1B::Xref(3pm) Perl Programmers Reference Guide B::Xref(3pm)
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6 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
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9 perl -MO=Xref[,OPTIONS] foo.pl
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12 The B::Xref module is used to generate a cross reference listing of all
13 definitions and uses of variables, subroutines and formats in a Perl
14 program. It is implemented as a backend for the Perl compiler.
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16 The report generated is in the following format:
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18 File filename1
19 Subroutine subname1
20 Package package1
21 object1 line numbers
22 object2 line numbers
23 ...
24 Package package2
25 ...
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27 Each File section reports on a single file. Each Subroutine section
28 reports on a single subroutine apart from the special cases
29 "(definitions)" and "(main)". These report, respectively, on subroutine
30 definitions found by the initial symbol table walk and on the main part
31 of the program or module external to all subroutines.
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33 The report is then grouped by the Package of each variable, subroutine
34 or format with the special case "(lexicals)" meaning lexical variables.
35 Each object name (implicitly qualified by its containing Package)
36 includes its type character(s) at the beginning where possible. Lexical
37 variables are easier to track and even included dereferencing
38 information where possible.
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40 The "line numbers" are a comma separated list of line numbers (some
41 preceded by code letters) where that object is used in some way.
42 Simple uses aren't preceded by a code letter. Introductions (such as
43 where a lexical is first defined with "my") are indicated with the
44 letter "i". Subroutine and method calls are indicated by the character
45 "&". Subroutine definitions are indicated by "s" and format
46 definitions by "f".
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49 Option words are separated by commas (not whitespace) and follow the
50 usual conventions of compiler backend options.
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52 "-oFILENAME"
53 Directs output to "FILENAME" instead of standard output.
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55 "-r" Raw output. Instead of producing a human-readable report,
56 outputs a line in machine-readable form for each definition/use
57 of a variable/sub/format.
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59 "-d" Don't output the "(definitions)" sections.
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61 "-D[tO]"
62 (Internal) debug options, probably only useful if "-r"
63 included. The "t" option prints the object on the top of the
64 stack as it's being tracked. The "O" option prints each
65 operator as it's being processed in the execution order of the
66 program.
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69 Non-lexical variables are quite difficult to track through a program.
70 Sometimes the type of a non-lexical variable's use is impossible to
71 determine. Introductions of non-lexical non-scalars don't seem to be
72 reported properly.
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75 Malcolm Beattie, mbeattie@sable.ox.ac.uk.
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79perl v5.12.4 2011-06-01 B::Xref(3pm)