900
5901 Unknown verb pattern '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5902 (F) You either made a typo or have incorrectly put a "*" quantifier
5903 after an open brace in your pattern. Check the pattern and review
5904 perlre for details on legal verb patterns.
5905
5906 Unknown warnings category '%s'
5907 (F) An error issued by the "warnings" pragma. You specified a
5908 warnings category that is unknown to perl at this point.
5909
5910 Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a
5911 module (e.g. "use warnings 'File::Find'"), you must have loaded
5912 this module first.
5913
5914 Unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5915 (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish
5916 to include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or
5917 put it first. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular
5918 expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
5919
5920 Unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5921 Unmatched ) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5922 (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular
5923 expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for
5924 finding the matching parenthesis. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts
5925 in the regular expression the problem was discovered. See perlre.
5926
5927 Unmatched right %s bracket
5928 (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than
5929 opening ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening
5930 bracket. As a general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to
5931 speak) near the place you were last editing.
5932
5933 Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word
5934 (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a
5935 reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or
5936 capitalize it somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might
5937 also declare it as a subroutine.
5938
5939 Unrecognized character %s; marked by <-- HERE after %s near column %d
5940 (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified
5941 character in your Perl script (or eval) near the specified column.
5942 Perhaps you tried to run a compressed script, a binary program, or
5943 a directory as a Perl program.
5944
5945 Unrecognized escape \%c in character class in regex; marked by <-- HERE
5946 in m/%s/
5947 (F) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
5948 recognized by Perl inside character classes. This is a fatal error
5949 when the character class is used within "(?[ ])".
5950
5951 Unrecognized escape \%c in character class passed through in regex;
5952 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
5953 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
5954 recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was
5955 understood literally, but this may change in a future version of
5956 Perl. The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
5957 escape was discovered.
5958
5959 Unrecognized escape \%c passed through
5960 (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
5961 recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally, but
5962 this may change in a future version of Perl.
5963
5964 Unrecognized escape \%s passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
5965 m/%s/
5966 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not
5967 recognized by Perl. The character(s) were understood literally,
5968 but this may change in a future version of Perl. The <-- HERE
5969 shows whereabouts in the regular expression the escape was
5970 discovered.
5971
5972 Unrecognized signal name "%s"
5973 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not
5974 recognized. Say "kill -l" in your shell to see the valid signal
5975 names on your system.
5976
5977 Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options)
5978 (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If
5979 you think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's
5980 supplying the bad switch on your behalf.)
5981
5982 Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline
5983 (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that
5984 operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a
5985 newline, PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off. See
5986 "chomp" in perlfunc.
5987
5988 Unsupported directory function "%s" called
5989 (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir().
5990
5991 Unsupported function %s
5992 (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function,
5993 apparently. At least, Configure doesn't think so.
5994
5995 Unsupported function fork
5996 (F) Your version of executable does not support forking.
5997
5998 Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different
5999 flavors of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some
6000 not. Try changing the name you call Perl by to "perl_", "perl__",
6001 and so on.
6002
6003 Unsupported script encoding %s
6004 (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM)
6005 which declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot
6006 read.
6007
6008 Unsupported socket function "%s" called
6009 (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or
6010 at least that's what Configure thought.
6011
6012 Unterminated attribute list
6013 (F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the
6014 start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a
6015 block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous
6016 attribute too soon. See attributes.
6017
6018 Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list
6019 (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while
6020 parsing an attribute list, but the matching closing (right)
6021 parenthesis character was not found. You may need to add (or
6022 remove) a backslash character to get your parentheses to balance.
6023 See attributes.
6024
6025 Unterminated compressed integer
6026 (F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER
6027 compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer.
6028 See "pack" in perlfunc.
6029
6030 Unterminated delimiter for here document
6031 (F) This message occurs when a here document label has an initial
6032 quotation mark but the final quotation mark is missing. Perhaps
6033 you wrote:
6034
6035 <<"foo
6036
6037 instead of:
6038
6039 <<"foo"
6040
6041 Unterminated \g... pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6042 Unterminated \g{...} pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6043 (F) In a regular expression, you had a "\g" that wasn't followed by
6044 a proper group reference. In the case of "\g{", the closing brace
6045 is missing; otherwise the "\g" must be followed by an integer. Fix
6046 the pattern and retry.
6047
6048 Unterminated <> operator
6049 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was
6050 expecting a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle
6051 bracket, and not finding it. Chances are you left some needed
6052 parentheses out earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less
6053 than".
6054
6055 Unterminated verb pattern argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6056 m/%s/
6057 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*VERB:ARG)" but did not
6058 terminate the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6059
6060 Unterminated verb pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6061 (F) You used a pattern of the form "(*VERB)" but did not terminate
6062 the pattern with a ")". Fix the pattern and retry.
6063
6064 untie attempted while %d inner references still exist
6065 (W untie) A copy of the object returned from "tie" (or "tied") was
6066 still valid when "untie" was called.
6067
6068 Usage: POSIX::%s(%s)
6069 (F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments. See
6070 "FUNCTIONS" in POSIX for more information.
6071
6072 Usage: Win32::%s(%s)
6073 (F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments. See
6074 Win32 for more information.
6075
6076 $[ used in %s (did you mean $] ?)
6077 (W syntax) You used $[ in a comparison, such as:
6078
6079 if ($[ > 5.006) {
6080 ...
6081 }
6082
6083 You probably meant to use $] instead. $[ is the base for indexing
6084 arrays. $] is the Perl version number in decimal.
6085
6086 Use "%s" instead of "%s"
6087 (F) The second listed construct is no longer legal. Use the first
6088 one instead.
6089
6090 Useless assignment to a temporary
6091 (W misc) You assigned to an lvalue subroutine, but what the
6092 subroutine returned was a temporary scalar about to be discarded,
6093 so the assignment had no effect.
6094
6095 Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6096 m/%s/
6097 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that
6098 has no meaning unless removed from the entire regexp:
6099
6100 if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... }
6101
6102 must be written as
6103
6104 if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... }
6105
6106 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6107 problem was discovered. See perlre.
6108
6109 Useless localization of %s
6110 (W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as "local($x=10)" is
6111 legal, but in fact the local() currently has no effect. This may
6112 change at some point in the future, but in the meantime such code
6113 is discouraged.
6114
6115 Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6116 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has
6117 no meaning unless applied to the entire regexp:
6118
6119 if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... }
6120
6121 must be written as
6122
6123 if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... }
6124
6125 The <-- HERE shows whereabouts in the regular expression the
6126 problem was discovered. See perlre.
6127
6128 Useless use of attribute "const"
6129 (W misc) The "const" attribute has no effect except on anonymous
6130 closure prototypes. You applied it to a subroutine via
6131 attributes.pm. This is only useful inside an attribute handler for
6132 an anonymous subroutine.
6133
6134 Useless use of /d modifier in transliteration operator
6135 (W misc) You have used the /d modifier where the searchlist has the
6136 same length as the replacelist. See perlop for more information
6137 about the /d modifier.
6138
6139 Useless use of \E
6140 (W misc) You have a \E in a double-quotish string without a "\U",
6141 "\L" or "\Q" preceding it.
6142
6143 Useless use of greediness modifier '%c' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
6144 m/%s/
6145 (W regexp) You specified something like these:
6146
6147 qr/a{3}?/
6148 qr/b{1,1}+/
6149
6150 The "?" and "+" don't have any effect, as they modify whether to
6151 match more or fewer when there is a choice, and by specifying to
6152 match exactly a given numer, there is no room left for a choice.
6153
6154 Useless use of %s in void context
6155 (W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that
6156 does nothing with the return value, such as a statement that
6157 doesn't return a value from a block, or the left side of a scalar
6158 comma operator. Very often this points not to stupidity on your
6159 part, but a failure of Perl to parse your program the way you
6160 thought it would. For example, you'd get this if you mixed up your
6161 C precedence with Python precedence and said
6162
6163 $one, $two = 1, 2;
6164
6165 when you meant to say
6166
6167 ($one, $two) = (1, 2);
6168
6169 Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a
6170 list reference when you should be using square or curly brackets,
6171 for example, if you say
6172
6173 $array = (1,2);
6174
6175 when you should have said
6176
6177 $array = [1,2];
6178
6179 The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar
6180 value, while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is
6181 evaluated in a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma
6182 operator, which throws away the left argument, which is not what
6183 you want. See perlref for more on this.
6184
6185 This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0
6186 or 1 since they are often used in statements like
6187
6188 1 while sub_with_side_effects();
6189
6190 String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned
6191 about.
6192
6193 Useless use of (?-p) in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6194 (W regexp) The "p" modifier cannot be turned off once set. Trying
6195 to do so is futile.
6196
6197 Useless use of "re" pragma
6198 (W) You did "use re;" without any arguments. That isn't very
6199 useful.
6200
6201 Useless use of sort in scalar context
6202 (W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in :
6203
6204 my $x = sort @y;
6205
6206 This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away.
6207
6208 Useless use of %s with no values
6209 (W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no
6210 arguments apart from the array, like "push(@x)" or "unshift(@foo)".
6211 That won't usually have any effect on the array, so is completely
6212 useless. It's possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could
6213 have some effect if the array is tied to a class which implements a
6214 PUSH method. If so, you can write it as "push(@tied_array,())" to
6215 avoid this warning.
6216
6217 "use" not allowed in expression
6218 (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time,
6219 and returns no useful value. See perlmod.
6220
6221 Use of assignment to $[ is deprecated
6222 (D deprecated) The $[ variable (index of the first element in an
6223 array) is deprecated. See "$[" in perlvar.
6224
6225 Use of bare << to mean <<"" is deprecated. Its use will be fatal in
6226 Perl 5.28
6227 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted
6228 form if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the
6229 here-document.
6230
6231 Use of a bare terminator was deprecated in Perl 5.000, and will be
6232 a fatal error in Perl 5.28.
6233
6234 Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s///
6235 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c
6236 modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions.
6237
6238 Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g
6239 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but
6240 didn't use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when
6241 /g is used. (This may change in the future.)
6242
6243 Use of code point 0x%s is deprecated; the permissible max is 0x%s. This
6244 will be fatal in Perl 5.28
6245 (D deprecated) You used a code point that will not be allowed in a
6246 future perl version, because it is too large. Unicode only allows
6247 code points up to 0x10FFFF, but Perl allows much larger ones.
6248 However, the largest possible ones break the perl interpreter in
6249 some constructs, including causing it to hang in a few cases. The
6250 known problem areas are in "tr///", regular expression pattern
6251 matching using quantifiers, as quote delimiters in "qX...X" (where
6252 X is the "chr()" of a large code point), and as the upper limits in
6253 loops. There may be other breakages as well. If you get this
6254 warning, and things aren't working correctly, you probably have
6255 found one of these.
6256
6257 If your code is to run on various platforms, keep in mind that the
6258 upper limit depends on the platform. It is much larger on 64-bit
6259 word sizes than 32-bit ones.
6260
6261 The use of out of range code points was deprecated in Perl 5.24,
6262 and it will be a fatal error in Perl 5.28.
6263
6264 Use of comma-less variable list is deprecated. Its use will be fatal in
6265 Perl 5.28
6266 (D deprecated) The values you give to a format should be separated
6267 by commas, not just aligned on a line.
6268
6269 This usage will be fatal in Perl 5.28.
6270
6271 Use of each() on hash after insertion without resetting hash iterator
6272 results in undefined behavior
6273 (S internal) The behavior of "each()" after insertion is undefined;
6274 it may skip items, or visit items more than once. Consider using
6275 "keys()" instead of "each()".
6276
6277 Infinite recursion via empty pattern
6278 (F) You tried to use the empty pattern inside of a regex code
6279 block, for instance "/(?{ s!!! })/", which resulted in re-executing
6280 the same pattern, which is an infinite loop which is broken by
6281 throwing an exception.
6282
6283 Use of := for an empty attribute list is not allowed
6284 (F) The construction "my $x := 42" used to parse as equivalent to
6285 "my $x : = 42" (applying an empty attribute list to $x). This
6286 construct was deprecated in 5.12.0, and has now been made a syntax
6287 error, so ":=" can be reclaimed as a new operator in the future.
6288
6289 If you need an empty attribute list, for example in a code
6290 generator, add a space before the "=".
6291
6292 Use of %s for non-UTF-8 locale is wrong. Assuming a UTF-8 locale
6293 (W locale) You are matching a regular expression using locale
6294 rules, and the specified construct was encountered. This construct
6295 is only valid for UTF-8 locales, which the current locale isn't.
6296 This doesn't make sense. Perl will continue, assuming a Unicode
6297 (UTF-8) locale, but the results are likely to be wrong.
6298
6299 Use of freed value in iteration
6300 (F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop? This
6301 error is typically caused by code like the following:
6302
6303 @a = (3,4);
6304 @a = () for (1,2,@a);
6305
6306 You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated
6307 over. For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not
6308 do full reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such
6309 an item in the middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed
6310 value.
6311
6312 Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split
6313 (W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a "split"
6314 operator. Since "split" always tries to match the pattern
6315 repeatedly, the "/g" has no effect.
6316
6317 Use of "goto" to jump into a construct is deprecated
6318 (D deprecated) Using "goto" to jump from an outer scope into an
6319 inner scope is deprecated and should be avoided.
6320
6321 This was deprecated in Perl 5.12.
6322
6323 Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated. This will
6324 be fatal in Perl 5.28
6325 (D deprecated) As an (ahem) accidental feature, "AUTOLOAD"
6326 subroutines are looked up as methods (using the @ISA hierarchy)
6327 even when the subroutines to be autoloaded were called as plain
6328 functions (e.g. "Foo::bar()"), not as methods (e.g. "Foo->bar()" or
6329 "$obj->bar()").
6330
6331 This bug will be rectified in future by using method lookup only
6332 for methods' "AUTOLOAD"s. However, there is a significant base of
6333 existing code that may be using the old behavior. So, as an
6334 interim step, Perl currently issues an optional warning when non-
6335 methods use inherited "AUTOLOAD"s.
6336
6337 The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading
6338 non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that
6339 used to depend on inheriting "AUTOLOAD" for non-methods from a base
6340 class named "BaseClass", execute "*AUTOLOAD =
6341 \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD" during startup.
6342
6343 In code that currently says "use AutoLoader; @ISA =
6344 qw(AutoLoader);" you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change
6345 "use AutoLoader;" to "use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';".
6346
6347 This feature was deprecated in Perl 5.004, and will be fatal in
6348 Perl 5.28.
6349
6350 Use of %s in printf format not supported
6351 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible
6352 from only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in
6353 Perl.
6354
6355 Use of -l on filehandle%s
6356 (W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened
6357 the file it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying
6358 to look for. The operation returned "undef". Use a filename
6359 instead.
6360
6361 Use of reference "%s" as array index
6362 (W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this
6363 probably isn't what you mean, because references in numerical
6364 context tend to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates
6365 programmer error.
6366
6367 If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like
6368 so: $array[0+$ref]. This warning is not given for overloaded
6369 objects, however, because you can overload the numification and
6370 stringification operators and then you presumably know what you are
6371 doing.
6372
6373 Use of state $_ is experimental
6374 (S experimental::lexical_topic) Lexical $_ is an experimental
6375 feature and its behavior may change or even be removed in any
6376 future release of perl. See the explanation under "$_" in perlvar.
6377
6378 Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to %s operator
6379 is deprecated. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.28
6380 (D deprecated) You tried to use one of the string bitwise operators
6381 ("&" or "|" or "^" or "~") on a string containing a code point over
6382 0xFF. The string bitwise operators treat their operands as strings
6383 of bytes, and values beyond 0xFF are nonsensical in this context.
6384
6385 Such usage will be a fatal error in Perl 5.28.
6386
6387 Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated
6388 (W taint, deprecated) You have supplied "system()" or "exec()" with
6389 multiple arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used
6390 to be allowed but will become a fatal error in a future version of
6391 perl. Untaint your arguments. See perlsec.
6392
6393 Use of unassigned code point or non-standalone grapheme for a delimiter
6394 will be a fatal error starting in Perl 5.30
6395 (D deprecated) A grapheme is what appears to a native-speaker of a
6396 language to be a character. In Unicode (and hence Perl) a grapheme
6397 may actually be several adjacent characters that together form a
6398 complete grapheme. For example, there can be a base character,
6399 like "R" and an accent, like a circumflex "^", that appear when
6400 displayed to be a single character with the circumflex hovering
6401 over the "R". Perl currently allows things like that circumflex to
6402 be delimiters of strings, patterns, etc. When displayed, the
6403 circumflex would look like it belongs to the character just to the
6404 left of it. In order to move the language to be able to accept
6405 graphemes as delimiters, we have to deprecate the use of delimiters
6406 which aren't graphemes by themselves. Also, a delimiter must
6407 already be assigned (or known to be never going to be assigned) to
6408 try to future-proof code, for otherwise code that works today would
6409 fail to compile if the currently unassigned delimiter ends up being
6410 something that isn't a stand-alone grapheme. Because Unicode is
6411 never going to assign non-character code points, nor code points
6412 that are above the legal Unicode maximum, those can be delimiters,
6413 and their use won't raise this warning.
6414
6415 Use of uninitialized value%s
6416 (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already
6417 defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a
6418 mistake. To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your
6419 variables.
6420
6421 To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell
6422 you the name of the variable (if any) that was undefined. In some
6423 cases it cannot do this, so it also tells you what operation you
6424 used the undefined value in. Note, however, that perl optimizes
6425 your program and the operation displayed in the warning may not
6426 necessarily appear literally in your program. For example, "that
6427 $foo" is usually optimized into ""that " . $foo", and the warning
6428 will refer to the "concatenation (.)" operator, even though there
6429 is no "." in your program.
6430
6431 "use re 'strict'" is experimental
6432 (S experimental::re_strict) The things that are different when a
6433 regular expression pattern is compiled under 'strict' are subject
6434 to change in future Perl releases in incompatible ways. This means
6435 that a pattern that compiles today may not in a future Perl
6436 release. This warning is to alert you to that risk.
6437
6438 Use \x{...} for more than two hex characters in regex; marked by
6439 <-- HERE in m/%s/
6440 (F) In a regular expression, you said something like
6441
6442 (?[ [ \xBEEF ] ])
6443
6444 Perl isn't sure if you meant this
6445
6446 (?[ [ \x{BEEF} ] ])
6447
6448 or if you meant this
6449
6450 (?[ [ \x{BE} E F ] ])
6451
6452 You need to add either braces or blanks to disambiguate.
6453
6454 Using just the first character returned by \N{} in character class in
6455 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6456 (W regexp) Named Unicode character escapes "(\N{...})" may return a
6457 multi-character sequence. Even though a character class is
6458 supposed to match just one character of input, perl will match the
6459 whole thing correctly, except when the class is inverted
6460 ("[^...]"), or the escape is the beginning or final end point of a
6461 range. For these, what should happen isn't clear at all. In these
6462 circumstances, Perl discards all but the first character of the
6463 returned sequence, which is not likely what you want.
6464
6465 Using /u for '%s' instead of /%s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6466 (W regexp) You used a Unicode boundary ("\b{...}" or "\B{...}") in
6467 a portion of a regular expression where the character set modifiers
6468 "/a" or "/aa" are in effect. These two modifiers indicate an ASCII
6469 interpretation, and this doesn't make sense for a Unicode
6470 defintion. The generated regular expression will compile so that
6471 the boundary uses all of Unicode. No other portion of the regular
6472 expression is affected.
6473
6474 Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense
6475 (F) Using the "!~" operator with "s///r", "tr///r" or "y///r" is
6476 currently reserved for future use, as the exact behavior has not
6477 been decided. (Simply returning the boolean opposite of the
6478 modified string is usually not particularly useful.)
6479
6480 UTF-16 surrogate U+%X
6481 (S surrogate) You had a UTF-16 surrogate in a context where they
6482 are not considered acceptable. These code points, between U+D800
6483 and U+DFFF (inclusive), are used by Unicode only for UTF-16.
6484 However, Perl internally allows all unsigned integer code points
6485 (up to the size limit available on your platform), including
6486 surrogates. But these can cause problems when being input or
6487 output, which is likely where this message came from. If you
6488 really really know what you are doing you can turn off this warning
6489 by "no warnings 'surrogate';".
6490
6491 Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined()
6492 (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*>
6493 (glob), "each()", or "readdir()" as a boolean value. Each of these
6494 constructs can return a value of "0"; that would make the
6495 conditional expression false, which is probably not what you
6496 intended. When using these constructs in conditional expressions,
6497 test their values with the "defined" operator.
6498
6499 Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long
6500 (W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value
6501 of an %ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant
6502 string longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been
6503 truncated to 1024 characters.
6504
6505 Variable "%s" is not available
6506 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval
6507 is attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently
6508 available. This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the
6509 outer lexical may be declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that
6510 has not yet been created. (Remember that named subs are created at
6511 compile time, while anonymous subs are created at run-time.) For
6512 example,
6513
6514 sub { my $a; sub f { $a } }
6515
6516 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value
6517 of $a, since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet.
6518 Conversely, the following won't give a warning since the anonymous
6519 subroutine has by now been created and is live:
6520
6521 sub { my $a; eval 'sub f { $a }' }->();
6522
6523 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that
6524 has gone out of scope, for example,
6525
6526 sub f {
6527 my $a;
6528 sub { eval '$a' }
6529 }
6530 f()->();
6531
6532 Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not
6533 currently being executed, so its $a is not available for capture.
6534
6535 Variable "%s" is not imported%s
6536 (S misc) With "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global
6537 variable that you apparently thought was imported from another
6538 module, because something else of the same name (usually a
6539 subroutine) is exported by that module. It usually means you put
6540 the wrong funny character on the front of your variable.
6541
6542 Variable length lookbehind not implemented in regex m/%s/
6543 (F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is
6544 fixed and known at compile time. For positive lookbehind, you can
6545 use the "\K" regex construct as a way to get the equivalent
6546 functionality. See (?<=pattern) and \K in perlre.
6547
6548 There are non-obvious Unicode rules under "/i" that can match
6549 variably, but which you might not think could. For example, the
6550 substring "ss" can match the single character LATIN SMALL LETTER
6551 SHARP S. There are other sequences of ASCII characters that can
6552 match single ligature characters, such as LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFI
6553 matching "qr/ffi/i". Starting in Perl v5.16, if you only care
6554 about ASCII matches, adding the "/aa" modifier to the regex will
6555 exclude all these non-obvious matches, thus getting rid of this
6556 message. You can also say "use re qw(/aa)" to apply "/aa" to all
6557 regular expressions compiled within its scope. See re.
6558
6559 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s
6560 (W misc) A "my", "our" or "state" variable has been redeclared in
6561 the current scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access
6562 to the previous instance. This is almost always a typographical
6563 error. Note that the earlier variable will still exist until the
6564 end of the scope or until all closure references to it are
6565 destroyed.
6566
6567 Variable syntax
6568 (A) You've accidentally run your script through csh instead of
6569 Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl
6570 yourself.
6571
6572 Variable "%s" will not stay shared
6573 (W closure) An inner (nested) named subroutine is referencing a
6574 lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine.
6575
6576 When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of the
6577 outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first*
6578 call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to
6579 the outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines
6580 will no longer share a common value for the variable. In other
6581 words, the variable will no longer be shared.
6582
6583 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine
6584 anonymous, using the "sub {}" syntax. When inner anonymous subs
6585 that reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they are
6586 automatically rebound to the current values of such variables.
6587
6588 vector argument not supported with alpha versions
6589 (S printf) The %vd (s)printf format does not support version
6590 objects with alpha parts.
6591
6592 Verb pattern '%s' has a mandatory argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6593 in m/%s/
6594 (F) You used a verb pattern that requires an argument. Supply an
6595 argument or check that you are using the right verb.
6596
6597 Verb pattern '%s' may not have an argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE
6598 in m/%s/
6599 (F) You used a verb pattern that is not allowed an argument.
6600 Remove the argument or check that you are using the right verb.
6601
6602 Version control conflict marker
6603 (F) The parser found a line starting with "<<<<<<<", ">>>>>>>", or
6604 "=======". These may be left by a version control system to mark
6605 conflicts after a failed merge operation.
6606
6607 Version number must be a constant number
6608 (P) The attempt to translate a "use Module n.n LIST" statement into
6609 its equivalent "BEGIN" block found an internal inconsistency with
6610 the version number.
6611
6612 Version string '%s' contains invalid data; ignoring: '%s'
6613 (W misc) The version string contains invalid characters at the end,
6614 which are being ignored.
6615
6616 Warning: something's wrong
6617 (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of "warn """)
6618 or you called it with no args and $@ was empty.
6619
6620 Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly
6621 (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication
6622 on the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of
6623 disk space.
6624
6625 Warning: unable to close filehandle properly: %s
6626 Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly: %s
6627 (S io) There were errors during the implicit close() done on a
6628 filehandle when its reference count reached zero while it was still
6629 open, e.g.:
6630
6631 {
6632 open my $fh, '>', $file or die "open: '$file': $!\n";
6633 print $fh $data or die "print: $!";
6634 } # implicit close here
6635
6636 Because various errors may only be detected by close() (e.g.
6637 buffering could allow the "print" in this example to return true
6638 even when the disk is full), it is dangerous to ignore its result.
6639 So when it happens implicitly, perl will signal errors by warning.
6640
6641 Prior to version 5.22.0, perl ignored such errors, so the common
6642 idiom shown above was liable to cause silent data loss.
6643
6644 Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous
6645 (S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that
6646 looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted
6647 as a term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the
6648 rand function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write
6649
6650 rand + 5;
6651
6652 you may THINK you wrote the same thing as
6653
6654 rand() + 5;
6655
6656 but in actual fact, you got
6657
6658 rand(+5);
6659
6660 So put in parentheses to say what you really mean.
6661
6662 when is experimental
6663 (S experimental::smartmatch) "when" depends on smartmatch, which is
6664 experimental. Additionally, it has several special cases that may
6665 not be immediately obvious, and their behavior may change or even
6666 be removed in any future release of perl. See the explanation
6667 under "Experimental Details on given and when" in perlsyn.
6668
6669 Wide character in %s
6670 (S utf8) Perl met a wide character (>255) when it wasn't expecting
6671 one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print). The
6672 easiest way to quiet this warning is simply to add the ":utf8"
6673 layer to the output, e.g. "binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'". Another way
6674 to turn off the warning is to add "no warnings 'utf8';" but that is
6675 often closer to cheating. In general, you are supposed to
6676 explicitly mark the filehandle with an encoding, see open and
6677 "binmode" in perlfunc.
6678
6679 Wide character (U+%X) in %s
6680 (W locale) While in a single-byte locale (i.e., a non-UTF-8 one), a
6681 multi-byte character was encountered. Perl considers this
6682 character to be the specified Unicode code point. Combining
6683 non-UTF-8 locales and Unicode is dangerous. Almost certainly some
6684 characters will have two different representations. For example,
6685 in the ISO 8859-7 (Greek) locale, the code point 0xC3 represents a
6686 Capital Gamma. But so also does 0x393. This will make string
6687 comparisons unreliable.
6688
6689 You likely need to figure out how this multi-byte character got
6690 mixed up with your single-byte locale (or perhaps you thought you
6691 had a UTF-8 locale, but Perl disagrees).
6692
6693 Within []-length '%c' not allowed
6694 (F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by
6695 "[TEMPLATE]" only if "TEMPLATE" always matches the same amount of
6696 packed bytes that can be determined from the template alone. This
6697 is not possible if it contains any of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a
6698 *-length. Redesign the template.
6699
6700 %s() with negative argument
6701 (S misc) Certain operations make no sense with negative arguments.
6702 Warning is given and the operation is not done.
6703
6704 write() on closed filehandle %s
6705 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed
6706 sometime before now. Check your control flow.
6707
6708 %s "\x%X" does not map to Unicode
6709 (S utf8) When reading in different encodings, Perl tries to map
6710 everything into Unicode characters. The bytes you read in are not
6711 legal in this encoding. For example
6712
6713 utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode
6714
6715 if you try to read in the a-diaereses Latin-1 as UTF-8.
6716
6717 'X' outside of string
6718 (F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position
6719 before the beginning of the string being (un)packed. See "pack" in
6720 perlfunc.
6721
6722 'x' outside of string in unpack
6723 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position
6724 after the end of the string being unpacked. See "pack" in
6725 perlfunc.
6726
6727 YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!
6728 (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have
6729 the sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a
6730 rip about what you want. Your best bet is to put a setuid C
6731 wrapper around your script.
6732
6733 You need to quote "%s"
6734 (W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name.
6735 Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared,
6736 which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the
6737 assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If
6738 it IS what you want, put an & in front.)
6739
6740 Your random numbers are not that random
6741 (F) When trying to initialize the random seed for hashes, Perl
6742 could not get any randomness out of your system. This usually
6743 indicates Something Very Wrong.
6744
6745 Zero length \N{} in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
6746 (F) Named Unicode character escapes ("\N{...}") may return a zero-
6747 length sequence. Such an escape was used in an extended character
6748 class, i.e. "(?[...])", or under "use re 'strict'", which is not
6749 permitted. Check that the correct escape has been used, and the
6750 correct charnames handler is in scope. The <-- HERE shows
6751 whereabouts in the regular expression the problem was discovered.
6752
6754 warnings, diagnostics.
6755
6756
6757
6758perl v5.26.3 2018-11-05 PERLDIAG(1)