1SCOPE(7)                                                              SCOPE(7)
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NAME

6       scope - Scoped packages
7
8   Description
9       All  npm  packages have a name. Some package names also have a scope. A
10       scope follows the usual rules for package names  (URL-safe  characters,
11       no leading dots or underscores). When used in package names, scopes are
12       preceded by an @ symbol and followed by a slash, e.g.
13
14         @somescope/somepackagename
15
16       Scopes are a way of grouping related packages together, and also affect
17       a few things about the way npm treats the package.
18
19       Each  npm  user/organization  has their own scope, and only you can add
20       packages in your scope. This means you don't have to worry about  some‐
21       one  taking  your package name ahead of you. Thus it is also a good way
22       to signal official packages for organizations.
23
24       Scoped packages can be published and installed as of npm@2 and are sup‐
25       ported  by  the  primary  npm registry. Unscoped packages can depend on
26       scoped packages and vice versa. The npm client is  backwards-compatible
27       with  unscoped  registries,  so  it can be used to work with scoped and
28       unscoped registries at the same time.
29
30   Installing scoped packages
31       Scoped packages are installed to a sub-folder of the regular  installa‐
32       tion  folder,  e.g.  if  your other packages are installed in node_mod‐
33       ules/packagename,  scoped  modules  will  be  installed  in   node_mod‐
34       ules/@myorg/packagename.  The  scope folder (@myorg) is simply the name
35       of the scope preceded by an @ symbol, and can  contain  any  number  of
36       scoped packages.
37
38       A scoped package is installed by referencing it by name, preceded by an
39       @ symbol, in npm install:
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41         npm install @myorg/mypackage
42
43       Or in package.json:
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45         "dependencies": {
46           "@myorg/mypackage": "^1.3.0"
47         }
48
49       Note that if the @ symbol is omitted, in either case, npm will  instead
50       attempt to install from GitHub; see npm help install.
51
52   Requiring scoped packages
53       Because  scoped packages are installed into a scope folder, you have to
54       include the name of the scope when requiring them in your code, e.g.
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56         require('@myorg/mypackage')
57
58       There is nothing special about the way Node treats scope folders.  This
59       simply requires the mypackage module in the folder named @myorg.
60
61   Publishing scoped packages
62       Scoped  packages  can  be published from the CLI as of npm@2 and can be
63       published to any registry that supports them, including the primary npm
64       registry.
65
66       (As of 2015-04-19, and with npm 2.0 or better, the primary npm registry
67       does support scoped packages.)
68
69       If you wish, you may associate a scope with a registry; see below.
70
71   Publishing public scoped packages to the primary npm registry
72       To publish a public scoped package, you must  specify  --access  public
73       with  the  initial  publication.  This will publish the package and set
74       access to public as if you had run npm access public after publishing.
75
76   Publishing private scoped packages to the npm registry
77       To publish a private scoped package to the npm registry, you must  have
78       an  npm  Private  Modules  https://docs.npmjs.com/private-modules/intro
79       account.
80
81       You can then publish  the  module  with  npm  publish  or  npm  publish
82       --access  restricted,  and it will be present in the npm registry, with
83       restricted access. You can  then  change  the  access  permissions,  if
84       desired, with npm access or on the npmjs.com website.
85
86   Associating a scope with a registry
87       Scopes  can  be associated with a separate registry. This allows you to
88       seamlessly use a mix of packages from the primary npm registry and  one
89       or more private registries, such as npm Enterprise.
90
91       You can associate a scope with a registry at login, e.g.
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93         npm login --registry=http://reg.example.com --scope=@myco
94
95       Scopes  have  a  many-to-one relationship with registries: one registry
96       can host multiple scopes, but a scope only ever points to one registry.
97
98       You can also associate a scope with a registry using npm config:
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100         npm config set @myco:registry http://reg.example.com
101
102       Once a scope is associated with a registry, any npm install for a pack‐
103       age  with  that scope will request packages from that registry instead.
104       Any npm publish for a package name that contains the scope will be pub‐
105       lished to that registry instead.
106
107   See also
108       · npm help install
109
110       · npm help publish
111
112       · npm help access
113
114       · npm help registry
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119                                  March 2020                          SCOPE(7)
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