1CSV1(5) MaraDNS reference CSV1(5)
2
6 csv1 - Format of the csv1 zone file that MaraDNS uses
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9 The csv1 zone file format is supported primarily for MaraDNS users who
10 already have zone files in the csv1 format. MaraDNS now supports a csv2
11 zone file format. Note that the csv1 zone file format will continue to
12 function as long as I am MaraDNS' maintainer.
13
15 | This delimits fields
16 # This signifies a comment. Lines starting with this are ignored,
18 otherwise it has no significance
19 % This, in domain names, signifies that the rest of the domain name
21 should be the name of this zone
22 * This is translated to mean "any host name that otherwise does not
24 resolve". It must be at the beginning of a domain name.
25 \ This is used as an escape character, either to escape octal values
27 such as '\045' for %, or to escape the '%' character so it has no
28 special meaning, or to escape the backslash character.
29
31 All domain-name labels are converted to their lower-case equivalents
32 before processing is done. This is because domain-name literals in the
33 database with one or more upper-case letters in them are case-
34 sensitive. This is my way to resolve RFC1035 schizophrenic desire to
35 both allow binary domain labels, and its desire to be case-insensitive.
36 The file must first have a SOA record, followed by one or more NS
38 records, followed by other records. The initial NS and SOA records must
39 be RR for this zone. NS records after any non-NS record must be part of
40 another zone. The resolution algorithm will not break if non-CNAME
41 records share records with a CNAME record, but this is not a good idea
42 to do.
43
45 A domain name is a one-letter designation of its type, followed by the
46 domain name separated by dots, ending with either a % or a trailing
47 dot. If the domain name does not end with a % or trailing dot, an
48 error is returned.
49
51 MaraDNS only supports the following types of resource records (RRs) in
52 csv1 files. More resource records types are supported in csv2 zone
53 files; see csv2(5) for details.
54 Letter Type RFC1035 section 3.2.2 value
56 A A 1
57 N NS 2
58 C CNAME 5
59 S SOA 6
60 P PTR 12
61 @ MX 15
62 T TXT 16
63 U any determined in third field of line
64
67 Here are the formats, shown by letter name:
68 A: Has three fields
70 field one: the domain name
71 field two: the ttl for the name in seconds
72 field three: the ip address, in dotted decimal notation
73 Example:
74 Ahost.example.com.|7200|10.1.2.3
75 A records are described with grueling detail in RFC1035. In short, an A
77 record is an IP address for a given host name.
78 N: Has three fields
80 field one: the domain name of the record
81 field two: the ttl for the name in seconds
82 field three: the domain name this NS points to.
83 Example:
84 Nexample.com.|86400|ns.example.com.
85 NS (N here) records are described in RFC1035
87 C: Has three fields
89 field one: the domain name of the record
90 field two: the ttl for the name in seconds
91 field three: the domain this CNAME record points to
92 Example:
93 Calias.example.org.|3200|realname.example.org.
94 CNAME (which C is short for) records are described in RFC1035
96 S: Has nine fields
98 field one: the domain name of the record
99 field two: the TTL of the record
100 field three: the origin of the domain. In other words, the name of the
101 primary name server for the domain.
102 field four: the email address for this domain (in the RFC822, not
103 BIND format)
104 field five: the serial for the domain
105 field six: the refresh (how often to see updates) for the domain
106 field seven: the retry (how often to try when down) for the domain
107 field eight: the expire (how long before the slave gives up) for the
108 domain
109 field nine: the minimum (and default) TTL for the domain
110 Example:
111 Sexample.net.|86400|%|hostmaster@%|19771108|7200|3600|604800|1800
112 SOA (S here) records are described in RFC1035
114 P: has three fields
116 field one: the IP we wish to point to (in in-addr.arpa form)
117 field two: the ttl for the name in seconds
118 field three: the FQDN for the IP in question
119 Example:
120 P3.2.1.10.in-addr.arpa.|86400|ns.example.com.
121 PTR (P here) records, which are used for reverse DNS lookups, are
123 described in RFC1035. Note that one needs control of the appropriate
124 in-addr.arpa subdomain to make PTR records visible on the internet at
125 large.
126 @: has four fields
128 field one: The host that people send email to
129 field two: the ttl for this record
130 field three: The preference for this MX host
131 field four: The name of this MX host
132 Example:
133 @example.com.|86400|10|mail.example.com.
134 MX (@ here) records are described in RFC1035
136 T: has three fields
138 field one: The host someone wants to get additional information about
139 field two: the ttl for this record
140 field three: The desired text. Any data becomes the record up until a
141 new line is reached. The new line is not part of the TXT
142 record
143 Example:
144 Texample.com.|86400|Example.com: Buy example products online
145 TXT (T here) records are described in RFC1035
147 U: has four fields
149 field one: The host someone wants a data type normally unsupported by
150 MaraDNS for
151 field two: the ttl for this record
152 field three: The numeric code for this data type (33 for SRV, etc.)
153 field four: The raw binary data for this data type
154 Example:
155 Uexample.com.|3600|40|\010\001\002Kitchen sink data
156 The above example is a "Kitchen Sink" RR (see draft-ietf-dnsind-
158 kitchen-sink-02.txt) with a "meaning" of 8, a "coding" of 1, a
159 "subcoding" of 2, and a data string of "Kitchen sink data". Since this
160 particular data type is not formalized in a RFC at this time, the most
161 appropriate method of storing this data is by using the catch-all
162 "unsupported" syntax.
163
165 # Example CSV1 zone file
166 # This is what is known as a SOA record. All zone files need to have one
168 # of these
169 S%|86400|%|hostmaster@%|19771108|7200|3600|604800|1800
170 # These are known as authoritative NS records. All zone files need
171 # one or more of these
172 N%|86400|ns1.%
173 N%|86400|ns2.%
174 # Some IP addresses
176 Ans1.%|86400|10.0.0.1
177 Ans2.%|86400|192.168.0.1
178 A%|86400|10.1.2.3
179 Amx.%|86400|10.1.2.4
180 # An 'IN MX' record
182 @%|86400|10|mx.%
183
188 THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS ''AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
189 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
190 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
191 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
192 ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
193 DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
194 OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
195 HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
196 STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
197 IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
198 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
199
201 Sam Trenholme http://www.samiam.org/
202MARADNS January 2002 CSV1(5)