1COAP_IO(3) libcoap Manual COAP_IO(3)
2
6 coap_io, coap_run_once, coap_context_get_coap_fd - Work with CoAP I/O
7 to do the packet send and receives
8
10 #include <coap2/coap.h>
11 int coap_run_once(coap_context_t *context, unsigned int timeout_ms);
13 int coap_context_get_coap_fd(coap_context_t *context);
15 Link with -lcoap-2, -lcoap-2-gnutls, -lcoap-2-openssl or
17 -lcoap-2-tinydtls depending on your (D)TLS library type.
18
20 After setting up all the contexts, resources, endpoints sessions etc.,
21 the underlying CoAP and (D)TLS need to send (and possible re-send)
22 created packets as well as receive packets for processing.
23 The coap_run_once() function will process any outstanding packets to
25 send for the specified context and wait for processing any input
26 packets for up to timeout_ms milli-seconds before returning. Once any
27 outstanding input packets have been processed, the function will
28 return. There are 2 special case timeout_ms values.
29 #define COAP_RUN_BLOCK 0
31 #define COAP_RUN_NONBLOCK 1
32 If timeout_ms is set to COAP_RUN_BLOCK, then coap_run_once() will wait
34 indefinitely for the first new input packet to come in. If timeout_ms
35 is set to COAP_RUN_NONBLOCK, then there is no wait if there are no more
36 input packets.
37 There are two methods of how to call coap_run_once().
39 1. Have coap_run_once() called from within a while() loop. Under idle
41 conditions (no input traffic) coap_run_once() will then get called
42 every timeout_ms, but more frequently if there is input traffic.
43 2. Wait on the file descriptor returned by coap_context_get_coap_fd()
45 using select() or an event returned by epoll_wait(). If read is
46 available on the file descriptor, call coap_run_once() with
47 timeout_ms set to COAP_RUN_NONBLOCK. See EXAMPLES below.
48 Note
50 This method is only available for environments that support epoll
51 (mostly Linux) as libcoap will then be using epoll internally to
52 process all the file descriptors of the different sessions.
53 The coap_context_get_coap_fd() function obtains from the specified
55 context a single file descriptor that can be monitored by a select() or
56 as an event returned from a epoll_wait() call. This file descriptor
57 will get updated with information (read, write etc. available) whenever
58 any of the internal to libcoap file descriptors (sockets) change state.
59
61 coap_run_once() returns the time, in milli-seconds, that was spent in
62 the function. If -1 is returned, there was an unexpected error.
63 coap_context_get_coap_fd() returns a non-negative number as the file
65 descriptor to monitor, or -1 if epoll is not supported by the host
66 environment.
67
69 Method One
70 #include <coap2/coap.h>
72 int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
74 coap_context_t *ctx = NULL;
76 unsigned wait_ms;
77 /* Create the libcoap context */
79 ctx = coap_new_context(NULL);
80 if (!ctx) {
81 exit(1);
82 }
83 /* Other Set up Code */
85 wait_ms = COAP_RESOURCE_CHECK_TIME * 1000;
87 while (1) {
89 int result = coap_run_once(ctx, wait_ms);
90 if (result < 0) {
91 /* There is an internal issue */
92 break;
93 }
94 /* Do any other housekeeping */
95 }
96 coap_free_context(ctx);
97 /* Do any other cleanup */
99 exit(0);
101 }
103 Method Two - select
105 #include <coap2/coap.h>
107 #include <errno.h>
109 int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
111 coap_context_t *ctx = NULL;
113 int coap_fd;
114 fd_set m_readfds;
115 int nfds;
116 /* Create the libcoap context */
118 ctx = coap_new_context(NULL);
119 if (!ctx) {
120 exit(1);
121 }
122 coap_fd = coap_context_get_coap_fd(ctx);
123 if (coap_fd == -1) {
124 exit(1);
125 }
126 FD_ZERO(&m_readfds);
127 FD_SET(coap_fd, &m_readfds);
128 nfds = coap_fd + 1;
129 /* Other Set up Code */
131 while (1) {
133 fd_set readfds = m_readfds;
134 int result;
135 /* Wait until any i/o takes place */
136 result = select (nfds, &readfds, NULL, NULL, NULL);
137 if (result == -1) {
138 if (errno != EAGAIN) {
139 coap_log(LOG_DEBUG, "select: %s (%d)\n", coap_socket_strerror(), errno);
140 break;
141 }
142 }
143 if (result > 0) {
144 if (FD_ISSET(coap_fd, &readfds)) {
145 result = coap_run_once(ctx, COAP_RUN_NONBLOCK);
146 if (result < 0) {
147 /* There is an internal issue */
148 break;
149 }
150 }
151 }
152 /* Do any other housekeeping */
153 }
154 coap_free_context(ctx);
155 /* Do any other cleanup */
157 exit(0);
159 }
161 Method Two - epoll
163 #include <coap2/coap.h>
165 #include <sys/epoll.h>
167 #include <errno.h>
169 #define MAX_EVENTS 10
171 int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
173 coap_context_t *ctx = NULL;
175 int coap_fd;
176 int epoll_fd;
177 struct epoll_event ev;
178 struct epoll_event events[MAX_EVENTS];
179 int nevents;
180 int i;
181 /* Create the libcoap context */
183 ctx = coap_new_context(NULL);
184 if (!ctx) {
185 exit(1);
186 }
187 coap_fd = coap_context_get_coap_fd(ctx);
188 if (coap_fd == -1) {
189 exit(1);
190 }
191 epoll_fd = epoll_create1(0);
192 if (epoll_fd == -1) {
193 exit(2);
194 }
195 ev.events = EPOLLIN;
196 ev.data.fd = coap_fd;
197 if (epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, coap_fd, &ev) == -1) {
198 exit(3);
199 }
200 /* Other Set up Code */
202 while (1) {
204 int result;
205 /* Wait until any i/o takes place */
206 nevents = epoll_wait(epoll_fd, events, MAX_EVENTS, -1);
207 if (nevents == -1) {
208 if (errno != EAGAIN) {
209 coap_log(LOG_DEBUG, "epoll_wait: %s (%d)\n", coap_socket_strerror(), errno);
210 break;
211 }
212 }
213 for (i = 0; i < nevents; i++) {
214 if (events[i].data.fd == coap_fd) {
215 result = coap_run_once(ctx, COAP_RUN_NONBLOCK);
216 if (result < 0) {
217 /* There is an internal issue */
218 break;
219 }
220 }
221 else {
222 /* Process other events */
223 }
224 }
225 /* Do any other housekeeping */
226 }
227 if (epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, coap_fd, &ev) == -1) {
229 coap_log(LOG_DEBUG, "epoll_ctl: %s (%d)\n", coap_socket_strerror(), errno);
230 }
231 coap_free_context(ctx);
232 /* Do any other cleanup */
234 exit(0);
236 }
238
240 coap_context(3)
241
243 See "RFC7252: The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)" for further
244 information.
245
247 Please report bugs on the mailing list for libcoap:
248 libcoap-developers@lists.sourceforge.net
249
251 The libcoap project <libcoap-developers@lists.sourceforge.net>
252coap_io 4.2.1 07/28/2020 COAP_IO(3)