1HYPERTOC(1)           User Contributed Perl Documentation          HYPERTOC(1)
2
3
4

NAME

6       hypertoc - generate a table of contents for HTML documents
7

VERSION

9       version 3.20
10

SYNOPSIS

12       hypertoc --help | --manpage | --man_help | --man
13
14       hypertoc [--bak string ] [ --debug ] [ --entrysep string ] [ --footer
15       file ] [ --header file ] [ --ignore_only_one ] [ --ignore_sole_first ]
16       [ --inline ] [ --make_anchors ] [ --make_toc ] [ --notoc_match string ]
17       [ --ol | --nool ] [ --ol_num_levels ] [ --outfile file ] [ --overwrite
18       ] [ --quiet ] [ --textonly ] [ --title string ] { --toc_after
19       tag=suffix } { --toc_before tag=prefix } { --toc_end tag=endtag } {
20       --toc_entry tag=level } [ --toc_label string ] [ --toc_only |
21       --notoc_only ] [ --toc_tag string ] [ --toc_tag_replace ] [ --use_id ]
22       [ --useorg ] file ...
23

DESCRIPTION

25       hypertoc allows you to specify "significant elements" that will be
26       hyperlinked to in a "Table of Contents" (ToC) for a given set of HTML
27       documents.
28
29       Basically, the ToC generated is a multi-level level list containing
30       links to the significant elements. hypertoc inserts the links into the
31       ToC to significant elements at a level specified by the user.
32
33       Example:
34
35       If H1s are specified as level 1, than they appear in the first level
36       list of the ToC. If H2s are specified as a level 2, than they appear in
37       a second level list in the ToC.
38
39       There are two aspects to the ToC generation: (1) putting suitable
40       anchors into the HTML documents (--make_anchors), and (2) generating
41       the ToC from HTML documents which have anchors in them for the ToC to
42       link to (--make_toc).  One can choose to do one or both of these.
43
44       hypertoc also supports the ability to incorporate the ToC into the HTML
45       document itself via the --inline option.
46
47       In order for hypertoc to support linking to significant elements,
48       hypertoc inserts anchors into the significant elements.  One can use
49       hypertoc as a filter, outputing the result to another file, or one can
50       overwrite the original file, with the original backed up with a suffix
51       (default: "org") appended to the filename.
52
53       One can also define options in a config file as well as on the command-
54       line.
55

OPTIONS

57       Options can start with "--" or "-"; boolean options can be negated by
58       preceding them with "no"; options with hash or array values can be
59       added to by giving the option again for each value.
60
61       See Getopt::Long for more information.
62
63       --argfile filename
64           The name of a file to read more options from.  This can be used
65           more than once.  For example:
66
67           --argfile your.args --argfile my.args
68
69           See "Options Files" for more information.
70
71       --bak
72           --bak string
73
74           If the input file/files is/are being overwritten (--overwrite is
75           on), copy the original file to "filename.string".  If the value is
76           empty, there is no backup file written.  (default:org)
77
78       --debug
79           Enable verbose debugging output.  Used for debugging this module;
80           in other words, don't bother.  (default:off)
81
82       --entrysep
83           --entrysep string
84
85           Separator string for non-<li> item entries (default: ", ")
86
87       --footer
88           --footer file
89
90           File containing footer text for table of contents.
91
92       --header
93           --header file
94
95           File containing header text for table of contents.
96
97       --help
98           Print a short help message and exit.
99
100       --ignore_only_one
101           If there would be only one item in the ToC, don't make a ToC.
102
103       --ignore_sole_first
104           If the first item in the ToC is of the highest level, AND it is the
105           only one of that level, ignore it.  This is useful in web-pages
106           where there is only one H1 header but one doesn't know beforehand
107           whether there will be only one.
108
109       --inline
110           Put ToC in document at a given point.  See "Inlining the ToC" for
111           more information.
112
113       --make_anchors | --gen_anchors
114           Create anchors for the table-of-contents to link to.
115
116       --make_toc | --gen_toc
117           Make a Table-of-Contents which links to anchored significant
118           elements.
119
120       --man_help | --manpage | --man
121           Print all documentation and exit.
122
123       --notoc_match
124           --notoc_match string
125
126           If there are certain individual tags you don't wish to include in
127           the table of contents, even though they match the "significant
128           elements", then if this pattern matches contents inside the tag
129           (not the body), then that tag will not be included, either in
130           generating anchors nor in generating the ToC.  (default:
131           class="notoc")
132
133       --ol | --nool
134           Use an ordered list for Table-of-Contents entries (to a given
135           depth).  If --ol is false (i.e. --nool is set) then don't use an
136           ordered list for ToC entries.
137
138           (default:false)
139
140           (See --ol_num_levels to determine how deep the ordered-list listing
141           goes)
142
143       --ol_num_levels
144           The number of levels deep the OL listing will go if --ol is true.
145           If set to zero, will use an ordered list for all levels.
146           (default:1)
147
148       --outfile
149           --outfile file
150
151           File to write the output to.  This is where the modified HTML
152           output and the Table-of-Contents goes to.  If you give '-' as the
153           filename, then output will go to STDOUT.  (default: STDOUT)
154
155       --overwrite
156           Overwrite the input file with the output.  If this is in effect,
157           --outfile is ignored. Used in generate_anchors for creating the
158           anchors "in place" and in generate_toc if the --inline option is in
159           effect.  (default:off)
160
161       --quiet
162           Suppress informative messages. (default: off)
163
164       --textonly
165           Use only text content in significant elements.
166
167       --title
168           --title string
169
170           Title for ToC page (if not using --header or --inline or
171           --toc_only) (default: "Table of Contents")
172
173       --toc_after
174           --toc_after tag=suffix
175
176           --toc_after "H2=</em>"
177
178           For defining layout of significant elements in the ToC.  The tag is
179           the HTML tag which marks the start of the element.  The suffix is
180           what is required to be appended to the Table of Contents entry
181           generated for that tag.  This is a cumulative hash argument.
182           (default: undefined)
183
184       --toc_before
185           --toc_before tag=prefix
186
187           --toc_before "H2=<em>"
188
189           For defining the layout of significant elements in the ToC.  The
190           tag is the HTML tag which marks the start of the element.  The
191           prefix is what is required to be prepended to the Table of Contents
192           entry generated for that tag.  This is a cumulative hash argument.
193           (default: undefined)
194
195       --toc_end
196           --toc_end tag=endtag
197
198           --toc_end "H1=/H1"
199
200           For defining significant elements.  The tag is the HTML tag which
201           marks the start of the element.  The endtag the HTML tag which
202           marks the end of the element.  When matching in the input file,
203           case is ignored (but make sure that all your tag options referring
204           to the same tag are exactly the same!).  This is a cumulative hash
205           argument.  (default: H1=/H1  H2=/H2)
206
207       --toc_entry
208           --toc_entry tag=level
209
210           --toc_entry "TITLE=1" --toc_entry "H1=2"
211
212           For defining significant elements.  The tag is the HTML tag which
213           marks the start of the element.  The level is what level the tag is
214           considered to be.  The value of level must be numeric, and non-
215           zero. If the value is negative, consective entries represented by
216           the significant_element will be separated by the value set by
217           --entrysep option.  This is a cumulative hash argument.  (default:
218           H1=1  H2=2)
219
220       --toc_label | --toclabel
221           --toc_label string
222
223           HTML text that labels the ToC.  Always used.  (default: "<h1>Table
224           of Contents</h1>")
225
226       --toc_only | --notoc_only
227           Output only the Table of Contents, that is, the Table of Contents
228           plus the toc_label.  If there is a --header or a --footer, these
229           will also be output.
230
231           If --toc_only is false (i.e. --notoc_only is set) then if there is
232           no --header, and --inline is not true, then a suitable HTML page
233           header will be output, and if there is no --footer and --inline is
234           not true, then a HTML page footer will be output.
235           (default:--notoc_only)
236
237       --toc_tag
238           --toc_tag string
239
240           If a ToC is to be included inline, this is the pattern which is
241           used to match the tag where the ToC should be put.  This can be a
242           start-tag, an end-tag or a comment, but the < should be left out;
243           that is, if you want the ToC to be placed after the BODY tag, then
244           give "BODY".  If you want a special comment tag to make where the
245           ToC should go, then include the comment marks, for example:
246           "!--toc--" (default:BODY)
247
248       --toc_tag_replace
249           In conjunction with --toc_tag, this is a flag to say whether the
250           given tag should be replaced, or if the ToC should be put after the
251           tag.  This can be useful if your toc_tag is a comment and you don't
252           need it after you have the ToC in place.  (default:false)
253
254       --use_id
255           Use id="name" for anchors rather than <a name="name"> anchors.
256           However if an anchor already exists for a Significant Element, this
257           won't make an ID for that particular element.
258
259       --useorg
260           Use pre-existing backup files as the input source; that is, files
261           of the form filename.bak  (see --bak).
262

FILE FORMATS

264   Options Files
265       Options can be given in files as well as on the command-line by using
266       the --argfile filename option in the command-line.  Also, the files
267       ~/.hypertocrc and ./.hypertocrc are checked for options.
268
269       The format is as follows: Lines starting with # are comments.  Lines
270       enclosed in PoD markers are also comments.  Blank lines are ignored.
271       The options themselves should be given the way they would be on the
272       command line, that is, the option name (including the --) followed by
273       its value (if any).
274
275       For example:
276
277           # set the ToC to be three-level
278           --toc_entry H1=1
279           --toc_entry H2=2
280           --toc_entry H3=3
281
282           --toc_end H1=/H1
283           --toc_end H2=/H2
284           --toc_end H3=/H3
285
286       Option files can be nested, by giving an --argfile filename argument
287       inside the option file, it will go and get that referred file as well.
288
289       See Getopt::ArgvFile for more information.
290

DETAILS

292   Significant Elements
293       Here are some examples of defining the significant elements for your
294       Table of Contents.
295
296       Example of Default
297
298       The following reflects the default setting if nothing is explicitly
299       specified:
300
301           --toc_entry "H1=1" --toc_end "H1=/H1" --toc_entry "H2=2" --toc_end "H2=/H2"
302
303       Or, if it was defined in one of the possible "Options Files":
304
305           # default settings
306           --toc_entry H1=1
307           --toc_end H1=/H1
308           --toc_entry H2=2
309           --toc_end H2=/H2
310
311       Example of before/after
312
313       The following options make use of the before/after options:
314
315           # An options file that adds some formatting
316           # make level 1 ToC entries <strong>
317           --toc_entry H1=1
318           --toc_end H1=/H1
319           --toc_before H1=<strong>
320           --toc_after H1=</strong>
321
322           # make level 2 ToC entries <em>
323           --toc_entry H2=2
324           --toc_end H2=/H2
325           --toc_before H2=<em>
326           --toc_after H2=</em>
327
328           # Make level 3 entries as is
329           --toc_entry H3=3
330           --toc_end H3=/H3
331
332       Example of custom end
333
334       The following options try to index definition terms:
335
336           # An options file that can work for Glossary type documents
337           --toc_entry H1=1
338           --toc_end H1=/H1
339           --toc_entry H2=2
340           --toc_end H2=/H2
341
342           # Assumes document has a DD for each DT, otherwise ToC
343           # will get entries with alot of text.
344           --toc_entry DT=3
345           --toc_end DT=DD
346           --toc_before DT=<em>
347           --toc_after DT=</em>
348
349   Formatting the ToC
350       The --toc_entry etc. options give you control on how the ToC entries
351       may look, but there are other options to affect the final appearance of
352       the ToC file created.
353
354       With the --header option, the contents of the given file will be
355       prepended before the generated ToC. This allows you to have
356       introductory text, or any other text, before the ToC.
357
358       Note:
359           If you use the --header option, make sure the file specified
360           contains the opening HTML tag, the HEAD element (containing the
361           TITLE element), and the opening BODY tag. However, these
362           tags/elements should not be in the header file if the --inline
363           options is used. See "Inlining the ToC" for information on what the
364           header file should contain for inlining the ToC.
365
366       With the --toc_label option, the contents of the given string will be
367       prepended before the generated ToC (but after any text taken from a
368       --header file).
369
370       With the --footer option, the contents of the file will be appended
371       after the generated ToC.
372
373       Note:
374           If you use the -footer, make sure it includes the closing BODY and
375           HTML tags (unless, of course, you are using the --inline option).
376
377       If the --header option is not specified, the appropriate starting HTML
378       markup will be added, unless the --toc_only option is specified.  If
379       the --footer option is not specified, the appropriate closing HTML
380       markup will be added, unless the --toc_only option is specified.
381
382       If you do not want/need to deal with header, and footer, files, then
383       you are alloed to specify the title, --title option, of the ToC file;
384       and it allows you to specify a heading, or label, to put before ToC
385       entries' list, the --toc_label option. Both options have default
386       values, see "OPTIONS" for more information on each option.
387
388       If you do not want HTML page tags to be supplied, and just want the ToC
389       itself, then specify the --toc_only option.  If there are no --header
390       or --footer files, then this will simply output the contents of
391       --toc_label and the ToC itself.
392
393   Inlining the ToC
394       The ability to incorporate the ToC directly into an HTML document is
395       supported via the --inline option.
396
397       Inlining will be done on the first file in the list of files processed,
398       and will only be done if that file contains an opening tag matching the
399       --toc_tag value.
400
401       If --overwrite is true, then the first file in the list will be
402       overwritten, with the generated ToC inserted at the appropriate spot.
403       Otherwise a modified version of the first file is output to either
404       STDOUT or to the output file defined by the --outfile option.
405
406       The options --toc_tag and --toc_tag_replace are used to determine where
407       and how the ToC is inserted into the output.
408
409       Example 1
410
411           # this is the default
412           --toc_tag BODY --notoc_tag_replace
413
414       This will put the generated ToC after the BODY tag of the first file.
415       If the --header option is specified, then the contents of the specified
416       file are inserted after the BODY tag.  If the --toc_label option is not
417       empty, then the text specified by the --toc_label option is inserted.
418       Then the ToC is inserted, and finally, if the --footer option is
419       specified, it inserts the footer.  Then the rest of the input file
420       follows as it was before.
421
422       Example 2
423
424           --toc_tag '!--toc--' --toc_tag_replace
425
426       This will put the generated ToC after the first comment of the form
427       <!--toc-->, and that comment will be replaced by the ToC (in the order
428           --header
429           --toc_label
430           ToC
431           --footer) followed by the rest of the input file.
432
433       Note:
434           The header file should not contain the beginning HTML tag and HEAD
435           element since the HTML file being processed should already contain
436           these tags/elements.
437

EXAMPLES

439   Create an inline ToC for one file
440           hypertoc --inline --make_anchors --overwrite --make_toc index.html
441
442       This will create anchors in "index.html", create a ToC with a heading
443       of "Table of Contents" and place it after the BODY tag of "index.html".
444       The file index.html.org will contain the original index.html file,
445       without ToC or anchors.
446
447   Create a ToC file from multiple files
448       First, create the anchors.
449
450           hypertoc --make_anchors --overwrite index.html fred.html george.html
451
452       Then create the ToC
453
454           hypertoc --make_toc --outfile table.html index.html fred.html george.html
455
456   Create an inline ToC after the first heading of the first file
457           hypertoc --make_anchors --inline --overwrite --make_toc --toc_tag /H1 \
458           --notoc_tag_replace --toc_label "" index.html fred.html george.html
459
460       This will create anchors in the "index.html", "fred.html" and
461       "george.html" files, create a ToC with no header and place it after the
462       first H1 header in "index.html" and back up the original files to
463       "index.html.org", "fred.html.org" and "george.html.org"
464
465   Create an inline ToC with custom elements
466               hypertoc --quiet --make_anchors --bak "" --overwrite \
467               --make_toc --inline --toc_label "" --toc_tag '!--toc--' \
468               --toc_tag_replace \
469               --toc_entry H2=1 --toc_entry H3=2 \
470               --toc_end H2=/H2 --toc_end H3=/H3 myfile.html
471
472       This will create an inline ToC overwriting the original file, and
473       replacing a <!--toc--> comment, and which takes H2 headers as level 1
474       and H3 headers as level 2.  This can be useful where the .html file is
475       generated by some other process, and you can then create the ToC as the
476       last step.
477
478   Create a ToC with custom elements
479           hypertoc --quiet --make_anchors --bak "" --overwrite \
480           --toc_entry TITLE=1 --toc_end TITLE=/TITLE
481           --toc_entry H2=2 --toc_entry H3=3 \
482           --toc_end H2=/H2 --toc_end H3=/H3 \
483           --make_toc --outfile index.html \
484           mary.html fred.html george.html
485
486       This creates anchors at the H2 and H3 elements, and creates a ToC file
487       called index.html, indexing on the TITLE, and the H2 and H3 elements.
488
489   Create a ToC with custom elements and options file
490       Given an options file called 'custom.opt' as follows:
491
492           # Title, H2 and H3
493           --toc_entry TITLE=1
494           --toc_end TITLE=/TITLE
495           --toc_entry H2=2
496           --toc_end H2=/H2
497           --toc_entry H3=3
498           --toc_end H3=/H3
499
500       then the previous example can have shorter command lines as follows:
501
502           hypertoc --quiet --make_anchors --bak "" --overwrite \
503           --argfile custom.opt --make_toc --outfile index.html mary.html fred.html george.html
504

NOTES

506       •   hypertoc is smart enough to detect anchors inside significant
507           elements. If the anchor defines the NAME attribute, hypertoc uses
508           the value. Else, it adds its own NAME attribute to the anchor.  If
509           --use_id is true, then it likewise checks for and uses IDs.
510
511       •   The TITLE element is treated specially if specified as a
512           significant element.  It is illegal to insert anchors (A) into
513           TITLE elements.  Therefore, hypertoc will actually link to the
514           filename itself instead of the TITLE element of the document.
515
516       •   hypertoc will ignore a significant element if it does not contain
517           any non-whitespace characters. A warning message is generated if
518           such a condition exists.
519
520       •   If you have a sequence of significant elements that change in a
521           slightly disordered fashion, such as H1 -> H3 -> H2 or even H2 ->
522           H1, though hypertoc deals with this to create a list which is still
523           good HTML, if you are using an ordered list to that depth, then you
524           will get strange numbering, as an extra list element will have been
525           inserted to nest the elements at the correct level.
526
527           For example (H2 -> H1 with --ol_num_levels=1):
528
529               1.
530                   * My H2 Header
531               2. My H1 Header
532
533           For example (H1 -> H3 -> H2 with --ol_num_levels=0 and H3 also
534           being significant):
535
536               1. My H1 Header
537                   1.
538                       1. My H3 Header
539                   2. My H2 Header
540               2. My Second H1 Header
541
542           In cases such as this it may be better not to use the --ol option.
543
544       •   If one is not using --overwrite when generating anchors, then the
545           command needs to be done in two passes, in order to give the
546           correct filenames (the ones with the actual anchors in them) to the
547           ToC generation part.  Otherwise the ToC will have anchors pointing
548           to files that don't have them.
549
550       •   When using --inline, care needs to be taken if overwriting -- if
551           one sets the ToC to be included after a given tag (such as the
552           default BODY) then if one runs the command repeatedly one could get
553           multiple ToCs in the same file, one after the other.
554

CAVEATS

556       •   Version 3.10 (and above) generates more verbose (SEO-friendly)
557           anchors than prior versions. Thus anchors generated with earlier
558           versions will not match version 3.10 anchors.
559
560       •   Version 3.00 (and above) of hypertoc behaves somewhat differently
561           than Version 2.x of hypertoc.  It is now designed to do everything
562           in one pass, and has dropped certain options: the --infile option
563           is no longer used (all filenames are put at the end of the
564           command); the --toc_file option no longer exists; use the --outfile
565           option instead; the --tocmap option is no longer supported.
566
567           It now generates lower-case tags rather than upper-case ones.
568
569       •   hypertoc is not very efficient (memory and speed), and can be slow
570           for large documents.
571
572       •   Now that generation of anchors and of the ToC are done in one pass,
573           even more memory is used than was the case before.  This is more
574           notable when processing multiple files, since all files are read
575           into memory before processing them.
576
577       •   Invalid markup will be generated if a significant element is
578           contained inside of an anchor. For example:
579
580               <a name="foo"><h1>The FOO command</h1></a>
581
582           will be converted to (if h1 is a significant element),
583
584               <a name="foo"><h1><a name="The">The</a> FOO command</h1></a>
585
586           which is illegal since anchors cannot be nested.
587
588           It is better style to put anchor statements within the element to
589           be anchored. For example, the following is preferred:
590
591               <h1><a name="foo">The FOO command</a></h1>
592
593           hypertoc will detect the "foo" NAME and use it.
594
595           Even better is to use IDs:
596
597               <h1 id="foo">The FOO command</h1>
598
599       •   NAME attributes without quotes are not recognized.
600

BUGS

602       Tell me about them.
603

REQUIRES

605           Getopt::Long
606           Getopt::ArgvFile
607           File::Basename
608           Pod::Usage
609           HTML::LinkList
610           HTML::Entities
611           HTML::GenToc
612

SCRIPT CATEGORIES

614       Web
615

ENVIRONMENT

617       HOME
618           hypertoc looks in the HOME directory for config files.
619

FILES

621       "~/.hypertocrc"
622           User configuration file.
623
624       ".hypertocrc"
625           Configuration file in the current working directory; overrides
626           options in "~/.hypertocrc" and is overridden by command-line
627           options.
628

SEE ALSO

630       perl(1) htmltoc(1) HTML::GenToc Getopt::ArgvFile Getopt::Long
631

AUTHOR

633       Kathryn Andersen      http://www.katspace.org/tools/hypertoc/
634
635       Based on htmltoc by Earl Hood       ehood AT medusa.acs.uci.edu
636
637       Contributions from Dan Dascalescu, <http://dandascalescu.com>
638
640       Copyright (C) 1994-1997  Earl Hood, ehood AT medusa.acs.uci.edu
641       Copyright (C) 2002-2008 Kathryn Andersen
642
643       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
644       under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
645       Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
646       option) any later version.
647
648       This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
649       WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
650       MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
651       General Public License for more details.
652
653       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
654       with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
655       675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
656
657
658
659perl v5.32.1                      2021-01-27                       HYPERTOC(1)
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