CGI::Compile(3pm)

1CGI::Compile(3pm)     User Contributed Perl Documentation    CGI::Compile(3pm)
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NAME

6       CGI::Compile - Compile .cgi scripts to a code reference like
7       ModPerl::Registry
8

SYNOPSIS

10         use CGI::Compile;
11         my $sub = CGI::Compile->compile("/path/to/script.cgi");
12

DESCRIPTION

14       CGI::Compile is a utility to compile CGI scripts into a code reference
15       that can run many times on its own namespace, as long as the script is
16       ready to run on a persistent environment.
17
18       NOTE: for best results, load CGI::Compile before any modules used by
19       your CGIs.
20

RUN ON PSGI

22       Combined with CGI::Emulate::PSGI, your CGI script can be turned into a
23       persistent PSGI application like:
24
25         use CGI::Emulate::PSGI;
26         use CGI::Compile;
27
28         my $cgi_script = "/path/to/foo.cgi";
29         my $sub = CGI::Compile->compile($cgi_script);
30         my $app = CGI::Emulate::PSGI->handler($sub);
31
32         # $app is a PSGI application
33

CAVEATS

35       If your CGI script has a subroutine that references the lexical scope
36       variable outside the subroutine, you'll see warnings such as:
37
38         Variable "$q" is not available at ...
39         Variable "$counter" will not stay shared at ...
40
41       This is due to the way this module compiles the whole script into a big
42       "sub". To solve this, you have to update your code to pass around the
43       lexical variables, or replace "my" with "our". See also
44       <http://perl.apache.org/docs/1.0/guide/porting.html#The_First_Mystery>
45       for more details.
46

METHODS

48   new
49       Does not need to be called, you only need to call it if you want to set
50       your own "namespace_root" for the generated packages into which the
51       CGIs are compiled into.
52
53       Otherwise you can just call "compile" as a class method and the object
54       will be instantiated with a "namespace_root" of "CGI::Compile::ROOT".
55
56       You can also set "return_exit_val", see "RETURN CODE" for details.
57
58       Example:
59
60           my $compiler = CGI::Compile->new(namespace_root => 'My::CGIs');
61           my $cgi      = $compiler->compile('/var/www/cgi-bin/my.cgi');
62
63   compile
64       Takes either a path to a perl CGI script or a source code and some
65       other optional parameters and wraps it into a coderef for execution.
66
67       Can be called as either a class or instance method, see "new" above.
68
69       Parameters:
70
71       •   $cgi_script
72
73           Path to perl CGI script file or a scalar reference that contains
74           the source code of CGI script, required.
75
76       •   $package
77
78           Optional, package to install the script into, defaults to the path
79           parts of the script joined with "_", and all special characters
80           converted to "_%2x", prepended with "CGI::Compile::ROOT::".
81
82           E.g.:
83
84               /var/www/cgi-bin/foo.cgi
85
86           becomes:
87
88               CGI::Compile::ROOT::var_www_cgi_2dbin_foo_2ecgi
89
90       Returns:
91
92       •   $coderef
93
94           $cgi_script or $$code compiled to coderef.
95

SCRIPT ENVIRONMENT

97   ARGUMENTS
98       Things like the query string and form data should generally be in the
99       appropriate environment variables that things like CGI expect.
100
101       You can also pass arguments to the generated coderef, they will be
102       locally aliased to @_ and @ARGV.
103
104   "BEGIN" and "END" blocks
105       "BEGIN" blocks are called once when the script is compiled.  "END"
106       blocks are called when the Perl interpreter is unloaded.
107
108       This may cause surprising effects. Suppose, for instance, a script that
109       runs in a forking web server and is loaded in the parent process. "END"
110       blocks will be called once for each worker process and another time for
111       the parent process while "BEGIN" blocks are called only by the parent
112       process.
113
114   %SIG
115       The %SIG hash is preserved meaning the script can change signal
116       handlers at will. The next invocation gets a pristine %SIG again.
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118   "exit" and exceptions
119       Calls to "exit" are intercepted and converted into exceptions. When the
120       script calls "exit 19" and exception is thrown and $@ contains a
121       reference pointing to the array
122
123           ["EXIT\n", 19]
124
125       Naturally, "$^S" in perlvar (exceptions being caught) is always "true"
126       during script runtime.
127
128       If you really want to exit the process call "CORE::exit" or set
129       $CGI::Compile::USE_REAL_EXIT to true before calling exit:
130
131           $CGI::Compile::USE_REAL_EXIT = 1;
132           exit 19;
133
134       Other exceptions are propagated out of the generated coderef. The
135       coderef's caller is responsible to catch them or the process will exit.
136
137   Return Code
138       The generated coderef's exit value is either the parameter that was
139       passed to "exit" or the value of the last statement of the script. The
140       return code is converted into an integer.
141
142       On a 0 exit, the coderef will return 0.
143
144       On an explicit non-zero exit, by default an exception will be thrown of
145       the form:
146
147           exited nonzero: <n>
148
149       where "n" is the exit value.
150
151       This only happens for an actual call to "exit" in perfunc, not if the
152       last statement value is non-zero, which will just be returned from the
153       coderef.
154
155       If you would prefer that explicit non-zero exit values are returned,
156       rather than thrown, pass:
157
158           return_exit_val => 1
159
160       in your call to "new".
161
162       Alternately, you can change this behavior globally by setting:
163
164           $CGI::Compile::RETURN_EXIT_VAL = 1;
165
166   Current Working Directory
167       If "CGI::Compile->compile" was passed a script file, the script's
168       directory becomes the current working directory during the runtime of
169       the script.
170
171       NOTE: to be able to switch back to the original directory, the compiled
172       coderef must establish the current working directory. This operation
173       may cause an additional flush operation on file handles.
174
175   "STDIN" and "STDOUT"
176       These file handles are not touched by "CGI::Compile".
177
178   The "DATA" file handle
179       If the script reads from the "DATA" file handle, it reads the
180       "__DATA__" section provided by the script just as a normal script would
181       do. Note, however, that the file handle is a memory handle. So, "fileno
182       DATA" will return "-1".
183
184   CGI.pm integration
185       If the subroutine "CGI::initialize_globals" is defined at script
186       runtime, it is called first thing by the compiled coderef.
187

PROTECTED METHODS

189       These methods define some of the internal functionality of CGI::Compile
190       and may be overloaded if you need to subclass this module.
191
192   _read_source
193       Reads the source of a CGI script.
194
195       Parameters:
196
197       •   $file_path
198
199           Path to the file the contents of which is to be read.
200
201       Returns:
202
203       •   $source
204
205           The contents of the file as a scalar string.
206
207   _build_subname
208       Creates a package name and coderef name into which the CGI coderef will
209       be compiled into. The package name will be prepended with
210       "$self-"{namespace_root}>.
211
212       Parameters:
213
214       •   $file_path
215
216           The path to the CGI script file, the package name is generated
217           based on this path.
218
219       Returns:
220
221       •   $package
222
223           The generated package name.
224
225       •   $subname
226
227           The generated coderef name, based on the file name (without
228           directory) of the CGI file path.
229
230   _eval
231       Takes the generated perl code, which is the contents of the CGI script
232       and some other things we add to make everything work smoother, and
233       returns the evaluated coderef.
234
235       Currently this is done by writing out the code to a temp file and
236       reading it in with "do" in perlfunc so that there are no issues with
237       lexical context or source filters.
238
239       Parameters:
240
241       •   $code
242
243           The generated code that will make the coderef for the CGI.
244
245       Returns:
246
247       •   $coderef
248
249           The coderef that is the resulting of evaluating the generated perl
250           code.
251

AUTHOR

253       Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
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CONTRIBUTORS

256       Rafael Kitover <rkitover@gmail.com>
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258       Hans Dieter Pearcey <hdp@cpan.org>
259
260       kocoureasy <igor.bujna@post.cz>
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262       Torsten Foertsch <torsten.foertsch@gmx.net>
263
264       Joern Reder <jreder@dimedis.de>
265
266       Pavel Mateja <pavel@verotel.cz>
267
268       lestrrat <lestrrat+github@gmail.com>
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COPYRIGHT & LICENSE

271       Copyright (c) 2020 Tatsuhiko Miyagawa <miyagawa@bulknews.net>
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273       This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
274       under the same terms as Perl itself.
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