1SYSTEMD(1) systemd SYSTEMD(1)
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6 systemd, init - systemd system and service manager
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9 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd [OPTIONS...]
10 init [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND}
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14 systemd is a system and service manager for Linux operating systems.
15 When run as first process on boot (as PID 1), it acts as init system
16 that brings up and maintains userspace services.
17 For compatibility with SysV, if systemd is called as init and a PID
19 that is not 1, it will execute telinit and pass all command line
20 arguments unmodified. That means init and telinit are mostly equivalent
21 when invoked from normal login sessions. See telinit(8) for more
22 information.
23 When run as a system instance, systemd interprets the configuration
25 file system.conf and the files in system.conf.d directories; when run
26 as a user instance, systemd interprets the configuration file user.conf
27 and the files in user.conf.d directories. See systemd-system.conf(5)
28 for more information.
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31 The following options are understood:
32 --test
34 Determine startup sequence, dump it and exit. This is an option
35 useful for debugging only.
36 --dump-configuration-items
38 Dump understood unit configuration items. This outputs a terse but
39 complete list of configuration items understood in unit definition
40 files.
41 --dump-bus-properties
43 Dump exposed bus properties. This outputs a terse but complete list
44 of properties exposed to dbus.
45 --unit=
47 Set default unit to activate on startup. If not specified, defaults
48 to default.target.
49 --system, --user
51 For --system, tell systemd to run a system instance, even if the
52 process ID is not 1, i.e. systemd is not run as init process.
53 --user does the opposite, running a user instance even if the
54 process ID is 1. Normally, it should not be necessary to pass these
55 options, as systemd automatically detects the mode it is started
56 in. These options are hence of little use except for debugging.
57 Note that it is not supported booting and maintaining a full system
58 with systemd running in --system mode, but PID not 1. In practice,
59 passing --system explicitly is only useful in conjunction with
60 --test.
61 --dump-core
63 Enable core dumping on crash. This switch has no effect when
64 running as user instance. This setting may also be enabled during
65 boot on the kernel command line via the systemd.dump_core= option,
66 see below.
67 --crash-vt=VT
69 Switch to a specific virtual console (VT) on crash. Takes a
70 positive integer in the range 1–63, or a boolean argument. If an
71 integer is passed, selects which VT to switch to. If yes, the VT
72 kernel messages are written to is selected. If no, no VT switch is
73 a