1Rose::DB::Object::ManagUesre(r3)Contributed Perl DocumenRtoastei:o:nDB::Object::Manager(3)
2
3
4

NAME

6       Rose::DB::Object::Manager - Fetch multiple Rose::DB::Object-derived
7       objects from the database using complex queries.
8

SYNOPSIS

10         ##
11         ## Given the following Rose::DB::Object-derived classes...
12         ##
13
14         package Category;
15
16         use base 'Rose::DB::Object';
17
18         __PACKAGE__->meta->setup
19         (
20           table   => 'categories',
21           columns =>
22           [
23             id          => { type => 'int', primary_key => 1 },
24             name        => { type => 'varchar', length => 255 },
25             description => { type => 'text' },
26           ],
27
28           unique_key => 'name',
29         );
30
31         ...
32
33         package CodeName;
34
35         use base 'Rose::DB::Object';
36
37         __PACKAGE__->meta->setup
38         (
39           table   => 'code_names',
40           columns =>
41           [
42             id          => { type => 'int', primary_key => 1 },
43             product_id  => { type => 'int' },
44             name        => { type => 'varchar', length => 255 },
45             applied     => { type => 'date', not_null => 1 },
46           ],
47
48           foreign_keys =>
49           [
50             product =>
51             {
52               class       => 'Product',
53               key_columns => { product_id => 'id' },
54             },
55           ],
56         );
57
58         ...
59
60         package Product;
61
62         use base 'Rose::DB::Object';
63
64         __PACKAGE__->meta->setup
65         (
66           table   => 'products',
67           columns =>
68           [
69             id          => { type => 'int', primary_key => 1 },
70             name        => { type => 'varchar', length => 255 },
71             description => { type => 'text' },
72             category_id => { type => 'int' },
73             region_num  => { type => 'int' },
74
75             status =>
76             {
77               type      => 'varchar',
78               check_in  => [ 'active', 'inactive' ],
79               default   => 'inactive',
80             },
81
82             start_date  => { type => 'datetime' },
83             end_date    => { type => 'datetime' },
84
85             date_created  => { type => 'timestamp', default => 'now' },
86             last_modified => { type => 'timestamp', default => 'now' },
87           ],
88
89           unique_key => 'name',
90
91           foreign_keys =>
92           [
93             category =>
94             {
95               class       => 'Category',
96               key_columns =>
97               {
98                 category_id => 'id',
99               }
100             },
101           ],
102
103           relationships =>
104           [
105             code_names =>
106             {
107               type  => 'one to many',
108               class => 'CodeName',
109               column_map   => { id => 'product_id' },
110               manager_args =>
111               {
112                 sort_by => CodeName->meta->table . '.applied DESC',
113               },
114             },
115           ],
116         );
117
118         ...
119
120         ##
121         ## Create a manager class
122         ##
123
124         package Product::Manager;
125
126         use base 'Rose::DB::Object::Manager';
127
128         sub object_class { 'Product' }
129
130         __PACKAGE__->make_manager_methods('products');
131
132         # The call above creates the methods shown below.  (The actual
133         # method bodies vary slightly, but this is the gist of it...)
134         #
135         # sub get_products
136         # {
137         #   shift->get_objects(@_, object_class => 'Product');
138         # }
139         #
140         # sub get_products_iterator
141         # {
142         #   shift->get_objects_iterator(@_, object_class => 'Product');
143         # }
144         #
145         # sub get_products_count
146         # {
147         #   shift->get_objects_count(@_, object_class => 'Product');
148         # }
149         #
150         # sub update_products
151         # {
152         #   shift->update_objects(@_, object_class => 'Product');
153         # }
154         #
155         # sub delete_products
156         # {
157         #   shift->delete_objects(@_, object_class => 'Product');
158         # }
159
160         ...
161
162         ##
163         ## Use the manager class
164         ##
165
166         #
167         # Get a reference to an array of objects
168         #
169
170         $products =
171           Product::Manager->get_products
172           (
173             query =>
174             [
175               category_id => [ 5, 7, 22 ],
176               status      => 'active',
177               start_date  => { lt => '15/12/2005 6:30 p.m.' },
178               name        => { like => [ '%foo%', '%bar%' ] },
179             ],
180             sort_by => 'category_id, start_date DESC',
181             limit   => 100,
182             offset  => 80,
183           );
184
185         foreach my $product (@$products)
186         {
187           print $product->id, ' ', $product->name, "\n";
188         }
189
190         #
191         # Get objects iterator
192         #
193
194         $iterator =
195           Product::Manager->get_products_iterator
196           (
197             query =>
198             [
199               category_id => [ 5, 7, 22 ],
200               status      => 'active',
201               start_date  => { lt => '15/12/2005 6:30 p.m.' },
202               name        => { like => [ '%foo%', '%bar%' ] },
203             ],
204             sort_by => 'category_id, start_date DESC',
205             limit   => 100,
206             offset  => 80,
207           );
208
209         while($product = $iterator->next)
210         {
211           print $product->id, ' ', $product->name, "\n";
212         }
213
214         print $iterator->total;
215
216         #
217         # Get objects count
218         #
219
220         $count =
221           Product::Manager->get_products_count
222           (
223             query =>
224             [
225               category_id => [ 5, 7, 22 ],
226               status      => 'active',
227               start_date  => { lt => '15/12/2005 6:30 p.m.' },
228               name        => { like => [ '%foo%', '%bar%' ] },
229             ],
230           );
231
232          die Product::Manager->error  unless(defined $count);
233
234         print $count; # or Product::Manager->total()
235
236         #
237         # Get objects and sub-objects in a single query
238         #
239
240         $products =
241           Product::Manager->get_products
242           (
243             with_objects => [ 'category', 'code_names' ],
244             query =>
245             [
246               category_id => [ 5, 7, 22 ],
247               status      => 'active',
248               start_date  => { lt => '15/12/2005 6:30 p.m.' },
249
250               # We need to disambiguate the "name" column below since it
251               # appears in more than one table referenced by this query.
252               # When more than one table is queried, the tables have numbered
253               # aliases starting from the "main" table ("products").  The
254               # "products" table is t1, "categories" is t2, and "code_names"
255               # is t3.  You can read more about automatic table aliasing in
256               # the documentation for the get_objects() method below.
257               #
258               # "category.name" and "categories.name" would work too, since
259               # table and relationship names are also valid prefixes.
260
261               't2.name'   => { like => [ '%foo%', '%bar%' ] },
262             ],
263             sort_by => 'category_id, start_date DESC',
264             limit   => 100,
265             offset  => 80,
266           );
267
268         foreach my $product (@$products)
269         {
270           # The call to $product->category does not hit the database
271           print $product->name, ': ', $product->category->name, "\n";
272
273           # The call to $product->code_names does not hit the database
274           foreach my $code_name ($product->code_names)
275           {
276             # This call doesn't hit the database either
277             print $code_name->name, "\n";
278           }
279         }
280
281         #
282         # Update objects
283         #
284
285         $num_rows_updated =
286           Product::Manager->update_products(
287             set =>
288             {
289               end_date   => DateTime->now,
290               region_num => { sql => 'region_num * -1' }
291               status     => 'defunct',
292             },
293             where =>
294             [
295               start_date => { lt => '1/1/1980' },
296               status     => [ 'active', 'pending' ],
297             ]);
298
299         #
300         # Delete objects
301         #
302
303         $num_rows_deleted =
304           Product::Manager->delete_products(
305             where =>
306             [
307               status  => [ 'stale', 'old' ],
308               name    => { like => 'Wax%' },
309               or =>
310               [
311                 start_date => { gt => '2008-12-30' },
312                 end_date   => { gt => 'now' },
313               ],
314             ]);
315

DESCRIPTION

317       Rose::DB::Object::Manager is a base class for classes that select rows
318       from tables fronted by Rose::DB::Object-derived classes.  Each row in
319       the table(s) queried is converted into the equivalent
320       Rose::DB::Object-derived object.
321
322       Class methods are provided for fetching objects all at once, one at a
323       time through the use of an iterator, or just getting the object count.
324       Subclasses are expected to create syntactically pleasing wrappers for
325       Rose::DB::Object::Manager class methods, either manually or with the
326       make_manager_methods method.  A very minimal example is shown in the
327       synopsis above.
328

CLASS METHODS

330       dbi_prepare_cached [BOOL]
331           Get or set a boolean value that indicates whether or not this class
332           will use DBI's prepare_cached method by default (instead of the
333           prepare method) when preparing SQL queries.  The default value is
334           false.
335
336       default_limit_with_subselect [BOOL]
337           Get or set a boolean value that determines whether or not this
338           class will consider using a sub-query to express "limit"/"offset"
339           constraints when fetching sub-objects related through one of the
340           "...-to-many" relationship types.  Not all databases support this
341           syntax, and not all queries can use it even in supported databases.
342           If this parameter is true, the feature will be used when possible,
343           by default.  The default value is true.
344
345       default_manager_method_types [ LIST | ARRAYREF ]
346           Get or set the default list of method types used by the
347           make_manager_methods method.  The default list is "objects",
348           "iterator", "count", "delete", and "update".
349
350       default_nested_joins [BOOL]
351           Get or set a boolean value that determines whether or not this
352           class will consider using nested JOIN syntax when fetching related
353           objects.  Not all databases support this syntax, and not all
354           queries can use it even in supported databases.  If this parameter
355           is true, the feature will be used when possible, by default.  The
356           default value is true.
357
358       default_objects_per_page [NUM]
359           Get or set the default number of items per page, as returned by the
360           get_objects method when used with the "page" and/or "per_page"
361           parameters.  The default value is 20.
362
363       delete_objects [ PARAMS | ARRAYREF | HASHREF ]
364           Delete rows from a table fronted by a Rose::DB::Object-derived
365           class based on PARAMS, where PARAMS are name/value pairs.  Returns
366           the number of rows deleted, or undef if there was an error.
367
368           If the first argument is a reference to a hash or array, it is
369           converted to a reference to an array (if necessary) and taken as
370           the value of the "where" parameter.
371
372           Valid parameters are:
373
374           all BOOL
375               If set to a true value, this parameter indicates an explicit
376               request to delete all rows from the table.  If both the "all"
377               and the "where" parameters are passed, a fatal error will
378               occur.
379
380           db DB
381               A Rose::DB-derived object used to access the database.  If
382               omitted, one will be created by calling the init_db method of
383               the object_class.
384
385           prepare_cached BOOL
386               If true, then DBI's prepare_cached method will be used (instead
387               of the prepare method) when preparing the SQL statement that
388               will delete the objects.  If omitted, the default value is
389               determined by the dbi_prepare_cached class method.
390
391           object_class CLASS
392               The name of the Rose::DB::Object-derived class that fronts the
393               table from which rows are to be deleted.  This parameter is
394               required; a fatal error will occur if it is omitted.  Defaults
395               to the value returned by the object_class class method.
396
397           where ARRAYREF
398               The query parameters, passed as a reference to an array of
399               name/value pairs.  These pairs are used to formulate the
400               "where" clause of the SQL query that is used to delete the rows
401               from the table.  Arbitrarily nested boolean logic is supported.
402
403               For the complete list of valid parameter names and values, see
404               the documentation for the "query" parameter of the build_select
405               function in the Rose::DB::Object::QueryBuilder module.
406
407               If this parameter is omitted, this method will refuse to delete
408               all rows from the table and a fatal error will occur.  To
409               delete all rows from a table, you must pass the "all" parameter
410               with a true value.  If both the "all" and the "where"
411               parameters are passed, a fatal error will occur.
412
413       error
414           Returns the text message associated with the last error, or false
415           if there was no error.
416
417       error_mode [MODE]
418           Get or set the error mode for this class.  The error mode
419           determines what happens when a method of this class encounters an
420           error.  The default setting is "fatal", which means that methods
421           will croak if they encounter an error.
422
423           PLEASE NOTE: The error return values described in the method
424           documentation in the rest of this document are only relevant when
425           the error mode is set to something "non-fatal."  In other words, if
426           an error occurs, you'll never see any of those return values if the
427           selected error mode dies or croaks or otherwise throws an exception
428           when an error occurs.
429
430           Valid values of MODE are:
431
432           carp
433               Call Carp::carp with the value of the object error as an
434               argument.
435
436           cluck
437               Call Carp::cluck with the value of the object error as an
438               argument.
439
440           confess
441               Call Carp::confess with the value of the object error as an
442               argument.
443
444           croak
445               Call Carp::croak with the value of the object error as an
446               argument.
447
448           fatal
449               An alias for the "croak" mode.
450
451           return
452               Return a value that indicates that an error has occurred, as
453               described in the documentation for each method.
454
455           In all cases, the class's "error" attribute will also contain the
456           error message.
457
458       get_objects [ PARAMS | HASHREF | ARRAYREF ]
459           Get Rose::DB::Object-derived objects based on PARAMS, where PARAMS
460           are name/value pairs.  Returns a reference to a (possibly empty)
461           array, or undef if there was an error.
462
463           If the first argument is a reference to a hash or array, it is
464           converted to a reference to an array (if necessary) and taken as
465           the value of the "query" parameter.
466
467           Each table that participates in the query will be aliased.  Each
468           alias is in the form "tN" where "N" is an ascending number starting
469           with 1.  The tables are numbered as follows.
470
471           ·   The primary table is always "t1"
472
473           ·   The table(s) that correspond to each relationship or foreign
474               key named in the "with_objects" parameter are numbered in
475               order, starting with "t2"
476
477           ·   The table(s) that correspond to each relationship or foreign
478               key named in the "require_objects" parameter are numbered in
479               order, starting where the "with_objects" table aliases left
480               off.
481
482           "Many to many" relationships have two corresponding tables, and
483           therefore will use two "tN" numbers.  All other supported of
484           relationship types only have just one table and will therefore use
485           a single "tN" number.
486
487           For example, imagine that the "Product" class shown in the synopsis
488           also has a "many to many" relationship named "colors."  Now
489           consider this call:
490
491               $products =
492                 Product::Manager->get_products(
493                   require_objects => [ 'category' ],
494                   with_objects    => [ 'code_names', 'colors' ],
495                   multi_many_ok   => 1,
496                   query           => [ status => 'defunct' ],
497                   sort_by         => 't1.name');
498
499           The "products" table is "t1" since it's the primary table--the
500           table behind the "Product" class that "Product::Manager" manages.
501           Next, the "with_objects" tables are aliased.  The "code_names"
502           table is "t2".  Since "colors" is a "many to many" relationship, it
503           gets two numbers: "t3" and "t4".  Finally, the "require_objects"
504           tables are numbered: the table behind the foreign key "category" is
505           "t5".  Here's an annotated version of the example above:
506
507               # Table aliases in the comments
508               $products =
509                 Product::Manager->get_products(
510                                      # t5
511                   require_objects => [ 'category' ],
512                                      # t2            t3, t4
513                   with_objects    => [ 'code_names', 'colors' ],
514                   multi_many_ok   => 1,
515                   query           => [ status => 'defunct' ],
516                   sort_by         => 't1.name'); # "products" is "t1"
517
518           Also note that the "multi_many_ok" parameter was used in order to
519           suppress the warning that occurs when more than one "... to many"
520           relationship is included in the combination of "require_objects"
521           and "with_objects" ("code_names" (one to many) and "colors" (many
522           to many) in this case).  See the documentation for "multi_many_ok"
523           below.
524
525           The "tN" table aliases are for convenience, and to isolate end-user
526           code from the actual table names.  Ideally, the actual table names
527           should only exist in one place in the entire code base: in the
528           class definitions for each Rose::DB::OBject-derived class.
529
530           That said, when using Rose::DB::Object::Manager, the actual table
531           names can be used as well.  But be aware that some databases don't
532           like a mix of table aliases and real table names in some kinds of
533           queries.
534
535           Valid parameters to get_objects are:
536
537           allow_empty_lists BOOL
538               If set to true, "query" parameters with empty lists as values
539               are allowed.  For example:
540
541                   @ids = (); # empty list
542
543                   Product::Manager->get_products(
544                     query =>
545                     [
546                       id => \@ids,
547                       ...
548                     ]);
549
550               By default, passing an empty list as a value will cause a fatal
551               error.
552
553           db DB
554               A Rose::DB-derived object used to access the database.  If
555               omitted, one will be created by calling the init_db method of
556               the "object_class".
557
558           debug BOOL
559               If true, print the generated SQL to STDERR.
560
561           distinct [ BOOL | ARRAYREF ]
562               If set to any kind of true value, then the "DISTINCT" SQL
563               keyword will be added to the "SELECT" statement.  Specific
564               values trigger the behaviors described below.
565
566               If set to a simple scalar value that is true, then only the
567               columns in the primary table ("t1") are fetched from the
568               database.
569
570               If set to a reference to an array of table names, "tN" table
571               aliases, or relationship or foreign key names, then only the
572               columns from the corresponding tables will be fetched.  In the
573               case of relationships that involve more than one table, only
574               the "most distant" table is considered.  (e.g., The map table
575               is ignored in a "many to many" relationship.)  Columns from the
576               primary table ("t1") are always selected, regardless of whether
577               or not it appears in the list.
578
579               This parameter conflicts with the "fetch_only" parameter in the
580               case where both provide a list of table names or aliases.  In
581               this case, if the value of the "distinct" parameter is also
582               reference to an array table names or aliases, then a fatal
583               error will occur.
584
585           fetch_only ARRAYREF
586               ARRAYREF should be a reference to an array of table names or
587               "tN" table aliases. Only the columns from the corresponding
588               tables will be fetched.  In the case of relationships that
589               involve more than one table, only the "most distant" table is
590               considered.  (e.g., The map table is ignored in a "many to
591               many" relationship.)  Columns from the primary table ("t1") are
592               always selected, regardless of whether or not it appears in the
593               list.
594
595               This parameter conflicts with the "distinct" parameter in the
596               case where both provide a list of table names or aliases.  In
597               this case, then a fatal error will occur.
598
599           for_update BOOL
600               If true, this parameter is translated to be the equivalent of
601               passing the lock parameter and setting the "type" to "for
602               update".  For example, this:
603
604                   for_update => 1
605
606               is equivalent to this:
607
608                   lock => { type => 'for update' }
609
610               See the lock parameter below for more information.
611
612           hints HASHREF
613               A reference to a hash of hints that influence the SQL generated
614               to fetch the objects.  Hints are just "suggestions" and may be
615               ignored, depending on the actual features of the database being
616               queried.  Use the debug parameter to see the generated SQL.
617               Most of the current hints apply to MySQL only.  See the
618               relevant documentation for more details:
619
620               <http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/select.html>
621
622               The hints hash is keyed by tN table aliases or relationship
623               names.  The value of each key is a reference to a hash of hint
624               directives.  In the absence of any key for "t1" or the name of
625               the primary table, the entire hints hash is considered
626               applicable to the primary table.
627
628               Valid hint directives are:
629
630               all_rows BOOL
631                   If true, direct the database to choose the query plan that
632                   returns all the records as quickly as possible.
633
634               big_result BOOL
635                   If true, indicate to the database that the result set is
636                   expected to be big.
637
638               buffer_result BOOL
639                   If true, force the result to be put into a temporary table.
640
641               cache BOOL
642                   If true, ask the database to store the result in its query
643                   cache.
644
645               calc_found_rows BOOL
646                   If true, ask the database to internally calculate the
647                   number of rows found, ignoring any limit or offset
648                   arguments.
649
650               comment TEXT
651                   Add a comment after the "SELECT" keyword in the query.
652                   TEXT should not be surrounded by any comment delimiters.
653                   The appropriate delimiters will be added automatically.
654
655               first_rows BOOL
656                   If true, direct the database to choose the query plan that
657                   returns the first result record as soon as possible.
658
659               force_index [ INDEX | ARRAYREF ]
660                   Force the use of the named indexes, specified by an index
661                   name or a reference to an array of index names.
662
663               high_priority BOOL
664                   If true, give this query higher priority.
665
666               ignore_index [ INDEX | ARRAYREF ]
667                   Ignore the named indexes, specified by an index name or a
668                   reference to an array of index names.
669
670               no_cache BOOL
671                   If true, ask the database not to store the result in its
672                   query cache.
673
674               small_result BOOL
675                   If true, indicate to the database that the result set is
676                   expected to be small.
677
678               straight_join BOOL
679                   If true, ask the database to join the tables in the order
680                   that they are listed in the "FROM" clause of the SQL
681                   statement.
682
683               strict_ops BOOL
684                   If true, any comparison operator used in the "query" that
685                   is not listed in the Rose::DB::Object::QueryBuilder
686                   documentation will cause a fatal error.  The default value
687                   is determined by the strict_ops class method.
688
689               use_index [ INDEX | ARRAYREF ]
690                   Prefer to use the named indexes, specified by an index name
691                   or a reference to an array of index names.
692
693           inject_results BOOL
694               If true, then the data returned from the database will be
695               directly "injected" into the objects returned by this method,
696               bypassing the constructor and column mutator methods for each
697               object class.  The default is false.  This parameter is ignored
698               (i.e., treated as if it were false) if the "select" parameter
699               is passed.
700
701               This parameter is useful for situations where the performance
702               of get_objects is limited by the speed at which
703               Rose::DB::Object-derived objects can be created.  It's safe to
704               set this parameter to true only if the constructor and column
705               mutator methods for all of the classes involved do not have any
706               side-effects (or if it's is okay to bypass any side-effects).
707
708               The default Rose::DB::Object constructor and the column mutator
709               methods created by the column classes included in the
710               Rose::DB::Object module distribution do not have any side-
711               effects and should therefore be safe to use with this
712               parameter.
713
714           limit NUM
715               Return a maximum of NUM objects.
716
717           limit_with_subselect BOOL
718               This parameter controls whether or not this method will
719               consider using a sub-query to express  "limit"/"offset"
720               constraints when fetching sub-objects related through one of
721               the "...-to-many" relationship types.  Not all databases
722               support this syntax, and not all queries can use it even in
723               supported databases.  If this parameter is true, the feature
724               will be used when possible.
725
726               The default value is determined by the
727               default_limit_with_subselect class method.
728
729           lock [ TYPE | HASHREF ]
730               Select the objects using some form of locking.  These lock
731               directives have database-specific behavior and not all
732               directives are supported by all databases.  Consult your
733               database's documentation to find out more.  Use the debug
734               parameter to see the generated SQL.
735
736               The value should be a reference to a hash or a TYPE string,
737               which is equivalent to setting the value of the "type" key in
738               the hash reference form.  For example, these are both
739               equivalent:
740
741                   lock => 'for update'
742                   lock => { type => 'for update' }
743
744               Valid hash keys are:
745
746               columns ARRAYREF
747                   A reference to an array of column names to lock.  The
748                   columns may be prefixed with their table name or their "tN"
749                   alias (e.g., "mytable.mycol" or "t2.mycol") or left
750                   unadorned if they are not ambiguous.  References to scalars
751                   will be de-referenced and used as-is, included literally in
752                   the SQL locking clause.
753
754               nowait BOOL
755                   If true, do not wait to acquire the lock.  If supported,
756                   this is usually by adding a "NOWAIT" directive to the SQL.
757
758               on ARRAYREF
759                   A reference to an array of items to lock.  Depending on the
760                   database, these may be column or tables.  Both column and
761                   table names should be specified using dot-separated
762                   relationship paths.
763
764                   For example, "vendor.region.name" would lock the "name"
765                   column in the table arrived at by traversing the "vendor"
766                   and then the "region" relationships, starting from the
767                   primary table ("t1").  Lone column names may also be used,
768                   provided they're not ambiguous.
769
770                   For locking whole tables, "vendor.region" would lock the
771                   table arrived at by traversing the "vendor" and then the
772                   "region" relationships.  (See the require_objects parameter
773                   for more information on relationship traversal.)
774
775                   Finally, references to scalars will be de-referenced and
776                   used as-is, included literally in the SQL locking clause.
777
778               skip_locked BOOL
779                   If true, skip any locked rows.  If supported, this is
780                   usually by adding a "SKIP LOCKED" clause to the SQL.
781
782               tables ARRAYREF
783                   A reference to an array of tables to lock.  Table named or
784                   "tN" aliases may be used.  References to scalars will be
785                   de-referenced and used as-is, included literally in the SQL
786                   locking clause.
787
788               type TYPE
789                   The type of lock to acquire.  Valid values for TYPE are
790                   "for update" and "shared".  This hash key is required
791                   unless the for_update parameter was passed with a true
792                   value.
793
794               wait TIME
795                   Wait for the specified TIME (generally seconds) before
796                   giving up acquiring the lock. If supported, this is usually
797                   by adding a "WAIT ..." clause to the SQL.
798
799               You may pass only one of the parameters that specifies "what to
800               lock" (i.e., "columns", "on", or "tables").
801
802           nested_joins BOOL
803               This parameter controls whether or not this method will
804               consider using nested JOIN syntax when fetching related
805               objects.  Not all databases support this syntax, and not all
806               queries will use it even in supported databases.  If this
807               parameter is true, the feature will be used when possible.
808
809               The default value is determined by the default_nested_joins
810               class method.
811
812           multi_many_ok BOOL
813               If true, do not print a warning when attempting to do multiple
814               LEFT OUTER JOINs against tables related by "... to many"
815               relationships.  See the documentation for the "with_objects"
816               parameter for more information.
817
818           nonlazy [ BOOL | ARRAYREF ]
819               By default, get_objects will honor all load-on-demand columns
820               when fetching objects.  Use this parameter to override that
821               behavior and select all columns instead.
822
823               If the value is a true boolean value (typically "1"), then all
824               columns will be fetched for all participating classes (i.e.,
825               the main object class as well as any sub-object classes).
826
827               The value can also be a reference to an array of relationship
828               names.  The sub-objects corresponding to each relationship name
829               will have all their columns selected.  To refer to the main
830               class (the "t1" table), use the special name "self".
831
832           object_args HASHREF
833               A reference to a hash of name/value pairs to be passed to the
834               constructor of each "object_class" object fetched, in addition
835               to the values from the database.
836
837           object_class CLASS
838               The name of the Rose::DB::Object-derived objects to be fetched.
839               This parameter is required; a fatal error will occur if it is
840               omitted.  Defaults to the value returned by the object_class
841               class method.
842
843           offset NUM
844               Skip the first NUM rows.  If the database supports some sort of
845               "limit with offset" syntax (e.g., "LIMIT 10 OFFSET 20") then it
846               will be used.  Otherwise, the first NUM rows will be fetched
847               and then discarded.
848
849               This parameter can only be used along with the "limit"
850               parameter, otherwise a fatal error will occur.
851
852           page NUM
853               Show page number NUM of objects.  Pages are numbered starting
854               from 1.  A page number less than or equal to zero causes the
855               page number to default to 1.
856
857               The number of objects per page can be set by the "per_page"
858               parameter.  If the "per_page" parameter is supplied and this
859               parameter is omitted, it defaults to 1 (the first page).
860
861               If this parameter is included along with either of the "limit"
862               or <offset> parameters, a fatal error will occur.
863
864           per_page NUM
865               The number of objects per "page".   Defaults to the value
866               returned by the default_objects_per_page class method (20, by
867               default).
868
869               If this parameter is included along with either of the "limit"
870               or <offset> parameters, a fatal error will occur.
871
872           prepare_cached BOOL
873               If true, then DBI's prepare_cached method will be used (instead
874               of the prepare method) when preparing the SQL statement that
875               will fetch the objects.  If omitted, the default value is
876               determined by the dbi_prepare_cached class method.
877
878           query ARRAYREF
879               The query parameters, passed as a reference to an array of
880               name/value pairs.  These pairs are used to formulate the
881               "where" clause of the SQL query that, in turn, is used to fetch
882               the objects from the database.  Arbitrarily nested boolean
883               logic is supported.
884
885               For the complete list of valid parameter names and values, see
886               the documentation for the "query" parameter of the build_select
887               function in the Rose::DB::Object::QueryBuilder module.
888
889               This class also supports an extension to the query syntax
890               supported by Rose::DB::Object::QueryBuilder.  In addition to
891               table names and aliases, column (or column method) names may be
892               prefixed with foreign key or relationship names.  These names
893               may be chained, with dots (".") separating the components.
894
895               For example, imagine three tables, "products", "vendors", and
896               "regions", fronted by three Rose::DB::Object-derived classes,
897               "Product", "Vendor", and "Region", respectively.  Each
898               "Product" has a "Vendor", and each "Vendor" has a "Region".
899
900               To select only products whose vendors are in the United States,
901               use a query argument like this:
902
903                   query => [ 'vendor.region.name' => 'US' ],
904
905               This assumes that the "Product" class has a relationship or
906               foreign key named "vendor" that points to the product's
907               "Vendor", and that the "Vendor" class has a foreign key or
908               relationship named "region" that points to the vendor's
909               "Region", and that 'vendor.region' (or any foreign key or
910               relationship name chain that begins with 'vendor.region.') is
911               an argument to the "with_objects" or "require_objects"
912               parameters.
913
914               Please note that the "tN" table aliases are not allowed in
915               front of these kinds of chained relationship parameters.  (The
916               chain of relationship names specifies the target table, so any
917               "tN" alias would be redundant at best, or present a conflict at
918               worst.)
919
920           require_objects ARRAYREF
921               Only fetch rows from the primary table that have all of the
922               associated sub-objects listed in ARRAYREF, a reference to an
923               array of foreign key or relationship names defined for
924               "object_class".  The supported relationship types are "one to
925               one," "one to many," and  "many to many".
926
927               For each foreign key or relationship name listed in ARRAYREF,
928               another table will be added to the query via an implicit inner
929               join.  The join conditions will be constructed automatically
930               based on the foreign key or relationship definitions.  Note
931               that each related table must have a Rose::DB::Object-derived
932               class fronting it.
933
934               Foreign key and relationship names may be chained, with dots
935               (".") separating each name.  For example, imagine three tables,
936               "products", "vendors", and "regions", fronted by three
937               Rose::DB::Object-derived classes, "Product", "Vendor", and
938               "Region", respectively.  Each "Product" has a "Vendor", and
939               each "Vendor" has a "Region".
940
941               To fetch "Product"s along with their "Vendor"s, and their
942               vendors' "Region"s, provide a "with_objects" argument like
943               this:
944
945                   require_objects => [ 'vendor.region' ],
946
947               This assumes that the "Product" class has a relationship or
948               foreign key named "vendor" that points to the product's
949               "Vendor", and that the "Vendor" class has a foreign key or
950               relationship named "region" that points to the vendor's
951               "Region".
952
953               This chaining syntax can be used to traverse relationships of
954               any kind, including "one to many" and "many to many"
955               relationships, to an arbitrary depth.
956
957               The following optional suffixes may be added after any name in
958               the chain in order to override the join type used:
959
960                   Suffix    Join Type
961                   ------    ----------
962                   !         Inner join
963                   ?         Left outer join
964
965               Each link in a "require_objects" chain uses an inner join by
966               default.  In other words, the following "require_objects"
967               parameters are all equivalent:
968
969                   # These all mean the same thing
970                   require_objects => [ 'vendor.region'   ]
971                   require_objects => [ 'vendor!.region!' ]
972                   require_objects => [ 'vendor.region!'  ]
973                   require_objects => [ 'vendor!.region'  ]
974
975               Thus, it is only really useful to use the "?" suffix in
976               "require_objects" parameters (though the "!" suffixes don't do
977               any harm).  Here's a useful example of a call with hybrid join
978               chain:
979
980                   $products =
981                     Product::Manager->get_products(
982                       require_objects => [ 'vendor.region?' ]);
983
984               All product objects returned would have associated vendor
985               objects, but those vendor objects may or may not have
986               associated region objects.
987
988               Note that inner joins may be implicit and nested_joins may or
989               may not be used.  When in doubt, use the debug parameter to see
990               the generated SQL.
991
992               Warning: there may be a geometric explosion of redundant data
993               returned by the database if you include more than one "... to
994               many" relationship in ARRAYREF.  Sometimes this may still be
995               more efficient than making additional queries to fetch these
996               sub-objects, but that all depends on the actual data.  A
997               warning will be emitted (via Carp::cluck) if you include more
998               than one "... to many" relationship in ARRAYREF.  If you're
999               sure you know what you're doing, you can silence this warning
1000               by passing the "multi_many_ok" parameter with a true value.
1001
1002               Note: the "require_objects" list currently cannot be used to
1003               simultaneously fetch two objects that both front the same
1004               database table, but are of different classes.  One workaround
1005               is to make one class use a synonym or alias for one of the
1006               tables.  Another option is to make one table a trivial view of
1007               the other.  The objective is to get the table names to be
1008               different for each different class (even if it's just a matter
1009               of letter case, if your database is not case-sensitive when it
1010               comes to table names).
1011
1012           select [ CLAUSE | ARRAYREF ]
1013               Select only the columns specified in either a comma-separated
1014               string of column names or a reference to an array of column
1015               names.  Strings are naively split between each comma.  If you
1016               need more complex parsing, please use the array-reference
1017               argument format instead.
1018
1019               Column names should be prefixed by the appropriate "tN" table
1020               alias, the table name, or the foreign key or relationship name.
1021               The prefix should be joined to the column name with a dot
1022               (".").  Examples: "t2.name", "vendors.age".
1023
1024               Unprefixed columns are assumed to belong to the primary table
1025               ("t1") and are explicitly prefixed as such when selecting from
1026               more than one table.  If a column name matches "/ AS \w+$/"
1027               then no prefix is applied.
1028
1029               If the column name is "*" (e.g., "t1.*") then all columns from
1030               that table are selected.
1031
1032               If an item in the referenced array is itself a reference to a
1033               scalar, then that item will be dereferenced and passed through
1034               unmodified.
1035
1036               If selecting sub-objects via the "with_objects" or
1037               "require_objects" parameters, you must select the primary key
1038               columns from each sub-object table.  Failure to do so will
1039               cause those sub-objects not to be created.
1040
1041               Be warned that you should provide some way to determine which
1042               column or method and which class an item belongs to: a tN
1043               prefix, a column name, or at the very least an "... AS ..."
1044               alias clause.
1045
1046               If any "with_objects" or "require_objects" arguments are
1047               included in this call, the "select" list must include at least
1048               the primary key column(s) from each table that contributes to
1049               the named relationships.
1050
1051               This parameter conflicts with the "fetch_only" parameter.  A
1052               fatal error will occur if both are used in the same call.
1053
1054               If this parameter is omitted, then all columns from all
1055               participating tables are selected (optionally modified by the
1056               "nonlazy" parameter).
1057
1058           share_db BOOL
1059               If true, "db" will be passed to each Rose::DB::Object-derived
1060               object when it is constructed.  Defaults to true.
1061
1062           sort_by [ CLAUSE | ARRAYREF ]
1063               A fully formed SQL "ORDER BY ..." clause, sans the words "ORDER
1064               BY", or a reference to an array of strings or scalar references
1065               to be de-referenced as needed, joined with a comma, and
1066               appended to the "ORDER BY" clause.
1067
1068               If an argument is a reference to a scalar, then it is passed
1069               through to the ORDER BY clause unmodified.
1070
1071               Otherwise, within each string, any instance of "NAME." will be
1072               replaced with the appropriate "tN." table alias, where NAME is
1073               a table, foreign key, or relationship name.  All unprefixed
1074               simple column names are assumed to belong to the primary table
1075               ("t1").
1076
1077               If selecting sub-objects (via "require_objects" or
1078               "with_objects") that are related through "one to many" or "many
1079               to many" relationships, the first condition in the sort order
1080               clause must be a column in the primary table (t1).  If this
1081               condition is not met, the list of primary key columns will be
1082               added to the beginning of the sort order clause automatically.
1083
1084           table_aliases BOOL
1085               When only a single table is used in q auery, this parameter
1086               controls whether or not the "tN" aliases are used.  If the
1087               parameter is not passed, then tables are aliased.  If it is
1088               passed with a false value, then tables are not aliased.  When
1089               more than one table participates in a query, the "tN" table
1090               aliases are always used and this option is ignored.
1091
1092           unique_aliases BOOL
1093               If true, and if there is no explicit value for the "select"
1094               parameter and more than one table is participating in the
1095               query, then each selected column will be given a unique alias
1096               by prefixing it with its table alias and an underscore.  The
1097               default value is false.  Example:
1098
1099                   SELECT
1100                     t1.id    AS t1_id,
1101                     t1.name  AS t1_name,
1102                     t2.id    AS t2_id,
1103                     t2.name  AS t2_name
1104                   FROM
1105                     foo AS t1,
1106                     bar AS t2
1107                   WHERE
1108                     ...
1109
1110               These unique aliases provide a technique of last resort for
1111               unambiguously addressing a column in a query clause.
1112
1113           where ARRAYREF
1114               This is an alias for the "query" parameter (see above).
1115
1116           with_map_records [ BOOL | METHOD | HASHREF ]
1117               When fetching related objects through a "many to many"
1118               relationship, objects of the map class are not retrieved by
1119               default.  Use this parameter to override the default behavior.
1120
1121               If the value is "1", then each object fetched through a mapping
1122               table will have its associated map record available through a
1123               "map_record()" attribute.
1124
1125               If a method name is provided instead, then each object fetched
1126               through a mapping table will have its associated map record
1127               available through a method of that name.
1128
1129               If the value is a reference to a hash, then the keys of the
1130               hash should be "many to many" relationship names, and the
1131               values should be the method names through which the maps
1132               records will be available for each relationship.
1133
1134           with_objects ARRAYREF
1135               Also fetch sub-objects (if any) associated with rows in the
1136               primary table based on a reference to an array of foreign key
1137               or relationship names defined for "object_class".  The
1138               supported relationship types are "one to one," "one to many,"
1139               and  "many to many".
1140
1141               For each foreign key or relationship name listed in ARRAYREF,
1142               another table will be added to the query via an explicit LEFT
1143               OUTER JOIN.  (Foreign keys whose columns are all NOT NULL are
1144               the exception, however.  They are always fetched via inner
1145               joins.)   The join conditions will be constructed automatically
1146               based on the foreign key or relationship definitions.  Note
1147               that each related table must have a Rose::DB::Object-derived
1148               class fronting it.  See the synopsis for an example.
1149
1150               "Many to many" relationships are a special case.  They will add
1151               two tables to the query (the "map" table plus the table with
1152               the actual data), which will offset the "tN" table numbering by
1153               one extra table.
1154
1155               Foreign key and relationship names may be chained, with dots
1156               (".") separating each name.  For example, imagine three tables,
1157               "products", "vendors", and "regions", fronted by three
1158               Rose::DB::Object-derived classes, "Product", "Vendor", and
1159               "Region", respectively.  Each "Product" has a "Vendor", and
1160               each "Vendor" has a "Region".
1161
1162               To fetch "Product"s along with their "Vendor"s, and their
1163               vendors' "Region"s, provide a "with_objects" argument like
1164               this:
1165
1166                   with_objects => [ 'vendor.region' ],
1167
1168               This assumes that the "Product" class has a relationship or
1169               foreign key named "vendor" that points to the product's
1170               "Vendor", and that the "Vendor" class has a foreign key or
1171               relationship named "region" that points to the vendor's
1172               "Region".
1173
1174               This chaining syntax can be used to traverse relationships of
1175               any kind, including "one to many" and "many to many"
1176               relationships, to an arbitrary depth.
1177
1178               The following optional suffixes may be added after any name in
1179               the chain in order to override the join type used:
1180
1181                   Suffix    Join Type
1182                   ------    ----------
1183                   !         Inner join
1184                   ?         Left outer join
1185
1186               Each link in a "with_objects" chain uses a left outer join by
1187               default.  In other words, the following "with_objects"
1188               parameters are all equivalent:
1189
1190                   # These all mean the same thing
1191                   with_objects => [ 'vendor.region'   ]
1192                   with_objects => [ 'vendor?.region?' ]
1193                   with_objects => [ 'vendor.region?'  ]
1194                   with_objects => [ 'vendor?.region'  ]
1195
1196               Thus, it is only really useful to use the "!" suffix in
1197               "with_objects" parameters (though the "?" suffixes don't do any
1198               harm).  Here's a useful example of a call with hybrid join
1199               chain:
1200
1201                   $products =
1202                     Product::Manager->get_products(
1203                       with_objects => [ 'vendor!.region' ]);
1204
1205               All product objects returned would have associated vendor
1206               objects, but those vendor object may or may not have associated
1207               region objects.
1208
1209               Note that inner joins may be implicit and nested_joins may or
1210               may not be used.  When in doubt, use the debug parameter to see
1211               the generated SQL.
1212
1213               Warning: there may be a geometric explosion of redundant data
1214               returned by the database if you include more than one "... to
1215               many" relationship in ARRAYREF.  Sometimes this may still be
1216               more efficient than making additional queries to fetch these
1217               sub-objects, but that all depends on the actual data.  A
1218               warning will be emitted (via Carp::cluck) if you include more
1219               than one "... to many" relationship in ARRAYREF.  If you're
1220               sure you know what you're doing, you can silence this warning
1221               by passing the "multi_many_ok" parameter with a true value.
1222
1223               Note: the "with_objects" list currently cannot be used to
1224               simultaneously fetch two objects that both front the same
1225               database table, but are of different classes.  One workaround
1226               is to make one class use a synonym or alias for one of the
1227               tables.  Another option is to make one table a trivial view of
1228               the other.  The objective is to get the table names to be
1229               different for each different class (even if it's just a matter
1230               of letter case, if your database is not case-sensitive when it
1231               comes to table names).
1232
1233       get_objects_count [PARAMS]
1234           Accepts the same arguments as get_objects, but just returns the
1235           number of objects that would have been fetched, or undef if there
1236           was an error.
1237
1238       get_objects_from_sql [ SQL | PARAMS ]
1239           Fetch objects using a custom SQL query.  Pass either a single SQL
1240           query string or name/value parameters as arguments.  Valid
1241           parameters are:
1242
1243           args ARRAYREF
1244               A reference to an array of arguments to be passed to DBI's
1245               execute method when the query is run.  The number of items in
1246               this array must exactly match the number of placeholders in the
1247               SQL query.
1248
1249           db DB
1250               A Rose::DB-derived object used to access the database.  If
1251               omitted, one will be created by calling the init_db method of
1252               the "object_class".
1253
1254           object_class CLASS
1255               The class name of the Rose::DB::Object-derived objects to be
1256               fetched.  Defaults to the value returned by the object_class
1257               class method.
1258
1259           prepare_cached BOOL
1260               If true, then DBI's prepare_cached method will be used (instead
1261               of the prepare method) when preparing the SQL statement that
1262               will fetch the objects.  If omitted, the default value is
1263               determined by the dbi_prepare_cached class method.
1264
1265           prepare_options HASHREF
1266               A reference to a hash of attributes to be passed to DBI's
1267               prepare or prepare_cached method when preparing the SQL
1268               statement.
1269
1270           share_db BOOL
1271               If true, "db" will be passed to each Rose::DB::Object-derived
1272               object when it is constructed.  Defaults to true.
1273
1274           sql SQL
1275               The SQL query string.  This parameter is required.
1276
1277           Each column returned by the SQL query must be either a column or
1278           method name in "object_class".  Column names take precedence in the
1279           case of a conflict.
1280
1281           Returns a reference to an array of "object_class" objects.
1282
1283           Examples:
1284
1285               package Product::Manager;
1286               use Product;
1287               use base 'Rose::DB::Object::Manager';
1288               sub object_class { 'Product' }
1289               ...
1290
1291               $products = Product::Manager->get_objects_from_sql(<<"EOF");
1292               SELECT * FROM products WHERE sku % 2 != 0 ORDER BY status, type
1293               EOF
1294
1295               $products =
1296                 Product::Manager->get_objects_from_sql(
1297                   args => [ '2005-01-01' ],
1298                   sql  => 'SELECT * FROM products WHERE release_date > ?');
1299
1300       get_objects_iterator [PARAMS]
1301           Accepts any valid get_objects arguments, but return a
1302           Rose::DB::Object::Iterator object, or undef if there was an error.
1303
1304       get_objects_iterator_from_sql [PARAMS]
1305           Accepts any valid get_objects_from_sql arguments, but return a
1306           Rose::DB::Object::Iterator object, or undef if there was an error.
1307
1308       get_objects_sql [PARAMS]
1309           Accepts the same arguments as get_objects, but return the SQL query
1310           string that would have been used to fetch the objects (in scalar
1311           context), or the SQL query string and a reference to an array of
1312           bind values (in list context).
1313
1314       make_manager_methods PARAMS
1315           Create convenience wrappers for Rose::DB::Object::Manager's
1316           get_objects, get_objects_iterator, and get_objects_count class
1317           methods in the target class.  These wrapper methods will not
1318           overwrite any existing methods in the target class.  If there is an
1319           existing method with the same name, a fatal error will occur.
1320
1321           PARAMS can take several forms, depending on the calling context.
1322           For a call to make_manager_methods to succeed, the following
1323           information must be determined:
1324
1325           ·   object class
1326
1327               The class of the Rose::DB::Object-derived objects to be fetched
1328               or counted.
1329
1330           ·   base name or method name
1331
1332               The base name is a string used as the basis of the method
1333               names.  For example, the base name "products" might be used to
1334               create methods named "get_products", "get_products_count",
1335               "get_products_iterator", "delete_products", and
1336               "update_products".
1337
1338               In the absence of a base name, an explicit method name may be
1339               provided instead.  The method name will be used as is.
1340
1341           ·   method types
1342
1343               The types of methods that should be generated.  Each method
1344               type is a wrapper for a Rose::DB::Object::Manager class method.
1345               The mapping of method type names to actual
1346               Rose::DB::Object::Manager class methods defaults to the
1347               following:
1348
1349                   Type        Method
1350                   --------    ----------------------
1351                   objects     get_objects()
1352                   iterator    get_objects_iterator()
1353                   count       get_objects_count()
1354                   delete      delete_objects()
1355                   update      update_objects()
1356
1357               You may override the auto_manager_method_name method in the
1358               object_class's convention manager class to customize one or
1359               more of these names.
1360
1361           ·   target class
1362
1363               The class that the methods should be installed in.
1364
1365           Here are all of the different ways that each of those pieces of
1366           information can be provided, either implicitly or explicitly as
1367           part of PARAMS.
1368
1369           ·   object class
1370
1371               If an "object_class" parameter is passed in PARAMS, then its
1372               value is used as the object class.  Example:
1373
1374                   $class->make_manager_methods(object_class => 'Product', ...);
1375
1376               If the "object_class" parameter is not passed, and if the
1377               target class inherits from Rose::DB::Object::Manager and has
1378               also defined an "object_class" method, then the return value of
1379               that method is used as the object class.  Example:
1380
1381                 package Product::Manager;
1382
1383                 use Rose::DB::Object::Manager;
1384                 our @ISA = qw(Rose::DB::Object::Manager);
1385
1386                 sub object_class { 'Product' }
1387
1388                 # Assume object_class parameter is not part of the ... below
1389                 __PACKAGE__->make_manager_methods(...);
1390
1391               In this case, the object class would be "Product".
1392
1393               Finally, if none of the above conditions are met, one final
1394               option is considered.  If the target class inherits from
1395               Rose::DB::Object, then the object class is set to the target
1396               class.
1397
1398               If the object class cannot be determined in one of the ways
1399               described above, then a fatal error will occur.
1400
1401           ·   base name or method name
1402
1403               If a "base_name" parameter is passed in PARAMS, then its value
1404               is used as the base name for the generated methods.  Example:
1405
1406                   $class->make_manager_methods(base_name => 'products', ...);
1407
1408               If the "base_name" parameter is not passed, and if there is
1409               only one argument passed to the method, then the lone argument
1410               is used as the base name.  Example:
1411
1412                   $class->make_manager_methods('products');
1413
1414               (Note that, since the object class must be derived somehow,
1415               this will only work in one of the situations (described above)
1416               where the object class can be derived from the calling context
1417               or class.)
1418
1419               If a "methods" parameter is passed with a hash ref value, then
1420               each key of the hash is used as the base name for the method
1421               types listed in the corresponding value.  (See method types
1422               below for more information.)
1423
1424               If a key of the "methods" hash ends in "()", then it is taken
1425               as the method name and is used as is.  For example, the key
1426               "foo" will be used as a base name, but the key "foo()" will be
1427               used as a method name.
1428
1429               If the base name cannot be determined in one of the ways
1430               described above, then the auto_manager_base_name method in the
1431               object_class's convention manager is called on to supply a base
1432               name.
1433
1434           ·   method types
1435
1436               If an explicit list of method types is not passed to the
1437               method, then all of the default_manager_method_types are
1438               created.  Example:
1439
1440                   # Base name is determined by convention manager auto_manager_base_name()
1441                   # method, all default method types created
1442                   $class->make_manager_methods();
1443
1444                   # Base name is "products", all default method types created
1445                   $class->make_manager_methods('products');
1446
1447                   # Base name is "products", all default method types created
1448                   $class->make_manager_methods(base_name => products', ...);
1449
1450               (Again, note that the object class must be derived somehow.)
1451
1452               If a "methods" parameter is passed, then its value must be a
1453               reference to a hash whose keys are base names or method names,
1454               and whose values are method types or references to arrays of
1455               method types.
1456
1457               If a key ends in "()", then it is taken as a method name and is
1458               used as is.  Otherwise, it is used as a base name.  For
1459               example, the key "foo" will be used as a base name, but the key
1460               "foo()" will be used as a method name.
1461
1462               If a key is a method name and its value specifies more than one
1463               method type, then a fatal error will occur.  (It's impossible
1464               to have more than one method with the same name.)
1465
1466               Example:
1467
1468                   # Make the following methods:
1469                   #
1470                   # * Base name: products; method types: objects, iterators
1471                   #
1472                   #     get_products()
1473                   #     get_products_iterator()
1474                   #
1475                   # * Method name: product_count; method type: count
1476                   #
1477                   #     product_count()
1478                   #
1479                   $class->make_manager_methods(...,
1480                     methods =>
1481                     {
1482                       'products'        => [ qw(objects iterator) ],
1483                       'product_count()' => 'count'
1484                     });
1485
1486               If the value of the "methods" parameter is not a reference to a
1487               hash, or if both the "methods" and "base_name" parameters are
1488               passed, then a fatal error will occur.
1489
1490           ·   target class
1491
1492               If a "target_class" parameter is passed in PARAMS, then its
1493               value is used as the target class.  Example:
1494
1495                   $class->make_manager_methods(target_class => 'Product', ...);
1496
1497               If a "target_class" parameter is not passed, and if the calling
1498               class is not Rose::DB::Object::Manager, then the calling class
1499               is used as the target class.  Otherwise, the class from which
1500               the method was called is used as the target class.  Examples:
1501
1502                   # Target class is Product, regardless of the calling
1503                   # context or the value of $class
1504                   $class->make_manager_methods(target_class => 'Product', ...);
1505
1506                   package Foo;
1507
1508                   # Target class is Foo: no target_class parameter is passed
1509                   # and the calling class is Rose::DB::Object::Manager, so
1510                   # the class from which the method was called (Foo) is used.
1511                   Rose::DB::Object::Manager->make_manager_methods(
1512                     object_class => 'Bar',
1513                     base_name    => 'Baz');
1514
1515                   package Bar;
1516
1517                   # Target class is Foo: no target_class parameter is passed
1518                   # and the calling class is not Rose::DB::Object::Manager,
1519                   # so the calling class (Foo) is used.
1520                   Foo->make_manager_methods(object_class => 'Bar',
1521                                             base_name    => 'Baz');
1522
1523           There's a lot of flexibility in this method's arguments (although
1524           some might use the word "confusion" instead), but the examples can
1525           be pared down to a few common usage scenarios.
1526
1527           The first is the recommended technique, as seen in the synopsis.
1528           Create a separate manager class that inherits from
1529           Rose::DB::Object::Manager, override the "object_class" method to
1530           specify the class of the objects being fetched, and then pass a
1531           lone base name argument to the call to make_manager_methods.
1532
1533             package Product::Manager;
1534
1535             use Rose::DB::Object::Manager;
1536             our @ISA = qw(Rose::DB::Object::Manager);
1537
1538             sub object_class { 'Product' }
1539
1540             __PACKAGE__->make_manager_methods('products');
1541
1542           The second example is used to install object manager methods
1543           directly into a Rose::DB::Object-derived class.  I do not recommend
1544           this practice; I consider it "semantically impure" for the class
1545           that represents a single object to also be the class that's used to
1546           fetch multiple objects.  Inevitably, classes grow, and I'd like the
1547           "object manager" class to be separate from the object class itself
1548           so they can grow happily in isolation, with no potential clashes.
1549
1550           Also, keep in mind that Rose::DB::Object and
1551           Rose::DB::Object::Manager have separate error_mode settings which
1552           must be synchronized or otherwise dealt with.  Another advantage of
1553           using a separate Rose::DB::Object::Manager subclass (as described
1554           earlier) is that you can override the error_mode in your
1555           Rose::DB::Object::Manager subclass only, rather than overriding the
1556           base class Rose::DB::Object::Manager error_mode, which may affect
1557           other classes.
1558
1559           If none of that dissuades you, here's how to do it:
1560
1561             package Product;
1562
1563             use Rose::DB::Object:;
1564             our @ISA = qw(Rose::DB::Object);
1565
1566             __PACKAGE__->make_manager_methods('products');
1567
1568           Finally, sometimes you don't want or need to use
1569           make_manager_methods at all.  In fact, this method did not exist in
1570           earlier versions of this module.  The formerly recommended way to
1571           use this class is  still perfectly valid: subclass it and then call
1572           through to the base class methods.
1573
1574             package Product::Manager;
1575
1576             use Rose::DB::Object::Manager;
1577             our @ISA = qw(Rose::DB::Object::Manager);
1578
1579             sub get_products
1580             {
1581               shift->get_objects(object_class => 'Product', @_);
1582             }
1583
1584             sub get_products_iterator
1585             {
1586               shift->get_objects_iterator(object_class => 'Product', @_);
1587             }
1588
1589             sub get_products_count
1590             {
1591               shift->get_objects_count(object_class => 'Product', @_);
1592             }
1593
1594             sub delete_products
1595             {
1596               shift->delete_objects(object_class => 'Product', @_);
1597             }
1598
1599             sub update_products
1600             {
1601               shift->update_objects(object_class => 'Product', @_);
1602             }
1603
1604           Of course, these methods will all look very similar in each
1605           Rose::DB::Object::Manager-derived class.  Creating these
1606           identically structured methods is exactly what make_manager_methods
1607           automates for you.
1608
1609           But sometimes you want to customize these methods, in which case
1610           the "longhand" technique above becomes essential.  For example,
1611           imagine that we want to extend the code in the synopsis, adding
1612           support for a "with_categories" parameter to the "get_products()"
1613           method.
1614
1615             Product::Manager->get_products(date_created    => '10/21/2001',
1616                                            with_categories => 1);
1617
1618             ...
1619
1620             sub get_products
1621             {
1622               my($class, %args) @_;
1623
1624               if(delete $args{'with_categories'}) # boolean flag
1625               {
1626                 push(@{$args{'with_objects'}}, 'category');
1627               }
1628
1629               Rose::DB::Object::Manager->get_objects(
1630                 %args, object_class => 'Product')
1631             }
1632
1633           Here we've coerced the caller-friendly "with_categories" boolean
1634           flag parameter into the "with_objects => [ 'category' ]" pair that
1635           Rose::DB::Object::Manager's get_objects method can understand.
1636
1637           This is the typical evolution of an object manager method.  It
1638           starts out as being auto-generated by make_manager_methods, then
1639           becomes customized as new arguments are added.
1640
1641       make_manager_method_from_sql [ NAME => SQL | PARAMS ]
1642           Create a class method in the calling class that will fetch objects
1643           using a custom SQL query.  The method created will return a
1644           reference to an array of objects or a Rose::DB::Object::Iterator
1645           object, depending on whether the "iterator" parameter is set (see
1646           below).
1647
1648           Pass either a method name and an SQL query string or name/value
1649           parameters as arguments.  Valid parameters are:
1650
1651           iterator BOOL
1652               If true, the method created will return a
1653               Rose::DB::Object::Iterator object.
1654
1655           object_class CLASS
1656               The class name of the Rose::DB::Object-derived objects to be
1657               fetched.  Defaults to the value returned by the object_class
1658               class method.
1659
1660           params ARRAYREF
1661               To allow the method that will be created to accept named
1662               parameters (name/value pairs) instead of positional parameters,
1663               provide a reference to an array of parameter names in the order
1664               that they should be passed to the call to DBI's execute method.
1665
1666           method NAME
1667               The name of the method to be created.  This parameter is
1668               required.
1669
1670           prepare_cached BOOL
1671               If true, then DBI's prepare_cached method will be used (instead
1672               of the prepare method) when preparing the SQL statement that
1673               will fetch the objects.  If omitted, the default value is
1674               determined by the dbi_prepare_cached class method.
1675
1676           share_db BOOL
1677               If true, "db" will be passed to each Rose::DB::Object-derived
1678               object when it is constructed.  Defaults to true.
1679
1680           sql SQL
1681               The SQL query string.  This parameter is required.
1682
1683           Each column returned by the SQL query must be either a column or
1684           method name in "object_class".  Column names take precedence in the
1685           case of a conflict.
1686
1687           Arguments passed to the created method will be passed to DBI's
1688           execute method when the query is run.  The number of arguments must
1689           exactly match the number of placeholders in the SQL query.
1690           Positional parameters are required unless the "params" parameter is
1691           used.  (See description above.)
1692
1693           Returns a code reference to the method created.
1694
1695           Examples:
1696
1697               package Product::Manager;
1698
1699               use base 'Rose::DB::Object::Manager';
1700               ...
1701
1702               # Make method that takes no arguments
1703               __PACKAGE__->make_manager_method_from_sql(get_odd_products =><<"EOF");
1704               SELECT * FROM products WHERE sku % 2 != 0
1705               EOF
1706
1707               # Make method that takes one positional parameter
1708               __PACKAGE__->make_manager_method_from_sql(get_new_products =><<"EOF");
1709               SELECT * FROM products WHERE release_date > ?
1710               EOF
1711
1712               # Make method that takes named parameters
1713               __PACKAGE__->make_manager_method_from_sql(
1714                 method => 'get_named_products',
1715                 params => [ qw(type name) ],
1716                 sql    => <<"EOF");
1717               SELECT * FROM products WHERE type = ? AND name LIKE ?
1718               EOF
1719
1720               ...
1721
1722               $products = Product::Manager->get_odd_products();
1723
1724               $products = Product::Manager->get_new_products('2005-01-01');
1725
1726               $products =
1727                 Product::Manager->get_named_products(
1728                   name => 'Kite%',
1729                   type => 'toy');
1730
1731               # Make method that takes named parameters and returns an iterator
1732               __PACKAGE__->make_manager_method_from_sql(
1733                 method   => 'get_named_products_iterator',
1734                 iterator => 1,
1735                 params   => [ qw(type name) ],
1736                 sql      => <<"EOF");
1737               SELECT * FROM products WHERE type = ? AND name LIKE ?
1738               EOF
1739
1740               $iterator =
1741                 Product::Manager->get_named_products_iterator(
1742                   name => 'Kite%',
1743                   type => 'toy');
1744
1745               while(my $product = $iterator->next)
1746               {
1747                 ... # do something with $product
1748
1749                 $iterator->finish  if(...); # finish early?
1750               }
1751
1752       normalize_get_objects_args [ARGS]
1753           This method takes ARGS in the forms accepted by get_objects (and
1754           other similar methods) and normalizes them into name/value pairs.
1755           Since get_objects can take arguments in many forms, this method is
1756           useful when overriding get_objects in a custom
1757           Rose::DB::Object::Manager subclass.  Example:
1758
1759               package Product::Manager;
1760
1761               use base 'Rose::DB::Object::Manager';
1762
1763               use Product;
1764
1765               sub object_class { 'Product' }
1766               ...
1767
1768               sub get_products
1769               {
1770                 my($class, %args) = shift->normalize_get_objects_args(@_);
1771
1772                 # Detect, extract, and handle custom argument
1773                 if(delete $args{'active_only'})
1774                 {
1775                   push(@{$args{'query'}}, status => 'active');
1776                 }
1777
1778                 return $class->get_objects(%args); # call through to normal method
1779               }
1780
1781           Now all of the following calls will work:
1782
1783               $products =
1784                 Product::Manager->get_products([ type => 'boat' ], sort_by => 'name');
1785
1786               $products =
1787                 Product::Manager->get_products({ name => { like => '%Dog%' } });
1788
1789               $products =
1790                 Product::Manager->get_products([ id => { gt => 123 } ], active_only => 1);
1791
1792       object_class
1793           Returns the class name of the Rose::DB::Object-derived objects to
1794           be managed by this class.  Override this method in your subclass.
1795           The default implementation returns undef.
1796
1797       perl_class_definition
1798           Attempts to create the Perl source code that is equivalent to the
1799           current class.  This works best for classes created via
1800           Rose::DB::Object::Metadata's make_manager_class method, but it will
1801           also work most of the time for classes whose methods were created
1802           using make_manager_methods.
1803
1804           The Perl code is returned as a string.  Here's an example:
1805
1806             package My::Product::Manager;
1807
1808             use My::Product;
1809
1810             use Rose::DB::Object::Manager;
1811             our @ISA = qw(Rose::DB::Object::Manager);
1812
1813             sub object_class { 'My::Product' }
1814
1815             __PACKAGE__->make_manager_methods('products');
1816
1817             1;
1818
1819       update_objects [PARAMS]
1820           Update rows in a table fronted by a Rose::DB::Object-derived class
1821           based on PARAMS, where PARAMS are name/value pairs.  Returns the
1822           number of rows updated, or undef if there was an error.
1823
1824           Valid parameters are:
1825
1826           all BOOL
1827               If set to a true value, this parameter indicates an explicit
1828               request to update all rows in the table.  If both the "all" and
1829               the "where" parameters are passed, a fatal error will occur.
1830
1831           db DB
1832               A Rose::DB-derived object used to access the database.  If
1833               omitted, one will be created by calling the init_db method of
1834               the "object_class".
1835
1836           object_class CLASS
1837               The class name of the Rose::DB::Object-derived class that
1838               fronts the table whose rows will to be updated.  This parameter
1839               is required; a fatal error will occur if it is omitted.
1840               Defaults to the value returned by the object_class class
1841               method.
1842
1843           set PARAMS
1844               The names and values of the columns to be updated.  PARAMS
1845               should be a reference to a hash.  Each key of the hash should
1846               be a column name or column get/set method name.  If a value is
1847               a simple scalar, then it is passed through the get/set method
1848               that services the column before being incorporated into the SQL
1849               query.
1850
1851               If a value is a reference to a scalar, then it is dereferenced
1852               and incorporated into the SQL query as-is.
1853
1854               If a value is a reference to a hash, then it must contain a
1855               single key named "sql" and a corresponding value that will be
1856               incorporated into the SQL query as-is.
1857
1858               Example:
1859
1860                 $num_rows_updated =
1861                   Product::Manager->update_products(
1862                     set =>
1863                     {
1864                       end_date   => DateTime->now,
1865                       region_num => { sql => 'region_num * -1' }
1866                       count      => \q(count + 1),
1867                       status     => 'defunct',
1868                     },
1869                     where =>
1870                     [
1871                       status  => [ 'stale', 'old' ],
1872                       name    => { like => 'Wax%' }
1873                       or =>
1874                       [
1875                         start_date => { gt => '2008-12-30' },
1876                         end_date   => { gt => 'now' },
1877                       ],
1878                     ]);
1879
1880               The call above would execute an SQL statement something like
1881               the one shown below (depending on the database vendor, and
1882               assuming the current date was September 20th, 2005):
1883
1884                   UPDATE products SET
1885                     end_date   = '2005-09-20',
1886                     region_num = region_num * -1,
1887                     count      = count + 1,
1888                     status     = 'defunct'
1889                   WHERE
1890                     status IN ('stale', 'old') AND
1891                     name LIKE 'Wax%' AND
1892                     (
1893                       start_date > '2008-12-30' OR
1894                       end_date   > '2005-09-20'
1895                     )
1896
1897           where PARAMS
1898               The query parameters, passed as a reference to an array of
1899               name/value pairs.  These PARAMS are used to formulate the
1900               "where" clause of the SQL query that is used to update the rows
1901               in the table.  Arbitrarily nested boolean logic is supported.
1902
1903               For the complete list of valid parameter names and values, see
1904               the documentation for the "query" parameter of the build_select
1905               function in the Rose::DB::Object::QueryBuilder module.
1906
1907               If this parameter is omitted, this method will refuse to update
1908               all rows in the table and a fatal error will occur.  To update
1909               all rows in a table, you must pass the "all" parameter with a
1910               true value.  If both the "all" and the "where" parameters are
1911               passed, a fatal error will occur.
1912
1913       strict_ops [BOOL]
1914           Get or set a boolean value that indicates whether using a
1915           comparison operator in the "query" that is not listed in the
1916           Rose::DB::Object::QueryBuilder documentation will cause a fatal
1917           error.  The default value is false.
1918

SUPPORT

1920       For an informal overview of Rose::DB::Object, including
1921       Rose::DB::Object::Manager, consult the Rose::DB::Object::Tutorial.
1922
1923           perldoc Rose::DB::Object::Tutorial
1924
1925       Any Rose::DB::Object::Manager questions or problems can be posted to
1926       the Rose::DB::Object mailing list.  To subscribe to the list or view
1927       the archives, go here:
1928
1929       <http://groups.google.com/group/rose-db-object>
1930
1931       Although the mailing list is the preferred support mechanism, you can
1932       also email the author (see below) or file bugs using the CPAN bug
1933       tracking system:
1934
1935       <http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=Rose-DB-Object>
1936
1937       There's also a wiki and other resources linked from the Rose project
1938       home page:
1939
1940       <http://rosecode.org>
1941

AUTHOR

1943       John C. Siracusa (siracusa@gmail.com)
1944

LICENSE

1946       Copyright (c) 2010 by John C. Siracusa.  All rights reserved.  This
1947       program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
1948       under the same terms as Perl itself.
1949
1950
1951
1952perl v5.28.1                      2015-03-18      Rose::DB::Object::Manager(3)
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