1Getopt(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation Getopt(3)
2
6 Tk::Getopt - User configuration window for Tk with interface to
7 Getopt::Long
8
10 use Tk::Getopt;
11 @opttable = (['opt1', '=s', 'default'], ['opt2', '!', 1], ...);
12 $opt = new Tk::Getopt(-opttable => \@opttable,
13 -options => \%options,
14 -filename => "$ENV{HOME}/.options");
15 $opt->set_defaults; # set default values
16 $opt->load_options; # configuration file
17 $opt->get_options; # command line
18 $opt->process_options; # process callbacks, check restrictions ...
19 print $options->{'opt1'}, $options->{'opt2'} ...;
20 ...
21 $top = new MainWindow;
22 $opt->option_editor($top);
23 or using a Getopt::Long-like interface
25 $opt = new Tk::Getopt(-getopt => ['help' => \$HELP,
27 'file:s' => \$FILE,
28 'foo!' => \$FOO,
29 'num:i' => \$NO,
30 ]);
31 or an alternative Getopt::Long interface
33 %optctl = ('foo' => \$foo,
35 'bar' => \$bar);
36 $opt = new Tk::Getopt(-getopt => [\%optctl, "foo!", "bar=s"]);
37
39 Tk::Getopt provides an interface to access command line options via
40 Getopt::Long and editing with a graphical user interface via a Tk
41 window.
42 Unlike Getopt::Long, this package uses a object oriented interface, so
44 you have to create a new Tk::Getopt object with new. Unlike other
45 packages in the Tk hierarchy, this package does not define a Tk widget.
46 The graphical interface is calles by the method option_editor.
47 After creating an object with new, you can parse command line options
49 by calling get_options. This method calls itself
50 Getopt::Long::GetOptions.
51
53 new Tk::Getopt(arg_hash)
54 Constructs a new object of the class Tk::Getopt. Arguments are
55 passed in a hash (just like Tk widgets and methods). There are many
56 variants to specify the option description. You can use an
57 interface similar to Getopt::Long::GetOptions by using -getopt or a
58 more powerful interface by using -opttable. Internally, the option
59 description will be converted to the -opttable interface. One of
60 the arguments -getopt or -opttable are mandatory.
61 The arguments for new are:
63 -getopt
65 -getopt should be a reference to a hash or an array. This hash
66 has the same format as the argument to the
67 Getopt::Long::GetOptions function. Look at Getopt::Long for a
68 detailed description. Note also that not all of GetOptions is
69 implemented, see "BUGS" for further information.
70 Example:
72 new Tk::Getopt(-getopt => [\%options,
74 "opt1=i", "opt2=s" ...]);
75 -opttable
77 -opttable provides a more powerful interface. The options are
78 stored in variables named $opt_XXX or in a hash when -options
79 is given (see below). -opttable should be a reference to an
80 array containing all options. Elements of this array may be
81 strings, which indicate the beginning of a new group, or array
82 references describing the options. The first element of this
83 array is the name of the option, the second is the type ("=s"
84 for string, "=i" for integer, "!" for boolean, "=f" for float
85 etc., see Getopt::Long) for a detailed list. The third element
86 is optional and contains the default value (otherwise the
87 default is undefined). Further elements are optional too and
88 describe more attributes. For a complete list of these
89 attributes refer to "OPTTABLE ARGUMENTS".
90 If an option has no name, then the third element in the
92 description array will be used as an global message for the
93 current option page. This message can be multi-line. Example:
94 ['', '', 'This is an explanation for this option group.']
95 To insert horizontal lines, use:
97 ['', '', '-']
98 Here is an example for a simple opttable:
100 @opttable =
102 ('First section',
103 ['', '', 'Section description'],
104 ['debug', '!', 0],
105 ['age', '=i', 18],
106 'Second section',
108 ['', '', 'Description for 2nd section'],
109 ['browser', '=s', 'tkweb'],
110 ['foo', '=f', undef],
111 );
112 new Tk::Getopt(-opttable => \@opttable,
113 -options => \%options);
114 -options
116 This argument should be a reference to an (empty) hash. Options
117 are set into this hash. If this argument is missing, options
118 will be stored in variables named $opt_XXX.
119 -filename
121 This argument is optional and specifies the filename for
122 loading and saving options.
123 -nosafe
125 If set to true, do not use a safe compartment when loading
126 options (see load_options).
127 -useerrordialog
129 If set to true, then use an error dialog in user-relevant error
130 conditions. Otherwise, the error message is printed to STDERR.
131 This only includes errors which may happen in normal operation,
132 but not programming errors like specifying erroneous options.
133 If no Tk context is available (i.e. there is no MainWindow),
134 then the error message will also be printed to STDERR.
135 set_defaults
137 Sets default values. This only applies if the -opttable variant is
138 used.
139 load_options(filename)
141 Loads options from file filename, or, if not specified, from
142 object's filename as specified in new. The loading is done in a
143 safe compartment ensure security.The loaded file should have a
144 reference to a hash named $loadoptions.
145 save_options(filename)
147 Writes options to file filename, or, if not specified, from
148 object's filename as specified in new. The saving is done with
149 Data::Dumper. Since saving may fail, you should call this method
150 inside of "eval {}" and check $@. Possible exceptions are "No
151 Data::Dumper" (cannot find the Data::Dumper module) and "Writing
152 failed" (cannot write to file).
153 get_options
155 Gets options via GetOptions. Returns the same value as GetOptions,
156 i.e. 0 indicates that the function detected one or more errors.
157 If you want to process options which does not appear in the GUI,
159 you have two alternatives:
160 · Use the -opttable variant of the "new" constructor and mark
162 all non-GUI options with nogui, e.g.
163 new Tk::Getopt(-opttable => ['not-in-gui', '!', undef,
165 nogui => 1], ...)
166 · Use Getopt::Long::passthrough and process non-GUI options
168 directly with Getopt::Long::GetOptions. The remaining args
169 can be passed to get_options.
170 Example:
172 use Tk::Getopt;
174 use Getopt::Long;
175 $Getopt::Long::passthrough = 1;
177 GetOptions('options!' => \$preloadopt);
178 $Getopt::Long::passthrough = 0;
179 $opt = new Tk::Getopt( ... );
181 $opt->get_options;
182 usage
184 Generates an usage string from object's opttable. The usage string
185 is constructed from the option name, default value and help
186 entries.
187 process_options([undo_hash])
189 Checks wheather given values are valid (if strict is set) and calls
190 any callbacks specified by the sub option. If undo_hash is given
191 and the new value of an option did not change, no sub is called.
192 option_editor(widget, [arguments ...])
194 Pops the option editor up. The editor provides facilitied for
195 editing options, undoing, restoring to their default valued and
196 saving to the default options file.
197 The option editor is non-modal. For a modal dialog, see below for
199 the "option_dialog" method.
200 The first argument is the parent widget. Further optional arguments
202 are passed as a hash:
203 -callback
205 Execute additional callback after creating the option
206 editor. Arguments passed to this callback are: reference to
207 the Tk::Getopt object and a reference to the option editor
208 window.
209 -nosave Disable saving of options.
211 -savevar
213 When saving with the "saveoptions" method, use the
214 specified variable reference instead of the "-var"
215 reference. This is useful if "-var" is a subroutine
216 reference.
217 -buttons
219 Specify, which buttons should be drawn. It is advisable to
220 draw at least the OK and Cancel buttons. The default set
221 looks like this:
222 -buttons => [qw/ok apply cancel undo lastsaved save defaults/]
224 A minimal set could look like (here OK means accept and
226 save)
227 -buttons => [qw/oksave cancel/]
229 (and using less buttons is recommended).
231 -toplevel
233 Use another widget class instead of Toplevel for embedding
234 the option editor, e.g. "Frame" to embed the editor into
235 another toplevel widget (do not forget to pack the frame!).
236 See also the "-pack" option below.
237 -transient
239 Set the transient flag on the toplevel window. See the
240 description of the transient method in Tk::Wm.
241 -transient => $mw
243 -pack If using "-toplevel" with a non-Toplevel widget (e.g.
245 Frame) and using the "-wait" option, then packing have to
246 be done through the "-pack" option. The argument to this
247 option is a array reference of pack options, e.g.
248 $opt->option_editor(-toplevel => "Frame",
250 -wait => 1,
251 -pack => [-fill => "both", -expand => 1]);
252 -statusbar
254 Use an additional status bar for help messages.
255 -string Change button labels and title. This argument should be a
257 hash reference with all or a subset of the following keys:
258 "optedit", "undo", "lastsaved", "save", "defaults", "ok",
259 "cancel", "helpfor".
260 -wait Do not return immediately, but rather wait for the user
262 pressing OK or Cancel.
263 -page Raise the named notebook page (if grouping is used, see
265 below).
266 Since the option editor uses the "NoteBook" widget, options may be
268 grouped in several pages. Grouping is only possible if using the
269 "-opttable" variant of "new". Help messages are shown in balloons
270 and, if specified, in a statusbar.
271 option_editor returns a reference to the created window.
273 Note: this method returns immediately to the calling program.
275 Buttons in the option editor window:
277 OK Accept options and close option editor window.
279 Cancel
281 Set old values and close option editor window.
282 Undo
284 Set old values. Further selections toggle between new and old
285 values.
286 Last saved
288 Set last saved options. This button is not displayed if no
289 filename was given in "new".
290 Save
292 Save options to file. This button is not displayed if no
293 filename was given in "new".
294 The option types are translated to following widgets:
296 Boolean
298 Checkbutton (_boolean_widget)
299 Integer and Float
301 Scale, if range is set, otherwise either BrowseEntry or Entry
302 (_integer_widget, _float_widget).
303 String
305 BrowseEntry if choices is set, otherwise entry
306 (_string_widget). FileDialog if subtype is set to file.
307 option_dialog(widget, [arguments ...])
309 This method works like "option_editor", but it shows the option
310 editor as a modal dialog. Additionaly, the return value is either
311 ok or cancel depending on how the user quits the editor.
312
314 Additional attributes in an option description have to be key-value
315 pairs with following keys:
316 alias
318 An array of aliases also accepted by Getopt::Long.
319 callback
321 Call a subroutine every time the option changes (e.g. after
322 pressing on Apply, Ok or after loading). The callback will get a
323 hash with the following keys as argument:
324 optdef
326 The opttable item definition for this option.
327 bag A hash reference which is persistent for this "process_options"
329 call. This can be used to share state between multiple
330 callbacks.
331 callback-interactive
333 Like "callback", but only applies in interactive mode.
334 label
336 A label to be displayed in the GUI instead of the option name.
337 help
339 A short help string used by usage and the Balloon help facility in
340 option_editor.
341 longhelp
343 A long help string used by option_editor.
344 choices
346 An array of additional choices for the option editor.
347 If "strict" is set to a true value, then the elements of choices
349 may also contain array references. In this case the first value of
350 the "sub" array references are the display labels and the second
351 value the used value. This is similar to Tk::Optionmenu (in fact,
352 for displaying this option an Optionmenu is used).
353 choices => ["one", "two", "three"]
355 choices => [["english" => "en"],
357 ["deutsch" => "de"],
358 ["hrvatski" => "hr"]]
359 range
361 An array with the beginning and end of a range for an integer or
362 float value.
363 strict
365 Must be used with choices or range. When set to true, options have
366 to match either the choices or the range.
367 subtype
369 Valid subtypes are file, savefile, dir, geometry, font and color.
370 These can be used with string options. For file and savefile, the
371 GUI interface will pop up a file dialog, using getOpenFile for the
372 former and getSaveFile for the latter. For dir, the GUI interface
373 will pop up a dialog for selecting directories (using either
374 Tk::chooseDirectory, Tk::DirSelect, or a custom dialog built on top
375 of Tk::DirTree). If the geometry subtype is specified, the user can
376 set the current geometry of the main window. The color subtype is
377 not yet implemented.
378 var Use variable instead of $options->{optname} or $opt_optname to
380 store the value.
381 nogui
383 This option will not have an entry in the GUI.
384 size
386 Create an entry with the specified size.
387 maxlength
389 Restrict the maximum number of characters in entries.
390 widget
392 This should be a reference to a subroutine for creating an own
393 widget. Folowing arguments will be passed to this subroutine: a
394 reference to the Tk::Getopt object, Frame object, and the options
395 entry. The options entry should be used to get the variable
396 reference with the "_varref" method. The subroutine should create a
397 widget in the frame (packing is not necessary!) and should return a
398 reference to the created widget.
399 A sample with an opttable entry for a custom numeric entry using
401 the CPAN module Tk::NumEntry:
402 ['numentry', '=i', 50,
404 range => [0, 100],
405 widget => sub { numentry_widget(@_) },
406 ],
407 And "numentry_widget" defined as:
409 use Tk::NumEntry;
411 sub numentry_widget {
412 my($self, $frame, $opt) = @_;
413 my $v = $self->varref($opt);
414 $frame->NumEntry(-minvalue => $opt->[3]{range}[0],
415 -maxvalue => $opt->[3]{range}[1],
416 -variable => $v,
417 -value => $$v,
418 );
419 }
420 Here is an example for using a complex opttable description:
422 @opttable =
424 ('Misc', # Head of first group
425 ['debug', # name of the option (--debug)
426 '!', # type boolean, accept --nodebug
427 0, # default is 0 (false)
428 callback => sub { $^W = 1
429 if $options->{'debug'}; }
430 # additional attribute: callback to be called if
431 # you set or change the value
432 ],
433 ['age',
434 '=i', # option accepts integer value
435 18,
436 strict => 1, # value must be in range
437 range => [0, 100], # allowed range
438 alias => ['year', 'years'] # possible aliases
439 ],
440 'External', # Head of second group
441 ['browser',
442 '=s', # option accepts string value
443 'tkweb',
444 choices => ['mosaic', 'netscape',
445 'lynx', 'chimera'],
446 # choices for the list widget in the GUI
447 label => 'WWW browser program'
448 # label for the GUI instead of 'browser'
449 ],
450 ['foo',
451 '=f', # option accepts float value
452 undef, # no default value
453 help => 'This is a short help',
454 # help string for usage() and the help balloon
455 longhelp => 'And this is a slightly longer help'
456 # longer help displayed in the GUI's help window
457 ]);
458
460 These methods operate on option entries:
461 varref(optentry)
463 Return the variable reference for this entry.
464 optextra(optentry, optarg)
466 Return the value for the specified optarg argument. See the
467 "OPTTABLE ARGUMENTS" section above for a list of possible
468 arguments.
469
471 The argument to -opttable can be converted to a "Getopt::Long"
472 compatible argument list with the following function:
473 sub opttable_to_getopt {
475 my(%args) = @_;
476 my $options = $args{-options};
477 my @getopt;
478 for (@{$args{-opttable}}) {
479 if (ref $_) {
480 push @getopt, $_->[0].$_->[1];
481 if (defined $_->[3] and ref $_->[3] ne 'HASH') {
482 my %h = splice @$_, 3;
483 $_->[3] = \%h;
484 }
485 if ($_->[3]{'var'}) {
486 push @getopt, $_->[3]{'var'};
487 } else {
488 push @getopt, \$options->{$_->[0]};
489 }
490 }
491 }
492 @getopt;
493 }
494
496 You need at least:
497 · perl5.004 (perl5.003 near 5.004 may work too, e.g perl5.003_26)
499 · Tk400.202 (better: Tk800.007) (only if you want the GUI)
501 · Data-Dumper-2.07 (only if you want to save options and it's anyway
503 standard in perl5.005)
504
506 Be sure to pass a real hash reference (not a uninitialized reference)
507 to the -options switch in "new Tk::Getopt". Use either:
508 my %options;
510 my $opt = new Tk::Getopt(-options => \%options ...)
511 or
513 my $options = {};
515 my $opt = new Tk::Getopt(-options => $options ...)
516 Note the initial assignement for $options in the second example.
518 Not all of Getopt::Long is supported (array and hash options, <>,
520 abbrevs).
521 The option editor probably should be a real widget.
523 The option editor window may grow very large if NoteBook is not used
525 (should use a scrollable pane).
526 If the user resizes the window, the buttons at bottom may disappear.
528 This is confusing and it is advisable to disallow the resizing:
529 $opt_editor = $opt->option_editor;
531 $opt_editor->resizable(0,0);
532 The API will not be stable until version 1.00.
534 This manual is confusing. In fact, the whole module is confusing.
536 Setting variables in the editor should not set immediately the real
538 variables. This should be done only by Apply and Ok buttons.
539 There's no -font option (you have to use tricks with the option db and
541 a special Name for the option editor):
542 $top->optionAdd("*somename*font" => $font);
544 $opt->option_editor(Name => "somename", ...);
545 There's no (easy) way to get a large option editor fit on small
547 screens. Try -font, if it would exist, but see above.
548
550 Slaven Rezic <slaven@rezic.de>
551 This package is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
553 under the same terms as Perl itself.
554
556 perl Getopt::Long Data::Dumper Tk Tk::FileDialog Tk::NoteBook Tk::Tiler
557 Safe
558perl v5.32.0 2020-07-28 Getopt(3)