1HTTPD.SERVICE(8) httpd systemd units HTTPD.SERVICE(8)
2
6 httpd.service, httpd@.service, httpd.socket, httpd-init.service - httpd
7 unit files for systemd
8
10 /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service,
11 /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd@.service,
12 /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd-init.service,
13 /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.socket
14
16 This manual page describes the systemd unit files used to integrate the
17 httpd daemon with systemd. Two main unit files are available:
18 httpd.service allows the httpd daemon to be run as a system service,
19 and httpd.socket allows httpd to be started via socket-based
20 activation. Most systems will use httpd.service.
21 The apachectl command has been modified to invoke systemctl for most
23 uses, so for example, running apachectl start is equivalent to running
24 systemctl start httpd.service. This ensures that the running httpd
25 daemon is tracked and managed by systemd. In contrast, running httpd
26 directly from a root shell will start the service outside of systemd;
27 in this case, default security restrictions described below (including,
28 but not limited to, SELinux) will not be enforced.
29 Changing default behaviour
31 To change the default behaviour of the httpd service, an over-ride file
32 should be created, rather than changing
33 /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service directly, since such changes
34 would be lost over package upgrades. Running systemctl edit
35 httpd.service or systemctl edit httpd.socket as root will create a
36 drop-in file (in the former case, in
37 /etc/systemd/system/httpd.service.d) which over-rides the system
38 defaults.
39 For example, to set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable for the
41 daemon, run systemctl edit httpd.service and enter:
42 [Service]
44 Environment=LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/vendor/lib
45 Starting the service at boot time
47 The httpd.service and httpd.socket units are disabled by default. To
48 start the httpd service at boot time, run: systemctl enable
49 httpd.service. In the default configuration, the httpd daemon will
50 accept connections on port 80 (and, if mod_ssl is installed, TLS
51 connections on port 443) for any configured IPv4 or IPv6 address.
52 If httpd is configured to depend on any specific IP address (for
54 example, with a "Listen" directive) which may only become available
55 during start-up, or if httpd depends on other services (such as a
56 database daemon), the service must be configured to ensure correct
57 start-up ordering.
58 For example, to ensure httpd is only running after all configured
60 network interfaces are configured, create a drop-in file (as described
61 above) with the following section:
62 [Unit]
64 After=network-online.target
65 Wants=network-online.target
66 See https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/NetworkTarget/
68 for more information on start-up ordering with systemd.
69 SSL/TLS certificate generation
71 The httpd-init.service unit is provided with the mod_ssl package. This
72 oneshot unit automatically creates a TLS server certificate and key
73 (using a generated self-signed CA certificate and key) for testing
74 purposes before httpd is started. To inhibit certificate generation,
75 use systemctl mask httpd-init.service after installing mod_ssl, and
76 adjust the mod_ssl configuration to use an appropriate certificate and
77 key.
78 Reloading and stopping the service
80 When running systemctl reload httpd.service, a graceful restart is
81 used, which sends a signal to the httpd parent process to reload the
82 configuration and re-open log files. Any children with open connections
83 at the time of reload will terminate only once they have completed
84 serving requests. This prevents users of the server seeing errors (or
85 potentially losing data) due to the reload, but means some there is
86 some delay before any configuration changes take effect for all users.
87 Similarly, a graceful stop is used when systemctl stop httpd.service is
89 run, which terminates the server only once active connections have been
90 processed.
91 To "ungracefully" stop the server without waiting for requests to
93 complete, use systemctl kill --kill-who=main httpd; similarly to
94 "ungracefully" reload the configuration, use systemctl kill
95 --kill-who=main --signal=HUP httpd.
96 Automated service restarts
98 System packages (including the httpd package itself) may restart the
99 httpd service automatically after packages are upgraded, installed, or
100 removed. This is done using the systemctl reload httpd.service, which
101 produces a graceful restart by default as described above.
102 To suppress automatic reloads entirely, create the file
104 /etc/sysconfig/httpd-disable-posttrans.
105 Changing the default MPM (Multi-Processing Module)
107 httpd offers a choice of multi-processing modules (MPMs), which can be
108 configured in /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf. See httpd.conf(5)
109 for more information on changing the MPM.
110 systemd integration and mod_systemd
112 The httpd service uses the notify systemd service type. The mod_systemd
113 module must be loaded (as in the default configuration) for this to
114 work correctly - the service will fail if this module is not loaded.
115 mod_systemd also makes worker and request statistics available when
116 running systemctl status httpd. See systemd.exec(5) for more
117 information on systemd service types.
118 Security and SELinux
120 The default SELinux policy restricts the httpd service in various ways.
121 For example, the default policy limits the ports to which httpd can
122 bind (using the Listen directive), which parts of the filesystem can be
123 accessed, and whether outgoing TCP connections are possible. Many of
124 these restrictions can be relaxed or adjusted by using semanage to
125 change booleans or other types. See httpd_selinux(8) for more
126 information.
127 The httpd service enables PrivateTmp by default. The /tmp and /var/tmp
129 directories available within the httpd process (and CGI scripts, etc)
130 are not shared by other processes. See systemd.exec(5) for more
131 information.
132 Socket activation
134 Socket activation (see systemd.socket(5) for more information) can be
135 used with httpd by enabling the httpd.socket unit. The httpd listener
136 configuration must exactly match the ListenStream options configured
137 for the httpd.socket unit. The default httpd.socket has a
138 ListenStream=80 and, if mod_ssl is installed, ListenStream=443 by a
139 drop-in file. If additional Listen directives are added to the httpd
140 configuration, corresponding ListenStream options should be added via
141 drop-in files, for example via systemctl edit httpd.socket.
142 If using socket activation with httpd, only one listener on any given
144 TCP port is supported; a configuration with both "Listen 127.0.0.1:80"
145 and "Listen 192.168.1.2:80" will not work.
146 Instantiated services
148 The httpd@.service unit is an instantiated template service. An
149 instance of this unit will be started using the configuration file
150 /etc/httpd/conf/INSTANCE.conf, where INSTANCE is replaced with the
151 instance name. For example, systemctl start httpd@foobar.service will
152 start httpd using the configuration file /etc/httpd/conf/foobar.conf.
153 The HTTPD_INSTANCE environment variable is set to the instance name by
154 the unit and is available for use within the configuration file.
155 To allow multiple instances of httpd to run simultaneously, a number of
157 configuration directives must be changed, such as PidFile and
158 DefaultRuntimeDir to pick non-conflicting paths, and Listen to choose
159 different ports. The example configuration file
160 /usr/share/doc/httpd/instance.conf demonstrates how to make such
161 changes using HTTPD_INSTANCE variable.
162 It can be useful to configure instances of httpd@.service to reload
164 when httpd.service is reloaded; for example, logrotate will reload only
165 httpd.service when logs are rotated. If this behaviour is required,
166 create a drop-in file for the instance as follows:
167 [Unit]
169 ReloadPropagatedFrom=httpd.service
170 As with normal units, drop-in files for instances can be created using
172 systemctl edit, e.g. systemctl edit httpd@foobar.service.
173
175 /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service,
176 /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.socket,
177 /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd@.service,
178 /etc/systemd/systemd/httpd.service.d
179
181 httpd(8), httpd.conf(5), systemd(1), systemctl(1), systemd.service(5),
182 systemd.exec(5), systemd.socket(5), httpd_selinux(8), semanage(8)
183
185 Joe Orton <jorton@redhat.com>
186 Author
187httpd 04/17/2019 HTTPD.SERVICE(8)