1SULOGIN(8) Linux System Administrator's Manual SULOGIN(8)
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6 sulogin - Single-user login
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9 sulogin [ -e ] [ -p ] [ -t SECONDS ] [ TTY ]
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12 sulogin can be invoked by init(8) when the system goes into single user
13 mode. (This is done through an entry in inittab(5).) Init also tries
14 to execute sulogin when the boot loader (e.g., grub(8)) passes it the
15 -b option.
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17 The user is prompted
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19 Give root password for system maintenance
20 (or type Control-D for normal startup):
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22 sulogin will be connected to the current terminal, or to the optional
23 device that can be specified on the command line (typically /dev/con‐
24 sole).
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26 If the -t option is used then the program only waits the given number
27 of seconds for user input.
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29 If the -p option is used then the single-user shell is invoked with a
30 dash as the first character in argv[0]. This causes the shell process
31 to behave as a login shell. The default is not to do this, so that the
32 shell will not read /etc/profile or $HOME/.profile at startup.
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34 After the user exits the single-user shell, or presses control-D at the
35 prompt, the system will (continue to) boot to the default runlevel.
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38 sulogin looks for the environment variable SUSHELL or sushell to deter‐
39 mine what shell to start. If the environment variable is not set, it
40 will try to execute root's shell from /etc/passwd. If that fails it
41 will fall back to /bin/sh.
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43 This is very valuable together with the -b option to init. To boot the
44 system into single user mode, with the root file system mounted
45 read/write, using a special "fail safe" shell that is statically linked
46 (this example is valid for the LILO bootprompt)
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48 boot: linux -b rw sushell=/sbin/sash
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51 sulogin checks the root password using the standard method (getpwnam)
52 first. Then, if the -e option was specified, sulogin examines these
53 files directly to find the root password:
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55 /etc/passwd,
56 /etc/shadow (if present)
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58 If they are damaged or nonexistent, sulogin will start a root shell
59 without asking for a password. Only use the -e option if you are sure
60 the console is physically protected against unauthorized access.
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63 Miquel van Smoorenburg <miquels@cistron.nl>
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66 init(8), inittab(5).
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70 17 Jan 2006 SULOGIN(8)