1DBD::MariaDB(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation DBD::MariaDB(3)
2
6 DBD::MariaDB - MariaDB and MySQL driver for the Perl5 Database
7 Interface (DBI)
8
10 use DBI;
11 my $dsn = "DBI:MariaDB:database=$database;host=$hostname;port=$port";
13 my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password);
14 my $sth = $dbh->prepare(
16 'SELECT id, first_name, last_name FROM authors WHERE last_name = ?'
17 ) or die 'prepare statement failed: ' . $dbh->errstr();
18 $sth->execute('Eggers') or die 'execution failed: ' . $dbh->errstr();
19 print $sth->rows() . " rows found.\n";
20 while (my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_hashref()) {
21 print "Found a row: id = $ref->{'id'}, fn = $ref->{'first_name'}\n";
22 }
23
25 #!/usr/bin/perl
26 use strict;
28 use warnings;
29 use DBI;
30 # Connect to the database.
32 my $dbh = DBI->connect('DBI:MariaDB:database=test;host=localhost',
33 'joe', q(joe's password),
34 { RaiseError => 1, PrintError => 0 });
35 # Drop table 'foo'. This may fail, if 'foo' doesn't exist
37 # Thus we put an eval around it.
38 eval {
39 $dbh->do('DROP TABLE foo');
40 } or do {
41 print 'Dropping foo failed: ' . $dbh->errstr() . "\n";
42 };
43 # Create a new table 'foo'. This must not fail, thus we don't
45 # catch errors.
46 $dbh->do('CREATE TABLE foo (id INTEGER, name VARCHAR(20))');
47 # INSERT some data into 'foo' using placeholders
49 $dbh->do('INSERT INTO foo VALUES (?, ?)', undef, 2, 'Jochen');
50 # now retrieve data from the table.
52 my $sth = $dbh->prepare('SELECT * FROM foo');
53 $sth->execute();
54 while (my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_hashref()) {
55 print "Found a row: id = $ref->{'id'}, name = $ref->{'name'}\n";
56 }
57 # Disconnect from the database.
59 $dbh->disconnect();
60
62 DBD::MariaDB is the Perl5 Database Interface driver for MariaDB and
63 MySQL databases. In other words: DBD::MariaDB is an interface between
64 the Perl programming language and the MariaDB/MySQL programming API
65 that comes with the MariaDB/MySQL relational database management
66 system. Most functions provided by this programming API are supported.
67 Some rarely used functions are missing, mainly because no-one ever
68 requested them. :-)
69 In what follows we first discuss the use of DBD::MariaDB, because this
71 is what you will need the most. For installation, see the separate
72 document DBD::MariaDB::INSTALL. See "EXAMPLE" for a simple example
73 above.
74 From perl you activate the interface with the statement
76 use DBI;
78 After that you can connect to multiple MariaDB and MySQL database
80 servers and send multiple queries to any of them via a simple object
81 oriented interface. Two types of objects are available: database
82 handles and statement handles. Perl returns a database handle to the
83 connect method like so:
84 my $dbh = DBI->connect("DBI:MariaDB:database=$db;host=$host",
86 $user, $password,
87 { RaiseError => 1, PrintError => 0 });
88 Once you have connected to a database, you can execute SQL statements
90 with:
91 $dbh->do('INSERT INTO foo VALUES (?, ?)', undef, $number, $name);
93 See DBI do method for details. See also the bind_param method in DBI.
95 See "DATABASE HANDLES" below for more details on database handles.
96 If you want to retrieve results, you need to create a so-called
98 statement handle with:
99 my $sth = $dbh->prepare('SELECT * FROM ' . $dbh->quote_identifier($table));
101 $sth->execute();
102 This statement handle can be used for multiple things. First of all you
104 can retrieve a row of data:
105 my $row = $sth->fetchrow_hashref();
107 If your table has columns "ID" and "NAME", then $row will be hash ref
109 with keys "ID" and "NAME". See "STATEMENT HANDLES" below for more
110 details on statement handles.
111 But now for a more formal approach:
113 Class Methods
115 connect
116 use DBI;
117 my $dsn = "DBI:MariaDB:$database";
119 my $dsn = "DBI:MariaDB:database=$database;host=$hostname";
120 my $dsn = "DBI:MariaDB:database=$database;host=$hostname;port=$port";
121 my $dsn = "DBI:MariaDB:database=$database;mariadb_socket=$socket";
122 my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password);
124 The database is not a required attribute, but please note that
126 MariaDB and MySQL has no such thing as a default database. If you
127 don't specify the database at connection time your active database
128 will be null and you'd need to prefix your tables with the database
129 name; i.e. "SELECT * FROM mydb.mytable".
130 This is similar to the behavior of the "mariadb" or "mysql" command
132 line client. Also, "SELECT DATABASE()" will return the current
133 database active for the handle.
134 host
136 port
137 The host, if not specified or specified as empty string or
138 "localhost", will default to a MariaDB or MySQL server running
139 on the local machine using the default for the UNIX socket. To
140 connect to a MariaDB or MySQL server on the local machine via
141 TCP, you must specify the loopback IP address 127.0.0.1 as the
142 host.
143 Should the MariaDB or MySQL server be running on a non-standard
145 port number, you may explicitly state the "port number" to
146 connect to in the host argument, by concatenating the
147 "hostname" and "port number" together separated by a colon
148 (":") character or by using the port argument.
149 To connect to a MariaDB or MySQL server on localhost using
151 TCP/IP, you must specify the host as 127.0.0.1 with the
152 optional port, e.g. 3306.
153 When connecting to a MariaDB or MySQL Server with IPv6, a
155 bracketed IPv6 address should be used. Example DSN:
156 my $dsn = 'DBI:MariaDB:;host=[1a12:2800:6f2:85::f20:8cf];port=3306';
158 mariadb_client_found_rows
160 Enables (logical true value) or disables (logical false value)
161 the flag "CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS" while connecting to the MariaDB or
162 MySQL server. This has a somewhat funny effect. Without
163 mariadb_client_found_rows, if you perform a query like
164 UPDATE t SET id = 1 WHERE id = 1;
166 then the MariaDB or MySQL engine will always return 0, because
168 no rows have changed. With mariadb_client_found_rows however,
169 it will return the number of rows that have an id 1, as some
170 people are expecting. At least for compatibility to other
171 engines.
172 By default mariadb_client_found_rows is enabled.
174 mariadb_compression
176 If your DSN contains the option "mariadb_compression=1", then
177 the communication between client and server will be compressed.
178 mariadb_connect_timeout
180 If your DSN contains the option "mariadb_connect_timeout=##",
181 the connect request to the server will timeout if it has not
182 been successful after the given number of seconds. Zero value
183 means infinite timeout.
184 mariadb_write_timeout
186 If your DSN contains the option "mariadb_write_timeout=##", the
187 write operation to the server will timeout if it has not been
188 successful after the given number of seconds. Zero value means
189 infinite timeout.
190 mariadb_read_timeout
192 If your DSN contains the option "mariadb_read_timeout=##", the
193 read operation to the server will timeout if it has not been
194 successful after the given number of seconds. Zero value means
195 infinite timeout.
196 mariadb_init_command
198 If your DSN contains the option "mariadb_init_command=SQL",
199 then this "SQL" statement is executed when connecting to the
200 MariaDB or MySQL server. It is automatically re-executed if
201 reconnection occurs.
202 mariadb_skip_secure_auth
204 This option is for older MySQL databases that don't have secure
205 auth set.
206 mariadb_read_default_file
208 mariadb_read_default_group
209 These options can be used to read a config file like
210 /etc/my.cnf or ~/.my.cnf. By default MariaDB's and MySQL's C
211 client library doesn't use any config files unlike the client
212 programs (mysql, mysqladmin, ...) that do, but outside of the C
213 client library. Thus you need to explicitly request reading a
214 config file, as in
215 my $dsn = 'DBI:MariaDB:test;mariadb_read_default_file=/home/joe/my.cnf';
217 my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password);
218 The option mariadb_read_default_group can be used to specify
220 the default group in the config file: Usually this is the
221 "client" group, but see the following example:
222 [client]
224 host=localhost
225 [perl]
227 host=perlhost
228 (Note the order of the entries! The example won't work, if you
230 reverse the "[client]" and "[perl]" sections!)
231 If you read this config file, then you'll be typically
233 connected to "localhost". However, by using
234 my $dsn = 'DBI:MariaDB:test;mariadb_read_default_group=perl;'
236 . 'mariadb_read_default_file=/home/joe/my.cnf';
237 my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password);
238 you'll be connected to "perlhost". Note that if you specify a
240 default group and do not specify a file, then the default
241 config files will all be read. See the documentation of the C
242 function "mysql_options()" for details.
243 mariadb_socket
245 It is possible to choose the Unix socket that is used for
246 connecting to the server. This is done, for example, with
247 my $dsn = 'DBI:MariaDB:database=test;'
249 . 'mariadb_socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock';
250 Usually there's no need for this option, unless you are using
252 another location for the socket than that built into the
253 client.
254 mariadb_ssl
256 A true value turns on the "CLIENT_SSL" flag when connecting to
257 the MariaDB or MySQL server and enforce SSL encryption. A false
258 value (which is default) disable SSL encryption with the
259 MariaDB or MySQL server.
260 When enabling SSL encryption you should set also other SSL
262 options, at least mariadb_ssl_ca_file or mariadb_ssl_ca_path.
263 my $dsn = 'DBI:MariaDB:database=test;host=hostname;port=3306;'
265 . 'mariadb_ssl=1;mariadb_ssl_verify_server_cert=1;'
266 . 'mariadb_ssl_ca_file=/path/to/ca_cert.pem';
267 This means that your communication with the server will be
269 encrypted.
270 mariadb_ssl_ca_file
272 The path to a file in PEM format that contains a list of
273 trusted SSL certificate authorities.
274 When set MariaDB or MySQL server certificate is checked that it
276 is signed by some CA certificate in the list. Common Name value
277 is not verified unless mariadb_ssl_verify_server_cert is
278 enabled.
279 mariadb_ssl_ca_path
281 The path to a directory that contains trusted SSL certificate
282 authority certificates in PEM format.
283 When set MariaDB or MySQL server certificate is checked that it
285 is signed by some CA certificate in the list. Common Name value
286 is not verified unless mariadb_ssl_verify_server_cert is
287 enabled.
288 Please note that this option is supported only if your MariaDB
290 or MySQL client was compiled with OpenSSL library, and not with
291 default yaSSL library.
292 mariadb_ssl_verify_server_cert
294 Checks the server's Common Name value in the certificate that
295 the server sends to the client. The client verifies that name
296 against the host name the client uses for connecting to the
297 server, and the connection fails if there is a mismatch. For
298 encrypted connections, this option helps prevent man-in-the-
299 middle attacks.
300 Verification of the host name is disabled by default.
302 mariadb_ssl_client_key
304 The name of the SSL key file in PEM format to use for
305 establishing a secure connection.
306 mariadb_ssl_client_cert
308 The name of the SSL certificate file in PEM format to use for
309 establishing a secure connection.
310 mariadb_ssl_cipher
312 A list of permissible ciphers to use for connection encryption.
313 If no cipher in the list is supported, encrypted connections
314 will not work.
315 mariadb_ssl_cipher=AES128-SHA
317 mariadb_ssl_cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES128-SHA
318 mariadb_ssl_optional
320 Setting mariadb_ssl_optional to true disables strict SSL
321 enforcement and makes SSL connection optional. This option
322 opens security hole for man-in-the-middle attacks. Default
323 value is false which means that mariadb_ssl set to true
324 enforces SSL encryption.
325 Due to The BACKRONYM <http://backronym.fail/> and The Riddle
327 <https://riddle.link/> vulnerabilities in libmariadb and
328 libmysqlclient libraries, enforcement of SSL encryption was not
329 possible and therefore "mariadb_ssl_optional=1" was effectively
330 set for old DBD::mysql driver prior DBD::MariaDB fork was
331 created. DBD::MariaDB with "mariadb_ssl=1" could refuse
332 connection to MariaDB or MySQL server if underlying libmariadb
333 or libmysqlclient library is vulnerable. Option
334 mariadb_ssl_optional can be used to make SSL connection
335 vulnerable.
336 mariadb_local_infile
338 The "LOCAL" capability for "LOAD DATA" may be disabled in the
339 MariaDB or MySQL client library by default. If your DSN
340 contains the option "mariadb_local_infile=1", "LOAD DATA LOCAL"
341 will be enabled. However, this option is ineffective if the
342 server has also been configured to disallow "LOCAL".
343 mariadb_multi_statements
345 Support for multiple statements separated by a semicolon (";")
346 may be enabled by using this option. Enabling this option may
347 cause problems if server-side prepared statements are also
348 enabled.
349 mariadb_server_prepare
351 This option is used to enable server side prepared statements.
352 By default prepared statements are not used and placeholder
353 replacement is done by DBD::MariaDB prior to sending SQL
354 statement to MariaDB or MySQL server.
355 This default behavior may change in the future.
357 To use server side prepared statements, all you need to do is
359 set the variable mariadb_server_prepare in the connect:
360 my $dbh = DBI->connect(
362 'DBI:MariaDB:database=test;host=localhost;mariadb_server_prepare=1',
363 'user',
364 'password',
365 { RaiseError => 1, PrintError => 0 },
366 );
367 or:
369 my $dbh = DBI->connect(
371 'DBI:MariaDB:database=test;host=localhost',
372 'user',
373 'password',
374 { RaiseError => 1, PrintError => 0, mariadb_server_prepare => 1 },
375 );
376 There are many benefits to using server side prepare
378 statements, mostly if you are using SQL statements with
379 placeholders or performing many inserts because of that fact
380 that a single statement is prepared to accept multiple insert
381 values.
382 Please note that MariaDB or MySQL server cannot prepare or
384 execute some prepared statements. In this case DBD::MariaDB
385 fallbacks to normal non-prepared statement and tries again.
386 mariadb_server_prepare_disable_fallback
388 This option disable fallback to normal non-prepared statement
389 when MariaDB or MySQL server does not support execution of
390 current statement as prepared.
391 Useful when you want to be sure that the statement is going to
393 be executed as server side prepared. Error message and code in
394 case of failure is propagated back to DBI.
395 This default behavior may change in the future.
397 mariadb_embedded_options
399 The option mariadb_embedded_options can be used to pass command
400 line options to the embedded server. When you want to start and
401 connect embedded server, use "host=embedded" in dsn as
402 connection parameter.
403 Example:
405 use DBI;
407 my $datadir = '/var/lib/mysql/';
408 my $langdir = '/usr/share/mysql/english';
409 my $dsn = 'DBI:MariaDB:host=embedded;database=test;'
410 . "mariadb_embedded_options=--datadir=$datadir,--language=$langdir";
411 my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, undef, undef);
412 This would start embedded server with language directory
414 $langdir, database directory $datadir and connects to database
415 "test". Embedded server does not have to be supported by
416 configured MariaDB or MySQL library. In that case
417 "DBI->connect()" returns an error.
418 mariadb_embedded_groups
420 The option mariadb_embedded_groups can be used to specify the
421 groups in the config file (my.cnf) which will be used to get
422 options for the embedded server. If not specified "[server]"
423 and "[embedded]" groups will be used.
424 Example:
426 my $dsn = 'DBI:MariaDB:host=embedded;database=test;'
428 . 'mariadb_embedded_groups=embedded_server,common';
429 mariadb_conn_attrs
431 The option mariadb_conn_attrs is a hash of attribute names and
432 values which can be used to send custom connection attributes
433 to the server. Some attributes like "_os", "_platform",
434 "_client_name" and "_client_version" are added by libmariadb or
435 libmysqlclient.
436 You can then later read these attributes from the performance
438 schema tables which can be quite helpful for profiling your
439 database or creating statistics. You'll have to use both
440 server and client at least in version MariaDB 10.0.5 or MySQL
441 5.6 to leverage this feature. It is a good idea to provides
442 additional "program_name" attribute.
443 my $dbh= DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password, {
445 AutoCommit => 0,
446 mariadb_conn_attrs => {
447 program_name => $0,
448 foo => 'bar',
449 wiz => 'bang'
450 },
451 });
452 Now you can select the results from the performance schema
454 tables. You can do this in the same session, but also
455 afterwards. It can be very useful to answer questions like
456 which script sent this query?
457 my $results = $dbh->selectall_hashref(
459 'SELECT * FROM performance_schema.session_connect_attrs',
460 'ATTR_NAME'
461 );
462 This returns:
464 $result = {
466 '_client_name' => {
467 'ATTR_VALUE' => 'libmysql',
468 'ATTR_NAME' => '_client_name',
469 'ORDINAL_POSITION' => '1',
470 'PROCESSLIST_ID' => '3',
471 },
472 '_client_version' => {
473 'ATTR_VALUE' => '5.6.24',
474 'ATTR_NAME' => '_client_version',
475 'ORDINAL_POSITION' => '7',
476 'PROCESSLIST_ID' => '3',
477 },
478 '_os' => {
479 'ATTR_VALUE' => 'osx10.8',
480 'ATTR_NAME' => '_os',
481 'ORDINAL_POSITION' => '0',
482 'PROCESSLIST_ID' => '3',
483 },
484 '_pid' => {
485 'ATTR_VALUE' => '59860',
486 'ATTR_NAME' => '_pid',
487 'ORDINAL_POSITION' => '2',
488 'PROCESSLIST_ID' => '3',
489 },
490 '_platform' => {
491 'ATTR_VALUE' => 'x86_64',
492 'ATTR_NAME' => '_platform',
493 'ORDINAL_POSITION' => '4',
494 'PROCESSLIST_ID' => '3',
495 },
496 'foo' => {
497 'ATTR_NAME' => 'foo',
498 'ATTR_VALUE' => 'bar',
499 'ORDINAL_POSITION' => '6',
500 'PROCESSLIST_ID' => '3',
501 },
502 'program_name' => {
503 'ATTR_VALUE' => './foo.pl',
504 'ATTR_NAME' => 'program_name',
505 'ORDINAL_POSITION' => '5',
506 'PROCESSLIST_ID' => '3',
507 },
508 'wiz' => {
509 'ATTR_VALUE' => 'bang',
510 'ATTR_NAME' => 'wiz',
511 'ORDINAL_POSITION' => '3',
512 'PROCESSLIST_ID' => '3',
513 },
514 };
515 data_sources
517 use DBI;
518 my @dsns = DBI->data_sources('MariaDB', {
519 host => $hostname,
520 port => $port,
521 user => $username,
522 password => $password,
523 ...
524 });
525 Returns a list of all databases in dsn format suitable for connect
527 method, managed by the MariaDB or MySQL server. It accepts all
528 attributes from connect method.
529
531 The DBD::MariaDB driver supports the following attributes of database
532 handles (read only):
533 my $errno = $dbh->{'mariadb_errno'};
535 my $error = $dbh->{'mariadb_error'};
536 my $hostinfo = $dbh->{'mariadb_hostinfo'};
537 my $info = $dbh->{'mariadb_info'};
538 my $insertid = $dbh->{'mariadb_insertid'};
539 my $protoinfo = $dbh->{'mariadb_protoinfo'};
540 my $serverinfo = $dbh->{'mariadb_serverinfo'};
541 my $ssl_cipher = $dbh->{'mariadb_ssl_cipher'};
542 my $stat = $dbh->{'mariadb_stat'};
543 my $thread_id = $dbh->{'mariadb_thread_id'};
544 These correspond to "mysql_errno()", "mysql_error()",
546 "mysql_get_host_info()", "mysql_info()", "mysql_insert_id()",
547 "mysql_get_proto_info()", "mysql_get_server_info()", "mysql_stat()",
548 "mysql_get_ssl_cipher()" and "mysql_thread_id()" respectively.
549 Portable DBI applications should not use them. Instead they should use
551 standard DBI methods: "$dbh->err()" and "$dbh->errstr()" for error
552 number and string, "$dbh->get_info($GetInfoType{SQL_SERVER_NAME})" for
553 server host name, "$dbh->get_info($GetInfoType{SQL_DBMS_NAME})" and
554 "$dbh->get_info($GetInfoType{SQL_DBMS_VER})" for server database name
555 and version, "$dbh->last_insert_id()" or "$sth->last_insert_id()" for
556 insert id.
557 mariadb_clientinfo
559 mariadb_clientversion
560 List information of the MariaDB or MySQL client library that
561 DBD::MariaDB was built against:
562 print "$dbh->{mariadb_clientinfo}\n";
564 5.2.0-MariaDB
566 print "$dbh->{mariadb_clientversion}\n";
568 50200
570 Portable DBI applications should not be interested in version of
572 underlying client library. DBD::MariaDB is there to hide any possible
573 incompatibility and works correctly with any available version.
574 mariadb_serverversion
576 print "$dbh->{mariadb_serverversion}\n";
577 50200
579 Portable DBI applications should use
581 "$dbh->get_info($GetInfoType{SQL_DBMS_NAME})" and
582 "$dbh->get_info($GetInfoType{SQL_DBMS_VER})" for server database name
583 and version instead.
584 mariadb_ssl_cipher
586 Returns the SSL encryption cipher used for the given connection to
587 the server. In case SSL encryption was not enabled with mariadb_ssl
588 or was not established returns "undef".
589 my $ssl_cipher = $dbh->{mariadb_ssl_cipher};
591 if (defined $ssl_cipher) {
592 print "Connection with server is encrypted with cipher: $ssl_cipher\n";
593 } else {
594 print "Connection with server is not encrypted\n";
595 }
596 mariadb_dbd_stats
598 my $info_hashref = $dbh->{mariadb_dbd_stats};
599 DBD::MariaDB keeps track of some statistics in the mariadb_dbd_stats
601 attribute. The following stats are being maintained:
602 auto_reconnects_ok
604 The number of times that DBD::MariaDB successfully
605 reconnected to the MariaDB or MySQL server.
606 auto_reconnects_failed
608 The number of times that DBD::MariaDB tried to reconnect to
609 MariaDB or MySQL but failed.
610 The DBD::MariaDB driver also supports the following attributes of
612 database handles (read/write):
613 mariadb_auto_reconnect
615 This attribute determines whether DBD::MariaDB will automatically
616 reconnect to MariaDB or MySQL server if the connection be lost.
617 This feature defaults to off. Setting mariadb_auto_reconnect to 1
618 is not advised if "LOCK TABLES" is used because if DBD::MariaDB
619 reconnect to MariaDB or MySQL server all table locks will be lost.
620 This attribute is ignored when AutoCommit is turned off, and when
621 AutoCommit is turned off, DBD::MariaDB will not automatically
622 reconnect to the server.
623 It is also possible to set the default value of the
625 mariadb_auto_reconnect attribute for the $dbh by passing it in the
626 "\%attr" hash for "DBI->connect".
627 $dbh->{mariadb_auto_reconnect} = 1;
629 or
631 my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password, {
633 mariadb_auto_reconnect => 1,
634 });
635 Note that if you are using a module or framework that performs
637 reconnections for you (for example DBIx::Connector in fixup mode),
638 this value must be set to 0.
639 mariadb_use_result
641 This attribute forces the driver to use "mysql_use_result()" rather
642 than "mysql_store_result()" library function. The former is faster
643 and less memory consuming, but tends to block other processes.
644 "mysql_store_result()" is the default due to that fact storing the
645 result is expected behavior with most applications.
646 It is possible to set the default value of the mariadb_use_result
648 attribute for the $dbh via the DSN:
649 my $dbh = DBI->connect('DBI:MariaDB:test;mariadb_use_result=1', $user, $pass);
651 You can also set it after creation of the database handle:
653 $dbh->{mariadb_use_result} = 0; # disable
655 $dbh->{mariadb_use_result} = 1; # enable
656 You can also set or unset the mariadb_use_result setting on your
658 statement handle, when creating the statement handle or after it
659 has been created. See "STATEMENT HANDLES".
660 mariadb_bind_type_guessing
662 This attribute causes the driver (emulated prepare statements) to
663 attempt to guess if a value being bound is a numeric value, and if
664 so, doesn't quote the value. This was created by Dragonchild and is
665 one way to deal with the performance issue of using quotes in a
666 statement that is inserting or updating a large numeric value.
667 CAVEAT: Even though you can insert an integer value into a
669 character column, if this column is indexed, if you query that
670 column with the integer value not being quoted, it will not use the
671 index:
672 MariaDB [test]> explain select * from test where value0 = '3' \G
674 *************************** 1. row ***************************
675 id: 1
676 select_type: SIMPLE
677 table: test
678 type: ref
679 possible_keys: value0
680 key: value0
681 key_len: 13
682 ref: const
683 rows: 1
684 Extra: Using index condition
685 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
686 MariaDB [test]> explain select * from test where value0 = 3
688 -> \G
689 *************************** 1. row ***************************
690 id: 1
691 select_type: SIMPLE
692 table: test
693 type: ALL
694 possible_keys: value0
695 key: NULL
696 key_len: NULL
697 ref: NULL
698 rows: 6
699 Extra: Using where
700 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
701 See bug: <https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=43822>
703 mariadb_bind_type_guessing can be turned on via
705 - through DSN
707 my $dbh = DBI->connect('DBI:MariaDB:test', 'username', 'pass', {
709 mariadb_bind_type_guessing => 1
710 });
711 - OR after handle creation
713 $dbh->{mariadb_bind_type_guessing} = 1;
715 mariadb_bind_comment_placeholders
717 This attribute causes the driver (emulated prepare statements) will
718 cause any placeholders in comments to be bound. This is not correct
719 prepared statement behavior, but some developers have come to
720 depend on this behavior.
721 mariadb_no_autocommit_cmd
723 This attribute causes the driver to not issue "SET AUTOCOMMIT"
724 either through explicit or using "mysql_autocommit()". This is
725 particularly useful in the case of using MySQL Proxy.
726 See the bug report:
728 <https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=46308>
729 mariadb_no_autocommit_cmd can be turned on when creating the
731 database handle:
732 my $dbh = DBI->connect('DBI:MariaDB:test', 'username', 'pass', {
734 mariadb_no_autocommit_cmd => 1
735 });
736 or using an existing database handle:
738 $dbh->{mariadb_no_autocommit_cmd} = 1;
740 mariadb_max_allowed_packet
742 This attribute controls the maximum size of one packet, any
743 generated or intermediate string and any bind parameter. Default
744 value depends on client MariaDB/MySQL library and should be 1GB.
745 $dbh->{mariadb_max_allowed_packet} = 32*1024*1024; # limit max size to 32MB
747 Documentation for some DBD::MariaDB methods of database handles:
749 ping
751 This can be used to send a ping to the server. See DBI ping.
752 my $rc = $dbh->ping();
754 get_info
756 This method can be used to retrieve information about MariaDB or
757 MySQL server. See DBI get_info. Some useful information:
758 "SQL_DBMS_NAME" returns server database name, either "MariaDB" or
759 "MySQL". "SQL_DBMS_VER" returns server database version and
760 "SQL_SERVER_NAME" returns server host name.
761 use DBI::Const::GetInfoType;
763 print $dbh->get_info($GetInfoType{SQL_DBMS_NAME});
765 MariaDB
767 print $dbh->get_info($GetInfoType{SQL_DBMS_VER});
769 10.01.2600
771 print $dbh->get_info($GetInfoType{SQL_SERVER_NAME});
773 Localhost via UNIX socket
775
777 The statement handles of DBD::MariaDB support a number of attributes.
778 You access these by using, for example,
779 my $numFields = $sth->{NUM_OF_FIELDS};
781 Note, that most attributes are valid only after a successful execute.
783 An "undef" value will returned otherwise. The most important exception
784 is the mariadb_use_result attribute.
785 To set the mariadb_use_result attribute on statement handle $sth, use
787 either of the following:
788 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($sql, { mariadb_use_result => 1});
790 or
792 my $sth = $dbh->prepare($sql);
794 $sth->{mariadb_use_result} = 1;
795 Column dependent attributes, for example NAME, the column names, are
797 returned as a reference to an array. The array indices are
798 corresponding to the indices of the arrays returned by fetchrow and
799 similar methods. For example the following code will print a header of
800 table names together with all rows:
801 my $sth = $dbh->prepare('SELECT * FROM t')
803 or die 'Error: ' . $dbh->errstr() . "\n";
804 $sth->execute()
806 or die 'Error: ' . $sth->errstr() . "\n";
807 my $names = $sth->{NAME};
809 my $numFields = $sth->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'} - 1;
810 for my $i ( 0..$numFields ) {
811 printf('%s%s', $i ? ',' : '', $$names[$i]);
812 }
813 print "\n";
814 while (my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref()) {
815 for my $i ( 0..$numFields ) {
816 printf('%s%s', $i ? ',' : '', $$ref[$i]);
817 }
818 print "\n";
819 }
820 For portable applications you should restrict yourself to attributes
822 with capitalized or mixed case names. Lower case attribute names are
823 private to DBD::MariaDB. The attribute list includes:
824 ChopBlanks
826 This attribute determines whether a fetchrow will chop preceding
827 and trailing blanks off the column values. Chopping blanks does not
828 have impact on the mariadb_max_length attribute.
829 mariadb_insertid
831 If the statement you executed performs an "INSERT", and there is an
832 "AUTO_INCREMENT" column in the table you inserted in, this
833 attribute holds the value stored into the "AUTO_INCREMENT" column,
834 if that value is automatically generated, by storing "NULL" or 0 or
835 was specified as an explicit value.
836 Typically, you'd access the value via "$sth->{mariadb_insertid}".
838 The value can also be accessed via "$dbh->{mariadb_insertid}" but
839 this can easily produce incorrect results in case one database
840 handle is shared.
841 Portable DBI applications should not use mariadb_insertid. Instead
843 they should use DBI method "$dbh->last_insert_id()" or statement
844 DBI method "$sth->last_insert_id()". Statement method was
845 introduced in DBI version 1.642, but DBD::MariaDB implements it
846 also for older DBI versions.
847 mariadb_is_blob
849 Reference to an array of boolean values; Logical true value
850 indicates, that the respective column is a blob.
851 mariadb_is_key
853 Reference to an array of boolean values; Logical true value
854 indicates, that the respective column is a key.
855 mariadb_is_num
857 Reference to an array of boolean values; Logical true value
858 indicates, that the respective column contains numeric values.
859 mariadb_is_pri_key
861 Reference to an array of boolean values; Logical true value
862 indicates, that the respective column is a primary key.
863 mariadb_is_auto_increment
865 Reference to an array of boolean values; Logical true value
866 indicates that the respective column is an "AUTO_INCREMENT" column.
867 mariadb_length
869 mariadb_max_length
870 A reference to an array of maximum column sizes. The
871 mariadb_max_length is the maximum physically present in the result
872 table, mariadb_length gives the theoretically possible maximum.
873 For string orientated variable types (char, varchar, text and
875 similar types) both attributes return value in bytes. If you are
876 interested in number of characters then instead of mariadb_length
877 use "COLUMN_SIZE" via standard DBI method column_info and instead
878 of mariadb_max_length issue SQL query "SELECT
879 MAX(CHAR_LENGTH(...))". Example:
880 my $ci_sth = $dbh->column_info(undef, undef, $table, $column);
882 my $ci_ref = $ci_sth->fetchall_arrayref({});
883 my $mariadb_char_length = $ci_ref->[0]->{COLUMN_SIZE};
884 my $mariadb_char_max_length = $dbh->selectrow_array(sprintf(
886 'SELECT MAX(CHAR_LENGTH(%s)) FROM %s',
887 $dbh->quote_identifier($column),
888 $dbh->quote_identifier($table),
889 ));
890 NAME
892 A reference to an array of column names.
893 NULLABLE
895 A reference to an array of boolean values; Logical true value
896 indicates that this column may contain "NULL"'s.
897 NUM_OF_FIELDS
899 Number of fields returned by a "SELECT" statement. You may use this
900 for checking whether a statement returned a result: A zero value
901 indicates a non-"SELECT" statement like "INSERT", "DELETE" or
902 "UPDATE".
903 mariadb_table
905 A reference to an array of table names, useful in a "JOIN" result.
906 TYPE
908 A reference to an array of column types. The engine's native column
909 types are mapped to portable types like "DBI::SQL_INTEGER()" or
910 "DBI::SQL_VARCHAR()", as good as possible. Not all native types
911 have a meaningful equivalent. If you need the native column types,
912 use mariadb_type. See below.
913 mariadb_type
915 A reference to an array of MySQL's native column types, for example
916 "DBD::MariaDB::TYPE_SHORT()" or "DBD::MariaDB::TYPE_STRING()". Use
917 the TYPE attribute, if you want portable types like
918 "DBI::SQL_SMALLINT()" or "DBI::SQL_VARCHAR()".
919 mariadb_type_name
921 Similar to mariadb_type, but type names and not numbers are
922 returned. Whenever possible, the ANSI SQL name is preferred.
923 mariadb_warning_count
925 The number of warnings generated during execution of the SQL
926 statement. This attribute is available on both statement handles
927 and database handles.
928
930 All string orientated variable types (char, varchar, text and similar
931 types) are represented by the DBD::MariaDB as Unicode strings according
932 to the standard Perl Unicode model. It means that Perl scalars contain
933 Unicode code points and not UTF-8 bytes. Internally the DBD::MariaDB
934 uses the MySQL's "utf8mb4" charset for the network communication with
935 MariaDB and MySQL servers. It automatically transforms the network
936 MySQL's "utf8mb4" charset to the Unicode Perl scalars and vice-versa.
937 MySQL's "utf8mb4" charset for the network communication is configured
939 by "MYSQL_SET_CHARSET_NAME" libmariadb/libmysqlclient C library API
940 which is a requirement to have working quote method and an emulated
941 client side placeholders replacement.
942 Do not try to change network charset (e.g. via SQL command "SET NAMES"
944 manually) to anything different then UTF-8 as it would confuse
945 underlying C library and DBD::MariaDB would misbehave (e.g. would lead
946 to broken/insecure quote method or an emulated client side placeholders
947 replacement).
948 Using a non-UTF-8 charset for a column, table or database is fine
950 because MariaDB or MySQL server automatically transforms the storage
951 charset to the charset used by the network protocol ("utf8mb4"). Note
952 that when DBD::MariaDB is connecting to the MariaDB or MySQL server it
953 calls SQL command "SET character_set_server = 'utf8mb4'" to ensure that
954 the default charset for new databases would be UTF-8. Beware that a
955 default charset for new tables is set from a database charset.
956 In the case MySQL server does not support MySQL's "utf8mb4" charset for
958 a network protocol then DBD::MariaDB would try to use MySQL's "utf8"
959 charset which is a subset of UTF-8 encoding restricted to the 3 byte
960 UTF-8 sequences. Support for MySQL's "utf8mb4" charset was introduced
961 in MySQL server version 5.5.3.
962 Working with binary data
964 Perl scalars do not distinguish between binary byte orientated buffers
965 and Unicode orientated strings. In Perl it is always up to the caller
966 and the callee to define in its API if functions and methods expect
967 byte buffers or Unicode strings. It is not possible (or rather Perl
968 application should not try) to distinguish if Perl scalar contains a
969 byte buffer or Unicode string.
970 When fetching data from MariaDB and MySQL servers, DBD::MariaDB treats
972 all fields marked with MySQL's charset "utf8mb4" (and also "utf8") as
973 Unicode strings. Everything else is treated as binary byte oriented
974 buffers. Therefore, the only difference is that UTF-8 fields are
975 automatically decoded to Unicode. Binary blob fields remain untouched
976 and corresponding Perl scalars would contain just ordinals 0..255
977 (classic sequence of bytes). Unicode string scalars would contain
978 sequence of Unicode code points.
979 There is a small problem with input data, more preciously with SQL
981 statements and their bind parameters. By definition a SQL statement is
982 a string and therefore it is expected and handled by DBD::MariaDB as a
983 Unicode string (not byte oriented buffer). There is no way to treat a
984 SQL statement as a binary, but this is not a problem. All SQL commands
985 are encoded in ASCII and all ASCII characters are invariants in UTF-8
986 (have the same representation as a sequence of Unicode code points and
987 also when UTF-8 encoded in a byte buffer). For the remaining part of a
988 SQL statement, placeholders with bind parameters can and should be
989 used.
990 Binary parameters
992 Unfortunately, neither MariaDB nor MySQL server provide any type
993 information for prepared SQL statements; therefore, DBD::MariaDB has
994 absolutely no way to know if a particular bind parameter for a
995 placeholder should be treated as Unicode string or as byte oriented
996 buffer. So Perl applications which use DBD::MariaDB must provide
997 information about the correct type.
998 Moreover, DBI API for do, execute and all select* methods binds all
1000 parameters as "SQL_VARCHAR" type. Currently it is an API limitation
1001 which does not allow one to specify the bind type. Varchar is a string
1002 and so DBD::MariaDB treats all of them as Unicode strings.
1003 The only way how to specify a type in DBI is via the bind_param method.
1005 Its third argument takes "SQL_*" constant which defines a type for the
1006 passed bind parameter.
1007 Following type constants are treated as binary by DBD::MariaDB:
1009 "SQL_BIT", "SQL_BLOB", "SQL_BINARY", "SQL_VARBINARY",
1010 "SQL_LONGVARBINARY".
1011 This approach of handling binary data was implemented in DBD::MariaDB
1013 because it does not violate how Perl's Unicode model is working,
1014 follows exactly DBI API documentation, and, more importantly, is how
1015 other DBI drivers (including DBD::Pg and DBD::SQLite) in their recent
1016 versions work. This ensures good compatibility for Perl applications
1017 which use multiple database backends and several DBI drivers.
1018 Please note that the old DBD::mysql driver in version 4.041 works
1020 differently and has completely broken Unicode support.
1021 To illustrate the usage, see the following example:
1023 # Prepare statement
1025 my $sth = $dbh->prepare(
1026 'INSERT INTO users (id, name, picture) VALUES (?, ?, ?)'
1027 );
1028 # Bind number, 7-bit ASCII values are always in Unicode and binary context
1030 $sth->bind_param(1, 10);
1031 # Bind name, may contains Unicode character, in this case U+00E9
1033 $sth->bind_param(2, "Andr\x{E9}");
1034 # Bind picture, it is a sequence of binary bytes, not Unicode code points
1036 $sth->bind_param(3, "\x{D8}\x{A0}\x{39}\x{F8}", DBI::SQL_BINARY);
1037 # Execute statement with bind parameters
1039 $sth->execute();
1040 Explanation: In this case number 10 and name "Andr\x{E9}" would be
1042 automatically encoded from Perl Unicode string scalars to MySQL's
1043 "utf8mb4" network charset and picture would not be touched as it was
1044 bound with the "DBI::SQL_BINARY" type. Note that 7-bit ASCII values are
1045 invariants in UTF-8, they have the same representations in UTF-8, so
1046 both the encoding and decoding operations are just identity functions.
1047 This is the preferred and safe way how to work with binary data. It is
1049 also supported by other DBI drivers, including DBD::Pg and DBD::SQLite
1050 (see above).
1051 In DBD::MariaDB, there's another specific way how to create a SQL
1053 statement with binary data: to call the quote method while specifying a
1054 binary type. This method takes a bind parameter and properly quotes +
1055 escapes it. For binary types it converts argument to MySQL's HEX syntax
1056 ("X'...'") which is a pure 7-bit ASCII and therefore invariant for
1057 UTF-8. See the following example:
1058 my $param1 = 10;
1060 my $param2 = "Andr\x{E9}";
1061 my $param3 = "\x{D8}\x{A0}\x{39}\x{F8}";
1062 my $query = 'INSERT INTO users (id, name, picture) VALUES (' .
1063 $dbh->quote($param1) . ' ,' .
1064 $dbh->quote($param2) . ' ,' .
1065 $dbh->quote($param3, DBI::SQL_BINARY) .
1066 ')';
1067 $dbh->do($query);
1068 The first two parameters are quoted and escaped for a later UTF-8
1070 encoding (to MySQL's "utf8mb4" charset) and the third parameter is
1071 quoted and escaped as a binary buffer to MySQL's HEX syntax for binary
1072 blobs.
1073 This method is not recommended, because quoting, escaping and similar
1075 methods can easily get written incorrectly and lead to SQL injections
1076 and other security problems.
1077
1079 The transaction support works as follows:
1080 • By default AutoCommit mode is on, following the DBI specifications.
1082 • If you execute
1084 $dbh->{AutoCommit} = 0;
1086 or
1088 $dbh->{AutoCommit} = 1;
1090 then the driver will set the MariaDB or MySQL server variable
1092 autocommit to 0 or 1, respectively. Switching from 0 to 1 will also
1093 issue a "COMMIT", following the DBI specifications.
1094 • The methods
1096 $dbh->rollback();
1098 $dbh->commit();
1099 will issue the commands "ROLLBACK" and "COMMIT", respectively. A
1101 "ROLLBACK" will also be issued if AutoCommit mode is off and the
1102 database handles DESTROY method is called. Again, this is following
1103 the DBI specifications.
1104 Given the above, you should note the following:
1106 • You should never change the server variable AutoCommit manually,
1108 unless you are ignoring DBI's transaction support.
1109 • Switching AutoCommit mode from on to off or vice versa may fail.
1111 You should always check for errors when changing AutoCommit mode.
1112 The suggested way of doing so is using the DBI flag RaiseError. If
1113 you don't like RaiseError, you have to use code like the following:
1114 $dbh->{AutoCommit} = 0;
1116 if ($dbh->{AutoCommit}) {
1117 # An error occurred!
1118 }
1119 • If you detect an error while changing the AutoCommit mode, you
1121 should no longer use the database handle. In other words, you
1122 should disconnect and reconnect again, because the transaction mode
1123 is unpredictable. Alternatively you may verify the transaction
1124 mode by checking the value of the server variable autocommit.
1125 However, such behaviour isn't portable.
1126 • DBD::MariaDB has a reconnect feature that handles the so-called
1128 MySQL morning bug: If the server has disconnected, most probably
1129 due to a timeout, then by default the driver will reconnect and
1130 attempt to execute the same SQL statement again. However, this
1131 behaviour is disabled when AutoCommit is off: Otherwise the
1132 transaction state would be completely unpredictable after a
1133 reconnect.
1134 • The reconnect feature of DBD::MariaDB can be toggled by using the
1136 mariadb_auto_reconnect attribute. This behaviour should be turned
1137 off in code that uses LOCK TABLE because if the database server
1138 time out and DBD::MariaDB reconnect, table locks will be lost
1139 without any indication of such loss.
1140
1142 DBD::MariaDB supports multiple result sets, thanks to Guy Harrison!
1143 The basic usage of multiple result sets is
1145 do {
1147 while (my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {
1148 do stuff;
1149 }
1150 } while ($sth->more_results);
1151 An example would be:
1153 $dbh->do('drop procedure if exists someproc')
1155 or print $DBI::errstr;
1156 $dbh->do('create procedure someproc() deterministic
1158 begin
1159 declare a,b,c,d int;
1160 set a=1;
1161 set b=2;
1162 set c=3;
1163 set d=4;
1164 select a, b, c, d;
1165 select d, c, b, a;
1166 select b, a, c, d;
1167 select c, b, d, a;
1168 end'
1169 ) or die "$DBI::err: $DBI::errstr";
1170 my $sth = $dbh->prepare('call someproc()')
1172 or die "$DBI::err: $DBI::errstr";
1173 $sth->execute()
1175 or die "$DBI::err: $DBI::errstr";
1176 my $i=0;
1178 do {
1179 print "\nRowset ".++$i."\n---------------------------------------\n\n";
1180 foreach my $colno (0..$sth->{NUM_OF_FIELDS}-1) {
1181 print $sth->{NAME}->[$colno]."\t";
1182 }
1183 print "\n";
1184 while (my @row = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {
1185 foreach $field (0..$#row) {
1186 print $row[$field]."\t";
1187 }
1188 print "\n";
1189 }
1190 } while ($sth->more_results);
1191 Issues with multiple result sets
1193 Please be aware there could be issues if your result sets are jagged,
1194 meaning the number of columns of your results vary. Varying numbers of
1195 columns could result in your script crashing.
1196
1198 The multithreading capabilities of DBD::MariaDB depend completely on
1199 the underlying C libraries. The modules are working with handle data
1200 only, no global variables are accessed or (to the best of my knowledge)
1201 thread unsafe functions are called. Thus DBD::MariaDB is believed to be
1202 completely thread safe, if the C libraries are thread safe and you
1203 don't share handles among threads.
1204 The obvious question is: Are the C libraries thread safe? In the case
1206 of MySQL the answer is yes, since MySQL 5.5 it is. Older versions C
1207 library needs to be compiled with "--with-thread-safe-client" or
1208 "--enable-thread-safe-client" configure options.
1209
1211 You can make a single asynchronous query per MySQL connection; this
1212 allows you to submit a long-running query to the server and have an
1213 event loop inform you when it's ready. An asynchronous query is started
1214 by either setting the mariadb_async attribute to a true value in the do
1215 method, or in the prepare method. Statements created with mariadb_async
1216 set to true in prepare always run their queries asynchronously when
1217 execute is called. The driver also offers three additional methods:
1218 "mariadb_async_result()", "mariadb_async_ready()", and
1219 "mariadb_sockfd()". "mariadb_async_result()" returns what do or execute
1220 would have; that is, the number of rows affected.
1221 "mariadb_async_ready()" returns true if "mariadb_async_result()" will
1222 not block, and zero otherwise. They both return "undef" if that handle
1223 was not created with mariadb_async set to true or if an asynchronous
1224 query was not started yet. "mariadb_sockfd()" returns the file
1225 descriptor number for the MySQL connection; you can use this in an
1226 event loop.
1227 Here's an example of how to use the asynchronous query interface:
1229 use feature 'say';
1231 $dbh->do('SELECT SLEEP(10)', { mariadb_async => 1 });
1232 until($dbh->mariadb_async_ready()) {
1233 say 'not ready yet!';
1234 sleep 1;
1235 }
1236 my $rows = $dbh->mariadb_async_result();
1237
1239 See DBD::MariaDB::INSTALL.
1240
1242 Originally, there was a non-DBI driver, Mysql, which was much like PHP
1243 drivers such as mysql and mysqli. The Mysql module was originally
1244 written by Andreas König (koenig@kulturbox.de) who still, to this day,
1245 contributes patches to DBD::mysql. An emulated version of Mysql was
1246 provided to DBD::mysql from Jochen Wiedmann, but eventually deprecated
1247 as it was another bundle of code to maintain.
1248 The first incarnation of DBD::mysql was developed by Alligator
1250 Descartes, who was also aided and abetted by Gary Shea, Andreas König
1251 and Tim Bunce.
1252 The current incarnation of DBD::mysql was written by Jochen Wiedmann,
1254 then numerous changes and bug-fixes were added by Rudy Lippan. Next,
1255 prepared statement support was added by Patrick Galbraith and Alexy
1256 Stroganov (who also solely added embedded server support).
1257 Since 2004 DBD::mysql has been maintained by Patrick Galbraith
1259 (patg@patg.net), and since 2013 with the great help of Michiel Beijen
1260 (michiel.beijen@gmail.com), along with the entire community of Perl
1261 developers who keep sending patches to help continue improving
1262 DBD::mysql.
1263 In 2018 unreleased version 4.042_01 of DBD::mysql was forked and
1265 DBD::MariaDB was created to fix long standing Unicode bugs and MariaDB
1266 support. Currently it is developed in GoodData and maintained by Pali
1267 (pali@cpan.org).
1268
1270 Anyone who desires to contribute to this project is encouraged to do
1271 so. Currently, the source code for this project can be found at
1272 Github:
1273 <https://github.com/gooddata/DBD-MariaDB>
1275 Either fork this repository and produce a branch with your changeset
1277 that the maintainer can merge to his tree, or create a diff with git.
1278 The maintainer is more than glad to take contributions from the
1279 community as many features and fixes from DBD::MariaDB have come from
1280 the community.
1281
1283 This module is
1284 • Large Portions Copyright (c) 2018 GoodData Corporation
1286 • Large Portions Copyright (c) 2015-2017 Pali Rohár
1288 • Large Portions Copyright (c) 2004-2017 Patrick Galbraith
1290 • Large Portions Copyright (c) 2013-2017 Michiel Beijen
1292 • Large Portions Copyright (c) 2004-2007 Alexey Stroganov
1294 • Large Portions Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Rudolf Lippan
1296 • Large Portions Copyright (c) 1997-2003 Jochen Wiedmann, with code
1298 portions
1299 • Copyright (c)1994-1997 their original authors
1301
1303 This module is released under the same license as Perl itself. See Perl
1304 Licensing <https://dev.perl.org/licenses/> for details.
1305
1307 This module is maintained and supported on a mailing list, dbi-users.
1308 To subscribe to this list, send an email to
1310 "dbi-users-subscribe@perl.org" <mailto:dbi-users-subscribe@perl.org>
1312 Mailing list archives are at
1314 <http://groups.google.com/group/perl.dbi.users?hl=en&lr=>
1316
1318 Additional information on the DBI project can be found on the World
1319 Wide Web at the following URL:
1320 <http://dbi.perl.org>
1322 where documentation, pointers to the mailing lists and mailing list
1324 archives and pointers to the most current versions of the modules can
1325 be used.
1326 Information on the DBI interface itself can be gained by typing:
1328 perldoc DBI
1330 Information on DBD::MariaDB specifically can be gained by typing:
1332 perldoc DBD::MariaDB
1334 (this will display the document you're currently reading)
1336
1338 Please report bugs, including all the information needed such as
1339 DBD::MariaDB version, MariaDB/MySQL version, OS type/version, etc to
1340 this link:
1341 <https://github.com/gooddata/DBD-MariaDB/issues>
1343 In past for DBD::mysql, MySQL/Sun/Oracle responded to bugs and assisted
1345 in fixing bugs which many thanks should be given for their help! This
1346 driver is outside the realm of the numerous components they support,
1347 and the maintainer and community solely support DBD::mysql and
1348 DBD::MariaDB.
1349perl v5.32.1 2021-05-04 DBD::MariaDB(3)