1PROVE(1) User Contributed Perl Documentation PROVE(1)
2
6 prove - Run tests through a TAP harness.
7
9 prove [options] [files or directories]
10
12 Boolean options:
13 -v, --verbose Print all test lines.
15 -l, --lib Add 'lib' to the path for your tests (-Ilib).
16 -b, --blib Add 'blib/lib' and 'blib/arch' to the path for
17 your tests
18 -s, --shuffle Run the tests in random order.
19 -c, --color Colored test output (default).
20 --nocolor Do not color test output.
21 --count Show the X/Y test count when not verbose
22 (default)
23 --nocount Disable the X/Y test count.
24 -D --dry Dry run. Show test that would have run.
25 -f, --failures Show failed tests.
26 -o, --comments Show comments.
27 --ignore-exit Ignore exit status from test scripts.
28 -m, --merge Merge test scripts' STDERR with their STDOUT.
29 -r, --recurse Recursively descend into directories.
30 --reverse Run the tests in reverse order.
31 -q, --quiet Suppress some test output while running tests.
32 -Q, --QUIET Only print summary results.
33 -p, --parse Show full list of TAP parse errors, if any.
34 --directives Only show results with TODO or SKIP directives.
35 --timer Print elapsed time after each test.
36 --trap Trap Ctrl-C and print summary on interrupt.
37 --normalize Normalize TAP output in verbose output
38 -T Enable tainting checks.
39 -t Enable tainting warnings.
40 -W Enable fatal warnings.
41 -w Enable warnings.
42 -h, --help Display this help
43 -?, Display this help
44 -V, --version Display the version
45 -H, --man Longer manpage for prove
46 --norc Don't process default .proverc
47 Options that take arguments:
49 -I Library paths to include.
51 -P Load plugin (searches App::Prove::Plugin::*.)
52 -M Load a module.
53 -e, --exec Interpreter to run the tests ('' for compiled
54 tests.)
55 --ext Set the extension for tests (default '.t')
56 --harness Define test harness to use. See TAP::Harness.
57 --formatter Result formatter to use. See FORMATTERS.
58 --source Load and/or configure a SourceHandler. See
59 SOURCE HANDLERS.
60 -a, --archive out.tgz Store the resulting TAP in an archive file.
61 -j, --jobs N Run N test jobs in parallel (try 9.)
62 --state=opts Control prove's persistent state.
63 --statefile=file Use `file` instead of `.prove` for state
64 --rc=rcfile Process options from rcfile
65 --rules Rules for parallel vs sequential processing.
66
68 .proverc
69 If ~/.proverc or ./.proverc exist they will be read and any options
70 they contain processed before the command line options. Options in
71 .proverc are specified in the same way as command line options:
72 # .proverc
74 --state=hot,fast,save
75 -j9
76 Additional option files may be specified with the "--rc" option.
78 Default option file processing is disabled by the "--norc" option.
79 Under Windows and VMS the option file is named _proverc rather than
81 .proverc and is sought only in the current directory.
82 Reading from "STDIN"
84 If you have a list of tests (or URLs, or anything else you want to
85 test) in a file, you can add them to your tests by using a '-':
86 prove - < my_list_of_things_to_test.txt
88 See the "README" in the "examples" directory of this distribution.
90 Default Test Directory
92 If no files or directories are supplied, "prove" looks for all files
93 matching the pattern "t/*.t".
94 Colored Test Output
96 Colored test output using TAP::Formatter::Color is the default, but if
97 output is not to a terminal, color is disabled. You can override this
98 by adding the "--color" switch.
99 Color support requires Term::ANSIColor and, on windows platforms, also
101 Win32::Console::ANSI. If the necessary module(s) are not installed
102 colored output will not be available.
103 Exit Code
105 If the tests fail "prove" will exit with non-zero status.
106 Arguments to Tests
108 It is possible to supply arguments to tests. To do so separate them
109 from prove's own arguments with the arisdottle, '::'. For example
110 prove -v t/mytest.t :: --url http://example.com
112 would run t/mytest.t with the options '--url http://example.com'. When
114 running multiple tests they will each receive the same arguments.
115 "--exec"
117 Normally you can just pass a list of Perl tests and the harness will
118 know how to execute them. However, if your tests are not written in
119 Perl or if you want all tests invoked exactly the same way, use the
120 "-e", or "--exec" switch:
121 prove --exec '/usr/bin/ruby -w' t/
123 prove --exec '/usr/bin/perl -Tw -mstrict -Ilib' t/
124 prove --exec '/path/to/my/customer/exec'
125 "--merge"
127 If you need to make sure your diagnostics are displayed in the correct
128 order relative to test results you can use the "--merge" option to
129 merge the test scripts' STDERR into their STDOUT.
130 This guarantees that STDOUT (where the test results appear) and STDERR
132 (where the diagnostics appear) will stay in sync. The harness will
133 display any diagnostics your tests emit on STDERR.
134 Caveat: this is a bit of a kludge. In particular note that if anything
136 that appears on STDERR looks like a test result the test harness will
137 get confused. Use this option only if you understand the consequences
138 and can live with the risk.
139 "--trap"
141 The "--trap" option will attempt to trap SIGINT (Ctrl-C) during a test
142 run and display the test summary even if the run is interrupted
143 "--state"
145 You can ask "prove" to remember the state of previous test runs and
146 select and/or order the tests to be run based on that saved state.
147 The "--state" switch requires an argument which must be a comma
149 separated list of one or more of the following options.
150 "last"
152 Run the same tests as the last time the state was saved. This makes
153 it possible, for example, to recreate the ordering of a shuffled
154 test.
155 # Run all tests in random order
157 $ prove -b --state=save --shuffle
158 # Run them again in the same order
160 $ prove -b --state=last
161 "failed"
163 Run only the tests that failed on the last run.
164 # Run all tests
166 $ prove -b --state=save
167 # Run failures
169 $ prove -b --state=failed
170 If you also specify the "save" option newly passing tests will be
172 excluded from subsequent runs.
173 # Repeat until no more failures
175 $ prove -b --state=failed,save
176 "passed"
178 Run only the passed tests from last time. Useful to make sure that
179 no new problems have been introduced.
180 "all"
182 Run all tests in normal order. Multple options may be specified, so
183 to run all tests with the failures from last time first:
184 $ prove -b --state=failed,all,save
186 "hot"
188 Run the tests that most recently failed first. The last failure
189 time of each test is stored. The "hot" option causes tests to be
190 run in most-recent- failure order.
191 $ prove -b --state=hot,save
193 Tests that have never failed will not be selected. To run all tests
195 with the most recently failed first use
196 $ prove -b --state=hot,all,save
198 This combination of options may also be specified thus
200 $ prove -b --state=adrian
202 "todo"
204 Run any tests with todos.
205 "slow"
207 Run the tests in slowest to fastest order. This is useful in
208 conjunction with the "-j" parallel testing switch to ensure that
209 your slowest tests start running first.
210 $ prove -b --state=slow -j9
212 "fast"
214 Run test tests in fastest to slowest order.
215 "new"
217 Run the tests in newest to oldest order based on the modification
218 times of the test scripts.
219 "old"
221 Run the tests in oldest to newest order.
222 "fresh"
224 Run those test scripts that have been modified since the last test
225 run.
226 "save"
228 Save the state on exit. The state is stored in a file called .prove
229 (_prove on Windows and VMS) in the current directory.
230 The "--state" switch may be used more than once.
232 $ prove -b --state=hot --state=all,save
234 --rules
236 The "--rules" option is used to control which tests are run
237 sequentially and which are run in parallel, if the "--jobs" option is
238 specified. The option may be specified multiple times, and the order
239 matters.
240 The most practical use is likely to specify that some tests are not
242 "parallel-ready". Since mentioning a file with --rules doesn't cause
243 it to be selected to run as a test, you can "set and forget" some rules
244 preferences in your .proverc file. Then you'll be able to take maximum
245 advantage of the performance benefits of parallel testing, while some
246 exceptions are still run in parallel.
247 --rules examples
249 # All tests are allowed to run in parallel, except those starting with "p"
251 --rules='seq=t/p*.t' --rules='par=**'
252 # All tests must run in sequence except those starting with "p", which should be run parallel
254 --rules='par=t/p*.t'
255 --rules resolution
257 · By default, all tests are eligible to be run in parallel.
259 Specifying any of your own rules removes this one.
260 · "First match wins". The first rule that matches a test will be the
262 one that applies.
263 · Any test which does not match a rule will be run in sequence at the
265 end of the run.
266 · The existence of a rule does not imply selecting a test. You must
268 still specify the tests to run.
269 · Specifying a rule to allow tests to run in parallel does not make
271 them run in parallel. You still need specify the number of parallel
272 "jobs" in your Harness object.
273 --rules Glob-style pattern matching
275 We implement our own glob-style pattern matching for --rules. Here are
277 the supported patterns:
278 ** is any number of characters, including /, within a pathname
280 * is zero or more characters within a filename/directory name
281 ? is exactly one character within a filename/directory name
282 {foo,bar,baz} is any of foo, bar or baz.
283 \ is an escape character
284 More advanced specifications for parallel vs sequence run rules
286 If you need more advanced management of what runs in parallel vs in
288 sequence, see the associated 'rules' documentation in TAP::Harness and
289 TAP::Parser::Scheduler. If what's possible directly through "prove" is
290 not sufficient, you can write your own harness to access these features
291 directly.
292 @INC
294 prove introduces a separation between "options passed to the perl which
295 runs prove" and "options passed to the perl which runs tests"; this
296 distinction is by design. Thus the perl which is running a test starts
297 with the default @INC. Additional library directories can be added via
298 the "PERL5LIB" environment variable, via -Ifoo in "PERL5OPT" or via the
299 "-Ilib" option to prove.
300 Taint Mode
302 Normally when a Perl program is run in taint mode the contents of the
303 "PERL5LIB" environment variable do not appear in @INC.
304 Because "PERL5LIB" is often used during testing to add build
306 directories to @INC prove passes the names of any directories found in
307 "PERL5LIB" as -I switches. The net effect of this is that "PERL5LIB" is
308 honoured even when prove is run in taint mode.
309
311 You can load a custom TAP::Parser::Formatter:
312 prove --formatter MyFormatter
314
316 You can load custom TAP::Parser::SourceHandlers, to change the way the
317 parser interprets particular sources of TAP.
318 prove --source MyHandler --source YetAnother t
320 If you want to provide config to the source you can use:
322 prove --source MyCustom \
324 --source Perl --perl-option 'foo=bar baz' --perl-option avg=0.278 \
325 --source File --file-option extensions=.txt --file-option extensions=.tmp t
326 --source pgTAP --pgtap-option pset=format=html --pgtap-option pset=border=2
327 Each "--$source-option" option must specify a key/value pair separated
329 by an "=". If an option can take multiple values, just specify it
330 multiple times, as with the "extensions=" examples above. If the option
331 should be a hash reference, specify the value as a second pair
332 separated by a "=", as in the "pset=" examples above (escape "=" with a
333 backslash).
334 All "--sources" are combined into a hash, and passed to "new" in
336 TAP::Harness's "sources" parameter.
337 See TAP::Parser::IteratorFactory for more details on how configuration
339 is passed to SourceHandlers.
340
342 Plugins can be loaded using the "-Pplugin" syntax, eg:
343 prove -PMyPlugin
345 This will search for a module named "App::Prove::Plugin::MyPlugin", or
347 failing that, "MyPlugin". If the plugin can't be found, "prove" will
348 complain & exit.
349 You can pass arguments to your plugin by appending "=arg1,arg2,etc" to
351 the plugin name:
352 prove -PMyPlugin=fou,du,fafa
354 Please check individual plugin documentation for more details.
356 Available Plugins
358 For an up-to-date list of plugins available, please check CPAN:
359 <http://search.cpan.org/search?query=App%3A%3AProve+Plugin>
361 Writing Plugins
363 Please see "PLUGINS" in App::Prove.
364perl v5.30.0 2019-07-26 PROVE(1)