1PARPROUTED(8) Proxy ARP Bridging Daemon PARPROUTED(8)
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6 parprouted - Proxy ARP IP bridging daemon
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9 parprouted [-d] [-p] interface [interface]
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12 parprouted is a daemon for transparent IP (Layer 3) proxy ARP bridging.
13 Unlike standard bridging, proxy ARP bridging allows to bridge Ethernet
14 networks behind wireless nodes. Normal L2 bridging does not work
15 between wireless nodes because wireless does not know about MAC
16 addresses used in the wired Ethernet networks. Also this daemon is use‐
17 ful for making transparent firewalls.
18 The daemon listens for incoming ARP requests, and in case the location
20 of the requested IP address is unknown, forwards them to other inter‐
21 faces, as well as updates kernel ARP table with the received replies.
22 When necessary, the daemon generates an ARP reply itself, which causes
23 the stations to send traffic to the host daemon is running on. By auto‐
24 matically adding appropriate /32 routes to Linux kernel IP routing ta‐
25 ble for the hosts learned via ARP, daemon ensures that the Linux kernel
26 will be able to route the packets to the destination host when it
27 receives them without any need routing/subnetting manually.
28 All routes entered by the daemon have a metric of 50.
30 Unless you use -p switch, all entries in the ARP table will be
32 refreshed (rechecked by sending ARP requests) every 50 seconds. This
33 keeps them from being expired by kernel.
34 Normally it takes about 60 ms for a bridge to update all its tables and
36 start sending packets to the destination.
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39 This daemon can be used for unicast traffic only. I.e., DHCP is not
40 supported. Use software such as dhcrelay to "bridge" DHCP.
41 You should have an IP address assigned on all of your interfaces that
43 you do bridging on. There is no need for this address to be from the
44 same networks as the bridged networks. Any dummy address will do.
45 The system should have correct default route.
47 parprouted requires "ip" program from iproute2 tools to be installed in
49 /sbin. If it is installed in another location, please replace
50 "/sbin/ip" occurances in the source with the correct path. As well you
51 should have proc filesystem mounted in /proc because the daemon uses
52 /proc/net/arp.
53 parprouted is designed for and tested only with Linux 2.4.x kernels.
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57 The list of interfaces to do bridging on should be given via the com‐
58 mand line.
59 The daemon accepts the following switches:
61 -d, which stands for debugging. If you run it in debugging mode the
63 daemon will not go to background and will print additional debugging
64 information to stdout/stderr.
65 -p, which makes all ARP entries to be permanent. This will also result
67 in that ARP tables will not be refreshed by ARP pings.
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70 To bridge between wlan0 and eth0: parprouted eth0 wlan0
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73 (C) 2004, Vladimir Ivaschenko <vi@maks.net>
74 http://www.hazard.maks.net
75parprouted January 2004 PARPROUTED(8)