1POSIX_MEMALIGN(3) Linux Programmer's Manual POSIX_MEMALIGN(3)
2
6 posix_memalign, aligned_alloc, memalign, valloc, pvalloc - allocate
7 aligned memory
8
10 #include <stdlib.h>
11 int posix_memalign(void **memptr, size_t alignment, size_t size);
13 void *aligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size);
14 void *valloc(size_t size);
15 #include <malloc.h>
17 void *memalign(size_t alignment, size_t size);
19 void *pvalloc(size_t size);
20 Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
22 posix_memalign(): _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L
24 aligned_alloc(): _ISOC11_SOURCE
26 valloc():
28 Since glibc 2.12:
29 (_XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500) && !(_POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L)
30 || /* Glibc since 2.19: */ _DEFAULT_SOURCE
31 || /* Glibc versions <= 2.19: */ _SVID_SOURCE || _BSD_SOURCE
32 Before glibc 2.12:
33 _BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500
34 (The (nonstandard) header file <malloc.h> also exposes the dec‐
35 laration of valloc(); no feature test macros are required.)
36
38 The function posix_memalign() allocates size bytes and places the
39 address of the allocated memory in *memptr. The address of the allo‐
40 cated memory will be a multiple of alignment, which must be a power of
41 two and a multiple of sizeof(void *). If size is 0, then the value
42 placed in *memptr is either NULL, or a unique pointer value that can
43 later be successfully passed to free(3).
44 The obsolete function memalign() allocates size bytes and returns a
46 pointer to the allocated memory. The memory address will be a multiple
47 of alignment, which must be a power of two.
48 The function aligned_alloc() is the same as memalign(), except for the
50 added restriction that size should be a multiple of alignment.
51 The obsolete function valloc() allocates size bytes and returns a
53 pointer to the allocated memory. The memory address will be a multiple
54 of the page size. It is equivalent to memalign(sysconf(_SC_PAGE‐
55 SIZE),size).
56 The obsolete function pvalloc() is similar to valloc(), but rounds the
58 size of the allocation up to the next multiple of the system page size.
59 For all of these functions, the memory is not zeroed.
61
63 aligned_alloc(), memalign(), valloc(), and pvalloc() return a pointer
64 to the allocated memory, or NULL if the request fails.
65 posix_memalign() returns zero on success, or one of the error values
67 listed in the next section on failure. The value of errno is not set.
68 On Linux (and other systems), posix_memalign() does not modify memptr
69 on failure. A requirement standardizing this behavior was added in
70 POSIX.1-2016.
71
73 EINVAL The alignment argument was not a power of two, or was not a mul‐
74 tiple of sizeof(void *).
75 ENOMEM There was insufficient memory to fulfill the allocation request.
77
79 The functions memalign(), valloc(), and pvalloc() have been available
80 in all Linux libc libraries.
81 The function aligned_alloc() was added to glibc in version 2.16.
83 The function posix_memalign() is available since glibc 2.1.91.
85
87 For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
88 attributes(7).
89 ┌─────────────────┬───────────────┬────────────────┐
91 │Interface │ Attribute │ Value │
92 ├─────────────────┼───────────────┼────────────────┤
93 │aligned_alloc(), │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe │
94 │memalign(), │ │ │
95 │posix_memalign() │ │ │
96 ├─────────────────┼───────────────┼────────────────┤
97 │valloc(), │ Thread safety │ MT-Unsafe init │
98 │pvalloc() │ │ │
99 └─────────────────┴───────────────┴────────────────┘
100
102 The function valloc() appeared in 3.0BSD. It is documented as being
103 obsolete in 4.3BSD, and as legacy in SUSv2. It does not appear in
104 POSIX.1.
105 The function pvalloc() is a GNU extension.
107 The function memalign() appears in SunOS 4.1.3 but not in 4.4BSD.
109 The function posix_memalign() comes from POSIX.1d and is specified in
111 POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008.
112 The function aligned_alloc() is specified in the C11 standard.
114 Headers
116 Everybody agrees that posix_memalign() is declared in <stdlib.h>.
117 On some systems memalign() is declared in <stdlib.h> instead of <mal‐
119 loc.h>.
120 According to SUSv2, valloc() is declared in <stdlib.h>. Libc4,5 and
122 glibc declare it in <malloc.h>, and also in <stdlib.h> if suitable fea‐
123 ture test macros are defined (see above).
124
126 On many systems there are alignment restrictions, for example, on buf‐
127 fers used for direct block device I/O. POSIX specifies the path‐
128 conf(path,_PC_REC_XFER_ALIGN) call that tells what alignment is needed.
129 Now one can use posix_memalign() to satisfy this requirement.
130 posix_memalign() verifies that alignment matches the requirements
132 detailed above. memalign() may not check that the alignment argument
133 is correct.
134 POSIX requires that memory obtained from posix_memalign() can be freed
136 using free(3). Some systems provide no way to reclaim memory allocated
137 with memalign() or valloc() (because one can pass to free(3) only a
138 pointer obtained from malloc(3), while, for example, memalign() would
139 call malloc(3) and then align the obtained value). The glibc implemen‐
140 tation allows memory obtained from any of these functions to be
141 reclaimed with free(3).
142 The glibc malloc(3) always returns 8-byte aligned memory addresses, so
144 these functions are needed only if you require larger alignment values.
145
147 brk(2), getpagesize(2), free(3), malloc(3)
148
150 This page is part of release 4.16 of the Linux man-pages project. A
151 description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
152 latest version of this page, can be found at
153 https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
154GNU 2017-09-15 POSIX_MEMALIGN(3)