1MODUTIL(1) NSS Security Tools MODUTIL(1)
2
6 modutil - Manage PKCS #11 module information within the security module
7 database.
8
10 modutil [options] [[arguments]]
11
13 This documentation is still work in progress. Please contribute to the
14 initial review in Mozilla NSS bug 836477[1]
15
17 The Security Module Database Tool, modutil, is a command-line utility
18 for managing PKCS #11 module information both within secmod.db files
19 and within hardware tokens. modutil can add and delete PKCS #11
20 modules, change passwords on security databases, set defaults, list
21 module contents, enable or disable slots, enable or disable FIPS 140-2
22 compliance, and assign default providers for cryptographic operations.
23 This tool can also create certificate, key, and module security
24 database files.
25 The tasks associated with security module database management are part
27 of a process that typically also involves managing key databases and
28 certificate databases.
29
31 Running modutil always requires one (and only one) option to specify
32 the type of module operation. Each option may take arguments, anywhere
33 from none to multiple arguments.
34 Options
36 -add modulename
38 Add the named PKCS #11 module to the database. Use this option with
39 the -libfile, -ciphers, and -mechanisms arguments.
40 -changepw tokenname
42 Change the password on the named token. If the token has not been
43 initialized, this option initializes the password. Use this option
44 with the -pwfile and -newpwfile arguments. A password is equivalent
45 to a personal identification number (PIN).
46 -chkfips
48 Verify whether the module is in the given FIPS mode. true means to
49 verify that the module is in FIPS mode, while false means to verify
50 that the module is not in FIPS mode.
51 -create
53 Create new certificate, key, and module databases. Use the -dbdir
54 directory argument to specify a directory. If any of these
55 databases already exist in a specified directory, modutil returns
56 an error message.
57 -default modulename
59 Specify the security mechanisms for which the named module will be
60 a default provider. The security mechanisms are specified with the
61 -mechanisms argument.
62 -delete modulename
64 Delete the named module. The default NSS PKCS #11 module cannot be
65 deleted.
66 -disable modulename
68 Disable all slots on the named module. Use the -slot argument to
69 disable a specific slot.
70 The internal NSS PKCS #11 module cannot be disabled.
72 -enable modulename
74 Enable all slots on the named module. Use the -slot argument to
75 enable a specific slot.
76 -fips [true | false]
78 Enable (true) or disable (false) FIPS 140-2 compliance for the
79 default NSS module.
80 -force
82 Disable modutil's interactive prompts so it can be run from a
83 script. Use this option only after manually testing each planned
84 operation to check for warnings and to ensure that bypassing the
85 prompts will cause no security lapses or loss of database
86 integrity.
87 -jar JAR-file
89 Add a new PKCS #11 module to the database using the named JAR file.
90 Use this command with the -installdir and -tempdir arguments. The
91 JAR file uses the NSS PKCS #11 JAR format to identify all the files
92 to be installed, the module's name, the mechanism flags, and the
93 cipher flags, as well as any files to be installed on the target
94 machine, including the PKCS #11 module library file and other files
95 such as documentation. This is covered in the JAR installation file
96 section in the man page, which details the special script needed to
97 perform an installation through a server or with modutil.
98 -list [modulename]
100 Display basic information about the contents of the secmod.db file.
101 Specifying a modulename displays detailed information about a
102 particular module and its slots and tokens.
103 -rawadd
105 Add the module spec string to the secmod.db database.
106 -rawlist
108 Display the module specs for a specified module or for all loadable
109 modules.
110 -undefault modulename
112 Specify the security mechanisms for which the named module will not
113 be a default provider. The security mechanisms are specified with
114 the -mechanisms argument.
115 Arguments
117 MODULE
119 Give the security module to access.
120 MODULESPEC
122 Give the security module spec to load into the security database.
123 -ciphers cipher-enable-list
125 Enable specific ciphers in a module that is being added to the
126 database. The cipher-enable-list is a colon-delimited list of
127 cipher names. Enclose this list in quotation marks if it contains
128 spaces.
129 -dbdir [sql:]directory
131 Specify the database directory in which to access or create
132 security module database files.
133 modutil supports two types of databases: the legacy security
135 databases (cert8.db, key3.db, and secmod.db) and new SQLite
136 databases (cert9.db, key4.db, and pkcs11.txt). If the prefix sql:
137 is not used, then the tool assumes that the given databases are in
138 the old format.
139 --dbprefix prefix
141 Specify the prefix used on the database files, such as my_ for
142 my_cert8.db. This option is provided as a special case. Changing
143 the names of the certificate and key databases is not recommended.
144 -installdir root-installation-directory
146 Specify the root installation directory relative to which files
147 will be installed by the -jar option. This directory should be one
148 below which it is appropriate to store dynamic library files, such
149 as a server's root directory.
150 -libfile library-file
152 Specify a path to a library file containing the implementation of
153 the PKCS #11 interface module that is being added to the database.
154 -mechanisms mechanism-list
156 Specify the security mechanisms for which a particular module will
157 be flagged as a default provider. The mechanism-list is a
158 colon-delimited list of mechanism names. Enclose this list in
159 quotation marks if it contains spaces.
160 The module becomes a default provider for the listed mechanisms
162 when those mechanisms are enabled. If more than one module claims
163 to be a particular mechanism's default provider, that mechanism's
164 default provider is undefined.
165 modutil supports several mechanisms: RSA, DSA, RC2, RC4, RC5, AES,
167 DES, DH, SHA1, SHA256, SHA512, SSL, TLS, MD5, MD2, RANDOM (for
168 random number generation), and FRIENDLY (meaning certificates are
169 publicly readable).
170 -newpwfile new-password-file
172 Specify a text file containing a token's new or replacement
173 password so that a password can be entered automatically with the
174 -changepw option.
175 -nocertdb
177 Do not open the certificate or key databases. This has several
178 effects:
179 · With the -create command, only a module security file is
181 created; certificate and key databases are not created.
182 · With the -jar command, signatures on the JAR file are not
184 checked.
185 · With the -changepw command, the password on the NSS internal
187 module cannot be set or changed, since this password is stored
188 in the key database.
189 -pwfile old-password-file
191 Specify a text file containing a token's existing password so that
192 a password can be entered automatically when the -changepw option
193 is used to change passwords.
194 -secmod secmodname
196 Give the name of the security module database (like secmod.db) to
197 load.
198 -slot slotname
200 Specify a particular slot to be enabled or disabled with the
201 -enable or -disable options.
202 -string CONFIG_STRING
204 Pass a configuration string for the module being added to the
205 database.
206 -tempdir temporary-directory
208 Give a directory location where temporary files are created during
209 the installation by the -jar option. If no temporary directory is
210 specified, the current directory is used.
211
213 Creating Database Files
214 Before any operations can be performed, there must be a set of security
216 databases available. modutil can be used to create these files. The
217 only required argument is the database that where the databases will be
218 located.
219 modutil -create -dbdir [sql:]directory
221 Adding a Cryptographic Module
223 Adding a PKCS #11 module means submitting a supporting library file,
225 enabling its ciphers, and setting default provider status for various
226 security mechanisms. This can be done by supplying all of the
227 information through modutil directly or by running a JAR file and
228 install script. For the most basic case, simply upload the library:
229 modutil -add modulename -libfile library-file [-ciphers cipher-enable-list] [-mechanisms mechanism-list]
231 For example:
233 modutil -dbdir sql:/home/my/sharednssdb -add "Example PKCS #11 Module" -libfile "/tmp/crypto.so" -mechanisms RSA:DSA:RC2:RANDOM
235 Using database directory ...
237 Module "Example PKCS #11 Module" added to database.
238 Installing a Cryptographic Module from a JAR File
240 PKCS #11 modules can also be loaded using a JAR file, which contains
242 all of the required libraries and an installation script that describes
243 how to install the module. The JAR install script is described in more
244 detail in the section called “JAR INSTALLATION FILE FORMAT”.
245 The JAR installation script defines the setup information for each
247 platform that the module can be installed on. For example:
248 Platforms {
250 Linux:5.4.08:x86 {
251 ModuleName { "Example PKCS #11 Module" }
252 ModuleFile { crypto.so }
253 DefaultMechanismFlags{0x0000}
254 CipherEnableFlags{0x0000}
255 Files {
256 crypto.so {
257 Path{ /tmp/crypto.so }
258 }
259 setup.sh {
260 Executable
261 Path{ /tmp/setup.sh }
262 }
263 }
264 }
265 Linux:6.0.0:x86 {
266 EquivalentPlatform { Linux:5.4.08:x86 }
267 }
268 }
269 Both the install script and the required libraries must be bundled in a
271 JAR file, which is specified with the -jar argument.
272 modutil -dbdir sql:/home/mt"jar-install-filey/sharednssdb -jar install.jar -installdir sql:/home/my/sharednssdb
274 This installation JAR file was signed by:
276 ----------------------------------------------
277 **SUBJECT NAME**
279 C=US, ST=California, L=Mountain View, CN=Cryptorific Inc., OU=Digital ID
281 Class 3 - Netscape Object Signing, OU="www.verisign.com/repository/CPS
282 Incorp. by Ref.,LIAB.LTD(c)9 6", OU=www.verisign.com/CPS Incorp.by Ref
283 . LIABILITY LTD.(c)97 VeriSign, OU=VeriSign Object Signing CA - Class 3
284 Organization, OU="VeriSign, Inc.", O=VeriSign Trust Network **ISSUER
285 NAME**, OU=www.verisign.com/CPS Incorp.by Ref. LIABILITY LTD.(c)97
286 VeriSign, OU=VeriSign Object Signing CA - Class 3 Organization,
287 OU="VeriSign, Inc.", O=VeriSign Trust Network
288 ----------------------------------------------
289 Do you wish to continue this installation? (y/n) y
291 Using installer script "installer_script"
292 Successfully parsed installation script
293 Current platform is Linux:5.4.08:x86
294 Using installation parameters for platform Linux:5.4.08:x86
295 Installed file crypto.so to /tmp/crypto.so
296 Installed file setup.sh to ./pk11inst.dir/setup.sh
297 Executing "./pk11inst.dir/setup.sh"...
298 "./pk11inst.dir/setup.sh" executed successfully
299 Installed module "Example PKCS #11 Module" into module database
300 Installation completed successfully
302 Adding Module Spec
304 Each module has information stored in the security database about its
306 configuration and parameters. These can be added or edited using the
307 -rawadd command. For the current settings or to see the format of the
308 module spec in the database, use the -rawlist option.
309 modutil -rawadd modulespec
311 Deleting a Module
313 A specific PKCS #11 module can be deleted from the secmod.db database:
315 modutil -delete modulename -dbdir [sql:]directory
317 Displaying Module Information
319 The secmod.db database contains information about the PKCS #11 modules
321 that are available to an application or server to use. The list of all
322 modules, information about specific modules, and database configuration
323 specs for modules can all be viewed.
324 To simply get a list of modules in the database, use the -list command.
326 modutil -list [modulename] -dbdir [sql:]directory
328 Listing the modules shows the module name, their status, and other
330 associated security databases for certificates and keys. For example:
331 modutil -list -dbdir sql:/home/my/sharednssdb
333 Listing of PKCS #11 Modules
335 -----------------------------------------------------------
336 1. NSS Internal PKCS #11 Module
337 slots: 2 slots attached
338 status: loaded
339 slot: NSS Internal Cryptographic Services
341 token: NSS Generic Crypto Services
342 uri: pkcs11:token=NSS%20Generic%20Crypto%20Services;manufacturer=Mozilla%20Foundation;serial=0000000000000000;model=NSS%203
343 slot: NSS User Private Key and Certificate Services
345 token: NSS Certificate DB
346 uri: pkcs11:token=NSS%20Certificate%20DB;manufacturer=Mozilla%20Foundation;serial=0000000000000000;model=NSS%203
347 -----------------------------------------------------------
348 Passing a specific module name with the -list returns details
350 information about the module itself, like supported cipher mechanisms,
351 version numbers, serial numbers, and other information about the module
352 and the token it is loaded on. For example:
353 modutil -list "NSS Internal PKCS #11 Module" -dbdir sql:/home/my/sharednssdb
355 -----------------------------------------------------------
357 Name: NSS Internal PKCS #11 Module
358 Library file: **Internal ONLY module**
359 Manufacturer: Mozilla Foundation
360 Description: NSS Internal Crypto Services
361 PKCS #11 Version 2.20
362 Library Version: 3.11
363 Cipher Enable Flags: None
364 Default Mechanism Flags: RSA:RC2:RC4:DES:DH:SHA1:MD5:MD2:SSL:TLS:AES
365 Slot: NSS Internal Cryptographic Services
367 Slot Mechanism Flags: RSA:RC2:RC4:DES:DH:SHA1:MD5:MD2:SSL:TLS:AES
368 Manufacturer: Mozilla Foundation
369 Type: Software
370 Version Number: 3.11
371 Firmware Version: 0.0
372 Status: Enabled
373 Token Name: NSS Generic Crypto Services
374 Token Manufacturer: Mozilla Foundation
375 Token Model: NSS 3
376 Token Serial Number: 0000000000000000
377 Token Version: 4.0
378 Token Firmware Version: 0.0
379 Access: Write Protected
380 Login Type: Public (no login required)
381 User Pin: NOT Initialized
382 Slot: NSS User Private Key and Certificate Services
384 Slot Mechanism Flags: None
385 Manufacturer: Mozilla Foundation
386 Type: Software
387 Version Number: 3.11
388 Firmware Version: 0.0
389 Status: Enabled
390 Token Name: NSS Certificate DB
391 Token Manufacturer: Mozilla Foundation
392 Token Model: NSS 3
393 Token Serial Number: 0000000000000000
394 Token Version: 8.3
395 Token Firmware Version: 0.0
396 Access: NOT Write Protected
397 Login Type: Login required
398 User Pin: Initialized
399 A related command, -rawlist returns information about the database
401 configuration for the modules. (This information can be edited by
402 loading new specs using the -rawadd command.)
403 modutil -rawlist -dbdir sql:/home/my/sharednssdb
405 name="NSS Internal PKCS #11 Module" parameters="configdir=. certPrefix= keyPrefix= secmod=secmod.db flags=readOnly " NSS="trustOrder=75 cipherOrder=100 slotParams={0x00000001=[slotFlags=RSA,RC4,RC2,DES,DH,SHA1,MD5,MD2,SSL,TLS,AES,RANDOM askpw=any timeout=30 ] } Flags=internal,critical"
406 Setting a Default Provider for Security Mechanisms
408 Multiple security modules may provide support for the same security
410 mechanisms. It is possible to set a specific security module as the
411 default provider for a specific security mechanism (or, conversely, to
412 prohibit a provider from supplying those mechanisms).
413 modutil -default modulename -mechanisms mechanism-list
415 To set a module as the default provider for mechanisms, use the
417 -default command with a colon-separated list of mechanisms. The
418 available mechanisms depend on the module; NSS supplies almost all
419 common mechanisms. For example:
420 modutil -default "NSS Internal PKCS #11 Module" -dbdir -mechanisms RSA:DSA:RC2
422 Using database directory c:\databases...
424 Successfully changed defaults.
426 Clearing the default provider has the same format:
428 modutil -undefault "NSS Internal PKCS #11 Module" -dbdir -mechanisms MD2:MD5
430 Enabling and Disabling Modules and Slots
432 Modules, and specific slots on modules, can be selectively enabled or
434 disabled using modutil. Both commands have the same format:
435 modutil -enable|-disable modulename [-slot slotname]
437 For example:
439 modutil -enable "NSS Internal PKCS #11 Module" -slot "NSS Internal Cryptographic Services " -dbdir .
441 Slot "NSS Internal Cryptographic Services " enabled.
443 Be sure that the appropriate amount of trailing whitespace is after the
445 slot name. Some slot names have a significant amount of whitespace that
446 must be included, or the operation will fail.
447 Enabling and Verifying FIPS Compliance
449 The NSS modules can have FIPS 140-2 compliance enabled or disabled
451 using modutil with the -fips option. For example:
452 modutil -fips true -dbdir sql:/home/my/sharednssdb/
454 FIPS mode enabled.
456 To verify that status of FIPS mode, run the -chkfips command with
458 either a true or false flag (it doesn't matter which). The tool returns
459 the current FIPS setting.
460 modutil -chkfips false -dbdir sql:/home/my/sharednssdb/
462 FIPS mode enabled.
464 Changing the Password on a Token
466 Initializing or changing a token's password:
468 modutil -changepw tokenname [-pwfile old-password-file] [-newpwfile new-password-file]
470 modutil -dbdir sql:/home/my/sharednssdb -changepw "NSS Certificate DB"
472 Enter old password:
474 Incorrect password, try again...
475 Enter old password:
476 Enter new password:
477 Re-enter new password:
478 Token "Communicator Certificate DB" password changed successfully.
479
481 When a JAR file is run by a server, by modutil, or by any program that
482 does not interpret JavaScript, a special information file must be
483 included to install the libraries. There are several things to keep in
484 mind with this file:
485 · It must be declared in the JAR archive's manifest file.
487 · The script can have any name.
489 · The metainfo tag for this is Pkcs11_install_script. To declare
491 meta-information in the manifest file, put it in a file that is
492 passed to signtool.
493 Sample Script
495 For example, the PKCS #11 installer script could be in the file
497 pk11install. If so, the metainfo file for signtool includes a line such
498 as this:
499 + Pkcs11_install_script: pk11install
501 The script must define the platform and version number, the module name
503 and file, and any optional information like supported ciphers and
504 mechanisms. Multiple platforms can be defined in a single install file.
505 ForwardCompatible { IRIX:6.2:mips SUNOS:5.5.1:sparc }
507 Platforms {
508 WINNT::x86 {
509 ModuleName { "Example Module" }
510 ModuleFile { win32/fort32.dll }
511 DefaultMechanismFlags{0x0001}
512 DefaultCipherFlags{0x0001}
513 Files {
514 win32/setup.exe {
515 Executable
516 RelativePath { %temp%/setup.exe }
517 }
518 win32/setup.hlp {
519 RelativePath { %temp%/setup.hlp }
520 }
521 win32/setup.cab {
522 RelativePath { %temp%/setup.cab }
523 }
524 }
525 }
526 WIN95::x86 {
527 EquivalentPlatform {WINNT::x86}
528 }
529 SUNOS:5.5.1:sparc {
530 ModuleName { "Example UNIX Module" }
531 ModuleFile { unix/fort.so }
532 DefaultMechanismFlags{0x0001}
533 CipherEnableFlags{0x0001}
534 Files {
535 unix/fort.so {
536 RelativePath{%root%/lib/fort.so}
537 AbsolutePath{/usr/local/netscape/lib/fort.so}
538 FilePermissions{555}
539 }
540 xplat/instr.html {
541 RelativePath{%root%/docs/inst.html}
542 AbsolutePath{/usr/local/netscape/docs/inst.html}
543 FilePermissions{555}
544 }
545 }
546 }
547 IRIX:6.2:mips {
548 EquivalentPlatform { SUNOS:5.5.1:sparc }
549 }
550 }
551 Script Grammar
553 The script is basic Java, allowing lists, key-value pairs, strings, and
555 combinations of all of them.
556 --> valuelist
558 valuelist --> value valuelist
560 <null>
561 value ---> key_value_pair
563 string
564 key_value_pair --> key { valuelist }
566 key --> string
568 string --> simple_string
570 "complex_string"
571 simple_string --> [^ \t\n\""{""}"]+
573 complex_string --> ([^\"\\\r\n]|(\\\")|(\\\\))+
575 Quotes and backslashes must be escaped with a backslash. A complex
577 string must not include newlines or carriage returns.Outside of complex
578 strings, all white space (for example, spaces, tabs, and carriage
579 returns) is considered equal and is used only to delimit tokens.
580 Keys
582 The Java install file uses keys to define the platform and module
584 information.
585 ForwardCompatible gives a list of platforms that are forward
587 compatible. If the current platform cannot be found in the list of
588 supported platforms, then the ForwardCompatible list is checked for any
589 platforms that have the same OS and architecture in an earlier version.
590 If one is found, its attributes are used for the current platform.
591 Platforms (required) Gives a list of platforms. Each entry in the list
593 is itself a key-value pair: the key is the name of the platform and the
594 value list contains various attributes of the platform. The platform
595 string is in the format system name:OS release:architecture. The
596 installer obtains these values from NSPR. OS release is an empty string
597 on non-Unix operating systems. NSPR supports these platforms:
598 · AIX (rs6000)
600 · BSDI (x86)
602 · FREEBSD (x86)
604 · HPUX (hppa1.1)
606 · IRIX (mips)
608 · LINUX (ppc, alpha, x86)
610 · MacOS (PowerPC)
612 · NCR (x86)
614 · NEC (mips)
616 · OS2 (x86)
618 · OSF (alpha)
620 · ReliantUNIX (mips)
622 · SCO (x86)
624 · SOLARIS (sparc)
626 · SONY (mips)
628 · SUNOS (sparc)
630 · UnixWare (x86)
632 · WIN16 (x86)
634 · WIN95 (x86)
636 · WINNT (x86)
638 For example:
640 IRIX:6.2:mips
642 SUNOS:5.5.1:sparc
643 Linux:2.0.32:x86
644 WIN95::x86
645 The module information is defined independently for each platform in
647 the ModuleName, ModuleFile, and Files attributes. These attributes must
648 be given unless an EquivalentPlatform attribute is specified.
649 Per-Platform Keys
651 Per-platform keys have meaning only within the value list of an entry
653 in the Platforms list.
654 ModuleName (required) gives the common name for the module. This name
656 is used to reference the module by servers and by the modutil tool.
657 ModuleFile (required) names the PKCS #11 module file for this platform.
659 The name is given as the relative path of the file within the JAR
660 archive.
661 Files (required) lists the files that need to be installed for this
663 module. Each entry in the file list is a key-value pair. The key is the
664 path of the file in the JAR archive, and the value list contains
665 attributes of the file. At least RelativePath or AbsolutePath must be
666 specified for each file.
667 DefaultMechanismFlags specifies mechanisms for which this module is the
669 default provider; this is equivalent to the -mechanism option with the
670 -add command. This key-value pair is a bitstring specified in
671 hexadecimal (0x) format. It is constructed as a bitwise OR. If the
672 DefaultMechanismFlags entry is omitted, the value defaults to 0x0.
673 RSA: 0x00000001
675 DSA: 0x00000002
676 RC2: 0x00000004
677 RC4: 0x00000008
678 DES: 0x00000010
679 DH: 0x00000020
680 FORTEZZA: 0x00000040
681 RC5: 0x00000080
682 SHA1: 0x00000100
683 MD5: 0x00000200
684 MD2: 0x00000400
685 RANDOM: 0x08000000
686 FRIENDLY: 0x10000000
687 OWN_PW_DEFAULTS: 0x20000000
688 DISABLE: 0x40000000
689 CipherEnableFlags specifies ciphers that this module provides that NSS
691 does not provide (so that the module enables those ciphers for NSS).
692 This is equivalent to the -cipher argument with the -add command. This
693 key is a bitstring specified in hexadecimal (0x) format. It is
694 constructed as a bitwise OR. If the CipherEnableFlags entry is omitted,
695 the value defaults to 0x0.
696 EquivalentPlatform specifies that the attributes of the named platform
698 should also be used for the current platform. This makes it easier when
699 more than one platform uses the same settings.
700 Per-File Keys
702 Some keys have meaning only within the value list of an entry in a
704 Files list.
705 Each file requires a path key the identifies where the file is. Either
707 RelativePath or AbsolutePath must be specified. If both are specified,
708 the relative path is tried first, and the absolute path is used only if
709 no relative root directory is provided by the installer program.
710 RelativePath specifies the destination directory of the file, relative
712 to some directory decided at install time. Two variables can be used in
713 the relative path: %root% and %temp%. %root% is replaced at run time
714 with the directory relative to which files should be installed; for
715 example, it may be the server's root directory. The %temp% directory is
716 created at the beginning of the installation and destroyed at the end.
717 The purpose of %temp% is to hold executable files (such as setup
718 programs) or files that are used by these programs. Files destined for
719 the temporary directory are guaranteed to be in place before any
720 executable file is run; they are not deleted until all executable files
721 have finished.
722 AbsolutePath specifies the destination directory of the file as an
724 absolute path.
725 Executable specifies that the file is to be executed during the course
727 of the installation. Typically, this string is used for a setup program
728 provided by a module vendor, such as a self-extracting setup
729 executable. More than one file can be specified as executable, in which
730 case the files are run in the order in which they are specified in the
731 script file.
732 FilePermissions sets permissions on any referenced files in a string of
734 octal digits, according to the standard Unix format. This string is a
735 bitwise OR.
736 user read: 0400
738 user write: 0200
739 user execute: 0100
740 group read: 0040
741 group write: 0020
742 group execute: 0010
743 other read: 0004
744 other write: 0002
745 other execute: 0001
746 Some platforms may not understand these permissions. They are applied
748 only insofar as they make sense for the current platform. If this
749 attribute is omitted, a default of 777 is assumed.
750
752 NSS originally used BerkeleyDB databases to store security information.
753 The last versions of these legacy databases are:
754 · cert8.db for certificates
756 · key3.db for keys
758 · secmod.db for PKCS #11 module information
760 BerkeleyDB has performance limitations, though, which prevent it from
762 being easily used by multiple applications simultaneously. NSS has some
763 flexibility that allows applications to use their own, independent
764 database engine while keeping a shared database and working around the
765 access issues. Still, NSS requires more flexibility to provide a truly
766 shared security database.
767 In 2009, NSS introduced a new set of databases that are SQLite
769 databases rather than BerkleyDB. These new databases provide more
770 accessibility and performance:
771 · cert9.db for certificates
773 · key4.db for keys
775 · pkcs11.txt, which is listing of all of the PKCS #11 modules
777 contained in a new subdirectory in the security databases directory
778 Because the SQLite databases are designed to be shared, these are the
780 shared database type. The shared database type is preferred; the legacy
781 format is included for backward compatibility.
782 By default, the tools (certutil, pk12util, modutil) assume that the
784 given security databases follow the more common legacy type. Using the
785 SQLite databases must be manually specified by using the sql: prefix
786 with the given security directory. For example:
787 modutil -create -dbdir sql:/home/my/sharednssdb
789 To set the shared database type as the default type for the tools, set
791 the NSS_DEFAULT_DB_TYPE environment variable to sql:
792 export NSS_DEFAULT_DB_TYPE="sql"
794 This line can be added to the ~/.bashrc file to make the change
796 permanent for the user.
797 Most applications do not use the shared database by default, but they
799 can be configured to use them. For example, this how-to article covers
800 how to configure Firefox and Thunderbird to use the new shared NSS
801 databases:
802 · https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB_Howto
804 For an engineering draft on the changes in the shared NSS databases,
806 see the NSS project wiki:
807 · https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB
809
811 certutil (1)
812 pk12util (1)
814 signtool (1)
816 The NSS wiki has information on the new database design and how to
818 configure applications to use it.
819 · https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB_Howto
821 · https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB
823
825 For information about NSS and other tools related to NSS (like JSS),
826 check out the NSS project wiki at
827 http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss/. The NSS site relates
828 directly to NSS code changes and releases.
829 Mailing lists: https://lists.mozilla.org/listinfo/dev-tech-crypto
831 IRC: Freenode at #dogtag-pki
833
835 The NSS tools were written and maintained by developers with Netscape,
836 Red Hat, Sun, Oracle, Mozilla, and Google.
837 Authors: Elio Maldonado <emaldona@redhat.com>, Deon Lackey
839 <dlackey@redhat.com>.
840
842 Licensed under the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL
843 was not distributed with this file, You can obtain one at
844 http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
845
847 1. Mozilla NSS bug 836477
848 https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=836477
849nss-tools 5 October 2017 MODUTIL(1)