1Hilbert(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation Hilbert(3)
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6 Math::Curve::Hilbert - Perl Implementation of Hilberts space filling
7 Curve
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10 use Math::Curve::Hilbert;
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12 # get object representing 8x8 curve with a step of 10 (i.e. draw 80x80 pixels)
13 my $hilbert = Math::Curve::Hilbert->new( direction=>'up', max=>3, clockwise=>1, step=>10);
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15 # get a point from coordinates
16 my $point = $hilbert->PointFromCoordinates(20,60);
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18 # get coordinates from a point
19 my ($x,$y) = $hilbert->CoordinatesFromPoint($point);
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22 # get range(s) from box
23 my @ranges = $hilbert->RangeFromCoordinates($x1,$y1,$x2,$y2);
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25 #
26 # draw image representing curve
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28 use GD;
29 # create a new image
30 my $im = new GD::Image(300,300);
31 my $black = $im->colorAllocate(0,0,0);
32 my $blue = $im->colorAllocate(0,0,255);
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34 my $count = 0;
35 my ($x1,$y1) = $hilbert->CoordinatesFromPoint($count++);
36 while ( ($hilbert->CoordinatesFromPoint($count))[0] ) {
37 my ($x2,$y2) = $hilbert->CoordinatesFromPoint($count++);
38 $im->line($x1,$y1,$x2,$y2,$black);
39 ($x1,$y1) = ($x2,$y2);
40 }
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43 The Hilbert Curve module provides some useful functions using Hilberts
44 Space-filling Curve. This is handy for things like Dithering,
45 Flattening n-dimensional data, fractals - all kind of things really.
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47 "A Space Filling Curve is a special fractal curve which has the
48 following basic characteristics:
49 it covers completely an area, a volume or a hyper-volume in a 2-d,
50 3-d or N-d space respectively,
51 each point is visited once and only once (the curve does not cross
52 itself), and
53 neighbor points in the native space are likely to be neighbors in the
54 space filling curve." definition from Multiple Range Query
55 Optimization in Spatial Databases, Apostolos N. Papadopoulos and Yannis
56 Manolopoulos
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58 Other space filling curves include The Peano and Morton or Z-order
59 curves. There is also the Hilbert II curve which has an 'S' shape
60 rather than a 'U' shape. The Hilbert curve can also be applied to 3
61 dimensions, but this module only supports 2 dimensions.
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63 Like most space filling curves, the area must be divided into 2 to the
64 power of N parts, such as 8, 16, 32, etc
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66 EXPORT
67 None by default.
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70 new
71 # get object representing 8x8 curve with a step of 10 (i.e. draw 80x80 pixels)
72 my $hilbert = Math::Curve::Hilbert->new( direction=>'up', max=>3, clockwise=>1, step=>10);
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74 direction specifies which direction the curve follows :
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76 up (clockwise) : up, right, down
77 down (clockwise ) : down, right, up
78 left (clockwise) : left, up, right
79 right (clockwise) : right, down, left
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81 clockwise specifies if the curve moves clockwise or anti-clockwise, the default is clockwise
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83 max specifies the size of the grid to plot in powers of 2 - max=>2 would be a 4x4 grid, max=>4 would be 16 x 16 grid
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85 step specifies how large a step should be (used in drawing the curve), the default is 1
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87 X and Y allow you to specify a starting X and Y coordinate by passing a reference to a the value
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89 PointFromCoordinates
90 my $point = $hilbert->PointFromCoordinates(20,60);
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92 CoordinatesFromPoint
93 my ($x1,$y1) = $hilbert->CoordinatesFromPoint($point);
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95 RangeFromCoordinates
96 # get range(s) from box
97 my @ranges = $hilbert->RangeFromCoordinates($x1,$y1,$x2,$y2);
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100 A. J. Trevena, <teejay@droogs.org>
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103 perl.
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105 <http://mathworld.wolfram.com/HilbertCurve.html>
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108 Hey! The above document had some coding errors, which are explained
109 below:
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111 Around line 48:
112 Non-ASCII character seen before =encoding in ''. Assuming UTF-8
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116perl v5.32.0 2020-07-28 Hilbert(3)