1MIME::Words(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation MIME::Words(3)
2
6 MIME::Words - deal with RFC 2047 encoded words
7
9 Before reading further, you should see MIME::Tools to make sure that
10 you understand where this module fits into the grand scheme of things.
11 Go on, do it now. I'll wait.
12 Ready? Ok...
14 use MIME::Words qw(:all);
16 ### Decode the string into another string, forgetting the charsets:
18 $decoded = decode_mimewords(
19 'To: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Keld_J=F8rn_Simonsen?= <keld@dkuug.dk>',
20 );
21 ### Split string into array of decoded [DATA,CHARSET] pairs:
23 @decoded = decode_mimewords(
24 'To: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Keld_J=F8rn_Simonsen?= <keld@dkuug.dk>',
25 );
26 ### Encode a single unsafe word:
28 $encoded = encode_mimeword("\xABFran\xE7ois\xBB");
29 ### Encode a string, trying to find the unsafe words inside it:
31 $encoded = encode_mimewords("Me and \xABFran\xE7ois\xBB in town");
32
34 Fellow Americans, you probably won't know what the hell this module is
35 for. Europeans, Russians, et al, you probably do. ":-)".
36 For example, here's a valid MIME header you might get:
38 From: =?US-ASCII?Q?Keith_Moore?= <moore@cs.utk.edu>
40 To: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Keld_J=F8rn_Simonsen?= <keld@dkuug.dk>
41 CC: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Andr=E9_?= Pirard <PIRARD@vm1.ulg.ac.be>
42 Subject: =?ISO-8859-1?B?SWYgeW91IGNhbiByZWFkIHRoaXMgeW8=?=
43 =?ISO-8859-2?B?dSB1bmRlcnN0YW5kIHRoZSBleGFtcGxlLg==?=
44 =?US-ASCII?Q?.._cool!?=
45 The fields basically decode to (sorry, I can only approximate the Latin
47 characters with 7 bit sequences /o and 'e):
48 From: Keith Moore <moore@cs.utk.edu>
50 To: Keld J/orn Simonsen <keld@dkuug.dk>
51 CC: Andr'e Pirard <PIRARD@vm1.ulg.ac.be>
52 Subject: If you can read this you understand the example... cool!
53
55 decode_mimewords ENCODED
56 Function. Go through the string looking for RFC 2047-style "Q"
57 (quoted-printable, sort of) or "B" (base64) encoding, and decode
58 them.
59 In an array context, splits the ENCODED string into a list of
61 decoded "[DATA, CHARSET]" pairs, and returns that list. Unencoded
62 data are returned in a 1-element array "[DATA]", giving an
63 effective CHARSET of "undef".
64 $enc = '=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Keld_J=F8rn_Simonsen?= <keld@dkuug.dk>';
66 foreach (decode_mimewords($enc)) {
67 print "", ($_->[1] || 'US-ASCII'), ": ", $_->[0], "\n";
68 }
69 In a scalar context, joins the "data" elements of the above list
71 together, and returns that. Warning: this is information-lossy,
72 and probably not what you want, but if you know that all charsets
73 in the ENCODED string are identical, it might be useful to you.
74 (Before you use this, please see "unmime" in MIME::WordDecoder,
75 which is probably what you want.)
76 In the event of a syntax error, $@ will be set to a description of
78 the error, but parsing will continue as best as possible (so as to
79 get something back when decoding headers). $@ will be false if no
80 error was detected.
81 Any arguments past the ENCODED string are taken to define a hash of
83 options:
84 encode_mimeword RAW, [ENCODING], [CHARSET]
86 Function. Encode a single RAW "word" that has unsafe characters.
87 The "word" will be encoded in its entirety.
88 ### Encode "<<Franc,ois>>":
90 $encoded = encode_mimeword("\xABFran\xE7ois\xBB");
91 You may specify the ENCODING ("Q" or "B"), which defaults to "Q".
93 You may specify the CHARSET, which defaults to "iso-8859-1".
94 encode_mimewords RAW, [OPTS]
96 Function. Given a RAW string, try to find and encode all "unsafe"
97 sequences of characters:
98 ### Encode a string with some unsafe "words":
100 $encoded = encode_mimewords("Me and \xABFran\xE7ois\xBB");
101 Returns the encoded string. Any arguments past the RAW string are
103 taken to define a hash of options:
104 Charset
106 Encode all unsafe stuff with this charset. Default is
107 'ISO-8859-1', a.k.a. "Latin-1".
108 Encoding
110 The encoding to use, "q" or "b". The default is "q".
111 Warning: this is a quick-and-dirty solution, intended for character
113 sets which overlap ASCII. It does not comply with the RFC 2047
114 rules regarding the use of encoded words in message headers. You
115 may want to roll your own variant, using "encode_mimeword()", for
116 your application. Thanks to Jan Kasprzak for reminding me about
117 this problem.
118
120 MIME::Base64, MIME::QuotedPrint, MIME::Tools
121 For other implementations of this or similar functionality
123 (particularly, ones with proper UTF8 support), see:
124 Encode::MIME::Header, MIME::EncWords, MIME::AltWords
126 At some future point, one of these implementations will likely replace
128 MIME::Words and MIME::Words will become deprecated.
129
131 Exports its principle functions by default, in keeping with
132 MIME::Base64 and MIME::QuotedPrint.
133
135 Eryq (eryq@zeegee.com), ZeeGee Software Inc (http://www.zeegee.com).
136 Dianne Skoll (dfs@roaringpenguin.com) http://www.roaringpenguin.com
137 All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can
139 redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
140 Thanks also to...
142 Kent Boortz For providing the idea, and the baseline
144 RFC-1522-decoding code!
145 KJJ at PrimeNet For requesting that this be split into
146 its own module.
147 Stephane Barizien For reporting a nasty bug.
148perl v5.32.1 2021-01-27 MIME::Words(3)