1Mail::SpamAssassin(3) User Contributed Perl DocumentationMail::SpamAssassin(3)
2
6 Mail::SpamAssassin - Spam detector and markup engine
7
9 my $spamtest = Mail::SpamAssassin->new();
10 my $mail = $spamtest->parse($message);
11 my $status = $spamtest->check($mail);
12 if ($status->is_spam()) {
14 $message = $status->rewrite_mail();
15 }
16 else {
17 ...
18 }
19 ...
20 $status->finish();
22 $mail->finish();
23 $spamtest->finish();
24
26 Mail::SpamAssassin is a module to identify spam using several methods
27 including text analysis, internet-based realtime blacklists,
28 statistical analysis, and internet-based hashing algorithms.
29 Using its rule base, it uses a wide range of heuristic tests on mail
31 headers and body text to identify "spam", also known as unsolicited
32 bulk email. Once identified as spam, the mail can then be tagged as
33 spam for later filtering using the user's own mail user agent
34 application or at the mail transfer agent.
35 If you wish to use a command-line filter tool, try the "spamassassin"
37 or the "spamd"/"spamc" tools provided.
38
40 $t = Mail::SpamAssassin->new( { opt => val, ... } )
41 Constructs a new "Mail::SpamAssassin" object. You may pass a hash
42 reference to the constructor which may contain the following
43 attribute- value pairs.
44 debug
46 This is the debug options used to determine logging level. It
47 exists to allow sections of debug messages (called
48 "facilities") to be enabled or disabled. If this is a string,
49 it is treated as a comma-delimited list of the debug
50 facilities. If it's a hash reference, then the keys are
51 treated as the list of debug facilities and if it's a array
52 reference, then the elements are treated as the list of debug
53 facilities.
54 There are also two special cases: (1) if the special case of
56 "info" is passed as a debug facility, then all informational
57 messages are enabled; (2) if the special case of "all" is
58 passed as a debug facility, then all debugging facilities are
59 enabled.
60 rules_filename
62 The filename/directory to load spam-identifying rules from.
63 (optional)
64 site_rules_filename
66 The filename/directory to load site-specific spam-identifying
67 rules from. (optional)
68 userprefs_filename
70 The filename to load preferences from. (optional)
71 userstate_dir
73 The directory user state is stored in. (optional)
74 config_tree_recurse
76 Set to 1 to recurse through directories when reading
77 configuration files, instead of just reading a single level.
78 (optional, default 0)
79 config_text
81 The text of all rules and preferences. If you prefer not to
82 load the rules from files, read them in yourself and set this
83 instead. As a result, this will override the settings for
84 "rules_filename", "site_rules_filename", and
85 "userprefs_filename".
86 pre_config_text
88 Similar to "config_text", this text is placed before
89 config_text to allow an override of config files.
90 post_config_text
92 Similar to "config_text", this text is placed after config_text
93 to allow an override of config files.
94 force_ipv4
96 If set to 1, DNS or other network tests will prefer IPv4 and
97 not attempt to use IPv6. Use if the existing tests for IPv6
98 availability produce incorrect results or crashes.
99 force_ipv6
101 For symmetry with force_ipv4: if set to 1, DNS or other network
102 tests will prefer IPv6 and not attempt to use IPv4. Some
103 plugins may disregard this setting and use whatever protocol
104 family they are comfortable with.
105 require_rules
107 If set to 1, init() will die if no valid rules could be loaded.
108 This is the default behaviour when called by "spamassassin" or
109 "spamd".
110 languages_filename
112 If you want to be able to use the language-guessing rule
113 "UNWANTED_LANGUAGE_BODY", and are using "config_text" instead
114 of "rules_filename", "site_rules_filename", and
115 "userprefs_filename", you will need to set this. It should be
116 the path to the languages file normally found in the
117 SpamAssassin rules directory.
118 local_tests_only
120 If set to 1, no tests that require internet access will be
121 performed. (default: 0)
122 need_tags
124 The option provides a way to avoid more expensive processing
125 when it is known in advance that some information will not be
126 needed by a caller.
127 A value of the option can either be a string (a comma-delimited
129 list of tag names), or a reference to a list of individual tag
130 names. A caller may provide the list in advance, specifying his
131 intention to later collect the information through
132 $pms->get_tag() calls. If a name of a tag starts with a 'NO'
133 (case insensitive), it shows that a caller will not be
134 interested in such tag, although there is no guarantee it would
135 save any resources, nor that a tag value will be empty.
136 Currently no built-in tags start with 'NO'. A later entry
137 overrides previous one, e.g. ASN,NOASN,ASN,TIMING,NOASN is
138 equivalent to TIMING,NOASN.
139 For backward compatibility, all tags available as of version
141 3.2.4 will be available by default (unless disabled by NOtag),
142 even if not requested through need_tags option. Future versions
143 may provide new tags conditionally available.
144 Currently the only tag that needs to be explicitly requested is
146 'TIMING'. Not requesting it can save a millisecond or two - it
147 mostly serves to illustrate the usage of need_tags.
148 Example:
150 need_tags =>
151 'TIMING,noLANGUAGES,RELAYCOUNTRY,ASN,noASNCIDR', or:
152 need_tags => [qw(TIMING noLANGUAGES RELAYCOUNTRY ASN
153 noASNCIDR)],
154 ignore_site_cf_files
156 If set to 1, any rule files found in the "site_rules_filename"
157 directory will be ignored. *.pre files (used for loading
158 plugins) found in the "site_rules_filename" directory will
159 still be used. (default: 0)
160 dont_copy_prefs
162 If set to 1, the user preferences file will not be created if
163 it doesn't already exist. (default: 0)
164 save_pattern_hits
166 If set to 1, the patterns hit can be retrieved from the
167 "Mail::SpamAssassin::PerMsgStatus" object. Used for debugging.
168 home_dir_for_helpers
170 If set, the HOME environment variable will be set to this value
171 when using test applications that require their configuration
172 data, such as Razor, Pyzor and DCC.
173 username
175 If set, the "username" attribute will use this as the current
176 user's name. Otherwise, the default is taken from the runtime
177 environment (ie. this process' effective UID under UNIX).
178 skip_prng_reseeding
180 If skip_prng_reseeding is set to true, the SpamAssassin library
181 will not call srand() to reseed a pseudo-random number
182 generator (PRNG). The srand() Perl function should be called
183 during initialization of each child process, soon after
184 forking.
185 Prior to version 3.4.0, calling srand() was handled by the
187 SpamAssassin library.
188 This setting requires the caller to decide when to call
190 srand(). This choice may be desired to preserve the entropy of
191 a PRNG. The default value of skip_prng_reseeding is false to
192 maintain backward compatibility.
193 This option should only be set by a caller if it calls srand()
195 upon spawning child processes. Unless you are certain you need
196 it, leave this setting as false.
197 NOTE: The skip_prng_reseeding feature is implemented in spamd
199 as of 3.4.0 which allows spamd to call srand() right after
200 forking a child process.
201 If none of "rules_filename", "site_rules_filename",
203 "userprefs_filename", or "config_text" is set, the
204 "Mail::SpamAssassin" module will search for the configuration files
205 in the usual installed locations using the below variable
206 definitions which can be passed in.
207 PREFIX
209 Used as the root for certain directory paths such as:
210 '__prefix__/etc/mail/spamassassin'
212 '__prefix__/etc/spamassassin'
213 Defaults to "@@PREFIX@@".
215 DEF_RULES_DIR
217 Location where the default rules are installed. Defaults to
218 "@@DEF_RULES_DIR@@".
219 LOCAL_RULES_DIR
221 Location where the local site rules are installed. Defaults to
222 "@@LOCAL_RULES_DIR@@".
223 LOCAL_STATE_DIR
225 Location of the local state directory, mainly used for
226 installing updates via "sa-update" and compiling rulesets to
227 native code. Defaults to "@@LOCAL_STATE_DIR@@".
228 parse($message, $parse_now [, $suppl_attrib])
230 Parse will return a Mail::SpamAssassin::Message object with just
231 the headers parsed. When calling this function, there are two
232 optional parameters that can be passed in: $message is either undef
233 (which will use STDIN), a scalar - a string containing an entire
234 message, a reference to such string, an array reference of the
235 message with one line per array element, or either a file glob or
236 an IO::File object which holds the entire contents of the message;
237 and $parse_now, which specifies whether or not to create a MIME
238 tree at parse time or later as necessary.
239 The $parse_now option, by default, is set to false (0). This
241 allows SpamAssassin to not have to generate the tree of internal
242 data nodes if the information is not going to be used. This is
243 handy, for instance, when running "spamassassin -d", which only
244 needs the pristine header and body which is always parsed and
245 stored by this function.
246 The optional last argument $suppl_attrib provides a way for a
248 caller to pass additional information about a message to
249 SpamAssassin. It is either undef, or a ref to a hash where each
250 key/value pair provides some supplementary attribute of the
251 message, typically information that cannot be deduced from the
252 message itself, or is hard to do so reliably, or would represent
253 unnecessary work for SpamAssassin to obtain it. The argument will
254 be stored to a Mail::SpamAssassin::Message object as
255 'suppl_attrib', thus made available to the rest of the code as well
256 as to plugins. The exact list of attributes will evolve through
257 time, any unknown attribute should be ignored. Possible examples
258 are: SMTP envelope information, a flag indicating that a message as
259 supplied by a caller was truncated due to size limit, an already
260 verified list of DKIM signature objects, or perhaps a list of rule
261 hits predetermined by a caller, which makes another possible way
262 for a caller to provide meta information (instead of having to
263 insert made-up header fields in order to pass information), or
264 maybe just plain rule hits.
265 For more information, please see the "Mail::SpamAssassin::Message"
267 and "Mail::SpamAssassin::Message::Node" POD.
268 $status = $f->check ($mail)
270 Check a mail, encapsulated in a "Mail::SpamAssassin::Message"
271 object, to determine if it is spam or not.
272 Returns a "Mail::SpamAssassin::PerMsgStatus" object which can be
274 used to test or manipulate the mail message.
275 Note that the "Mail::SpamAssassin" object can be re-used for
277 further messages without affecting this check; in OO terminology,
278 the "Mail::SpamAssassin" object is a "factory". However, if you
279 do this, be sure to call the "finish()" method on the status
280 objects when you're done with them.
281 $status = $f->check_message_text ($mailtext)
283 Check a mail, encapsulated in a plain string $mailtext, to
284 determine if it is spam or not.
285 Otherwise identical to "check()" above.
287 $status = $f->learn ($mail, $id, $isspam, $forget)
289 Learn from a mail, encapsulated in a "Mail::SpamAssassin::Message"
290 object.
291 If $isspam is set, the mail is assumed to be spam, otherwise it
293 will be learnt as non-spam.
294 If $forget is set, the attributes of the mail will be removed from
296 both the non-spam and spam learning databases.
297 $id is an optional message-identification string, used internally
299 to tag the message. If it is "undef", the Message-Id of the
300 message will be used. It should be unique to that message.
301 Returns a "Mail::SpamAssassin::PerMsgLearner" object which can be
303 used to manipulate the learning process for each mail.
304 Note that the "Mail::SpamAssassin" object can be re-used for
306 further messages without affecting this check; in OO terminology,
307 the "Mail::SpamAssassin" object is a "factory". However, if you
308 do this, be sure to call the "finish()" method on the learner
309 objects when you're done with them.
310 "learn()" and "check()" can be run using the same factory.
312 "init_learner()" must be called before using this method.
313 $f->init_learner ( [ { opt => val, ... } ] )
315 Initialise learning. You may pass the following attribute-value
316 pairs to this method.
317 caller_will_untie
319 Whether or not the code calling this method will take care of
320 untie'ing from the Bayes databases (by calling
321 "finish_learner()") (optional, default 0).
322 force_expire
324 Should an expiration run be forced to occur immediately?
325 (optional, default 0).
326 learn_to_journal
328 Should learning data be written to the journal, instead of
329 directly to the databases? (optional, default 0).
330 wait_for_lock
332 Whether or not to wait a long time for locks to complete
333 (optional, default 0).
334 opportunistic_expire_check_only
336 During the opportunistic journal sync and expire check, don't
337 actually do the expire but report back whether or not it should
338 occur (optional, default 0).
339 no_relearn
341 If doing a learn operation, and the message has already been
342 learned as the opposite type, don't re-learn the message.
343 $f->rebuild_learner_caches ({ opt => val })
345 Rebuild any cache databases; should be called after the learning
346 process. Options include: "verbose", which will output diagnostics
347 to "stdout" if set to 1.
348 $f->finish_learner ()
350 Finish learning.
351 $f->dump_bayes_db()
353 Dump the contents of the Bayes DB
354 $f->signal_user_changed ( [ { opt => val, ... } ] )
356 Signals that the current user has changed (possibly using
357 "setuid"), meaning that SpamAssassin should close any per-user
358 databases it has open, and re-open using ones appropriate for the
359 new user.
360 Note that this should be called after reading any per-user
362 configuration, as that data may override some paths opened in this
363 method. You may pass the following attribute-value pairs:
364 username
366 The username of the user. This will be used for the "username"
367 attribute.
368 user_dir
370 A directory to use as a 'home directory' for the current user's
371 data, overriding the system default. This directory must be
372 readable and writable by the process. Note that the resulting
373 "userstate_dir" will be the ".spamassassin" subdirectory of
374 this dir.
375 userstate_dir
377 A directory to use as a directory for the current user's data,
378 overriding the system default. This directory must be readable
379 and writable by the process. The default is
380 "user_dir/.spamassassin".
381 $f->report_as_spam ($mail, $options)
383 Report a mail, encapsulated in a "Mail::SpamAssassin::Message"
384 object, as human-verified spam. This will submit the mail message
385 to live, collaborative, spam-blocker databases, allowing other
386 users to block this message.
387 It will also submit the mail to SpamAssassin's Bayesian learner.
389 Options is an optional reference to a hash of options. Currently
391 these can be:
392 dont_report_to_dcc
394 Inhibits reporting of the spam to DCC.
395 dont_report_to_pyzor
397 Inhibits reporting of the spam to Pyzor.
398 dont_report_to_razor
400 Inhibits reporting of the spam to Razor.
401 dont_report_to_spamcop
403 Inhibits reporting of the spam to SpamCop.
404 $f->revoke_as_spam ($mail, $options)
406 Revoke a mail, encapsulated in a "Mail::SpamAssassin::Message"
407 object, as human-verified ham (non-spam). This will revoke the
408 mail message from live, collaborative, spam-blocker databases,
409 allowing other users to block this message.
410 It will also submit the mail to SpamAssassin's Bayesian learner as
412 nonspam.
413 Options is an optional reference to a hash of options. Currently
415 these can be:
416 dont_report_to_razor
418 Inhibits revoking of the spam to Razor.
419 $f->add_address_to_whitelist ($addr, $cli_p)
421 Given a string containing an email address, add it to the automatic
422 whitelist database.
423 If $cli_p is set then underlying plugin may give visual feedback on
425 additions/failures.
426 $f->add_all_addresses_to_whitelist ($mail, $cli_p)
428 Given a mail message, find as many addresses in the usual headers
429 (To, Cc, From etc.), and the message body, and add them to the
430 automatic whitelist database.
431 If $cli_p is set then underlying plugin may give visual feedback on
433 additions/failures.
434 $f->remove_address_from_whitelist ($addr, $cli_p)
436 Given a string containing an email address, remove it from the
437 automatic whitelist database.
438 If $cli_p is set then underlying plugin may give visual feedback on
440 additions/failures.
441 $f->remove_all_addresses_from_whitelist ($mail, $cli_p)
443 Given a mail message, find as many addresses in the usual headers
444 (To, Cc, From etc.), and the message body, and remove them from the
445 automatic whitelist database.
446 If $cli_p is set then underlying plugin may give visual feedback on
448 additions/failures.
449 $f->add_address_to_blacklist ($addr, $cli_p)
451 Given a string containing an email address, add it to the automatic
452 whitelist database with a high score, effectively blacklisting
453 them.
454 If $cli_p is set then underlying plugin may give visual feedback on
456 additions/failures.
457 $f->add_all_addresses_to_blacklist ($mail, $cli_p)
459 Given a mail message, find addresses in the From headers and add
460 them to the automatic whitelist database with a high score,
461 effectively blacklisting them.
462 Note that To and Cc addresses are not used.
464 If $cli_p is set then underlying plugin may give visual feedback on
466 additions/failures.
467 $text = $f->remove_spamassassin_markup ($mail)
469 Returns the text of the message, with any SpamAssassin-added text
470 (such as the report, or X-Spam-Status headers) stripped.
471 Note that the $mail object is not modified.
473 Warning: if the input message in $mail contains a mixture of CR-LF
475 (Windows-style) and LF (UNIX-style) line endings, it will be
476 "canonicalized" to use one or the other consistently throughout.
477 $f->read_scoreonly_config ($filename)
479 Read a configuration file and parse user preferences from it.
480 User preferences are as defined in the "Mail::SpamAssassin::Conf"
482 manual page. In other words, they include scoring options, scores,
483 whitelists and blacklists, and so on, but do not include rule
484 definitions, privileged settings, etc. unless "allow_user_rules" is
485 enabled; and they never include the administrator settings.
486 $f->load_scoreonly_sql ($username)
488 Read configuration parameters from SQL database and parse scores
489 from it. This will only take effect if the perl "DBI" module is
490 installed, and the configuration parameters "user_scores_dsn",
491 "user_scores_sql_username", and "user_scores_sql_password" are set
492 correctly.
493 The username in $username will also be used for the "username"
495 attribute of the Mail::SpamAssassin object.
496 $f->load_scoreonly_ldap ($username)
498 Read configuration parameters from an LDAP server and parse scores
499 from it. This will only take effect if the perl "Net::LDAP" and
500 "URI" modules are installed, and the configuration parameters
501 "user_scores_dsn", "user_scores_ldap_username", and
502 "user_scores_ldap_password" are set correctly.
503 The username in $username will also be used for the "username"
505 attribute of the Mail::SpamAssassin object.
506 $f->set_persistent_address_list_factory ($factoryobj)
508 Set the persistent address list factory, used to create objects for
509 the automatic whitelist algorithm's persistent-storage back-end.
510 See "Mail::SpamAssassin::PersistentAddrList" for the API these
511 factory objects must implement, and the API the objects they
512 produce must implement.
513 $f->compile_now ($use_user_prefs, $keep_userstate)
515 Compile all patterns, load all configuration files, and load all
516 possibly-required Perl modules.
517 Normally, Mail::SpamAssassin uses lazy evaluation where possible,
519 but if you plan to fork() or start a new perl interpreter thread to
520 process a message, this is suboptimal, as each process/thread will
521 have to perform these actions.
522 Call this function in the master thread or process to perform the
524 actions straight away, so that the sub-processes will not have to.
525 If $use_user_prefs is 0, this will initialise the SpamAssassin
527 configuration without reading the per-user configuration file and
528 it will assume that you will call "read_scoreonly_config" at a
529 later point.
530 If $keep_userstate is true, compile_now() will revert any
532 configuration options which have a default with __userstate__ in it
533 post-init(), and then re-change the option before returning. This
534 lets you change $ENV{'HOME'} to a temp directory, have
535 compile_now() and create any files there as necessary without
536 disturbing the actual files as changed by a configuration option.
537 By default, this is disabled.
538 $f->debug_diagnostics ()
540 Output some diagnostic information, useful for debugging
541 SpamAssassin problems.
542 $failed = $f->lint_rules ()
544 Syntax-check the current set of rules. Returns the number of
545 syntax errors discovered, or 0 if the configuration is valid.
546 $f->finish()
548 Destroy this object, so that it will be garbage-collected once it
549 goes out of scope. The object will no longer be usable after this
550 method is called.
551 $fullpath = $f->find_rule_support_file ($filename)
553 Find a rule-support file, such as "languages" or "triplets.txt", in
554 the system-wide rules directory, and return its full path if it
555 exists, or undef if it doesn't exist.
556 (This API was added in SpamAssassin 3.1.1.)
558 $f->create_default_prefs ($filename, $username [ , $userdir ] )
560 Copy default preferences file into home directory for later use and
561 modification, if it does not already exist and "dont_copy_prefs" is
562 not set.
563 $f->copy_config ( [ $source ], [ $dest ] )
565 Used for daemons to keep a persistent Mail::SpamAssassin object's
566 configuration correct if switching between users. Pass an
567 associative array reference as either $source or $dest, and set the
568 other to 'undef' so that the object will use its current
569 configuration. i.e.:
570 # create object w/ configuration
572 my $spamtest = Mail::SpamAssassin->new( ... );
573 # backup configuration to %conf_backup
575 my %conf_backup;
576 $spamtest->copy_config(undef, \%conf_backup) ||
577 die "config: error returned from copy_config!\n";
578 ... do stuff, perhaps modify the config, etc ...
580 # reset the configuration back to the original
582 $spamtest->copy_config(\%conf_backup, undef) ||
583 die "config: error returned from copy_config!\n";
584 Note that the contents of the associative arrays should be
586 considered opaque by calling code.
587 @plugins = $f->get_loaded_plugins_list ( )
589 Return the list of plugins currently loaded by this SpamAssassin
590 object's configuration; each entry in the list is an object of type
591 "Mail::SpamAssassin::Plugin".
592 (This API was added in SpamAssassin 3.2.0.)
594
596 "HTML::Parser" "Sys::Syslog"
597
599 See also <https://spamassassin.apache.org/> and
600 <https://wiki.apache.org/spamassassin/> for more information.
601
603 Mail::SpamAssassin::Conf(3) Mail::SpamAssassin::PerMsgStatus(3)
604 spamassassin(1) sa-update(1)
605
607 See <https://issues.apache.org/SpamAssassin/>
608
610 The SpamAssassin(tm) Project <https://spamassassin.apache.org/>
611
613 SpamAssassin is distributed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, as
614 described in the file "LICENSE" included with the distribution.
615
617 The latest version of this library is likely to be available from CPAN
618 as well as:
619 <https://spamassassin.apache.org/>
621perl v5.32.1 2021-04-14 Mail::SpamAssassin(3)