1Plack::Builder(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation Plack::Builder(3)
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6 Plack::Builder - OO and DSL to enable Plack Middlewares
7
9 # in .psgi
10 use Plack::Builder;
11 my $app = sub { ... };
13 builder {
15 enable "Deflater";
16 enable "Session", store => "File";
17 enable "Debug", panels => [ qw(DBITrace Memory Timer) ];
18 enable "+My::Plack::Middleware";
19 $app;
20 };
21 # use URLMap
23 builder {
25 mount "/foo" => builder {
26 enable "Foo";
27 $app;
28 };
29 mount "/bar" => $app2;
31 mount "http://example.com/" => builder { $app3 };
32 };
33 # using OO interface
35 my $builder = Plack::Builder->new;
36 $builder->add_middleware('Foo', opt => 1);
37 $builder->add_middleware('Bar');
38 $builder->wrap($app);
39
41 Plack::Builder gives you a quick domain specific language (DSL) to wrap
42 your application with Plack::Middleware subclasses. The middleware
43 you're trying to use should use Plack::Middleware as a base class to
44 use this DSL, inspired by Rack::Builder.
45 Whenever you call "enable" on any middleware, the middleware app is
47 pushed to the stack inside the builder, and then reversed when it
48 actually creates a wrapped application handler. "Plack::Middleware::"
49 is added as a prefix by default. So:
50 builder {
52 enable "Foo";
53 enable "Bar", opt => "val";
54 $app;
55 };
56 is syntactically equal to:
58 $app = Plack::Middleware::Bar->wrap($app, opt => "val");
60 $app = Plack::Middleware::Foo->wrap($app);
61 In other words, you're supposed to "enable" middleware from outer to
63 inner.
64
66 Plack::Builder allows you to code middleware inline using a nested code
67 reference.
68 If the first argument to "enable" is a code reference, it will be
70 passed an $app and should return another code reference which is a PSGI
71 application that consumes $env at runtime. So:
72 builder {
74 enable sub {
75 my $app = shift;
76 sub {
77 my $env = shift;
78 # do preprocessing
79 my $res = $app->($env);
80 # do postprocessing
81 return $res;
82 };
83 };
84 $app;
85 };
86 is equal to:
88 my $mw = sub {
90 my $app = shift;
91 sub { my $env = shift; $app->($env) };
92 };
93 $app = $mw->($app);
95
97 Plack::Builder has a native support for Plack::App::URLMap via the
98 "mount" method.
99 use Plack::Builder;
101 my $app = builder {
102 mount "/foo" => $app1;
103 mount "/bar" => builder {
104 enable "Foo";
105 $app2;
106 };
107 };
108 See Plack::App::URLMap's "map" method to see what they mean. With
110 "builder" you can't use "map" as a DSL, for the obvious reason :)
111 NOTE: Once you use "mount" in your builder code, you have to use
113 "mount" for all the paths, including the root path ("/"). You can't
114 have the default app in the last line of "builder" like:
115 my $app = sub {
117 my $env = shift;
118 ...
119 };
120 builder {
122 mount "/foo" => sub { ... };
123 $app; # THIS DOESN'T WORK
124 };
125 You'll get warnings saying that your mount configuration will be
127 ignored. Instead you should use "mount "/" => ..." in the last line to
128 set the default fallback app.
129 builder {
131 mount "/foo" => sub { ... };
132 mount "/" => $app;
133 }
134 Note that the "builder" DSL returns a whole new PSGI application, which
136 means
137 • "builder { ... }" should normally the last statement of a ".psgi"
139 file, because the return value of "builder" is the application that
140 is actually executed.
141 • You can nest your "builder" blocks, mixed with "mount" statements
143 (see "URLMap support" above):
144 builder {
146 mount "/foo" => builder {
147 mount "/bar" => $app;
148 }
149 }
150 will locate the $app under "/foo/bar", since the inner "builder"
152 block puts it under "/bar" and it results in a new PSGI application
153 which is located under "/foo" because of the outer "builder" block.
154
156 You can use "enable_if" to conditionally enable middleware based on the
157 runtime environment.
158 builder {
160 enable_if { $_[0]->{REMOTE_ADDR} eq '127.0.0.1' } 'StackTrace', force => 1;
161 $app;
162 };
163 See Plack::Middleware::Conditional for details.
165
167 Object oriented interface supports the same functionality with the DSL
168 version in a clearer interface, probably with more typing required.
169 # With mount
171 my $builder = Plack::Builder->new;
172 $builder->add_middleware('Foo', opt => 1);
173 $builder->mount('/foo' => $foo_app);
174 $builder->mount('/' => $root_app);
175 $builder->to_app;
176 # Nested builders. Equivalent to:
178 # builder {
179 # mount '/foo' => builder {
180 # enable 'Foo';
181 # $app;
182 # };
183 # mount '/' => $app2;
184 # };
185 my $builder_out = Plack::Builder->new;
186 my $builder_in = Plack::Builder->new;
187 $builder_in->add_middleware('Foo');
188 $builder_out->mount("/foo" => $builder_in->wrap($app));
189 $builder_out->mount("/" => $app2);
190 $builder_out->to_app;
191 # conditional. You can also directly use Plack::Middleware::Conditional
193 my $builder = Plack::Builder->new;
194 $builder->add_middleware_if(sub { $_[0]->{REMOTE_ADDR} eq '127.0.0.1' }, 'StackTrace');
195 $builder->wrap($app);
196
198 Plack::Middleware Plack::App::URLMap Plack::Middleware::Conditional
199perl v5.32.1 2021-01-27 Plack::Builder(3)